image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC2705791_pone-0006238-g007_41080.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Fluorescence micrographs of lipid monolayers at the air/water interface.The monolayers are composed of DOPC/sphingomyelin/cholesterol/Gb3 in a molar ratio of 40∶35∶20∶5 doped with 1 mol% Bodipy-PC at a surface pressure of around 30 mN m−1. (A) Cy3-fluorescence image indicating binding of Cy3-labeled W34A-STxB to the l
o-phase domains. Scale bar: 50 µm. (B) Corresponding Bodipy-PC fluorescence. Scale bar: 50 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4028486_f5-ceg-7-133_290212.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Example images of a suspected early cancer of the gastric antrum, imaged using standard WLE (A) and AFI (B), to demonstrate the contrast enhancement provided by AFI (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).Notes: Images provided courtesy of Dr Chizu Yokoi, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.Abbreviations: AFI, autofluorescence imaging; WLE, white-light endoscopy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4164887_F10_320415.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Histopathology finding of sever dysplasia, describes changes from basal layer to upper and middle layer of epithelium (A: magnification ×100, B: magnification ×400). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3849417_fig4_248009.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | hFSCs Do Not Form Teratomas and Differentiate into Cells of the Foregut Only(A) Large cystic hFSC outgrowth under the kidney capsule of a NOD-SCID mouse.(B) Cryosection of a hFSC outgrowth showing large cystic structures lined with epithelial cells.(C) Immunocytochemistry showing foregut outgrowths expressing EpCAM, PDX1, AFP, and NKX2.1.Scale bars, 100 μm or 50 μm as shown. See also Figure S4. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3038615_fig6_86967.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | A 70-year-old female was admitted due to progressive paraparesis, paresthesias, and urinary retention for 2 months. After 2-year of ATT, her situation improved. The MRI changes are as follows: (a) sagittal T2-weighted image reveals a long, high intensity signal from C1 to T1 in the spinal cord before treatment regimen, (b) T1W contrast image showing patchy enhancement and thickening of the cord, (c) the diffuse lesions on axial T2-weighted images, (d) a year later the swelling of the cervical spinal cord disappeared on sagittal T1-weighted images, (e) the hyperintensity resolved following 1 year of ATT, and (f) no lesion is visible on axial T2-weighted images. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2859068_pone-0010335-g003_62803.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Representative images showing mucosal differences of IRF9 KO mice.The images shown are from C57BL/6 WT and IRF9 KO mice (Tissue sections from BALB/c and STAT1 KO mice were equivalent to C57BL/6 WT mice in all cases and are not shown). Relative to the other strains, IRF9 KO mice showed a marked increase in presence of brown stained CD3 positive cells (T-cells) and Gr-1 positive cells (neutrophils) in both the mucosa and lymphatic nodules of the large intestine. No discernible differences were seen between the four mouse stains in H&E- or Iba1-stained (macrophage) sections of the large intestine. Images taken at 63× magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04653.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A well-defined metallic density linear foreign body in right orbital cavity medially with perifocal streak artefacts involving right eyeball and retrobulbar region just caudal to medial rectus muscle extending to involve medial wall of right bony orbit to ethmoid sinus |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4296633_f13_350902.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Final periapical radiographs. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3874367_fig6_254540.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Saccular aortic root aneurysm—(a) short axis reconstructed CT image showing a giant aneurysm of the aortic root, originating from the right sinus of Valsalva. (b) Coronal reconstructed CT image shows the saccular aneurysm with narrow neck originating from the right sinus of Valsalva. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_26965.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Failure opacification of intrahepatic biliary tracts and of common biliary duct. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07860.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Axial view at upper forearm reveals normal fascicular morphology of the right ulnar nerve (cross-sectional area=4.2 mm2). In the figure, the nerve rests on flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) lies laterally and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) is medial to the nerve. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl8s41r071uhqlybr1o.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3285669_pone-0032249-g005_127291.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Enhanced VEGF-A expression in β cells but not α cells in TG mice.(A) Double immunostaining of VEGF-A with insulin or glucagon in pancreatic sections from TG mice and control mice. Enhanced VEGF-A staining (red) in TG mice is completely merged with insulin staining (green to yellow) but not with glucagon staining (green). (B) Quantitative analysis of VEGF-A staining levels in the islets of TG and control mice. We measured the staining levels of VEGF-A per unit area by using NIS-Elements (Nikon) and Image-J (NIH). Six mice were analyzed for each genotype and representative images are shown. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3293029_F9_128258.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Anteroposterior radiograph one year after the surgery, showing the fracture consolidation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4491564_fig1_402963.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | CT and MRI images. (a) Transverse section images of CT on admission showing the swelling of the left rhomboideus muscle and the presence of solitary LDA around a contrast enhancement in this muscle. (b) Coronal section images of CT on admission showing the presence of solitary LDA around a contrast enhancement in the left rhomboideus muscle. (c, d) Transverse section images of CT after drainage showing the residual LDA in the left rhomboideus muscle. (e) T1 weighted MRI images showing no abnormalities in the left rhomboideus muscle. (f) T2 weighted MRI images showing no abnormalities in the left rhomboideus muscle. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0411.jpg | Does the dermis show noncaseating epithelioid granulomas having Langhans ' giant cells and paucity of lymphocytes, termed as naked granulomas? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1892806_pone-0000569-g002_11725.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Representative abdominal MRI image, liver scans and 1H-MRS of soleus muscle spectra from one Caucasian, one African American, and one Hispanic boy. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3036654_pone-0016520-g001_86702.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Anatomic structures used for registration highlighted on 3D CBCT models.Anatomic structures used for the registration highlighted on the 3D CBCT models. (A) Anterior cranial base. (B) left zygomatic arch. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1420290_F5_4936.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Distribution of FITC-labelled siRNA and asODN in mouse lung. FITC-labelled asODN (a) and siRNA (b) (160 μg/mouse) were complexed to GL67 and "sniffed" into mouse lung. One or 24 hours after transfection the lungs were paraffin-embedded and processed for confocal microscopy. Nuclei are shown in blue, FITC signal is shown in green. Arrow indicates alveolar macrophage. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4026863_fig4_289947.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Bronchoscopy. (a) The top of the stent and the esophageal orifice were visible on bronchoscopy. (b) Food was emerging from the side of the granulation. (c) The area inside the stent was shown. (d) The trachea peripheral to the stent was also visible on bronchoscopy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4613240_ijms-16-21035-f002_434983.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Morphological observation of HepG2 cells using Giemsa staining (200×): (a) Control group; (b) 2 μM; (c) 4 μM; and (d) 8 μM. The cell morphology was observed under the light microscope after Giemsa staining. The most representative fields are shown. Arrows indicate the typical apoptotic cell. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4312094_pone.0116763.g004_354116.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Histological aspect of trabecular bone at the metaphysis of A) and C) chicken of the FREE group and B and D) chicken of the HYPO group.Note the increase in osteoid volume and osteoid surfaces in the HYPO group. Goldner’s trichrome on undecalcified bone sections. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3978227_F4_279486.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Thoracic leg, abdominal processes, spiracles and telson of the larva of Panorpodes kuandianensis. A Thoracic leg, inset shows magnification of the tarsus of thoracic leg B Proleg-like abdominal process C Prothoracic spiracle D Abdominal spiracle E Ventral view of abdominal segments II and III F Telson (ventral view). Abbreviations: AO = atrial orifice, Ap = aperture, Cx = coxa, Fm = femur, PP = proleg-like process, Tb = tibia, Ts = tarsus. Scale bars: (A) = 20 μm, (B) = 5 μm, (C) and (D) = 3 μm, (E) = 40 μm, (F) = 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4454733_fig1_393132.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Epicardial foreign body (arrow) with a diameter of 30 mm in (a) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (b) thoracic computed tomography (CT): diffuse thickening of the pericardium surrounding the foreign body with pericardial effusion is shown. RA denotes right atrium, LA left atrium, RV right ventricle, and LV left ventricle. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz7douw086uc89ufuc8.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1995209_F8_13856.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | LORETA: Source localization for the letter recognition effect (orthographic analysis). Top: LORETA performed on the grand-mean target/non-target difference-wave between 160 and 180 ms (grid spacing = 20, ratio = 3) showing a strong focus of activation (in nAm) in the left fusiform gyrus (BA 37; x = -43, y = -57, z = 3). Bottom: same thing for N2 component. LORETA performed on the target/non-target difference-wave between 250 and 260 (grid spacing = 20, ratio = 3) showing a much stronger focus of activation in the left fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe (BA 37, x = -29, y = -43, z = -14). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3510233_pone-0050114-g008_169553.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | SEM images keratocytes at day 4 of culture.The growth of keratocytes under SMG (A–D): the cellular aggregation in a pore of the carrier (A); round shape and 3D interconnection of cells (B); cells with rough surfaces rich in globular prominences (C); cells seemed to be able to grow into reticular fibers of the carriers and arrows indicated pieces of beaded granular secretion (D). The growth of keratocytes on the carriers in static culture (E): rich interconnection with the carriers but relatively smooth cellular surfaces. The growth of keratocytes in plastic (F): spindle shape with flat and smooth surfaces of cells. Acc. V, accelerative voltage; Magn, magnification; WD, work distance. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gljs4kj071ufgaectxo.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3877953_F2_255571.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Pretreatment (above) and intra-therapeutic (below) 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT images of a patient. The patient has liver and bone metastases of a P-NET (tail of the pancreas) and high hepatic tumor disease burden. The significant increase of tumor-to-nontumor SUV ratios (SUVT/L and SUVT/S) after 177Lu-octreotate administration (+111.4% and +142.2%, respectively, both p < 0.001) is visible on the images. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1542.jpg | Is metastatic carcinoma prostate present? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27244.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Cutting balloon (4.0/15mm) inflation at right coronary ostium using JR4 guide catheter from right radial access. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyddo2w086u20rf12d7.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4101125_Fig1_306637.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
Computed tomography (CT) and Positron emission tomography (PET) images at the time of diagnosis. Panel A: CT scan showing the pathological tissue of the mid-diaphysis of the left humerus infiltrating the adjacent biceps brachii muscle for a longitudinal extent of 10.5 cm and axial dimensions of up to 5.5 cm. Several lymph nodes placed in the supraclavicular (1 cm), subclavian (2 cm) and in the axilla (19 mm). Panel B: PET image at the diagnosis with FDG uptake restricted to the primary mass, sparing locoregional lymph nodes. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4559873_Fig4_420846.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Microscopic findings of the skin, liver, and lymph node specimen. The skin lesion and the liver and lymph node metastases are stained to detect Melan-A, Ki-67, phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase, and phosphorylated Akt (×400) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3575495_pone-0057090-g006_186305.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Time-lapse video microscopy of the association of C. trachomatis inclusion with the Golgi apparatus during the early stages of the developmental cycle.Selected merged frames from Video S1 acquired every 30 minutes by time-lapse video microscopy of HeLa cells transiently transfected with a YFP-Golgi construct (yellow) and infected with C. trachomatis expressing mCherry under the control of the incD promoter (red). The first frame corresponds to 10 h post infection. The time (hours: minutes) is indicated in the upper right corner of each frame. Scale Bar: 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_72216.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Section showing involvement of the nasal cavity and inferior orbital wall |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3560985_F5_182863.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Images showing the endobronchial images of chronic obstructive endobronchitis with white light (A) and autofluorescence (B) bronchoscopy. Endobronchial images of bronchial carcinoma at the right upper lobe shown with white light (C) and autofluorescence (D) bronchoscopy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4661159_Fig2_448137.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image |
99mTc-SER-4 NanoSPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution of Sn+ macrophages. C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) mice were imaged a 0.5 h, b 1 h, c 3 h and d 6 h post injection with 99mTc-SER-4. Arrows indicate uptake of tracer by Sn+ macrophages in the spleen (S), liver (L) and bone marrow (BM). After imaging, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were euthanized and tissues explanted, weighed and gamma counted. Maximum intensity projections are shown. e
99mTc-SER-4 biodistributions at 1, 3 and 6 h post injection were expressed as percentage injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean of n = 3 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2278144_F9_19886.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Chest CT scan. Left upper lobe pulmonary nodule. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1524763_F4_6264.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | X-ray images of the hand of patient No. 5 three months after the reconstruction (4a and 4b) and after the plate removal 10 months later (4c and 4d). New bone has refilled the metaphyseal defect. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24370.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT images before SBRT (Pt. No. 5). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qa1el308322t464r8y.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2846841_F5_60716.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Azorubine coloration, ATPase and SDH activities revelation and immunohistochemical analysis results on a identical serial cross-section of TB muscle. A. Azorubine coloration. B. ATPase and SDH activities. C. Immunohistochemical results obtained with F365B9, S515F4 and S58H2 antibodies. Scale of the cross-section : 600 μm (length)/400 μm (height). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2648965_F7_35108.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Isodose distribution in axial slices for IMRT technique of a head patient: (a) dose calculation based on planning CT and standard HU-D table and (b) dose in CBCT using the patient based HU-D table and (c) DVH for contoured ROIs in the planning CT (solid) and CBCT (dashed). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3997750_F3_283840.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Illustration of size and number of axon 4 weeks after hyaluronic acid treatment. The injured nerve was retrieved for assessment axon size and counts over the injured area and distal end of crushed nerve. (A) Representative photomicrography of morphology and number of axon in the crush and distal end of crush nerve (B) Quantitative analysis of various sizes of axon in the crush area (C) Quantitative analysis of various sizes of axon in distal end of the crushed nerve. **p < 0.01; Bar length = 50 μm, n = 6. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4089249_F1_304737.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Section from liver needle biopsy shows portal tract infiltration of highly atypical mononuclear cells (H&E, 250×). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2954374_F0048_75850.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Bronchogenic carcinoma. Radiographic appearances are similar to ordinary lung cancer, except that lesions tend to be more peripheral and in the upper lobes as in this case (black arrow). Note the right hilar lymphadenopathy (white arrow) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2584951_fig3_30359.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Immunohistochemical staining for Fas and FasL in paraffin-embedded GIST samples. Representative examples of immunostaining for Fas (A and B) showing predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic staining and FasL (C and D) showing granular cytoplasmic staining (magnification, × 400). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3854770_F1_249840.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Nestin expression in mammary tissue and derived cell populations. Nestin-positive cells (A) in the female mammary gland and (B) in cultivated cells of mammary gland-derived cells (MGDC 3) after nine passages. Nestin was stained using a mouse monoclonal anti-nestin antibody (red). Nuclear counterstaining with 4′ , 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). Magnification: 200×. Bar = 100 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4364577_Fig5_368939.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
Effect of PCE on mesangial cell proliferation in the renal glomeruli. Immunofluorescence staining was performed with anti-thy 1.1, which is a specific marker for mesangial cells, and anti-PCNA antibody and visualized with Texas-red and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), respectively, using a fluorescence microscope. Representative merged micrographs (yellow) of four independent experiments are shown at 400× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3614268_fig373_195935.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Transaxial CT and Fused FDG PET/CT ImagesFigure 2A shows multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the left cervical region, with the largest node measuring 2.6 cm in the short axis (SUVmax 6.0 gm/ mL). Figure 2C shows a conglomerate mass of the abdominal lymph nodes with the largest node measuring 6.8 cm in the short axis (SUVmax 5.9 gm/mL). There was complete morphological and metabolic disappearance (Figure 2B and 2D) of these nodes after androgen ablation and hormonal treatment. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) PET images show pretherapy disease burden (Figure 2E) and the dramatic response post-treatment (Figure 2F). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4150477_fig3_316888.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Abdominal ultrasound performed 3 months later reveals further reduction of the hematoma's dimensions. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3608948_F3_194993.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | FESEM images. (a) Uncoated PET film and aluminum oxide-coated PET film by (b) ALD, (c) ALD with plasma pretreatment, and (e) PA-ALD. (d) and (f) are the magnified images of (c) and (e). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3970017_F4_277307.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Twenty-seven-year-old patient with left mesial temporal lobe sclerosis (FLAIR sequence, coronal view) and bitemporal interictal spikes. PET showed hypometabolism on the left mesial temporal structures and temporal pole (black arrow). SISCOM showed concordant ictal hyperperfusion (maximum in the temporal pole, shown in the figure). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3878800_F3_255926.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Aorta for evidence of VSMC phenotype change by performing immunochemistry. Expression of CathepsinK (A-C), OPG (D-F), RANKL (G-I), TRAP (J-L), Runx2 (M-O), and Osteocalcin (P-R) were detected in the aortic tunica media of normal, CRF and 2%La treatment rats. Arrows indicate positively stained action. All sections were of the thoracic aorta region. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3914485_F2_264381.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | In sonohysterography there are echogenic fibrotic
bands, distended endometrium side to side wall of the uterus
and superior to inferior in sagital and coronal plane which
is shows typic adhesion. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3705757_fig3_216545.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Examples of clinical images used in the experiments. Upper row: axial head slices displayed in the range (HU window) of [−170,250]), middle row: abdomen images, lower row: thigh images. The two lower rows are displayed in the HU window [−220,350]. Head images are slightly enlarged relative to other regions for better visibility. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3038577_fig2_86951.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | US-guided liver biopsy staining H & E (a) demonstrating a rather uniform population of sheets of small cells arranged in manner (×40 in (b)). Immunohistochemistry with a Ki-67 marker (Mib-1) (c) estimated here to be 15% and positive immunostaining with chromogranin A (d). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3624647_F15_198217.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Glomerulus with narrow urinary space
due to podocytes proliferation, dilated capillaries and
thickening of filtration membrane. Parietal membrane
of the glomerulus (PMG), 7100×
|
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3340302_F7_136116.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A) In vivo T1-weighted angiographic coronal image acquired by loopless intravascular CMR detector from a female New Zealand white rabbit showing the aorta near the renal bifurcation. (B) X-Ray fluoroscopic image confirming placement of the loopless CMR detector in the aorta 4 cm above the renal bifurcation. (C) The cardiac-gated 80 μm high-resolution 3 T CMR of the rabbit aortic vessel wall 1 cm above the renal bifurcation. (D) Post-mortem histological image of aortic vessel wall of the same imaging slice. The shape is distorted during harvesting and staining processes. A small indent is evident on the vessel wall in both the image (C) and histology (D; red arrows) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3014295_pone-0014154-g003_82832.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Actin and pMLC cellular distribution in cen3 primary fibroblasts and cen3tel cells.To detect actin, cells were seeded on a coverslip and incubated with TRITC-labelled phalloidin (A–F, red signal), which binds to F-actin. Tumorigenic cells show a polygonal shape compared to non-tumorigenic ones and show actin cortical rings. To detect pMLC, indirect immunofluorescence was done with an anti-pMLC primary antibody and a FITC conjugated secondary antibody (G–L, green signal). In tumorigenic cells, PML is mainly distributed along the inner membrane. (Images were taken with a confocal microscope, 40x objective, bars 25 µm; single confocal sections are shown). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3709074_Fig2_217500.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Left ventricular perfusion after MI. a Myocardial perfusion maps acquired by arterial spin-labeling MRI 3 days after myocardial infarction. Representative midventricular short-axis slices are shown for WT and LOX−/− mice with signal intensity encoding spatial perfusion (LV left ventricle, RV right ventricle, arrows indicate the non-perfused infarction area). b Myocardial perfusion was not different between the genotypes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4163206_F1_319979.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Mr. Wang, male, 62 years old, T1 segment. a: Preoperative X-ray film disclosed height of the injured vertebral body and Cobb angle; b: height of the injured vertebral body and Cobb angle immediately after central corpectomy; c: height of the injured vertebral body and Cobb angle three months after surgery (satisfactory maintenance and bone fusion). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25061.jpg | what is the mr weighting in this image? | t2 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3257205_F1_121901.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | RLC Ser1 phosphorylation is elevated in mitotic cells and localizes to the contractile ring. (A) HeLa and primary human keratinocytes (PHK) under normal growth conditions were fixed and immunostained for RLC Ser1-P (green) and stained for actin (red). (B) RLC Ser1-P is specifically enhanced in the contractile ring of dividing cells. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2666.jpg | What does this image show? | natural color advanced typical |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic17223.jpg | which plane is this image taken? | mammo - cc |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3204245_F1_113559.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Typical CT scan images of MD, EVA with MD, EVA, and other inner ear malformations. a. MD; b. EVA with MD; c. EVA; d. common cavity (a cystic cavity representing the cochlea and vestibule without showing any differentiation into cochlea and vestibule); e. narrow internal auditory canal; f. internal auditory canal enlarged; g. inner ear ossification; h. cochlear, vestibular, and semicircular canal hypoplasia. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4081363_f3-ol-08-02-0513_303306.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | In the right upper lobe (S1), (A and B) the pulmonary metastasis was revealed to be thymic carcinoma with squamous histology [hematoxylin and eosin stain; (A) magnification, ×40, (B) magnification, ×400] and (C) appeared positive for cluster of differentiation 5 (magnification, ×200) and (D) appeared positive for c-kit (magnification, ×400) in the ninth year by immunohistochemical staining. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4082161_F2_303483.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Hematoxylin and eosin staining features of specimen. (A) Tumor specimen at low magnification. Asterisk (*) indicates the pyogenic granuloma portion of the lesion, and arrows show the development of capillary hemangioma and thrombosis. (B) The pyogenic granuloma portion at higher magnification. Edematous granulation tissues and numerous small blood vessels with neutrophil infiltration were observed under the epithelium of the tumor. (C and D) Capillary hemangioma portion of the tumor at higher magnification showing numerous newly generated blood vessels filled with thrombi. Newly developed capillary vessels were seen to communicate with each other and lined with a thin endothelial cell layer. Scale bar = 200μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2726551_fig-002_43544.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Barium enema: the air filled cavity did not fill with barium nor did it change in size on insufflation. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3478193_F2_161617.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Intrastromal injection of a mouse cornea. (A) Proptosis of the eye by careful retraction of upper and lower lid with a forceps, (B) creation of a small intrastromal pocket in the mid-peripheral cornea using a 30 G needle, (C) insertion of a smaller needle and intrastromal advancement towards the corneal center, (D) forceful injection of India ink. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3139088_Fig1_102649.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
a Sagittal T1-weighted brain MRI, b sagittal T2-weighted spinal MRI, c coronal T1-weighted brain MRI post-gadolinium contrast administration, d MR myelogram of upper and lower spinal subdural space |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3144454_F3_103614.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Ear cells. Typical images of ear cells biolistically transfected with 1 μg of YFP-DNA using 1 μm or 40 nm gold projectiles. These images are from a section of tissue at a depth of 20 µm. Scale bar = 10 µm. Examination of > 10 images revealed ~ 10% less YFP labelled cells in the microparticle-transfected cells, consistent with our data showing more tissue damage in these samples. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4539849_F3_415426.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Three-dimensional printed airway splint. From Zopf et al.19 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02681.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Grade 1 (M1)—medial penetration to pedicle wall ≤2 mm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_76769.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | MDCT axial section shows a Klatskin tumor (white arrow) with bilobar IHBR dilatation in a 55-year-old male patient. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3652538_F6_204052.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Electron micrographs of sciatic nerve transverse sections of (B) diabetic myelin degenerative (DG)
and axonal atrophy (AT) seen in abnormally myelinated nerve fibers compared to control (A) and DMP4-
MC (C) groups. AX: Axon; SC: Schwann cell; M: Myelin; (×14500 magnification). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3522405_s2fig1_172983.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | A 10-year-old girl presenting with painful swelling in the lower jaw.( A. Panoramic view shows a multilocular lesion in the symphysis region of the mandible. B. Occlusal projection shows considerable buccal and lingual expansion. Note the septa which are straight and at right angles to the periphery, mimicking central giant cell granuloma appearance. C. Follow-up panoramic X-ray taken one year after the surgery displays resolution of the lesion.) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06714.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | The balloon was then hooked to the limb, not only to indicate the direction of the tract to guide the endoscope forward but also to facilitate the forward movement of the endoscope with fewer injuries to the intestinal wall. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2824752_ppat-1000774-g004_57260.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Mitochondrial targeting of Ats-1, and essential role of N-terminal sequence in targeting.
A-C. Double immunofluorescence labeling of A. phagocytophilum–infected HL-60 cells (A), or pAts-1-transfected RF/6A cells (B and C) using rabbit anti-Ats-1 (Ats-1; Alexa Fluor 488, green), and monoclonal anti-Mn-Sod (Mn-Sod; Alexa Fluor 555, red) (A and C), monoclonal anti-cytochrome c (Cyto c; Alexa Fluor 555, red) (B). Scale bar: 10 µm. D. Immunofluorescence labeling of RF/6A cells transfected with pAts-1ΔN17 was performed using anti–Ats-1 (Alexa Fluor 488, green). N, nucleus. Note diffuse distribution of Ats-1ΔN17 in the cytoplasm of RF/6A cell. Scale bar: 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2519073_F2_26937.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | The structure of the leaf using normal 2PLSM. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_65196.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Follow-up ultrasound scan – biphasic flow in the distal segment of SFA. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4223571_Fig2_333918.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | DIPG in a 10-year-old male (case 8) which recurred two times after partial surgical resection. MRI of the head: 1—T1 nonenhanced, 2—contrast-enhanced, 3—T2W, and 4—FLAIR images. PR was documented by the MRI and CR was established by the normalization of the follow-up PET scans. Arrows indicate tumors |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2880799_F4_65565.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | fMRI gender differences Major differences between female and male subjects were found in A) cerebellum, B) right hippocampus, C) limbic region, D) right frontal area, and E) supplementary motor area. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4452312_fig1_392415.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | T2-weighted axial thin section magnetic resonance imaging scan. This scan shows a low rectal tumor with involvement of the potential circumferential resection margin (white arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2890657_F2_67117.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Macroscopic aspect of liver and functional hepatic tests. A, a) a representative image a normal rat liver, b and c shows a recovered hepatic smooth texture in animals treated with the combinatorial gene therapy at 8 and 10 days, respectively, as compared with irrelevant gene therapy (e and f), d) shows a control fibrotic liver injected with saline. Histograms in B, show a significative tendency to normal values of hepatic functional tests (ALT and AST). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4119625_fig2_310977.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | PET-CT sections showing the FDG-avid right adrenal mass. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3056622_F0004_89996.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | The orthopantomogram shows a Langlais type II styloid process (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3222648_pone-0027601-g003_116699.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Cellular localisation of kisspeptin receptor-LI in human cardiovascular tissues.Representative photomicrographs showing kisspeptin receptor-LI localised to cardiomyocytes (A–C), co-localised with smooth muscle α-actin (red fluorescence E) to vascular smooth muscle of intramyocardial blood vessels (F) and with von-Willebrand factor (red fluorescence B, H) to vascular endothelial cells (A, I). Kisspeptin-LI (green fluorescence J, M) co-localised with von Willebrand factor (K, N) to vascular (L) and endocardial (O) endothelial cells and surrounding cardiomyocytes (O). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4234849_Fig2_336944.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
Results for a patient treated for osteosarcoma. (A) The epiphysis of the distal femur was preserved by marginal resection; (B) the remaining epiphysis; and (C) the resected tumor. (D) The radiograph shows that after an intramedullary nail and screws had been inserted into the residual epiphysis and the bone defect filled with bone cement (no barium), the implanted bone healed successfully. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4521941_ppat.1005079.g008_411074.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | SEM and TEM of membranous helicoidally structures in pNeoEhvps32-HA transfected trophozoites.(A-C) SEM of pNeo (A) and pNeoEhvps32-HA (B,C) transfected trophozoites. (C) Magnification of conical helicoidally structures protruding from plasma membrane. (D-F) TEM of glutaraldehyde fixed trophozoites transfected with pNeoEhvps32-HA plasmid embedded in Polybed epoxy resin. Square in (D), magnified in (E,F). (F) A drawing in green superposed to the concentric structure in (E). (G-L) TEM of pNeoEhvps32-HA transfected trophozoites, fixed by PFA and glutaraldehyde, embedded in LR White resin and incubated with αrEhVps32 antibodies followed by gold-labeled secondary antibodies. Arrows: gold particles. e: erythrocytes fragments. (J-L) Helicoidally structures in (G-I) were drawn in green. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2326.jpg | What is present? | thymus |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45193.jpg | what is most alarming about this mri? | ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (opll) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4174767_F6_322464.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Young vs. Old group comparisons (FWE corrected
p < 0.05) in (A) VBM, (B) MD and (C) GWC neuroimaging modalities, performed with sample 2. For visual purposes voxel significance is overlaid in those areas that survived multiple corrections. Bilateral medial and lateral surfaces are displayed in GWC while axial slices (z = [−20:40:10]) are displayed both for VBM and MD results. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2908358_F0003_69499.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Postoperative MRI of the brain T1 postcontrast infusion sequences in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes demonstrating extent of surgical debulking |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic44982.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | axial |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl0s3ob071u5z04bn3r.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3582059_fig2_188033.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | TH- and DAT-ir loss is predominant in striosomes. Serially adjacent sections from a mouse treated with METH stained for TH (A), MOR-1 (B), and DAT (C). Most striatal TH weak patches matched DAT weak patches. These areas corresponded with striosomes as demonstrated by MOR-1 immunostaining. A′–C′ show an example of a striosome at higher magnification. Bar indicates 500 μm (A–C) and 200 μm, (A–C′). Modified from Granado et al. [6]. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuy8zv0074y7ofpeene.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
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