image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC4362833_Fig8_368402.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
Immunolocalization of pancreatic hormones and pancreatic polypeptide and PYY in catshark pancreas. (A) The distribution of the pancreatic hormones insulin (blue), glucagon (green) and somatostatin (Red) in uniquely shaped islet structures. (B) Pancreatic polypeptide (red) specific antisera fail to stain a specific subset of endocrine cells in the pancreas, while insulin (blue) and glucagon show a normal distribution. (C-D) PYY shows colocalization with most of the insulin immunoreactive cells but not glucagon or somatostatin (E-F). All images are 250x magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1783859_F1_9098.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Cat. Mammary gland. VEGFR-3 (red) and laminin (brown) double immunohistochemical stain in an extratumoral area of a stage 0 carcinoma. Lymphatic vessels are laminin negative (asterisk) whereas blood vessels are laminin positive (circle) 20X. Inset: higher magnification of VEGFR-3 positive endothelial cells in a lymphatic vessel. 63X. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4436165_Fig2_387496.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Pathologic results. (a) Pathology slice (hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×100) of the tumor. Nests of intermediate-grade tumor cells with intervening stroma can be seen. The tumor cells show clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, with no obvious pigment. (b) Higher magnification (hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×400) of the tumor, showing prominent nuclear mitosis and atypia. (c) Higher magnification (original magnification ×400) of the tumor, showing HMB45 positive. (d) Higher magnification (original magnification ×400) of the tumor, showing S-100 positive. (e) Higher magnification (original magnification ×400) of the tumor, showing Vimentin-positive. (f) Higher magnification (original magnification ×400) of the tumor, showing Ki-67 index, was 20% to 30%. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2204051_pone-0001496-g003_16257.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Electron micrographs of paracrystals formed by Rod mutants.Rods were dialyzed for 16 hrs against low salt buffer, stained with uranyl acetate and observed with the electron microscope. Bar on the left column, 1 µM. Bar on the right column, 0.1 µM. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4508386_fig9_407761.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Contrast-enhanced CT image depicting left atrial myxoma attached to the interatrial septum. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2137.jpg | Where is this? | pancreas |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4123709_RSPB20141211F3_311890.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | The eight study species under fluorescence and white light conditions. The first two columns were taken in the laboratory under standard fluorescence photography conditions, showing the individuals with the minimum (left column) and maximum (right column) fluorescence brightness among all sampled individuals. The third column shows individuals under standard white light conditions in the laboratory. Pictures were all taken under the same light conditions, explaining slight overexposure effects in species with strongly fluorescent eyes (triplefins H. striata and T. delaisi). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4526085_f3-mmr-12-03-3309_412146.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Surface co-localization of CD83 and CD25 on activated CD4+ T cells. Purified CD4+ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 for 2 days, deposited on slides, stained with (A) PE-labeled anti-CD83 and (B) FITC-labeled anti-CD25 and visualized by confocal microscopy. (C) The images of PE-labeled anti-CD83 and FITC-labeled anti-CD25 were merged to reveal an overlap of the two proteins. Images were captured from a x63 objective of a Zeiss LSM 410 microscope. Images are representative of three separate experiments (Scale bar, 5 µM). FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; PE, phycoerythrin; CD, cluster of differentiation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4125343_F1_312374.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | The patient was diagnosed for cervical cancer (Number 14). X-ray (A) and computed tomography (CT) (B) showed a large sclerotic lesion involving the sacrum. Intraoperative picture (C) demonstrated sacral nerve roots preserved after resection of metastatic lesion. Pathological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma (D) (hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, ×100). Postoperative x-ray (E) showed screw-rod system reconstruction. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3599802_F4_192551.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | a, b and c: The magnetic resonance imaging performed at one year after re-irradiation showed disease recurrence in the spine and no brain toxicity (white arrows). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0663.jpg | Does the tumour show islands and lobules within the dermis which are composed of two types of cells: outer basophilic cells and inner shadow cells? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4239402_Fig4_338315.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
EAATs colocalized with astrocytic markers. Dual immunofluorescence labeling of ET cerebellar cortex with anti-EAAT1 or anti-EAAT2 (Alexa 488, green, A, D, G, J, M, P), anti-GFAP (Alexa 594, red, B, E, K, Q), and anti-glutamate synthetase (Alexa 594, red, E, N). Both EAAT1 and EAAT2 partially colocalized with GFAP or glutamine synthetase in the cerebellar cortex (C, F, L, O). The cell bodies of Bergmann glia showed stronger colocalization with EAAT1 than with EAAT2 (arrows, in D-F). Higher magnification images showed both EAAT1 and EAAT2 form puncta along the GFAP-positive astrocytic processes (G-I, P-R). p: PC body. Scale bar 25 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3582555_pone-0057253-g003_188100.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Management of intraprocedural aneurysm rupture(A–B) A ruptured MCA-bifurcation aneurysm. (C) Leakage of contrast medium (arrow) and spasmodism of intracerebral arteries. (D) Morphologic presentation of stent and coils. (E) High density haemorrhage area. (F) The 6-month follow-up angiogram showing the total occlusion of the lesion. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0378.jpg | Are a partly formed unerupted tooth epithelioid cell granulomas with minute areas of caseation necrosis and surrounded by Langhans ' giant cells? | no |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl5s3wb071u5ekcdloz.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4091941_pntd-0002968-g002_305195.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Microscopic appearance of pig skin 2.5 weeks after experimental infection.Histologic sections stained with HE. Infiltrating cells were found in the fat layer between dermis and muscle tissue at sites infected with ≥2×104 CFU (A1, B1, C1 and D1). While the two highest inoculation doses led to the development of lesions with a necrotic core surrounded by strong infiltration (A2, B2), infiltration but no necrotic core was observed when doses of 2×104 and 2×103 CFU were used (C2, D2 insert). Fat cell ghosts were found at sites infected with the three highest inoculation doses (A2, B2 and C2). x: necrosis, y: infiltration, z: fat cell ghosts. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4207700_pone-0110771-g007_330054.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Electron microscopy observation of rice roots colonized by Azoarcus sp. CIB.Electron micrographs showing immunogold localization of NifH epitopes in rice roots inoculated with Azoarcus sp. CIB (pSEVA23GFP) cells for 7 days. Surface colonization (A), intercellular colonization of the second and third layers of the exodermis (C), intercellular colonization of the deeper layer of the exodermis, just in contact with the parenchyma (E). CW, cell wall; Ex, exodermis; IS intercellular space; Rh, rhizodermis; P, parenchyma. In order to distinguish gold particles, the framed areas in A, C and E are magnified in panels B, D and F, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4700626_Fig2_459137.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the NPC patient before treatment. T1-weighted axial MR images a without contrast, b with contrast, and c T2-weighted axial MR image show an occipital lymph node (18 mm × 19 mm) with equal T1 signal, long or equal T2 signal, and obvious enhancement (arrows). T1-weighted sagittal MR image d without contrast and e with contrast also show an enlarged lymph node with enhancement in subcutaneous tissue of the occiput (arrows) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4250035_pone-0113838-g005_340624.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Visualizing modular structure in CVU.A) For the same three single-subject networks shown in Figures 2 and 4, modular structure is determined using a spectral modularity maximization algorithm. The resulting modules are displayed in different randomly selected colors. The order of modules is randomized. B) The module corresponding most closely to the default mode network is isolated in each network and shown in both the 3D brain and circle views. Only connections with both ends in the module are displayed. Stronger connections are shown in red while weaker connections are shown in yellow. Nodes inside the default mode module are shown in purple while other nodes are shown in blue. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2551611_F7_27959.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Cell surface nucleolin co-localizes with LVS elongation factor Tu. THP-1 cells were incubated for 30 min with opsonized LVS and their interaction was observed by confocal microscopy at 63× magnification. Human cell surface was labeled with rabbit anti-nucleolin Ab diluted 1/200. Bacteria were labeled with murine anti-EF-Tu Ab diluted 1/2,000. Merging was observed with 3 × Zoom either with fluorescence light (right panel) or as bright field (left panel). Red arrows indicate colocalization of LVS with nucleolin present on cell surface. White arrows indicate LVS bound on cell surface in absence of nucleolin. These two photos are representative of five different experiments. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4094709_fig6_305642.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Fluorescent lesions observed after necropsy (combined by fluorescent imaging and white light picture). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3673335_fig6s2_209220.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Golgi staples do not prevent redistribution of Golgi membranes within ER mediated by BFA.HeLa cells co-expressing ManII-DsRed and GFP-CD8lumenal were incubated at 20°C in the presence of the disaggregating drug for 1 hr. Then, when required, the drug was removed to promote staples formation within the Golgi (upper panel). BFA (10 μg/ml) was added for 30 min, then cells were fixed and prepared for confocal microscopy. Confocal micrographs show redistribution of CD8lumenal and ManII-DsRed under BFA treatment regardless of the aggregation status of CD8lumenal. White arrows, residual staples.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00558.014 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3398972_pone-0040734-g004_145563.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Representative micrographs of ampicillin-treated cells.For controls, dividing cells in the medium without ampicillin are shown (a1–3). When crescent-shaped cells (a1) enter the division process, chloroplasts started to divide (a2). After septum formation, two new semicells with two chloroplasts appeared (a3). In the medium with 100 µM ampicillin (b1–6), various types of cells were observed. There were normal crescent-shaped cells with two chloroplasts (b1), dividing cells without chloroplast division (b2), divided semicells with only one chloroplast (b3), crescent-shaped cells with one chloroplast (b4), long cells with irregular chloroplasts (b5) and dead cells (b6). The magnification in those photos without a scale bar is the same as that in a1. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4594424_F2_430002.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Cytological observations of cells in SEs (A–F), FFEC (G–L), and OFEC (M–R) of cassava by TEM. G, Golgi body; Mt, mitochondria; P, plastid; Pe, peroxisome; RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum; S, starch granule; V, vacuole. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2864748_pone-0010496-g002_63442.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | BrdU found in microglia only in the control fed mice following LPS.Low magnification confocal photomicrographs were used to determine if the BrdU was labeling non-neural cells. (A–C) In the control animals without LPS the majority of the BrdU cells were not found to be microglia. (D–E) In the control diet fed rats treated with LPS note that fewer BrdU cells were found and that many of the BrdU labeled cells were microglia. White arrow shown in high magnification in Fig. 3D–F Yellow arrow shown in high magnification in Fig. 3G–I. (G–I) In the spirulina fed rats the BrdU cells were not found to be microglia. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3236301_F2_118955.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Comparison of cGFP, n1GFP, and n2GFP gene-reporter activities in the mature female gametophyte. Expression of AT5G27880 (A-C) and AT5G01860 (D-F) promoter constructs fused to the cGFP (A, D), n1GFP (B, E), and n2GFP (C, F) reporters. Each panel contains an epifluorescence image (top) and an overlay (bottom) of the epifluorescence and a bright-field image of the same ovule. acn, antipodal cell nuclei; cc, central cell; ccn, central cell nucleus; ec, egg cell; ecn, egg cell nucleus; sc, synergid cell; scn, synergid cell nucleus. Scale bars: 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3921211_pone-0088636-g001_266385.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The digestive system SBPH.(A) The digestive system of SBPH consists of the salivary gland (sg) and the alimentary canal including the esophagus (es), anterior diverticulum (ad), midgut (mg) and hindgut (hg). (B) The single optical section of the lumen side (panel I) and muscle side (panel II) of the midgut. The internal organs of SBPHs were labelled for actin with phalloidin-FITC (green) and examined by confocal microscopy. gl, gut lumen; Mv microvilli; me, midgut epithelium; vm, visceral muscle. Bars, 100 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54687.jpg | is this a t1 weighted, t2 weighted, or flair image? | t2 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24374.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | ct with gi and iv contrast |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3420441_fig3_150092.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Follow-up (at end of chemotherapy) chest X-ray (a) showing complete resolution of pneumothorax on left side and computed tomography (b) revealing persistence of cystic space in right upper lobe (black arrow) and resolution of left pneumothorax (white arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3986048_pone-0094287-g001_280959.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | IGF2 infusion reduces the number of Aβ40 and Aβ42 plaques in the hippocampus.Immunohistochemistry for Aβ40 (left) and Aβ42 (right) was performed on anterior, intermediate and posterior hippocampal sections from 6-month old APP.PS1/CHGFP mice. Representative images from each treatment group are shown. The number of Aβ40 (left) and Aβ42 (right) plaques within each of the hippocampal sections was counted and means per group are presented for each region. IGF2 treatment significantly reduced the number of hippocampal plaques as determined by one-way ANOVA with repeated measures [A, F(1,10) = 6.987, p = 0.027; B, F(1,10) = 6.483, p = 0.029]. Scale bar represents 1 mm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2768757_f2_49213.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunolocalization of toll-like receptors in human corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelium. Cryosections of human cornea and conjunctival tissues were incubated with various anti-TLR antibodies and visualized using Alex Fluor 488 conjugated secondary antibodies as described in Methods. Nuclei were stained by DAPI present in the mounting solution. The original pictures were taken at 200X magnification. The insets were taken at 400X magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4048482_F1_295471.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | The histological photographs of hematoxilen & eosin staining of pancreatic tissues of normal and experimental rats (more details are given in the Materials and Methods section). The islets were distinct in CN and VTN groups. Islets of VTN were larger in size and increased beta cell numbers and mass in comparison to CN. In CD and ITD, the islets were atrophied and reduced in size and number, their beta cells were degenerated. In comparison with CD, islets in VTD were larger in size; close to normal islets of CN group (magnification 400×). CN, control normal; VTN, vanadyl-treated normal; CD, control diabetic; VTD, vanadyl-treated diabetic; ITD, insulin-treated diabetic |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic42996.jpg | what plane was used in this mri? | axial |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3415107_fig6_149095.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Panoramic X-ray with fixed measuring points at base line (a), after grafting procedure using Cerabone (b), and four years of implant placement (c). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1283745_F3_3823.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Schematic short axis (panel A) and four chamber subcostal (panel B) echocardiographic views showing the septal rupture location and dissecting tract trajectory through right ventricular wall. Blood flows from left ventricle (panel A, inferior arrow) into right ventricular wall creating an intramural neo-cavity (panel A and B, asterisk), and re-enters the right ventricle chamber (panel A, superior arrow, panel B arrow). Abbreviations: LV left ventricle, LA left atrium, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4266516_F3_344716.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | SEM and TEM images of the as-prepared 3D hollow porous Fe3O4 microspheres. SEM images: (a) low magnification and (b) high magnification. TEM images: (c) low magnification and (d) high magnification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4389884_Fig5_376244.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented |
Radiological follow-up staging after radiotherapy: a) significant reduction of tumor size and FDG-uptake in three months after radiotherapy; b) progressive disease in six months with the intrabronchial tumor propagation and increased metabolic activity.
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC3533892_F1_175996.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Computed tomography image demonstrating the mass. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glds49v071u08w57r94.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3542347_pone-0053351-g004_178510.jpg | What is shown in this image? | A spherical lesion with no blood flow.One year after treatment, the volume of the spherical lesion decreased mildly, but with no reinforcement of its blood flow. No blood flow was shown in the tissue surrounding the resection area. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4444355_pone.0127421.g007_389566.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Micrographic pictures of both Fluo-3 and FluoZin-3 fluorescence in C6 glioma cells exposed to CaCl2 and ZnCl2 in the presence of pyrithione and TPEN.Typical pictures are shown here. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4599303_F1_431505.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Illustrations of therapeutic responses in representative cases(A) patient #6, multiple liver metastases. Although the tumor did not show a reduction in size, the sum of diameters of enhancement regions were reduced by more than 30%, according to the modified RECIST criteria; (B) patient #8, right upper lung nodular lesion (black arrow); (C) patient #9, right pleural seeding tumor (white arrow); (D) patient #19, bilateral multiple lung metastases; (E) patient #20, bilateral multiple lung metastases; (F) patient #13, peritoneal seeding in the right pelvic region from positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans before and after salvage metronomic chemotherapy. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4336123_Fig6_360726.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
Morphological changes in NETosis. Time-lapse images of the neutrophils. The nucleus loses its lobules (a), the chromatin decondenses (b), the nuclear envelope disaggregates (c), the nucleoplasm becomes homogenous (d), the cell membrane ruptures and the interior of the cell is ejected (arrowhead) (e), and chromatins (arrows) are expelled (f). NETosis was induced by 10 nM of PMA. Scale bar represents 10-μm length. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic38966.jpg | what organ systems can be evaluated with this x-ray? | musculoskeletal |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3365054_pone-0034830-g003_140189.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Scanning electron microscopic observation.Day 6 BMDCs were treated with LPS (1 µg/mL) and/or FTY720 (500 nM) for additional 48 h before SEM observation. Scale bar = 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4028004_F1_290043.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Finding of eye fundus. A 15-year-old female patient showed massive left intraretinal hemorrhaging. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4058077_f08_298223.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Protein N-linked glycosylation is affected in GRASP65[LacZ] homozygous MEFs.(A,B) GSII-alexa647 lectin staining of the plasma membrane of wildtype (A) and homozygous GRASP65[lacZ] (B) immortalized MEFs. Note that it is strongly decreased in the homozygous MEFs. (C) Quantitation of the fluorescence level as a surface mean intensity (n = 38 WT and 41 hom MEFs). Scale bars: 10 µm (A,B). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4335368_Fig3_360583.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
Papillary muscles and trabecular contributions to total LVM. (A) Comparison in control versus Fabry subjects (p = 0.01). (B) Graphic showing a mid-ventricular slice illustrating the papillary and trabecular components excluded from the LVM using the MexP&T approach (dashed endocardial contour) compared with their inclusion via the MP&T approach (solid endocardial contour) in a Fabry subject. LVM = left ventricular mass. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0227.jpg | Are iron deposits shown by a special staining process call the Prussian blue reaction? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3515443_pone-0050772-g002_170776.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Cytosolic developing Δp52&p36 P. berghei parasites lack an apparent PVM.A) MSP-1 expression on cytosolic wildtype and Δp52&p36 P. berghei parasites 52 hours post infection (Bar = 10 µm). B) UIS-4 and HSP70 expression on cytosolic Δp52&p36 and wildtype P. berghei parasites at 6–52 hours post infection (Bar = 10 µm). C) Electron microscopic analysis of cytosolic wildtype (upper row) and Δp52&p36 (lower row) parasites, 32 hours post hepatocyte infection. The inset boxes show higher magnifications of the boxed areas within the overview images. IMC, inner membrane complex; Ly lysosome; NE, Nuclear envelope; PPM, parasite plasma membrane; PV, parasitophorous vacuole; PVM, parasitophorous vacuole membrane; Rh, rhoptry (Bar = 10 µm). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3480447_pone-0047909-g001_161894.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Lumpsucker kidney used for isolation of leucocytes.Dissected kidney where the section used for isolation of leucocytes from the left cranial lobe is marked. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3279375_pone-0031694-g005_125587.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Epidermal and dermal radio-induced injuries in the skin of PBS-treated minipigs.Kinetic study from four iterative biopsies performed few days after each PBS-treatment in representative controls (magnification ×100). Progressive disorganisation of the epidermal layers, keratinocytes degeneration, vacuolation and barrier disruption. Numerous dermal cavities two weeks after the 4th PBS-treatment. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4279725_fig3_347499.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Intraoperative photo of lesion. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4602428_F7_432144.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | A 23-year-old man presented with a history of chest pain and shortness of breath for about 1 month. FDG-PET/CT images (A) show increased metabolic activity in the anterior middle mediastinal tumor, lymph nodes in the right supraclavicular fossa, and small bilateral pleural effusions; CT scan (B) shows that the tumor was remission at the 3-month follow-up after chemotherapy (arrow). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1217.jpg | What does this image show? | skull cap with obvious metastatic lesion seen on inner table prostate primary |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4519814_Fig2_410525.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Normal early postoperative imaging appearance in a 77-year-old woman investigated with multidetector CT 4 days after laparoscopic enucleation of a 2-cm RCC of the right kidney. Unenhanced axial image (a) showed hyperattenuating linear structures (thin arrows) corresponding to surgical sutures at the upper renal pole, and normal peri-renal fat (*). Axial nephrographic (b) and coronal excretory-phase (c) images showed a focal, wedge-shaped, non-enhancing portion of the renal cortex (arrows) with continuous renal contour corresponding to the resection site, and confirmed normal peri-renal fat planes (*) without extravasated blood and urine. Despite postoperative pain and blood loss, the patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged without further treatment |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4698757_f4_458551.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Ultrastructural studies show that W-7 collapses the demarcation membrane system.Representative images acquired by transmission electron microscopy from ultra-thin sections of a megakaryocyte treated for 15 min with (a) DMSO (vehicle control) or (b) W-7 (150 μM). The higher magnification image in (ii) is from the rectangular area shown in (i) and illustrates typical demarcation membrane system appearance within the extranuclear volume of the control megakaryocyte and its collapse following W-7 treatment. Scale bars: 10 μm in ai, 5 μm in bi and 2 μm for aii and bii. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic594.jpg | what organ system is pictured here? | skull and contents |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4538772_fig3_415207.jpg | What is shown in this image? | (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) Axial CT scans (bone window) showing multiple bone lesions involving skull base and facial bones. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4079178_F2_302815.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | MRI images. A: axial T2-weighted image; B: axial FLAIR sequence. Diffuse high signal intensity of both cerebellar hemispheres with prevalence on the right lobe (black arrows). C: axial T1-weighted image after administration of paramagnetic contrast: pial disomogeneus contrast-enhancement of both cerebellar hemispheres, more evident on the right lobe (white arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4141073_Fig2_314705.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision |
Intracorporeal circular stapling technique. A. A circular stapler is introduced into the abdomen through the left midclavicular line port which is extended to a length of 4–6 cm. B. After pneumoperitoneum is re-established, the circular stapler is inserted into the jejunum. C. Double-stapling esophagojejeunostomy is performed under direct laparoscopic view. D. Laparoscopic view after completion of the anastomosis. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzfdp44086u0z2qempb.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Center, Lower-right, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3712952_pone-0068620-g003_218194.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computed tomography images from TMP 79.14.853, Hansseusia sternbergi.Scale bar equals 5 cm. Sagittal section (A, B) of frontoparietal with arrow annotating low-density region immediately ventral to dorsal lesion (C); Coronal section (D, E) of frontoparietal dome illustrating low-density region immediately ventral to dorsal lesion (F). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glns4pv071u35kocc2o.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3523552_fig6_173639.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Control group (score 3). Rhinocytogram post-treatment. The cytologic pattern is almost unchanged from the initial assessment. Eosinophilic (pink arrow), mast cells (red arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1208889_F13_3122.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Results of PET/CT study on elliptical Torso phantom. PET variance images reconstructed using FBP (upper left) and OSEM (upper right). 1D horizontal profile through the variance image reconstructed using FBP (lower left) and reconstructed using OSEM (lower right). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4440641_pone.0127808.g005_388750.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Representative transmission electron micrographs showing the enhanced storage of intramyofibrillar glycogen in type I fibers at 24 h post exercise (B) compared with pre exercise (A), and the lower content of intermyofibrillar and intramyofibrillar glycogen at 48 h post exercise (C) compared with the control leg (D).Glycogen particles are seen as black dots. Long arrows indicate intramyofibrillar glycogen and short arrows indicate intermyofibrillar glycogen. Mi, mitochondria. Z, Z-disk. M, M-band. In the upper left corner, selected glycogen particles are shown at a higher magnification (selected region indicated by asterisk). Scale bar: 0.5 μm and 30 nm in large images and inset boxes, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4468282_fig10_397107.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Representative case of an incomplete cranial burst fracture A 3.1.1. treated with sole dorsal instrumentation. CT scans in the midsagittal plane before (a) and after (b) fracture, as well as after treatment (c) and after cyclic loading (d). Note that after treatment limited height restoration was achieved. This could not be maintained after cyclic loading. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2808.jpg | Does this image show excellent close-up of two vertebral bodies with obvious tumor teratocarcinoma primary in mediastinum? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3403947_F2_146317.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Pimonidazole immunofluorescence and64Cu-ATSM autoradiography. Pimonidazole immunofluorescence (A and C) and 64Cu-ATSM photoluminescence autoradiography (B and D) of tumor sections from a fibrosarcoma (A and B) and an undifferentiated sarcoma (C and D). The fibrosarcoma displayed high and heterogeneous pimonidazole immunofluorescence staining (A) whereas lower and more homogeneous pimonidazole staining was found in the undifferentiated sarcoma (D). A strong correlation (rs = 0.72; p < 0.001) with 64Cu-ATSM was found in the fibrosarcoma (A vs. B) whereas this was not the case in the undifferentiated sarcoma (C vs. D) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3163608_F1_106801.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | FDG PET-CT maximum intensity projection image showing three FDG-avid pulmonary nodules. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4616639_F3_435774.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Testicular adrenal rest tumor in a 10-year-old patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (patient 5). (A) Sonographic examination of the right testis revealed a clearly defined heterogeneous hypoechoic lesion (arrow), 14 mm in diameter, adjacent to the mediastinum of testis. (B) Color Doppler demonstrated marked vascularization compared with the normal testicular parenchyma (arrow). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2267.jpg | Is gastrointestinal present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4255636_F5_341578.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | PLD3 immunoreactivity in Alzheimer’s disease brains (II). PLD3 immunoreactivity was studied in Alzheimer’s disease brains by double-labeling immunohistochemistry. (a) Frontal cortex, PLD3 (brown), amyloid beta (Aβ; red), colocalization of PLD3 and Aβ (arrows). (b) Frontal cortex, PLD3 (brown), GFAP (red), reactive astrocytes do not express PLD3. (c) Frontal cortex, PLD3 (brown), CD68 (red), activated microglia do not express PLD3. (d) Hippocampal CA1 region, PLD3 (brown), AT8-tau (red), colocalization of neurofibrillary tangles and PLD3 (arrowheads). PLD, phospholipase D. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2915925_pone-0011953-g002_70644.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Identification of peroxisomal mutants.Bright field images are shown on the left panel and fluorescence images are shown on the right. Known peroxins show mislocalization of the Pot1p-GFP reporter when deleted. Partial mislocalization phenotypes are seen in pex1Δ, pex18Δ, and pex21Δ. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2747398_F0005_46374.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | A 69-year-old woman with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Axial MinIP CT scan (A) and volume rendered (B) images during the portal venous phase, demonstrate dilated and separated intrahepatic ducts. The left intrahepatic duct is involved at the 2nd confluence level which causes separation of the individual left ducts. The MRCP image (C) depicts tumor involvement suggesting a Klatskin IIIb lesion. Axial MIP portal venous phase CT scan (D) shows left portal vein invasion by the tumor, which is depicted as a defect (arrow) MinIP : minimum intensity projection MIP : maximum intensity projection |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3791574_fig3_236170.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | The images of kidney tissues (magnification ×100) in all experiment groups. More kidney tissue damages were observed in groups treated with CP alone or combination of CP and L-NAME. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4504655_F1_406713.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | (A) Occasional double-layered ductiform structures and cords of modified myoepithelial cells in a myxoid stroma compose residual pleomorphic adenoma areas. No cellular pleomorphism is present (hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), original magnification ×400). (B) Scarce Bmi-1-positive cells in remnant pleomorphic adenoma areas (original magnification, ×400). (C) Intraductal carcinoma area characterized by expanded ductiform structures lined by highly pleomorphic transformed ductal cells, occasionally with individual necrotic cells, externally bounded by a rim of bland-looking myoepithelial cells (arrows) (H&E, original magnification, ×400). (D) Bmi-1 expression in luminal transformed cells (original magnification, ×400). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC538289_F2_860.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | a-d: MRI shows a mass originating from the ileum and extending into the soft tissues both anteromedially and posterolaterally. In T1-weighted sequences the mass is isointense with muscle (a). It enhances after administration of gadolinium (b, c). In fat-suppressed T2-weighted sequences it has high signal intensity (d). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2694310_fig3_39761.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Magnetic resonance imaging of the tumor. (a) T1-weighed MRI. The mass showed mixed low and iso-intensity signals. (b) T2-weighed MRI. The mass showed mixed high and iso-intensity signals. (c) The tumor was enhanced remarkably by gadolinium. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2879550_fig3_65399.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Stomach biopsy: (a) H&EX40 (Olympus BX40)—DLBCL, (b) antibody staining CD 20+, (c) antibody staining BCL6+, (d) antibody staining Ki67+. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3552874_F4_180860.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | H & E stain. Representative section of kidney, Control group; normal tubules, glomerulus and bowman capsule (A), KBrO3 (20 mg/kg bw) group; injuries in glomeulus and bowman capsule (B), KBrO3 (20 mg/kg bw) group, tubular necrosis, tubular cell swelling, tubular dilatation (C), KBrO3 (20 mg/kg bw) group; tubular congestion (D), KBrO3 (20 mg/kg bw) + rutin (50 mg/kg bw) group (E), KBrO3 (20 mg/kg bw) + rutin (70 mg/kg bw) group (F). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1403789_F8_4874.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Co-localisation of retrograde label and c-Jun or SCG10. CTB (red) in the cell bodies of CST neurons co-localised with c-Jun (Fig. 8a) or SCG10 (Fig. 8b) (green) in coronal sections of the motor cortex (layer V), 3 days after application of LPS and simultaneous injection of CTB into the CST at C4. Note that not all layer V neurons expressing c-Jun in their nuclei also show co-localisation with CTB (Fig. 8a). There is a higher degree of co-localisation between SCG10 and CTB (Fig. 8b). Confocal microscopy; scale bar = 20 μm and applies to both images. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4362313_F2_368235.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Brain areas with significant volume reduction of white matter (WM). Green map: Control vs. PoTS, Red map: PoTS vs. Control. From left panel (−50): left middle temporal gyrus, (−34): left paracentral lobule, (−28): right postcentral gyrus, (−18): left precentral gyrus. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_75121.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | a Axial Gd-enhanced T1w MR images showing the first (top arrow) and second (bottom) BBB openings |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46307.jpg | is this a contrast or noncontrast mri? | noncontrast |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_79878.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Axial section of CT angiogram showing anomalous origin of right coronary artery from pulmonary artery (RCA: Right coronary artery, AO: Aorta, PA: Pulmonary artery) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3577457_F3_186618.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Overview (a) and detailed view (b) of the papillary renal cell carcinoma within the teratoma. The HE staining shows the typical papillary histoarchitecture with pleomorphic nuclei, fine-granular chromatin and eosinophilic cytoplasm (a, b). Immunohistochemistry (c, d) with positive immunoreactivity for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) (c) and focal positivity for renal cell carcinoma antigen (RCC) (d). Magnification: 100x (a,c,d), 400x (b). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4370679_pone.0121060.g005_370833.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunohistochemical localization of Hsp-70 protein.The results showed the insignificant HSP70 expression in the gastric tissue of rat in the ulcer control group (group A). However, microscopic observation detected overexpression of HSP70 protein in the gastric tissue of rats pretreated with omeprazole at 20 mg/kg (group B) and zerumbone at 5 and 10 mg/kg (group C and D, respectively). The antigen site appears as a brown color (IHC stain: 20x), (n = 6). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4193747_pone-0108593-g001_327015.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | SRF expression in PD effluent–derived HPMCs.(a) Phase contrast microscopy shows different morphological characteristics of HPMCs. (a1) Effluent-derived HPMCs from Group 1 patients with a cobblestone-like morphology. (a2) Effluent-derived HPMCs from Group 2 patients with mixed transitional morphology. (a3) Effluent-derived HPMCs from Group 3 patients with a fibroblast-like morphology. Magnification is 200×. (b) Differences in the EMT markers E-cadherin, α-SMA and SRF expression in HPMCs with different phenotypes from the three groups. Magnification is 200×. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3921987_F3_266488.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Pathological examinations of the thymus and lung on 28 DPC. Thymus of a piglet from Group 1 (A), Group 2 (B), and Group 5 (E) showed blurred boundaries between the thymus cortex and medulla. Thymus of a piglet from Group 3 (C), Group 4 (D) and Group 6 (F) showed no microscopic lesions (magnification × 50). Lungs of a piglet from Group 1 (G), Group 2 (H) and Group 5 (K) showed interstitial pneumonia lesions, lungs of a piglet from Group 3 (I) and Group 4 (J) showed mild interstitial pneumonia, and a Group 6 piglet (L) was normal (magnification × 200). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4625171_f3_438612.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | (a) In vivo US image of a lymph node. (b) In vivo PAT image of methylene blue dye. (c) Co-registered PAT-US image of the SLN. (d) Radiograph of ex vivo SLN showing the presence of the tissue marking clip. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuy8zuw074y92tngxrf.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03165.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Postdelivery X-ray of the pelvis demonstrating two curvilinear triangular-shaped structures composed of 2 radiopaque threads in the vaginal/rectal area. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4574315_fig2s1_424605.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | The IFC network macrophages contact CD11c positive cells.Confocal microscopy of a thick LN section from a mouse previously
injected with fluorescent gp120 and immunostained for CD169 and CD11c.
The image is centered over an IFC. Scale bar is 30 μm. Boxed areas
in left image were enlarged and shown in the right panels. Scale bars are
10 μm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06467.008 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4427007_fig2_384961.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Initial probing revealed a deep peri-implant pocket between 2 short, single-crown locking taper implants, in positions 12 and 13. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4346461_F6_363396.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT portography of Case 2 showing adequate length of the right portal vein and satisfactory angle between the main and left portal veins |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_25947.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Improved flow through the SMV and the left jejunal branch after stenting and endovascular thrombectomy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3356905_fig4_138848.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Showing intense [18F]FDG uptake (a) and the 99mTc-DMSA (V) uptake (c) at the primary site of Rt humerus. |
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