image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC3010776_F0001_82432.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Upper row: defect in the abdominal wall; the lower cut of rectus is depicted in brown and the defect in the wall in yellow in the drawing on left. Lower row: the use of Proline mesh. The mesh spans the defect and is sutured to the edge of defect, and contralateral anterior rectus sheath. The edge of the defect is depicted by broken yellow line and the mesh by green color in the drawing on left |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4464888_pone.0129439.g009_395977.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Three-dimensional ear samples viewed in different angle (each row is collected from one ear). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4435485_fig6_387282.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Effect of pig CSF1-Fc on liver and spleen pathology. Mice were
injected with PBS or 1 µg/g pig CSF1-Fc for four days prior to
sacrifice on day 5. The spleen (a) and liver (b) were removed
post-mortem and placed in 10% formal saline prior to sections being cut and
stained with H&E for blind histological examination. Representative
images are shown. F, follicle; MZ, marginal zone; RP,red pulp.
Arrows represent sinusoidal infiltrate. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4590394_F2_428969.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Poly vinyl alcohol particle angioembolisation.a): Digital subtraction angiography image showing catheter tip in one of the jejunal branch of superior mesenteric artery. b): Subsequent angiogram showed active bleeding in one of the distal jejunal branch of superior mesenteric artery marked by circle. c): Superselective cannulation of bleeding vessel by further manipulation of microcatheter. d) Post particle embolisation angiogram showing complete cessation of bleeding marked by circle (Note: compare with Fig.2b). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3580566_F4_187551.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Lymphocytic infiltrates in the salivary glands. Representative images for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and CD3/B220 staining for saline-, rAAV2-LacZ-, and rAAV2-IL27-treated groups at 20 weeks after gene delivery in pre-disease and clinical disease groups. H&E images were taken at ×6 magnification and immunofluorescence staining images of lymphocytic infiltrates with anti-CD3 to detect T cells (green) and anti-B220 to detect B cells (red) were taken at ×100 magnification with a Zeiss Axiovert 200 M microscope. IL-27, rAAV2-IL27-treated groups; LacZ, rAAV2-LacZ-treated groups; Saline, saline-treated groups. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3462747_pone-0046698-g004_158385.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Expression of the M2 marker CD206 by MPs at site of transplantation.GFP-MPCs were injected with or without MPs which were labelled with PKH26 before the cotransplantation into mdx muscle. Immunolabellings of CD206 (magenta) were performed on sections at day 5 after transplantation. Green = MPCs, cyan = PKH-labelled MPS, blue = Hoechst). Arrows show colocalization of cyan and magenta stainings (white) indicating the expression of CD206 by transplanted MPs. Two examples from different muscles are given. Bar = 10 µm. Inserts on the right panel represent higher magnification of the fields delimited by rectangles. Bar = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3847299_F7_247481.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Metachronous skull eosinophilic granuloma. Patient 27 presented with a tender palpable frontal mass 16 months after he had been treated for nasopharangeal carcinoma. Radiography of the skull demonstrated two bony erosions (arrows in a) in his frontal and occipital bone. The lesions were contrast-enhanced on the magnetic resonance image (arrow in b and c). Histological examination demonstrated Langerhans cells and eosinophils with positive immunohistochemistry for S100 and CD1a. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3359959_F2_139292.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Long standing anterior/posterior (A/P) radiograph. This single view A/P film of both extremities with the patient standing allows for assessment of the extent of FD in both legs, hip angulation, and for potential limb length discrepancy. This radiograph demonstrates involvement of both femurs, both tibias, and early deformity of the upper right femur with decreasing neck-shaft angle. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3217983_pone-0027448-g004_115992.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Micro-CT volumetric integration: anterior and posterior views. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic52991.jpg | what organ system is evaluated primarily? | lung, mediastinum, pleura |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3034718_pone-0016091-g010_86500.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Tungsten wire knife induced cervical spinal lesion at 30-days post-injury.(A & C) Sagittal and coronal T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) images. Arrows indicate fluid filled cyst as confirmed by Prussian blue and Nissl stained histological sections(E & F). (B & D) Sagittal and coronal proton density-weighted TSE images. Arrows indicates the visible gray matter tracts. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3099218_fig1_96515.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Noncontrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan showing the 9.2 × 7.6 cm soft tissue mass arising from the left adrenal gland (white arrow). (a) Transverse image, (b) Axial image. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4607499_pone.0137977.g004_433859.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Z-statistic images showing clusters of significantly increased RSFC (p < 0.05, cluster-level FWE corrected) in the effective AMPS vs. sham stimulation for the nuclei striati (a) and the cerebellum (b).Seed regions of interest are red-coloured in the panels on the left. MNI coordinates (x, y, z) of the maximal Z-scores are presented in Table 3. Coronal and axial views follow the neurological convention. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3660526_pone-0064619-g003_206038.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | RPE cells die from exposure to oxidative agents, but IFNγ and TNFα reduce the level of NaIO3/H2O2-induced death.Micrographs of RPE cells cultured in fresh medium (Ctr) or with 2 mM H2O2 or 1 mM NaIO3 for 24 hours, alone or with IFNγ, TNFα, IFNγ+TNFα, or 50% PCM added. All micrographs were taken at 100× magnification and are representative of the entire well. At least three replicates were performed for each treatment. Black bar in upper left image, 100 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03568.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple new lacunar infarcts in subcortical white matter of right cerebral hemisphere |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3222648_pone-0027601-g005_116707.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Localisation of kisspeptin receptor-LI in mouse heart.Representative photomicrographs showing peroxidase anti-peroxidase staining for (A) kisspeptin receptor-LI and (B) kisspeptin-LI in vascular and endocardial endothelial cells in mouse heart. In wild type mice kisspeptin receptor-LI (green fluorescence, C) and von-Willebrand factor-LI (red fluorescence D) co-localised (E) to vascular endothelial cells with receptor-LI also localised to adjacent cardiomyocytes whereas (F) no receptor-LI was detected in heart from Kiss1r
−/− mice although endothelial cells could be visualized (G, H). Similarly, kisspeptin co-localised with von Willebrand factor in vascular endothelial cells (I–K) but was absent in heart tissue from Kiss1
−/− mice (L–M). Scale bars are 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3258235_pone-0029458-g003_122017.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunohistochemistry on normal human lacrimal gland.H&E staining shows the normal histology of the lacrimal gland. Marker staining pattern shows localization of pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and lysozyme (Lzy) in the cytoplasm of the acinar cells while c-kit is seen in the plasma membrane of acinar cells. p63, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein and ∝-SMA localize in the myoepithelial cells enveloping the acinar cells. Vimentin is seen in the myoepithelial cells and also in some of the acinar cells. All images are at 40× magnification except H&E which is at 10×. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01698.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Chest X-ray showing complete resolution of symptoms at the end of anti-biotic therapy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4051629_pone-0097156-g008_296340.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Scanning electron micrographs of D. parasaltans terminalia.(A) AA = aedeagus apex, C = cercus, E = epandrium, H = hypandrium, S = surstylus, VP = ventral paramere, (152× magnification); (B) S = surstylus, (858× magnification); (C) H = hypandrium, AC = aedeagus cape, recesses in aedeagus (arrow heads), (532× magnification); (D) A = apodeme, AA = aedeagus apex, VPA = ventral paramere of the aedeagus, (206× magnification). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06583.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Right renal angiogram shows multiple punctate bleeding vessels (arrow) in all regions of the kidney, suggesting the presence of an enlarging subcapsular hematoma |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1821.jpg | Does polycystic disease show thyroid gland, normal? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4498793_pone.0131552.g001_405127.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Automatic segmentation of CoGM at 30 (top) and 40 weeks PMA (bottom) for the same patient, shown in four slices of the T2-weighted images.Note that, because of the limited resolution, CSF inside the sulci was not always visible, which resulted in local overestimation of cortical thickness. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3617157_pone-0061131-g003_196815.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Bcell growth on A. niger mycelia.Microscopic images (2000× magnification) of Bcell culture growing on A. niger mycelia; same field with dark field epifluorescence. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4350337_F7_364177.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | pPNET in a 9-year-old boyPrecontrast CT images showed bony destruction in the right distal femur with irregular iso-dense masses in the marrow cavity and cortex (A and B). Precontrast MRI showed the irregular mass was hypo-intense on T1WI (C and E) and hyper-intense on T2WI (F). Contrast MRI showed the mass had significant enhancement (D and G). (H & E) staining (H ×100) showed the tumor tissue consisted of poorly differentiated small round cells. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4317524_Fig1_355672.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. |
Pre-operative view of patient.
1. Pre-operative extraoral and intraoral photographs. 2. Pre-operative Skull lateral and AP views, Panoramic view. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2881.jpg | Does this image show hepatitis b virus, hepatocellular carcinoma? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3745982_fig1_225287.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | PET scan obtained to evaluate and stage the extent of histologically confirmed local recurrence of left lower leg soft tissue sarcoma. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2772048_F0009_49951.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Right frontal lesion appears less bright and right frontoparietal lesion brighter with increased in volume (first follow-up study of same patient done 35 days after acute onset) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3342091_F5_136368.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Radiographic improvement following smoking cessation. The chest CT images on the left side were performed in an active one pack/day 37 year old smoker with biopsy-proven PLCH. The representative chest CT images demonstrate diffuse nodular infiltrates in both upper and lower lung fields. The patient quit smoking 2 months after the first chest CT was performed. The representative chest CT images on the right side were performed one year after the first chest CT was obtained, and show considerable improvement in the nodular infiltrates following smoking cessation. The patient did not receive corticosteroid or other immunosuppressive therapy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3885536_pone-0084081-g001_257448.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | 3D MRSI voxel localization in SN region for rostral slice. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2682759_pone-0005689-g002_38532.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | TNFα expression in silicotic lung is predominantly identified in macrophages.Panel A show low photomicrograph (×200) of lung tissue isolated from a silica exposed subject at the time of lung transplantation. Lung parenchyma is replaced by silicotic nodule characterized by a dense palisade of fibroblast surrounding a central fibrinous core that is devoided of cells and abuts the distal airway. Alveolar macrophages accumulate in relatively normal alveolar areas adjacent to the silicotic nodule (circle). Panel B show high (×400) magnification of the area identified in panel A, illustrating immunochemistry signal with anti-TNFα antibody that is confined to cells with macrophage morphology. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2725295_pone-0006719-g007_43276.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | NUP98-HOXA9 and NUP98-HOXA9/N51S have similar effects on human CFC morphology.Primary human CD34+ cells were retrovirally transduced with either control MSCV-IRES-GFP vector or vector expressing NUP98-HOXA9, NUP98-HOXA9/N51S, HOXA9, or HOXA9ΔN, and cells were sorted for GFP positivity. One thousand cells were seeded into each of two duplicate plates for CFC assay and the experiment was repeated 3–4 independent times. Representative plates without magnification (left) and low power photomicrographs of representative erythroid colonies (right) are shown. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61624.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | EUS-guided wire cannulation of larger (disconnected) pancreatic fluid collection, which opacified only with EUS-guided transgastric contrast injection but not with transpapillary injection, consistent with ductal discommunication. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3696957_F3_214746.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Significant fMRI clusters predicted by the interaction between gender and binge-drinking status (N = 95). Areas in blue indicate where female binge drinkers demonstrated significantly reduced BOLD response during the spatial working memory task compared to female controls, while male binge drinkers demonstrated increased BOLD response (adapted fromSqueglia et al., 2011). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3791392_F5_236122.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | TRPV1 immunoreactive nerve endings identified in mouse colonic myenteric ganglia and circular smooth muscle. (A–C) Show dense TRPV1 varicose fibers innervate myenteric ganglia and circular muscle. The arrow in (A) shows the ending of a varicose TRPV1 positive nerve ending that lacks complex morphological specialization. (D) Shows a higher magnification (40× water immersion lens) of the dense TRPV1 positive varicose axons that ramify within myenteric ganglia. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qw1fcr0832b2q41nt8.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | >20mm |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4350840_pone.0118704.g002_364323.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Glomerular tissue factor expression in biopsy tissues.(A) Representative tissue factor expression patterns of renal biopsy tissues as shown by immunostaining. All patients, except those with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), had thrombinuria. (a) Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CresGN); (b) control staining of CresGN with normal mouse IgG; (c) membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; (d) IgA nephropathy; (e) AGN; (f) minimal change glomerulopathy; (g) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; and (h) membranous nephropathy. Mφ indicates monocytes/macrophages; Epithelial, epithelial cells; and Mesangium, mesangial areas. The broken line in (a) outlines a cellular crescent. (B) Double-staining pattern of CD68 (macrophages) and tissue factor in the CresGN glomerulus. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_31995.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Pulmonary CT scan shows extensive ground glass opacities. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3626553_F2_198488.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (a,b) Ultrasound image of left thyroid lobe with the infiltration of small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma in 57-year-old female with SLL-B/CLL-B. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1107.jpg | Is soft tissue present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4656244_Fig9_446800.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
a Coronal MIP MDCT image showing concurrent appearance of right (arrow) and left IVC in the infrarenal segment (asterix) b Coronal MIP MDCT image showing left IVC joining the right IVC (arrow) at the renal level and right IVC draining into the right atrium following the intrahepatic segment (asterix) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06636.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Apical two-chamber view showing the isolated diverticulum. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4527728_pntd.0003945.g005_412785.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Magnetic resonance imaging of chagasic mice.(A) Representative magnetic resonance images in diastole. A sequence of images from the same animal is shown in each line. Observe the enlargement of the right ventricle (RV) in the placebo group. (B) RV end-diastolic volume (EDV) was significantly higher in placebo-treated when compared to ASC-treated animals. (C) RV end-systolic volume (ESV) was significantly higher in placebo-treated when compared to ASC-treated and non-infected mice. No differences were found in RV ejection fraction (EF) (D) or in left ventricular EDV (E), ESV (F) or EF (G) (*p<0.05, non-infec n = 3, placebo n = 6, ASC n = 6 for all parameters). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3300079_F3_129522.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Follow-up 18F-FDG PET-CT study revealed reduced wall enhancement under immunosuppressive therapy. (A), (B) Resolution of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake after immunosuppressive treatment. (C), (D) T2-weighted images and magnetic resonance angiography appear normal except for infrarenal aorta aneurysm. (E) Improvement of metabolism in the left temporal region. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4438190_fig5_388063.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
In vitro coculture of human Progenitor Perivascular Cells (hPPCs) and endothelial cells on Matrigel. (a)–(d) When cocultured with HUVECs (a), hPPCs (b) are able to exert the role of pericytes by incorporating in network-like structures and aligning with endothelial cells, as shown in merged images ((c) and (d) in greater detail); images are representative of 3 experiments of the 24-hour coculture. Before seeding, cells were labeled with fluorescent vital dyes, green PKH2 (hPPCs) and red PKH26 (HUVECs). (e)-(f) Culture of HUVECs alone results in degenerated network-like structures within 24 hours as shown in (e) (red fluorescence) and (f) (phase contrast). 40x magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4597381_Fig1_430934.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | General histology and immunohistochemistry for IFITM3 and DDX4 proteins in endometriotic cysts. a Hematoxylin-eosin general view of the wall of the endometriotic cyst, b. General view of an endometriotic cyst showing large amounts of haemorrhagic debris (arrows), c. General view of IFITM3 immunodetection with detection of sparse cells with specific signals (inset), d. DDX4 immunohistochemistry also enabled to detect dispersed cells showing positive reaction (inset), e. Normal endometrial tissue showing no positive cells for IFITM3, and f. Normal endometrial tissue negative for DDX4 immunohistochemistry. Bar = 50 μm |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3860890_F2_251206.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT angiography scan showing the continuation of the interrupted inferior vena cava into the azygos vein with a narrow connection (arrow) in a patient with hypoplastic right ventricle. AV, azygos vein; IVC, inferior vena cava; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; SVC, superior vena cava. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4333271_fig4_360066.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | 64-year-old patient with known melanoma. (a) Unenhanced CT showing left homogeneous adrenal mass, with poorly defined margins. (b) 18-F-FDG PET/CT showing intensive FDG uptake of the left adrenal mass with an SUVmax measured at 8.1. Histologic diagnosis: adrenal metastases of melanoma. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08539.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Chest computed tomography (CT) scan. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14597.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | The portal vein is identified in antrum of stomach and the union of splenic vein with superior mesenteric vein can be seen. In this picture the common bile duct is seen beyond the confluence through the pancreatic window. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4440737_pone.0126346.g003_388784.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | The cross correlation filter suppresses faint lines.(a) original. The lines in question are discernible to the human eye but contrast is low. (b) normalized cross correlation. Contrast is greatly enhanced but faint lines are severed by crossing bright lines (c) line Gaussians. Contrast and overall brightness are enhanced. Especially, faint lines crossing bright lines are not suppressed. A line illustration these findings particularly well is running from the upper left to the lower right. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4254464_pone-0113589-g003_341347.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Axial oblique MPR images of the colon in a 47-year-old man (BMI = 24.7) with T4a sigmoid colon cancer.(A, B) VNE and TNE images show similar pictures of focal bowel wall thickening in the sigmoid colon with irregular outer border and obvious pericolonic fat infiltration. (C, D) Iodine image and enhanced WA image during the portal venous phase show transmural enhancement of the sigmoid colon cancer with irregular outer border, enhanced pericolonic fat infiltration, and direct invasion to the adjacent visceral peritoneum (arrow). These findings suggest pathologic stage T4a. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3638503_fig2_201584.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | H&E stain, low (a) and high (b) power microscopic views. Intramucosal micronodules, shaped in a characteristic whorled pattern with concentric growth. Cells are epithelioid to spindle shaped with mild cytologic atypia. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1450.jpg | Is endocrine present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3936927_F1_270027.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Preoperative transesophageal echocardiogram and gross operative findings. A. The tricuspid valve had prolapsed leaflets with coaptation failure and a mobile mass of 2.4 cm × 0.8 cm (white arrow) attached to the ventricular septum under the valve. B. An abscess lump (white arrow) was attached to ventricular septum; it was just at the base of the disrupted medial papillary muscle. (AV = aortic valve; RA = right atrium; RV = right ventricle). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_09670.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Sagittal reformation of contrast enhanced CT in a patient with complete hydatiform mole shows a large low attenuation, central uterine mass with intact surrounding myometrium. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4214508_f2-ol-08-06-2672_331622.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Bone marrow biopsy demonstrating aggregated metastatic cells of colon carcinoma, which were strongly positive for pan-cytokeratin. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×200. (B) Immunohistochemistry for pan-cytokeratin; magnification, ×400. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4332218_fig03_359781.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Immunoflourescence of mouse renal cortical sections fixed in situ showing (in red) ET receptors A (top) and ETB (bottom) in the afferent arteriole (aa) within the juxtaglomerular apparatus next to the glomerulus (G) using antibodies selective for each (see text). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4285740_F10_348876.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Visual assessment of the effect of noise on MK maps. The MK map that was calculated from the full dataset (SNR100) was used as pseudo ground truth and compared to MK maps, which were calculated with 50% of the original data (original SNR25) and 50% of the denoised data (msPOAS SNR25) data. Arrows highlight tissue boundaries, which were less distinctive for low-SNR data and better after processing with msPOAS. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3191180_pone-0026129-g007_111467.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Concanamycin A interferes with cell plate formation.(A–F) Fluorescence imaging of root cells. The cell outlines were stained with FM4-64. Compared with the expanding cell plates in controls (A), (C) and (E), ConcA treatment for 2 h induced intracellular accumulation of GFP-KNOLLE (B), GFP-VAMP721 (D), and GFP-VAMP722 (F), and prevented the cell plate formation indicated with arrowheads in (B), (D), and (F). Bars = 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4282104_fig03_348005.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Regions showing differences of gray matter volume between the three groups (main effect of group: controls > SDTx > MDTx); (a) inferior frontal gyrus; (b) inferior parietal lobule; (c) medial frontal gyrus; (d) posterior insula; (e) inferior frontal gyrus (BA47). Clusters are shown using a height threshold of P < 0.0001 uncorrected, for illustrative purposes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4664921_f2_448902.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | (A) Conventional x-ray transmission radiograms of five control mice (animals 1–5, top row) and five mice with pulmonary fibrosis (animals 6–10, bottom row). (B) X-ray dark-field radiograms of the same animals. The scale bar corresponds to 5 mm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_31123.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Venous flow with minor abnormality (grade 2). Colour flow image from the right femoral vein (rcfv) of the patient in figure 7 (case study C). Note that venous blood flow (as indicated in colour flow image) beneath the sinus remains satisfactory (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3678634_f1-ol-05-05-1509_210346.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Endoscopic examination prior to chemotherapy. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4043785_pone-0098559-g004_294036.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Histopathological assessment of the anti-osteoporosis effect of sophoricoside.Normal group (A) shows normal bony tissue with intact well-formed dense trabeculae (star in the inner panel) with osteoblastic rimming (arrow) and average intervening bone marrow. OVX group (B) showed scant, disconnected (arrow in inner panel), thin (arrow in the outer panel), and widely separated trabeculae (double-headed arrow in the outer panel) with eroded surface (star in the outer panel). Estrogen treated group (C) showed widely distributed osteoid and osteoblastic rimming (arrow). SPH-15 group (D) showed thick trabeculae (double-headed arrow), more osteoid, and osteoblastic activity (arrow). SPH-30 group (E) showed thick trabeculae (double-headed arrow), more osteoid and osteoblastic activity (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4494462_FIG4_403799.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Skull base target detection (microsurgical anatomy).Fine structures of cranial nerves obtained with MR heavy T2-images reconstructed using DICOM image analysis software. A: The optic chiasm (OC) and oculomotor nerve (arrows). B: The oculomotor nerve (arrow) close to a tumor (T). C: The trigeminal nerve (5th) and abducens nerve (6th). D: The facial nerve (7th), superior vestibular (sup) and inferior vestibular (inf) nerves, cochlea (co), and cochlear nerve. (Recommend to use magnified view) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4101966_fig3_306920.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Representative pictures showing the effects of the cholinergic lesion on the basal forebrain. The normal group had numerous ChAT immunopositive neurons in the MS (a). The lesion (b), implantation (c), and stimulation (d) groups displayed a loss of cholinergic neurons in the MS. Scale bar represents 500 μm. ChAT: choline acetyltransferase; MS: medial septum. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4602890_F2_432501.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | A 54-years-old man with intestinal type gastric carcinoma. CECT axial images showed localized gastric wall thickening (A, green arrow), a right lung nodule of 15 mm suspected for metastases (B, blue arrow) and a osteolytic lesion in the right femoral head doubtful for herniation pit (C, red arrow). 18F-FDG PET/CT axial PET and fused images confirmed the gastric lesion with SUVmax of 4.8 (D, G) but did not showed any 18F-FDG uptake in the lung nodule (E, H) and in the right femoral head (F, I). CECT = contrast enhancement computed tomography, 18F-FDG PET/CT = fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, SUV = standardized uptake value. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3146455_F6_103902.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | EGFP fluorescence in transgenic F1 zebrafish: Panel A: Germline expression of EGFP fluorescence in zebrafish embryos with DNA from APPb:EGFP BAC clone 15. Panel B shows the germline expression of EGFP fluorescence with DNA from APPb:EGFP BAC 27, and Panel C shows germline expression from fgf24:EGFP BAC clone 37. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3997683_f1-ol-07-05-1679_283696.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Cervical CT scan reveals a separated, well-defined and hypodense mass in the root region of the tongue. (A) The mass located within the hyoglossus muscle of the tongue and upon the hyoid bone. (B) Cervical CT scan reveals the diameter of the mass. CT, computed tomography. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4380961_fig01_373638.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Immunohistochemical staining of IGF-axis proteins in breast cancer tissue. Negative and positive staining for IGF1, IGF1R, IGFBP2, and IGFBP3 expression. Individual tissue cores at 20× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3964671_fig2_276305.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Histology slides: granulomatous inflammation with central necrosis (40× magnification; left) and granuloma in the centre of the picture and caseation in the bottom right (200× magnification; right) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3514543_F7_170653.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Functional MRI data showing changes in covariation of BOLD activity with increasing pitch interval size during pre-training as a function of the individual rate of learning during training (i.e., behavioral data shown in Figure 4). (A) Passive task. (B) Active task. In both tasks, auditory cortical areas respond more to increasing pitch interval size in those individuals who subsequently showed faster learning. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3299791_pone-0033472-g007_129508.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Time-lapse analysis of NSCs mixing upon differentiation.The intermixing of GFP-positive and GFP-negative NSCs during differentiation was monitored by time-lapse microscopy. Images of the differentiating cells were taken by phase contrast microscopy (A), or by fluorescence microscopy to detect the green fluorescent signal (B). A merge of the two series of images (C) illustrates how differentiated GFP-positive and GFP-negative migrate and mix during the first 72 h of differentiation. Representative pictures from ΔCR NSCs are shown. Scale bars = 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4118417_f4-sensors-14-10562_310637.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Example of multimodal images from the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BRATS) data set (top row) and their corresponding diffusion-map images (bottom row). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q31egf0832a34z2u29.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | < 5mm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3078858_F1_92663.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Angiograms of the IVC before and after PTA. The IVC showed marked narrowing before PTA (A: black arrow). A balloon catheter was inserted into the right femoral vein, and the stricture of the IVC at the level of the liver was dilated using a 12 × 40 mm balloon catheter. After the first PTA, the stenosis was significantly improved (B: white arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2989510_F0002_79209.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT scan axial cut and sagittal reconstruction shows a pincer fracture of the vertebral body |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46876.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Control computed tomography after chemotherapy—massive pleural effusion in left pleural space. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4260507_F11_342935.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Sample tractography selection for the inferior fronto-occipital tract (IFO) from the untilted motion-free dataset as well as selections from motion-corrected datasets with 10, 30, and 70% corrupted gradient directions. Correction choices shown include outlier-based (i.e., motion scrubbing) and registration-based (using baseline and model-based reference volumes). Note that motion scrubbing cannot recover long tracts such as IFO beyond 10% motion corruption. Further, motion-based motion correction tends to recover longer tracts at high motion corruption compared to baseline-based correction. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_45539.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Parasternal long axis view with saline contrast injected into the left antecubital vein demonstrating immediate filling of the coronary sinus consistent with the presence of a persistent left superior vena cava.* Filling of coronary sinus. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4619012_Fig1_436561.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The dynamic leaf color variation of whs18 under field condition. a Etiolated leaf b Albino leaf c Strip white leaf d Stereo leaf color performance |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4033817_Fig2_291763.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | a and b Preoperative X-ray AP and lateral view showing displaced fracture of the shaft of the humerus, left side, in a 26-year-old female patient. c Immediate postoperative X-ray showing plate osteosynthesis with 4.5-mm LCP. d Postoperative X-ray at 12-week follow-up visit showing a well-uniting fracture |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3880276_pone-0083908-g002_256406.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Rapamycin treatment reduces cholangiocytes proliferation and ECM deposition in BDL-Ra rats.Representative liver sections of (A) SHAM, (B) SHAM-Ra, (C) BDL, and (D) BDL-Ra rats, following HE-staining (magnification 100× and 400×, respectively). Representative microphotographs of Masson-stained liver sections from (E) SHAM, (F) SHAM-Ra, (G) BDL, and (H) BDL-Ra rats (magnification 40× and 200×, respectively). Graphs (I) and (J): Quantitative analysis of HE and Masson staining in representative liver sections respectively (mean±SEM; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.005; ns - nonsignificant). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3279508_F3_125703.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Chest radiography shows a soft tissue lesion at left apex. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3511411_pone-0051175-g001_169803.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Sampling sites and experimental strategy.Stars (<$>\vskip -1 \scale 60%\raster="rg1"<$>) mark sampling points in the lagoon system. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3770060_fig5_231070.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | X-ray picture 48 months after surgery. No differences in marginal bone level changes can be observed from 12 to 48 months after surgery. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4338073_pone.0115736.g001_361563.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Bat cells cleave cathepsin-dependant Hendra virus F and furin-dependant PIV5 F.(A) Cells were transfected with pCAGGS-Hendra virus F or pCAGGS-PIV5 F and 18–24 hours post transfection, metabolically labeled with Tran 35S for 3 hours at 37°C. Following labeling, cells were lysed and immunoprecipitated. Proteins were analyzed by 10%SDS-PAGE and visualized by autoradiography. (B) Cells were transfected with Hendra virus F or PIV5 F alone or in combination with Hendra virus G or PIV5 HN. 24 to 48 hours post transfection, cells were washed and images were taken using a Nikon digital camera mounted atop a Nikon TS100 microscope with 10x objective. Arrows indicate syncytia. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3410790_F6_147876.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Delayed systemic treatment with CR8 reduces chronic inflammatory protein expression at 4 months post-SCI. (A) Double-labeling immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of PCNA (b) and OX42 (e), and their co-localization (h) in the injured tissue at 4 months post-injury. Delayed systemic CR8 treatment reduced immunoreactivity in both PCNA and OX42 (c, f, i). (B) SCI induced the increase of expression of Iba-1 and p22PHOX in contrast to sham tissue (c-d), whereas these increases were attenuated by CR8 treatment (e-f). Scale bars = 500 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45189.jpg | which plane is the image shown in? | sagittal |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3882279_pone-0084935-g003_256889.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunostaining of MMP-7 within atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic vessels.Immuhistochemistry of MMP-7 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques (n = 8, symptoms within the recent 2 months) shows strong immunostaining. Representative images obtained with 100× A and 400× magnification (highlighted, with arrows on positive cells). Panel B shows no or weak immunostaining of MMP-7 in non-atherosclerotic carotid artery obtained from autopsies (n = 5). Panel C shows double immunofluorescent staining of MMP-7 (green fluorescence), CD68 (macrophages, red fluorescence) and nucleus (DAPI, blue fluorescence) from carotid atherosclerotic plaques (n = 4). The lower right panel is a merge of the three pictures. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic17898.jpg | is this a t1 weighted image? | no |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3765775_F1_230141.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Scale bar – 1 cm. A Ginkgophyte leaf, Hangviller (Ba19). B Ginkgophyte seedling, stage II,, Adamswiller (Ba23). C Ginkgophyte seedling in transition from stage III to IV, taproot broken, Adamswiller (Ba32). D Ginkgophyte seedling, transition from stage III to IV, Adamswiller (Ba22). E Ginkgophyte seedling, stage IV, top of Figure 1G, Adamswiller (Ba27). F Ginkgophyte seedling, transition from stage II to IV, Adamswiller (Ba26). G Ginkgophyte seedling, stage IV, Adamswiller (Ba27, back side). H Ginkgophyte seedling in transition from stage III to IV, Adamswiller (Ba 24). (c) attachment of cotyledon; (tr) taproot; (sr) secondary root; (s) seed; (h) hypocotyl); (pl) primary leaves. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4555453_fig1_419376.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI (coronal T1 and STIR) showing a collection of 51 × 23 mm with bone edema in the humerus supratrochlear region with apparent cortical integrity. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_54760.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Initial chest radiograph, posterior-anterior view, showing hazy airspace opacification of the lower lobes bilaterally. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4461262_pone.0129381.g005_394906.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | CCL2 does not induce pore formation in the intestinal apical plasma membrane.(A-C) C. elegans L4 larvae expressing PGP-1::GFP were fed on control (empty vector pQE30) (A), Cry21A- (B) or CCL2- (C) expressing E. coli for 24 h, transferred into wells containing propidium iodide (PI; red) for 2 h and observed using confocal microscopy. Cry21A is a pore-forming toxin of B. thuringiensis [31]. PI entered the intestinal cytoplasm of Cry21A-fed (B), but not of control- (A) or CCL2- (C) fed animals. Scale bar: 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4229505_f0045_335582.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) produced from tractography results of DW-SSFP data. MIPs are overlain on 7 T structural data. The left column is results from a typical 3 T dataset; the right, 7 T. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3596751_jbr-27-01-023-g001_191528.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Expressions of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (A) and fibulin-5 (B) by immunohistochemistry (magnification: ×400; scale bar: 50 µm).Positive expression was indicated by brown-yellow granules in the cardinal ligament tissues of patients with pelvic organ prolapse. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3612441_fig3_195667.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | X-ray showing sclerosis of terminal phalanges. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3878408_F3_255758.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT scan after fracture infliction, axial and sagittal plane. Incomplete burst fracture with involvement of anterior and middle column was produced in all used specimens. |
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