image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic49060.jpg | what plane was used in this mri? | sagittal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3729579_F3_221758.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Photograph of external cutaneous wound healing process in control and different treated groups. Whey protein enhanced wound closure in diabetic models. This figure reveals that WP enhanced wound closure process in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Non-wounded N; wounded normal: N; Whey protein-treated wounded normal: WPN; Non-wounded diabetic: Non-wounded D; Wounded diabetic: D; Whey protein-treated wounded diabetic: WPD. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2360617_fig2_21294.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Effect of THC administration on tumour growth. Tumour growth plots and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance scans after the second surgery in three patients. Arrows indicate the THC administration cycles. (A) Patient 3, scans before and after surgery of tumour relapse as well as after the second, fourth and sixth THC cycle (weeks 4, 18 and 29, respectively). (B) Patient 8, scans before and after surgery of tumour relapse as well as after the THC cycle (week 3) and at week 32. (C) Patient 5, scans before and after surgery of tumour relapse as well as after the fist THC cycle (week 3) and at week 15. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2754976_F4_47223.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Effects of SOD treatment on UCP2 immunoreactivity (indirect method) in the hippocampal CA1 area. Confocal microscope images of UCP2 immunoreactivity of A: IPC group; B: IPC + SOD group; C: IPC +vehicle group. Notice the similarity in the appearance of SOD-treated neurons in B with that of control neurons in Fig 2A. D: Bar graph of fluorescence intensities of UCP-2 staining (mean ± S.E.M, n = 4 animals). Scale bar A, B, C = 15 μm. Significant differences were determined by repeated measures ANOVA plus Tukey's test. *** P < 0.001 compared to IPC group; ## P < 0.01 compared to IPC + SOD group. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4474324_f0035_398187.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Bias corrected FLAIR image (a) and super-imposed lesion segmentation from: (b) MSmetrix, (c) LST, and (d) Lesion-TOADS. The first row corresponds to the lesion segmentation of scan 1 and the second row corresponds to the lesion segmentation of scan 2. Cyan arrow heads show the difference in the lesion segmentation between scan 1 and scan 2 for MSmetrix, LST and Lesion-TOADS. Pink arrow heads show subtle lesions that are picked up by MSmetrix and Lesion-TOADS. Purple arrow head shows missed subtle lesions by LST. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4573613_fig4_424209.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Coregistered PET and MR images from individual with anaplastic oligodendroglioma WHO grade III (participant #14). ((a)–(d)) MR images obtained at the time of PET study. (a) T1-weighted MR image with contrast (Gadolinium) enhancement; (b) T2-weighted MR image; (c) Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) diffusion-weighted MR image; (d) Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) perfusion-weighted MR image; (e) AG PET image; (f) CMRGlu PET image; (g) CMRO2 PET image. (h) CBF PET image; (i) T2-weighted MR image 1 day after surgery (2 days after the PET study); ((j)–(l)) Follow-up T1-weighted images with contrast (Gadolinium) enhancement obtained 2 days (j), two months (k), and 14 months (l) after the PET study. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4041637_pone-0097465-g006_293417.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you |
Figure 5 shows an anatomic variability of the upper abdomen in one healthy subject with a tall, centrally arranged liver and partially inverted situs, by means of mirrored location of spleen and stomach in the right upper abdomen.In this subject residual B1-artifacts strongly impaired the conspicuity of central liver vessels in 2D and 3D FLASH imaging (stars in Figure A). Yet, being the sequence to be least impaired, TOF imaging allowed for a high-quality assessment of portal vein (arrow) and the left hepatic artery (dashed arrow). Figure B shows high quality delineation of the splenic artery and several small branches at the splenic hilus in all three sequences (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2862707_pone-0010431-g001_63325.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Representative phase contrast images of spheroids formed in 3D Matrigel culture.Most structures fell into the categories round, mass, stellate, or grape-like. Some cell lines failed to form spheroids in Matrigel but persisted as single live cells for up to two weeks (single phenotype). Most spheroids were imaged at days 9–10 after inoculation. PC-3 spheroids, shown as round phenotype at day 9, undergo a metamorphosis to invasive/stellate phenotype at day 13. The same occurs to PC-3M at an earlier time point (day 5–8). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3313898_F2_131629.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Intracellular localization of the OsMCA1 protein. Confocal fluorescence images (b-d, f-h, j-l) and differential interference contrast (DIC) images (a, e, i) of tobacco BY-2 cells expressing GFP-OsMCA1 (a-h) or GFP (i-l) stained with FM4-64 (4.25 μM) for 3 h. Fluorescence of GFP (b, f, j) and FM4-64 (c, g, k). (e-h) Plasmolyzed cells. Scale bar: 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3364888_F4_140125.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | CXCR4 expression in primary cultures of feline mammary carcinoma. Upper panels. Representative immunofluorescence staining using anti-procollagen I (red) of fibroblast and purified feline mammary carcinoma primary cultures, after immunomagnetic fibroblast separation. DAPI-counterstained nuclei in blue. No fibroblast contamination is observed in the tumor cell cultures. Lower panel. A-B-C. Phase-contrast microscopy observation of the cultured cells derived from feline mammary gland tumours with an epithelioid morphology with some elongated spindle-shaped cells growing in monolayer (original magnification 10×) Panels D-E-F: immunofluorescence detection of CXCR4 expression (red) in primary cultures (DAPI-counterstained nuclei in blue). Original magnification 20×. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1emn08329of3h1wc.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | No |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glws51b071u5gzk6x1i.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3423016_F1_150685.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Chest radiographs taken at our patient’s first (a) and second (b) admission. The chest radiograph from the second admission (b) showed a bilateral interstitial pattern. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2239.jpg | Where is this from? | gastrointestinal system |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3161114_pone-0024013-g003_106053.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Trilineage differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells.CPCs 4 weeks after differentiation stained with antibodies against cardiac, smooth muscle and endothelial markers as shown. A. TNI. B. Desmin. C. MHC. D. sarcomeric actin (SA) and GATA4. E, F. SMA and SM22-α. G. SMA and GATA4. H. Flk-1/KDR. I. vWF. For images A–C, E-H: original magnification 32X. Images D, I: original magnification 100X. Shown are clones 1D (A, D), 20B (E) and 11B (B, C, F–H). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3145783_pone-0022936-g001_103886.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Stable T. gondii parasite lines expressing transgenic OVA antigen.(A) OVA protein fused to endogenous targeting signals correctly traffics OVA antigen (green) to specific organelles in T. gondii tachyzoites, including: the cytoplasm (row 1, left), the parasitophorous vacuole (row 1, right), the inner membrane complex (row 2), the mitochondrion (row 3), and the parasite membrane (row 4). Permeabilization reveals intracellular, as well as membrane-bound, GPI-OVA (row 5). Co-localization markers (red) include: anti-IMC1 antibody, mitotracker, and anti-P30 antibody, as labeled. Protein expression in stable transgenic parasites (B) and culture supernatants (C) was analyzed by immunblotting, using antibodies directed against OVA and P30 (loading control). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2570.jpg | What does this image show? | autoimmune hepatitis |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2855659_F0005_62120.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Retinal non perfusion in a case of Behçet's uveitis in temporal inferior area |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01579.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Ultrasound of the right upper quadrant showing the gallbladder free of stones (blue arrow) and thickening of gallbladder wall (white arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3457599_fig5_157039.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Uterine cervical blue nevi. Histopathologic findings. (a, b, and c) Upper stromal proliferation of focal pigmented melanocytes. The tumor cells are arranged in sheets and mostly spindle eosinophilic cytoplasm. Intracytoplasmic melanin is present. (d, e, and f) The tumor cells showed positivity for S-100, Melan A, and HMB-45, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4008499_pone-0096021-g004_285532.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Significant effect of diagnosis-by-genotype interaction on hippocampus volume as demonstrated by voxel based morphometry analysis.Red blobs in the figures show significant diagnosis by genotype interaction involving both right and left hippocampal volumes by VBM in parallel to those that were observed in manual analyses. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3112411_F1_98676.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Structure of the plasmids and the germinated pea seeds ready for agroinfection. (a) pCAPE1 containing full-length cDNA of PEBV RNA-1 with an intron. (b) pCAPE2-GFP containing cDNA of PEBV RNA-2 with the GFP coding sequence replacing the genes required for nematode transmission. CP is the coat protein coding region. (c) The 36-48 hours germinated pea seeds with 2-3 cm roots were vacuum infiltrated with cultures of Agrobacterium containing binary plasmids pCAPE1and pCAPE2-GFP or pCAPE1 and pCAPE2-aFGF. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4428012_Fig6_385264.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Radiation dose distribution for intraperitoneal radiotherapy using helical tomotherapy-based intensity-modulated radiotherapy, with particular attention to representative dosimetry within the liver (a-c) bilateral kidneys (d-f), and bone marrow (g-i). Transverse (a, d, and g), coronal (b, e, and h), and sagittal computed tomography images (c, f, and i) with isodose radiation color contour maps are provided. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3239324_F1_119423.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Histological observations of coronary arteritis induced by treatment with MZR and IgG. A, Control (PBS); B, MZR group; C, IgG group. Each micrograph represents an individual mouse. H&E stain, Bar: 500 μm. Numbers (white) are coronary arteritis score. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2803827_F3_54162.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (A) A sagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance image of the right knee shows a low signal lesion with a maximal diameter of 8 cm at the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. (B) A sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance image shows a high signal fluid-filled lesion with inner septums and thin outer wall. (C) A transverse T2-weighted magnetic resonance image shows a cystic fluid-filled lesion at the postero-medial aspect of the knee joint. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qk1ezn0832fzc5hr77.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4491559_fig4_402959.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Aggregation of SMG cells in iSG. SMG cells and GFP-iPS cells were cocultured with DMEM/F12 for 96 h. Localization of GFP-iPS cells in iSG. iSG consists of 20% iPS cells and 80% SMG cells. Phase-contrast image and immunological stained image GFP-iPS (green) and pericentriolar material (PCM) (a). Scale bar, 25 µm. Immunofluorescence of paraffin-embedded tissue of regenerated salivary glands. GFP-iPS (green) and E-cadherin (red) (b). Scale bar, 25 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4670706_fig02_450722.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Reconstruction of a whole cell to create inventory of organelles: Sections 17 (A), 37 (B) and 52 (C) from a set of 68 sections (nominal thickness 70nm), white arrow points to narrow constriction of nucleus. 3D representation of volume segmented in Amira (D–K) to illustrate asymmetric distribution of most organelles, colour codes: plasma membrane green, nucleus (N) dark blue, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) light blue, mitochondria (m) red, Golgi complex (G) yellow, lysosomes (circles) orange, black arrowhead points to large ER cisterna, black arrows indicate processes emerging from cell surface. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4173054_Fig1_322246.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. |
Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin in lung tissues from N to AM. Fibroblast markers [alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (a-f), vimentin (g-l)] were detected by immunohistochemistry. As shown in figure, both α-SMA and vimentin were stained positively in the cytoplasm of CAFs. Magnification: 40×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4243337_fig-2_338899.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Characterization of parental cells and candidate colonies.Phase images compare the morphology of control H9p54 hESCs with parental ChM5 and ChMRCB1ChMRC.B1 cells. Inserts are magnified 3X. Note change in size due to higher area of cytoplasm in somatic cells. Magnification is identical within columns. Immunostaining of H9p45 hESCs and candidate iChM5Ap3 and iChMRCB1ChMRC.B1Ap7 colonies for Oct4 (red) and a fluorescent DNA (blue) dye. Scale bar, 100 microns. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4375636_f0005_372024.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (Left column) original sections of different levels on a premature brain; (middle) enhanced MRI after pre-processing; and (right) the white matter region automatically detected. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4538364_fig5s2_415120.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Still images from a time-lapse video of esg-Gal4>UAS-string histoblasts.Left: rapid proliferation phase. Note the presence of cells of different sizes, indicative of asynchronous division. Images represent 0 hr and mitosis M1, M2 and M3. Genotype: esg-Gal4, UAS-string, UAS-GFP. Right: growth and migration phase. Note the delayed spreading and incomplete replacement of the LEC, compared to controls at the equivalent time points (Figure 3C). Genotype: esg-Gal4, UAS-string, UAS-GFP. Refers to Figure 5B and Videos 8, 9.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07389.023 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3011017_pone-0015245-g002_82479.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Mobility of Httex1-GFP constructs.FLIP analysis of Httex1-GFP mobility in the cytoplasm of N2a cells transfected for 24 h. Repetitive photobleaching of cells within the cytoplasm, in a small ROI (white outline box), was performed. The 0s image represents the first image after the first photobleach. The same ROI was photobleached every 5 seconds. By 150 s, nearly all fluorescence had been depleted from all of the cytoplasm, whereas adjacent cell fluorescence was unaffected. FLIP reveals the presence of small stable IBs (73, arrowhead). When IBs were present, repetitive photobleaching depleted the cytoplasm fluorescence without significantly affecting the IBs fluorescent intensity (bottom row; arrowhead). Bar = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2898786_F3_68243.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | shows the histology of the brain of a mouse with cerebral malaria and hearing impairment. The typical signs of leucocyte sequestration (a) and microhaemorrhages (b) are shown. (Hematoxilin Eosin staining; magnification 400 ×) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4033053_F3_291569.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | D. discoideum cells can package polystyrene beads in secreted MLBs. Transmission electronic micrographic images of polystyrene beads packaged in thick (A) and thin (B) MLBs after being incubated with D. discoideum DH1-10 cells (Cornillon et al., 2000) in the presence of digestible bacteria. Scale bars = 0.2 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4341263_F0002_362642.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Angiographie à la fluorescéine. OD: œdème papillaire, vascularite, taches hémorragique en flammèches épi et péri-papillaire et hémorragies rétiniennes en tache profondes et superficielles. OG: aspect normal. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0069.jpg | What are Ganglioneuromas characterized by? | clusters of large ganglion cells with vesicular nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3527600_pone-0052699-g008_174533.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Enhanced intraretinal revascularizaiton into the ischemic retina in MMP-12 KO mice.
A). Representative retinal fluorescein angiographic images demonstrating enhanced retinal re-vascularization in MMP-12 KO mice compared with WT OIR mice from P17 to P20 (3-5 mice in each group). B). Higher magnification images of retinal angiograph at P19. C). Quantification of avascular area in retinas from WT and MMP-12 KO mice with OIR at P17-P20. Results were expressed as mean ± SD, n = 4. MMP-12 KO mice had significantly smaller area of avascular retina when compared to WT mice (P<0.01). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2440523_pone-0002582-g006_24781.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Plaque formation by R. raoultii and R. conorii in different cell lines.L929 or Vero cells monolayers were infected for 10 days with serial dilutions of bacteria, the pure inoculum being estimated by qRT-PCR as 2.5×107 rickettsiae per well. The “control” corresponds to non-infected cells. Upper panel: After crystal violet-staining we noticed the absence of plaque formation in L929 cells infected with R. raoultii (left) while a concentration-dependent effect was observed on Vero cells (right). Lower panel: Magnification of the effects observed with R. raoultii or with R. conorii. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2932712_ppat-1001080-g004_72587.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Analysis of the capacity of Vpr mutants to form nuclear foci.HeLa cells were transfected with plasmids expressing HA-tagged Vpr (WT), Vpr (Q65R), Vpr (R80A), and Vpr (1–78). Forty-eight hours after transfection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibodies against HA (red), nucleoporin (blue) and VPRBP (green). Images were acquired by confocal microscopy. Images shown are representative of multiple fields. Averages of the number of Vpr nuclear foci (VNF) per cell and corresponding standard deviations are shown. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_21681.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | A tranverse section of the cord (arrow) shows a four-vessel cord |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3614711_F1_196094.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | TEM of NF loaded CS/ALG nanoparticles: magnification (a ×60000); (b ×60000); (c ×600000); (d ×300000). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4020491_fig2_288305.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (a, b, c) Preoperative views; (d) panoramic radiography; (e) cephalometric radiography; (f) periapical radiography showing no significant changes to the maxillary left central incisor. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3530483_pone-0052606-g003_175078.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Ultrastructural evaluation of internalized P. gingivalis at 6 hours post-inoculation.Transmission electron microscopic images (6000× magnification) of uninfected (control) and infected cells are representative of 3 independent experiments. Block arrows indicate internalized bacteria in CMPase negative vacuoles. Thin arrow depicts bacteria undergoing degradation within CMPase positive vacuoles. Scale bar represents 2 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2732101_F0002_44352.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Computed tomogram of the thorax showing the various views of the mycetoma with rupture into the pleural cavity leading to pneumothorax. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_bone/train_2824.jpg | Is teeth present? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4383240_fig1_374573.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | MRI and MRA two months after the trauma (3T Magnetom Skyra, Siemens AG Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). (a) T1 image. (b) STIR (short-Ti inversion-recovery) image. (c) Gadolinium-enhanced VIBE (volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination) image using 6 mL Gadovist (Bayer Schering, Berlin, Germany). (d)–(f) TWIST (time-resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories) 3D MRA with a temporal resolution of 5 seconds. White arrow = pseudoaneurysm. White arrowhead = early filling of the veins due to arteriovenous fistula. ATA = anterior tibial artery. DPA = dorsalis pedis artery. PA = plantar arch. MPA = medial plantar artery. LPA = lateral plantar artery. PTA = posterior tibial artery. Ps = pseudoaneurysm of the lateral plantar artery. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3097593_F3_95812.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Needle placement for lumbar discography. (a) Anteroposterior and (b) lateral radiographic projections show the tip of the thicker, shorter outer needle at the posterolateral corner of the annulus fibrosis of the intervertebral disc. The tip of the thinner, longer inner needle is located in the centre of the intervertebral disc. Test injection of contrast agent confirms that the inner needle tip lies in the nucleus pulposus. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3137610_pone-0022008-g005_102447.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Generation of interspecific chimeras between mouse and rat.(A) RiPSCs injected into mouse blastocysts; analysis, E13.5. EGFP of chimeric mouse (E13.5) generated using rat iPSCs. (B) EGFP (%) of chimerism was shown by FACS analysis of chimeric mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs/REFs) established from F1 rats. (C) Immunostaining of chimeric rats. HMV/DTT (Alexa546) or EGFP fluorescence was observed in testis. EGFP was derived from riPSCs. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46572.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | The first brain computed tomography scan without contrast shows multiple brain abscesses with variable density and surrounding extensive hypodensity. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3780543_fig3_232978.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Dynamic observation of transiently transfected reporter genes shows fast induction and no bursting.Time-lapse images of transiently transfected cells induced with 50 μM PA at t = 0 min. Each cell contains multiple copies of the reporter plasmid, visible as diffraction limited spots (Video 6). Scale bar = 4 μm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00750.013 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3152526_F2_104626.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography images. Sagittal (A) and axial (B) images are shown. Strong tracer uptake appears in the dorsal site of the lung. The standardized uptake value in the lung field is 6.8 (120 minutes after injection). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3108980_pone-0020786-g003_98039.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Uptake of csPcs by two different Leishmania stages.[A–C] Promastigotes and [A′–C′] axenic amastigotes were pre-loaded with 10 µM csPcs 14, 15 or 3.5, respectively. DIC, Differential interference. Fluorescence, Pc intracellular fluorescence. Scale bar = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2669177_pone-0005290-g005_37331.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Transferred NMP leads to structural rescue of the rds
+/− phenotype.Light micrographs (top row) and electron micrographs (bottom row, N = 3–5 animals per group) from rds
+/− were examined. (A) At PI-30, moderate ultrastructural rescue is detected in the OSs of nanoparticle injected eyes (arrows). (B) By PI-120 significant ultrastructural improvement in OSs of nanoparticle injected eyes is apparent. OS discs are properly aligned and flattened and OS do not exhibit the swirl-like structures typical of the rds
+/−. RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; OS, outer segment layer; IS, inner segment layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer. Scale bar, 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2803884_F1_54232.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Unenhanced brain computed tomography scan (Axial view): Ectopic multiple gross calcifications of falx cerebri are visible. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3736875_f1-mjhid-5-1-e2013048_223572.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT Scan at diagnosis of AML: bilateral basal parenchymal consolidation with a consensual right pleural effusion. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3103586_pone-0020337-g003_97294.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histopathology examination of adrenal medulla in maternal
rats.The shape of adrenal medullar cell was regular, and damaged structure was
not observed in CP rats. Adrenal medulla vacuolar degeneration and lipid
increases were observed in AP rats, which was aggravated in NP rats and
alleviated in ANP rats. (The magnification of the image is 400
×). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3782439_pone-0075927-g001_233318.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Pathology of DCM.A. Gross morphology and electron micrographs of the heart of diabetic mice. a-d: longitudinal sections of LV stained with hematoxylin and eosin (scale bar, 20µm). e-h: electron micrographs of LV (scale bars, 5 µm).B. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the levels of ANP and BNP mRNA expression in the myocardium in the various groups. GAPDH was used as an internal loading control.(n = 5 in each group) Columns and errors bars represent the mean ± SD. #p<0.01 vs. Wt/Con; *p<0.01 vs. Wt/DM. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3412995_F3_148709.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Overview of the left SI area that showed significant negative BOLD during passive stroking. The top graph shows the time courses of all the conditions in the left SI BA03 area (see Table 1 for more details); in active touch, there was a significant positive BOLD signal changes, whereas in passive touch, there was a significant negative BOLD signal. The bottom panel shows the negative BOLD signal areas for passive touch to the palm and arm; these regions overlapped greatly. The brain map in the bottom panel is to neurological convention (left is left). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2830936_F3_58220.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | GFP-R-Ras colocalizes with Rab11, but not Rab5- or Rab4-positive endosomal compartments. Cos7 cells were transfected with GFP-R-Ras-(wt), -(38V), or -(41A) and then fixed and stained with antibodies against: (A-F) Rab11; (G-I) Rab5; or (J-L) Rab4. The largest vesicle compartments in 85% of -(wt) and 92% of -(38V) transfected cells were positive for Rab11 (arrows, for -(wt) n = 13 cells and -(38V), n = 12), but not Rab5 or Rab4 (<5%, n = 15 each). Intracellular GFP-R-Ras localized to smaller compartments and PM fluorescence lacked correlation with Rab fluorescence. Scale bar is 20 μm. (D-F) Insets of cells shown in A-C are shown at 3× zoom to highlight features. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3506832_Fig3_168642.jpg | What is shown in this image? | a CT images show a clear defect in the L5 lamina, which is seen intralaminally. b MRI shows signal changes along the fracture line with high intensity on a fat-saturated T2-weighted image |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvs9160074y7pmr1x8m.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14266.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | 60-year-old man with hepatic encephalopathy. A subsequent digital subtraction angiogram demonstrates coils inserted proximal to the gastro-renal shunt outflow tract, providing complete occlusion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2804595_F7_54560.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Suboptimal results of deformable image registration. The contours of the macroscopic primary tumor in the planning CT and the follow-up CT are shown in red and arrows point to artefacts after deformable image registration. Patient #5: deformation artefacts of the hilar bronchi (which were included into the GTV). The rather large amount of normal tissue within the GTV is probably responsible for this poor performance of DR. Patient #4: deformation artefacts after tumor shrinkage with a decay of the GTV. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2802586_F2_53895.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Representative microscopic fields. A: Normal connective tissue in group 1 (negative control); B-C: Extensive fibrosis in groups 2 and 3 (positive controls); D: Few areas with fibrosis in group 4 (treated group). Original magnificance 400×. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3956891_pone-0092026-g002_274585.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | fMRI activation maps and fMRI-guided ensemble tracts for a) HC, b) aMCI and c) AD.From left to right, PANEL 1: second level fMRI group activation map resulting from one sample t-tests performed separately for each group, verbal fluency task, axial views; PANELS 2/4: anterior (A), left lateral (L) and right lateral (R) views of the ensemble tract based on the activation of the first panel. The yellow circles highlight the left CB (anterior view) and the left AF (left view), observable with different portions in all the three groups. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56989.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | papillary tumor of pineal region |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2820080_pone-0009162-g001_56474.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Detection of carcinoma-in-situ bronchial lesions.Bronchoscopy using A. white light for detection of CIS lesions (indicated by arrow), or B. LIFE (lung-imagine fluorescent endoscopy) for detection of CIS lesions (indicated by arrow). C. Histological section identifying a CIS lesion within the bronchial epithelium, typified by extensive squamous stratification. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36050.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | ct with gi contrast |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4663300_fig5_448695.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Segmentation results of MRI: (a) MRI; (b) FCM on MRI; (c) SFCM on MRI; (d) HAFSA on MRI; (e) WM (standard segmentation); (f) WM (FCM); (g) WM (SFCM); (h) WM (HAFSA); (i) GM (standard segmentation); (j) GM (FCM); (k) GM (SFCM); (l) GM (HAFSA); (m) CSF (standard segmentation); (n) CSF (FCM); (o) CSF (SFCM); (p) CSF (HAFSA). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3765117_F1_229757.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Giemsa-stained thin blood smears with Plasmodium knowlesi parasites (magnification: 100×, oil immersion). Panels A and B display ring stage parasites. Panel C shows a band-form. Panels D and E show late trophozoite parasites. Panel F displays a gametocyte. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pv1e4r0832azyteua7.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris is |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2802000_f10-ijms-10-05381_53827.jpg | What is shown in this image? | The cell morphology of PLA foams after saturation at 6.89 MPa at different times. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3573077_pntd-0002052-g001_185766.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The construction of idiograms for mitotic chromosome of Aedes aegypti.Early metaphase chromosomes of Ae. aegypti stained with YOYO-1 iodide (A) were utilized for idiogram (B) development. Chromosome numbers are shown on the top of each chromosome. Chromosomal arms p and q and numbered divisions and subdivisions are shown on the left side of the idiograms. Landmarks are indicated by asterisks. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3824937_Fig1_242424.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Examples of each of the five MRI phenotypes: 1 well defined, unicentric mass; 2 well defined, multilobulated mass; 3 area enhancement with nodularity; 4 area enhancement without nodularity; 5 septal spreading |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2649433_pone-0004739-g007_35216.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Changes in OL morphology in hypoxia.OLs were cultured in 21% O2 in the presence of GFs (A, E), in the absence of GFs (B, F), or under with GFs in 4% O2 (C, G) or 1% O2 (D, H) for 1 week. Fluorescence images of cells stained with actin-specific phalloidin (A–D) and phase-contrast images (E–H) of OLs show that cultures deprived of GFs (B, F) or cultures exposed to hypoxia (C, D, G, H) undergo morphological changes consistent with enhanced maturation. Scale bars = 10 um. Data shown are representative of five separate studies. At least ten separate coverslips were analyzed per study. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3743215_F3_224745.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Relationship between drug effects on BOLD and FA-values, revealed by whole brain analyses. (A) White matter regions showing a linear relationship between FA-values and the effects of bromocriptine relative to sulpiride (left), bromocriptine relative to placebo (middle) and bromocriptine relative to combined administration of both drugs (right) on striatal BOLD. (B) Summed tractography maps of the individual pathways that originate from the FA-region displayed in Figure 3A (left). Probabilistic tractography from this region revealed an extensive network of pathways between the OFC, amygdala and striatum. Image is thresholded to present those tracks that were present in at least 25% of the subjects. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_bone/train_1251.jpg | What is hemisection of nose left? | side showing patency right side was not patent |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3161896_F4_106242.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Lateral x-ray of the same patient after hybrid external fixator removal. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2904772_ppat-1000994-g005_68852.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Distribution of MLG in the presence of cytochalasin D or nocodazole.BHK cells were infected with rVSV-MLG in the presence of NH4Cl as described for Fig. 4B. Cytoskeletal inhibitors were added for 30 minutes before NH4Cl washout and the inhibitors remained in the post-washout media until the cells were fixed 60 minutes later. Distribution of MLG, Nup62 and actin (A) or tubulin (B) either without (top panels) or with (bottom panels) cytoskeletal inhibitors. Arrows indicate nuclear envelope localization. The brightness levels were adjusted for all the images using Canvas 11 software to maximize the MLG signal after conversion to grayscale. Bars = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4081372_f3-ol-08-02-0753_303322.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Microscopic features of the tumor. The main tumor consisted of poorly-differentiated squamous cells (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×400). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxur8znc074yg5ny5gy1.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4657250_Fig6_447179.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | 3D view of docking pose of minimum energy structure complex of IC docked at the predicted active site of TNF-α (PDB ID: 1A8M) viewed using Glide XP visualizer of Schrödinger Maestro. Hydrogen bond is shown as yellow dash and bonded with GLN 47 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3565308_f2-ijms-14-01080_183977.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Fluorescence images of HeLa cells stained with FSNP-SD. (A) The cells stained with various concentrations of FSNP-SD (a) 20; (b) 40 and (c) 60 μg/mL for 4 h; (B) Duration of intracellular fluorescence after 40 μg/mL FSNP-SD treatment: (d) 1 day; (e) 3 days and (f) 5 days. 10 μg/mL is equal to 1 μmol/L luminogens. Scale bar = 20 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1666.jpg | Is fibroma present? | no |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4482435_pone.0130653.g001_400396.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Visualization of the fully automatic lung parenchyma segmentation as obtained by in-house YACTA software.Sagittal reconstruction image of a non-enhanced MDCT scan obtained from a patient suffering from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) not included in the current trial. YACTA software automatically segmented lung parenchyma and trachea-bronchial tree, emphasized as green and orange overlay respectively (window width: 1600 HU; level: -600 HU). Note that the segmentation algorithm fails to segment portions of the lung parenchyma in the sub-pleural space of the recessus, due to its similar density to the chest wall. (MDCT = multidetector computed tomography). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4616708_F3_435827.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Clinical findings of case 3. (A) Clinical image shows swollen eyelids in the left eye. (B) Color Doppler ultrasonography shows a hypoechoic lesion with a size of 3.9 × 3.6 cm in the left orbit. (C) CT scan reveals an intraorbital mass of the left eye. (D) Histopathological examination (H&E stain, 200×) after subtotal resection indicates poorly differentiated neuroblastic cells, with minimal cytoplasm and basophilic nuclei. (E) Histopathological examination (H&E stain, 200×) after orbital exenteration in the left orbit confirms the diagnosis of retinoblastoma with poorly differentiated tumor cells and necrosis. CT = computed tomography, H&E = hematoxylin and eosin. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyjdo6o086uajpg3aza.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2847680_f2_60836.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Slit-lamp examination showed an irregular corneal surface and several discrete, gray-white opacities in the subepithelial area and Bowman’s layer. Some of the opacities were associated with marked corneal scarring. No neovascularization and stromal lattice were observed. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3316999_fig1_132296.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Imaging from a 64-year-old man with CPFE. (a) HRCT of bilateral upper lung fields shows emphysema. (b) HRCT of bilateral lower lung fields shows traction bronchiectasis and honeycomb and reticular opacities. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3909189_pone-0087405-g001_263145.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Infrared thermography.(A) Sample thermograph from Experiment 1, showing 2 male (top and left) and 2 female (bottom and right) pups during cold challenge. (B–C) Sample thermographs of litters during cold challenge in Experiment 2. In (C) the zones used for measuring interscapular (D) and rump (E) temperatures (TIS and Trump, respectively) are shown for a pup that has separated from its huddle. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1913531_F2_12153.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | A) Low-power photomicrography showing structures resembling lymphoid follicles surrounded by loose connective tissue (H&E; original magnification × 25). B) Plump endothelial cells, surrounded by an inflammatory infiltrate containing a large number of eosinophils (H&E; original magnification × 400). C) Factor VIII immunostaining, highlighting the florid vascular proliferation (Original magnification × 25). D) The atypical endothelial cells all stained positive (Factor VIII, original magnification × 400). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4340936_pone.0117029.g007_362476.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Task-related modulation in BOLD signal at Win $5 relative to the baseline of the MIDT task.A. Color on the brain images shows task-related increases and decreases in BOLD signal as revealed by GLM-based analyses. The color bar indicates t values. B1, B2, and B3. Color on the brain images shows regions covered by positive, negative, and neutral ICs, respectively. The color bar indicates number of overlapping ICs. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3830558_F1_244025.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Contrast-enhanced computer tomography. (A–C) Giant mixed-type hernia (upside-down stomach (S)) with an incarcerated portion of the stomach (red arrows). (D) Visceral gas distribution seen from the 3D-reconstruction showing the proximal gastric portion (S) in the posterior mediastinum (incarceration: red arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2720605_pone-0006561-g004_42819.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Phenotype of HCV-positive foci in different Huh7 lines during virus titration.Cells were overlaid with compete DMEM containing methylcellulose to reduce secondary spread. At 72 h p.i. cells were fixed and stained for HCV E2 [11] (magnification, ×100). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3819821_fig2_241564.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Radiograph taken after completion of the OSFE procedure without bone grafting with 8 mm lifting of the sinus membrane and a residual bone height of less than 3.0 mm and the amount of sinus floor elevation. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gles4bf071u0hjs3axx.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4617859_Fig5_436240.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Results of a culture of bPGCs/gPGCs subjected to G418 selection 7 days later (a, b) and few positive EGFP bPGCs/gPGCs remain after 14 days (c, d) post-transfection with the pEGFP-N1 vector. EGFP protein-expressing cells were observed on the different surfaces of the specimens (40× magnification) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1949822_F6_13095.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Salmonella Typhimurium UMR1 biofilm development after 4, 8, 16 and 24 h. The first row shows light microscope images (with a frame width of approx. 0.6 mm) before drying, the second row light microscope images at the same magnification after drying and the third and fourth rows show AFM images at two different scan sizes. The arrows highlight the appearance of division septa after 4 h. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4350587_Fig4_364299.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Colon biopsy from the colonoscopy. The pathology report describes normal colonic mucosa fragment with colic glands without inflammatory infiltrate or ulceration. |
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