image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC4183582_pone-0109214-g008_324761.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Microstructure of explants.Explants were cryofractured and subjected to SEM observation under magnifications of 20×, 100× and 1000×. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3500336_pone-0050083-g001_166575.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Acute multi-slice, multiparametric MRI of thromboembolic stroke in mice.(A) MR Angiography (maximum intensity projection). MCA signals were manually overlaid in red for clarity. Note the distally interrupted flow in the right MCA (bars). (B) Perfusion (MPC) map overlaid on corresponding T2-WI. Note the large perfusion defect in the right MCA territory (arrow) (C, D) Diffusion (ADC) maps overlaid on corresponding T2-WI. Note the cortico-striatal decrease in D (same animal as B), in contrast with C. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3614886_F1_196183.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Computed tomographic imaging of the chest at the level of the aortic arch in 2003, two years before dyspnea onset, showed a small cavity in the left upper lobe due to emphysematous change (a). Computed tomography 2 years after initial presentation (April 2005) showed that the cavity was increasing in size and contained a fungus ball (b). The cavity then continued to increase in size, developing a thick wall and infiltration of the surrounding areas, with increased pulmonary effusion (c: July 2005; d: October 2005; e: December 2005; f: January 2006). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2989134_F0001_79085.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Campanacci Stage 3. This case was treated by curettage and bone grafting in 1997. A) CT scan before surgery. B) and C) X-ray taken in 2003. Review in 2005 shows no evidence of recurrence |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvj90tw074y4ap48h2a.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4263803_Fig9_343996.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | A 38-year-old female with intermittent fever and elevated C-reactive protein 2 weeks after PCNL treatment for right-sided nephrolithiasis. Contrast-enhanced MDCT with the ureteral stent in place showed absent hydronephrosis, mild enhancing ureteral thickening (thin arrows in A, B) indicating infectious pyeloureteritis and a 3-cm hypoattenuating lesion with peripheral delayed enhancement (arrowheads in B and C) at the lower renal pole consistent with an abscess. The patient recovered after intensive antibiotic treatment. During follow-up, distal stent migration was detected radiographically (D) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3580132_Fig2_187432.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | P300 expression according to immunohistochemical staining of LSCC samples. a, b A laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) case demonstrating a high expression level of P300 (arrow) detected in the nuclei of carcinoma cells (magnification: a ×100; b ×400); c, d Negative expression level of P300 detected in LSCC (magnification: c ×100; d ×400); e, f Positive expression level of P300 (arrow) detected in adjacent normal tissue of LSCC (magnification: e ×100; f ×400); g, h Negative expression level of P300 detected in adjacent normal tissue of LSCC (magnification: g ×100; h ×400) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3284561_pone-0032172-g004_127015.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The transfection of the defective Dynamin1 K44A mutant blocks the endocytosis of Max* into HeLa cells.Confocal photomicrographs of HeLa cells transfected or not with a vector encoding for the dominant-negative mutant of dynamin1(K44A) and incubated with Max* and AlexaFluor-488 transferrin for 20 minutes at 37°C (subsequent to a 30 minutes pre-incubation period at 4°C). Immunofluorescence staining of Max* without A) and with B) the transfection of the Dynamin1 (K44A) mutant. Fluorescence of Transferrin-AF488 without C) and with D) the transfection of the Dynamin1 (K44A) mutant. Scale bar = 10 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz1dooc086u09fq5zx7.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3191164_pone-0025930-g002_111412.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Dynamic changes of MBs over a long-term MRI follow-up.Some new MBs appeared (A), and some MBs disappeared in the follow-up MRI (B). Black arrows represent the MRI follow-up, while white arrow heads indicate new MBs, and dotted circles identify the location of those MBs which had disappeared. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_55715.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Axial T2-weighted image showing postinflammatory fibrosis around the left ureter at the L3–4 level. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qh1ewf0832dv9t75fw.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris is |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4545904_Fig1_416410.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | a) Reconstructed images without MRP corresponding to Frame 14 (2.77x106 counts); b) Reconstructed images with MRP corresponding to Frame 14 (2.77x106 counts); c) Reconstructed images without MRP corresponding to Frame 24 (119x106 counts); d) Reconstructed images with MRP corresponding to Frame 24 (119x106 counts); e) Patlak parametric image of reconstructed images without prior; f) Patlak parametric image of reconstructed images with prior; g) Patlak Parametric Images of ground truth; h) MRI image for anatomical reference. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2358.jpg | Is normal immature infant present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4452897_F4_392726.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Whole-group activation. BOLD activation for the 23 chronic stroke patients in the following contrasts, [LEARNING], [REPLAY], and [EASY] [RFX t(22) = 2.19; pUNCORRECTED < 0.04], and [LEARNING − (REPLAY + EASY)] [RFX t(22) = 2.10; pUNCORRECTED < 0.04]. DamH, damaged hemisphere. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3825975_fig0010_242537.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Patients CT scan exam after worsening in neurological condition. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3812990_F3_239962.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | MRI techniques used to study the brains of chimpanzees (Semendeferi et al., 2002), can now investigate the relationship between the brain and the endocast as shown here. Brain is beige; endocast is brown; exocranium is white. Top row: exocranium (left) and endocast (middle) are shown transparent. Bottom row: MRI slices reveal internal structures of the brain, meninges, and bone. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4273977_pone-0114935-g004_346078.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Comparison of ALI positions between eyes from a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and a normal control (both aged 62 years).The images are for the right eye in both patients. White arrows in the central circle indicate the meridians of the scans. The upper and lower images in each pair are from the normal control and POAG eyes, respectively. Yellow lines indicate the lamina cribrosa surface and white lines indicate the choroidoscleral interface. Note that ALID is greater in the POAG eye, with the most prominent differences being observed in the superotemporal and inferotemporal areas. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3041781_F8_87628.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Reduced inflammation in a RAG1 null background. Immunohistochemical analyses of ear tissue sections from LMP1CAO.117 transgenic mice in a RAG1-null background (LMP1.RAG1(-/-)) compared to RAG1 heterozyous background (LMP1.RAG1(+/-) Formalin fixed, tissue sections were immunostained with: A, B: anti-CD3 to reveal T-cells (brown stain), at original magnification: x200; C, D: astra blue staining to reveal mast cells (blue) at original magnification: x100 E, F: anti-myeloperoxidase to reveal neutrophils and monocytes (brown stain) at original magnification: x100. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2714572_F0003_42037.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | A frontal chest radiograph and axial CT show features of ‘batwing’ alveolar pulmonary edema. Chest radiographic findings include bilateral opacities that extend in a fan shape outward from the hilum in a batwing; pattern. With worsening alveolar edema, the lung opacification becomes increasingly homogenous |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3991692_pone-0095526-g003_282462.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Shifts in the scanning angle alter B-scan (A) and C-mode (B) images and alter the microarchitecture seen on a single frame.OCT volume was rotated ±10° with respect to the slow scanning axis using image processing software (FIJI). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4431499_f4_386309.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Microscopic images of target cell CEM and control cell Ramos incubated with
G3-sgc8 and G3-rs. Green fluorescent
G3-sgc8 was accumulated in CEM but not in Ramos. Scar bar:
25 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3324407_pone-0035058-g008_133630.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Reduced stress fibres and activated β1 in NEDD9−/− MEFs in 3D.A. Activated β1 integrin (detected using β1 antibody clone 9EG7) and actin (detected with fluorescently-tagged phalloidin) immunostaining of cells grown in 2D conditions. Merged images show colour overlays of β1 (green) and actin (red). Arrows point to examples of active β1 integrin associated with the ends of actin stress fibres. Cells were imaged by wide-field microscopy. B. Activated β1 integrin and actin immunostaining of cells grown in 3D collagen gels. Boxed insets shows magnified regions containing actin stress fibres. Arrow heads point to actin stress fibres. Images represent single confocal z-slices. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3790764_pone-0074887-g006_235996.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Microstructure of four rare gallbladder stone types.A, B. Phosphate stone (original magnification ×6000). A. Echin-sphere phosphate particles. B. Rough bulbiform phosphate particles. C,D. Calcium stearate stone (original magnification ×6000). C. Calcium stearate presented as network structure. D. Calcium stearate presented as staggered arranged network, protein stone (original magnification×6000). E. Coralliform protein and bilirubinate complex. F. Chrysanthemum petal-like protein and bilirubinate complex. G, H. Cystine stone. G. Stacked hexagonal crystals, some with prominent edges (original magnification ×400). H. The prominent edges appeared lamellar after magnification (original magnification ×6000). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4552407_Fig1_418410.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Representative micro-computed tomography images. Three-dimensional (upper panel) and trans-sectional images (lower panel) of fibrin glue/bone powder scaffold (FB), FB loaded with 0.5 μg of angiogenin (ANG) (FB/ANG 0.5), and FB loaded with 2.0 μg of ANG (FB/ANG 2.0) from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Scale bar = 2 mm |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_liver/train_2861.jpg | Is hepatobiliary present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3376142_pone-0038589-g005_141737.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | The effect of sex and exogenous estrogen on TSC2-deficient tumor growth.Female (left) or male (right) mice were implanted with 0.18 mg 17ß-estradiol pellets or control placebo pellets subcutaneously. Ten days later, 621-327 cells were administered intratracheally and tumors quantified every other week by SPECT/CT. Shown are the results after 4 weeks of hormone treatment. T = thyroid; S = stomach; B = bladder. Arrows indicate tumors. Scale bars = 1 cm. +/− = 0.3–1.4; + = 1.5 - 2.5; ++ = 2.6–3.7; +++ = ≥3.8%ID/mm3 (×10−5). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3848456_F7_247720.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Effect of diets on the estrogen receptor, Her-2 oncogene, and progesterone receptor expression in DMBA-induced tumors. Tumors were isolated and tissue sections were prepared as described in the legend of Figure 6. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER), Her-2 oncogene (Her-2), and progesterone receptor (PR) were detected using specific anti-mouse antibodies. Slides were observed under an Olympus microscope at 50 × magnification. The quantitative analysis antigen expression is described in Table 3. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2890620_F3_67081.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Transverse views of computed tomography scans reveal marked wasting in the muscle bulk of almost all parts of the right trapezius (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4227872_pone-0112750-g001_335131.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MR Image.Subject 1's MRI image depicts the center of the recording chamber. For reference, a transparent image of a macaque brain atlas reveals the target as Walker's area 13 M. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4559465_pone.0137285.g002_420723.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Patient with breast cancer.Both PET/CT (A,B) as well as PET/MRI (C; D; VIBE, portal venous phase) show a lesion with elevated FDG-uptake and ill-defined lesion borders as well as central contrast enhancement as signs of malignancy. Based on these findings the lesion was correctly identified as metastasis in both modalities. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qh1ewv0832bcn75esl.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris ip |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2777160_F10_50790.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Subcellular distribution of BVDV NS4B in transfected cells. BHK-21 cells were transfected with NS4B-GFP. At 48 h p.t., the cells were processed for fluorescence microscopy. ER-Tracker (i-iii; a), LysoTracker (x-xii; d) and MitoTracker (xiii-xv; e) were used as markers for the ER, lysosome and mitochondria, respectively. Golgin-97 (iv-vi; b) and Rab5 (vii-ix; c) were used as markers for the Golgi apparatus and early endosome, respectively. NS4B was detected via GFP fluorescence. Colocalization of NS4B (green) with the cognate intracellular marker (red) results in yellow color. Notice the Colocalization of NS4B with Golgin-97 (b) and MitoTracker (e). Bars = 10 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2700256_pone-0006101-g003_40453.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Helix 8 is required for rhabdomere targeting of rhodopsin.(a) Direct in vivo confocal fluorescence microscopy on intact eye (left) and isolated ommatidia (right) of adult flies expressing GFP-fused RhΔctΔH8, lacking the helix 8 region, shows an extrarhabdomeric distribution-pattern of the truncation-mutant. (b) Optical cross sections, stained with antibodies against GFP and KDEL to show localization of the transgene (green) and ER (red), respectively, reveal its colocalization (orange) with the KDEL antibody, indicating ER-based distribution of the protein. Phalloidin highlights F-Actin-rich rhabdomeres (blue). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4612735_f2_434942.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Postinterventional computed tomography (CT) scan of a radiofrequency (RF) ablation with the ablation needle still in place: the upper right window shows an axial plane, the lower left window a sagittal plane and the lower right window a coronal plane.The RFA needle is easily recognizable, because its umbrella-shaped characteristics show up very bright within the ablation zone inside the liver. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4554916_RSOB150041F3_419107.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Effect on localization of viral proteins by DIDS. RPTE cells were left uninfected or infected at 1 IU cell−1 and were treated with DIDS or DMSO as a control after 24 h. Cells were fixed 48 h post-infection and stained for either VP1 (PAb597) or VP2/3 (red). DAPI staining is shown in blue, as is the auto-fluorescence of DIDS. Images are single z-slices acquired using confocal microscopy. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3854715_F3_249785.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Monolayer mineralization. Alizarin red S stainings on days 14 and 21 of monolayer cultures transduced with GFP, BMP-2, IHH, and BMP-2 with IHH maintained with osteogenic (left panel) and control (right panel) media. Nonmodified mesenchymal progenitor cells (Ctrl) served as controls. Magnification, ×10. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52013.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Computed tomography in patient with Apert syndrome showing markedly abnormal orbital anatomy (Reproduced with permission from Lueder GT. Pediatric Practice Ophthalmology. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2011:163) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4428858_f02_385546.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Chest X-ray and CT scans of a patient with a prenatal diagnosis of cystic lung disease. In A, posteroanterior chest X-ray (taken at age 6 months) showing cystic images in the right upper lobe. In B, chest CT scans showing cystic images of varying sizes in the right upper lobe. The patient underwent right upper lobectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of bronchogenic cyst. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_skin/train_2595.jpg | Does craniopharyngioma show skin, neurofibromatosis? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4276947_viruses-06-05182-f006_346823.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Confocal immunomicroscopy revealed SINVTaV-GFP-TC persistence localized in the SG proximal lateral lobe (PL) at day 30 p.i. on this whole-mounted specimen. Gross cytopathology (*) was observed in both distal lateral lobes (DL). Virus GFP was not detected in the median lobe (ML), which appeared intact and comparable to the uninfected control ML (Figure 1A). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3596380_pone-0058361-g005_191443.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Plain radiographs and 18F-FDG micro PET/CT at 8-weeks in the study groups.
A—Plain radiograph; B—micro CT(transverse view); C—micro PET/CT overlay(transverse view). Plain radiograph and micro PET/CT demonstrated increased bone destruction(white arrows) and 18F-FDG uptake in group(PAa-RANKL) and group (PAa-RANKL+PBS) at 8-weeks following intratibial injection of tumor cells, whereas the increase was inhibited in group(PAa-RANKL+OPG). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv990ag074ybfd581a5.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36248.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | ct noncontrast |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2819038_F6_56451.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Topology of recombinant FLAG-tagged ORF 3 protein. Recombinant N-terminal tagged FLAG-ORF 3 protein was transiently expressed in HEK-293T cells and localization was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (cLSM 510 Meta, Zeiss). FLAG-ORF 3 protein was stained with rabbit-anti-ORF 3 recognizing the C-terminus and mouse-anti-FLAG for detection of the FLAG-tagged N-terminus (upper panel). Permeabilized cells (+TritonX100) show colocalized signals mainly in perinuclear regions for protein ORF 3 C-terminus and N-terminus whereas without permeabilization (-TritonX100) only FLAG-tagged N-terminus of protein ORF 3 could be detected at the plasma membrane (lower panel). Bars represent 10 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24030.jpg | what imaging modality is used to acquire this picture? | us - ultrasound |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3919825_f1-ol-07-03-0731_265836.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Immunohistochemical detection of (A) matrix metalloproteinase-9 and (B) tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 in the cytoplasm of the malignant cells of a medullary thyroid carcinoma sample, as shown by the brown staining (magnification, ×200). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3815223_pone-0078098-g002_240768.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Fluorescence patterns of GFP fusion proteins in plant cells.Arabidopsis protoplasts were transformed with the plasmid pJIT 163 containing GFP alone (A and B), or pJIT 163-TaNHX2-GFP (C and D). The fluorescence images are shown in tridimensional (A and C) and planar (B and D) patterns respectively. Fluorescence microscopic image of GFP (a), fluorescence microscopic image of chloroplasts (b), transmitted light microscopic image of a protoplast (c) and an image of the overlay of the GFP and chloroplast fluorescence and transmitted light (d). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4470086_Fig1_397506.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Radiological and intraoperative findings of the presented case of spontaneous acute spinal subdural hematoma. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed an isointensive lesion situated at the T9 level, ventral to the spinal cord (A). T2-weighted magnetic resonance images showed the lesion was a well-demarcated, oval-shaped extramedullary mass at the T9 level (B, C). An emergency laminectomy from T8 to T10 was performed and only a hematoma was found during the operation (D) and it was successfully evacuated (E). Postoperative sagittal T1-weighted contrast enhanced (F) and T2-weighted (G) magnetic resonance imaging showed total removal of that hematoma. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_11475.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Parasternal short axis view showing baffle draining into the left atrium (arrow). B=baffle, RA=right atrium, RV=right ventricle, LA=left atrium, LVOT=left ventricular outflow tract |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4577952_f4-etm-0-0-2660_425376.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Rapamycin increase the number of osteoblasts in the rat callus. (A) Calluses section from Sprague-Dawley rats at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-fracture under treatment with rapamycin or vehicle were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (n=12 per group; magnification, ×200). Arrow indicates an osteoblast in the callus. (B) Quantitative analysis of osteoblast number indicated a significant increase in cellularity after rapamycin treatment compared with the vehicle treatment. Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.01 vs. vehicle-treated group. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4560418_pone.0137447.g002_421147.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | SpSOS1 and SpAHA1 proteins are localized at the plasma membrane.SpSOS1-GFP, SpAHA1-GFP and AtSOS1-GFP fusion proteins were produced as described in the Methods and Materials section. Tobacco leaves were transformed with the vector pCAMBIA1300 containing GFP alone (GFP), pCAMBIA1300-SpSOS1-GFP (SpSOS1-GFP), pCAMBIA1300-SpAHA1-GFP (SpAHA1-GFP) or pCAMBIA1300-AtSOS1-GFP (AtSOS1-GFP). GFP signals from epidermal cells (left panel; scale bars = 50 μm) and mesophyll protoplasts (right panel; scale bars = 10 μm) of tobacco leaves transiently expressing either GFP alone, SpSOS1-GFP, SpAHA1-GFP or AtSOS1-GFP were recorded using confocal microscopy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3434187_pone-0044735-g005_153380.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Tonoplast trafficking of TIP2;1 and TIP3;1 is insensitive to BFA.Three-day old seedlings expressing GFP-TIP2;1 (A, B), TIP3;1-YFP (C, D), TIP1;1-YFP (E, F), NAG1-GFP (G, H) and VHA-a1-GFP (I, J) were incubated in the presence of DMSO (-BFA, A, C, E, G, I) or 75 μM BFA (+BFA, B, D, F, H, J) for 3 h. Hypocotyl cells from treated plants were imaged by confocal microscopy. ER network localization is shown in the inset (F) or indicated with arrows (H). Internal BFA compartments labeled with TIP1;1-YFP (F), NAG1-GFP (H inset) and VHA-a1-GFP (J inset) are indicated with arrowheads. Bar = 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2931481_F3_72496.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Immunohistochemestry. Glomeruli from controls (A, PAS staining; C, anti von-Willebrand Factor) and apoE-/-/LDL-/- double knockout mice (B, PAS staining; D, anti von-Willebrand Factor). Perivascular inflammation (B) and capillary aneurysms of the glomeruli (D, green arrow) filled with factor 8 containing emboli (D, black arrow) are demonstrated. (A, C, D, magnification × 200; B, magnification × 100) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3818974_fig1_241296.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | A 56-year-old male patient (case 4) with stage 1 hypertension for 3 years presents with atypical triad of PA and normokalemia. Contrast adrenal CT (b) shows a 1.2 cm nodular lesion in left adrenal gland (arrow). NP-59 96 h planar posterior imaging (b) indicates no radiotracer uptake within either adrenal gland, but fused SPECT/CT (c) indicate intense uptake in the left adrenal (arrow), consistent with left adrenal aldosteronism. His hypertension cured following left adrenalectomy. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_66844.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | T1W parasagittal image shows a holohemispheric schizencephalic cleft in the left mid-frontal region. A small right cerebellar hemispheric remnant is seen in the fluid-filled posterior fossa. The myelination pattern is normal for this patient's age. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic42257.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | adenocarcinoma of the lung |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2749209_pone-0007239-g004_46729.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | ATIP3 associates with microtubules.A–B. Representative photomicrographs of confocal microscopy analysis showing the cellular distribution of (A) endogenous ATIP proteins in SK-MES cancer cells and (B) transiently transfected (24 h) GFP-ATIP3 fusion protein, stained with anti-MTUS1 (green) and anti-alpha-tubulin (red) antibodies. A bar represents 10 µm. C. Microtubule co-sedimentation assay performed on MDA-MB-231 stable transfectants expressing GFP-ATIP3 or GFP (upper panel) and SK-MES, MDA-MB-468 and CAMA-1 tumor cells expressing endogenous ATIP3 (lower panel). Immunoblots were revealed using anti-GFP or anti-MTUS1 antibodies, and reprobed with anti-alpha-tubulin antibodies. Molecular weights are indicated on the left. L: total cell lysate; S: supernatant; P: pellet. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4232726_Fig1_336422.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging depicted two isolated tumors. One measured 4.0 cm in diameter and was present in the left segment of the liver (SVIII, a1). The other measured 6 cm in diameter and was present in the inferior superior segment of the liver (SV, b1). The larger tumor showed enhancement (b2), and the smaller tumor showed contrast enhancement (a2) in the center of the tumor in the hepatic arterial phase. In the portal phase, the larger tumor became less dense than the liver parenchyma (b3), but the centrality of the smaller tumor showed continuous enhancement (a3). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2215329_pone-0001575-g002_16725.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Airway inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia and airway fibrosis following long and short term OVA challenges.Representative photomicrographs of paraffin-embedded lung sections stained with H&E (left column), Alcian-PAS (middle column) and Masson's trichrome (right column) from short term OVA challenged animals (d–l), long term OVA challenged animals (m–u) and after PBS treatment (a–c) 3 days (row 2 and 5), 4 weeks (row 3 and 6) and 8 weeks (row 4 and 7) after challenges. Magnification: 20-fold for H&E, 20-fold for Masson's trichrome, and 40-fold for Alcian-PAS stained sections. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2361490_fig1_21457.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Immunohistochemical expression of carcinogenesis factors in SCCO: (A) p53 intense nuclear staining, HESx100, (B) EGFR intense membranous staining, HES × 200, (C) VEGF expression: cytoplasmic staining, more intense in cancer cells (♣) than in smooth muscle cells (▴), HES × 200; (D) HER-2 complete and strong membranous staining, scored ‘3+’, HES × 400; (E) CD117 focal cytoplasmic staining, HES × 200. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33826.jpg | what image plane is this? | axial |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4283057_F12_348290.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Machadocepheus
rachii sp. n., adult female. SEM observations. 46 lateral view (2) 47 inclined lateral view (1). Abbreviations: see “Material and methods”. Scale bar: 46–47 = 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4532892_fig2_413850.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (a) PET CT before treatment. Arrow shows metabolically active area referring to vulvar lesion. (b) CT correlation. (c) PET CT after treatment. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4162364_F4_319815.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Thalamocortical fibers projecting from thalamus to the post-central gyrus (upper panel) and from thalamus to pre-central gyrus (lower panel) for both sides of the brain for the same participants as in Figure 1 (TD2, HCP1, and DCP3 children). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3572431_F5_185586.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunohistochemical labeling of NFASC protein overexpressed in TBM. Normal controls (A, B): Light labeling of the cortical ribbon (A) in the frontal cortex with synaptic pattern (B). TBM(C-G): Whole mount preparation (C) highlight the darker labeling of the cortical ribbon and the inflammatory exudate in the subarachnoid space. The macrophages (E) entrapped in the inflammatory exudate are strongly labeled. Glial cells (F, arrows) and linearly arranged neuronal cytoplasm (G, arrows) are strongly labeled in the grey matter. [A, C: x10, B, D: xObj.5, E-G: xObj.20]. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4451751_Fig8_392150.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Individual temperature dosages over tumor areas. a By using tumor surface temperature during hyperthermia treatment, median temperature dosages were calculated as cumulative equivalent minutes (CEM43T90) and displayed as box plots. b Example of a treatment sequence within the alternating magnetic field (AMF), the corresponding temperature distribution over the tumor surface and the effect on tumor volume. c Intratumoral distribution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) (MF66-N6LDOX) was determined using micro computed tomography 24 h prior to the first hyperthermia treatment. N6L Nucant multivalent pseudopeptide, DOX doxorubicin. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4274687_F2_346257.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Example measurements. Manual (a-c) and automatic (d-f) measurements of the aortic valve annulus in a 3D TEE recording. Initial (g) and deformed (h-i) subdivision surface. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1794409_F2_9348.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Measurements of intervertebral displacement resulting from the posterior to anterior (PA) mobilization and the prone press-up (PU) maneuver. The intervertebral (segmental) angle was measured as the angle formed by lines defining the endplates of adjacent vertebrae. Segmental lumbar displacement was defined as the difference in the intervertebral angle between the resting position (left) and intervertebral angle from the end range image (right). The arrow in Figure 2a identifies the hand of the examiner performing the PA mobilization. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24935.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | inflammatory breast cancer |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4200347_Fig4_328816.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Expression and subcellular localization of PbIMC1e. Bright-field and GFP fluorescence images of schizont, ookinete, mature oocyst and sporozoite life stages. The schizont image was captured using a CCD camera due to the low levels of fluorescence, while the other images were captured by confocal microscopy. Hoechst DNA staining (blue) indicates the position of nuclei. Arrows point to posterior structures in ookinetes and sporozoites |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvh90os074y59af22zs.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31745.jpg | what part of the body is being imaged? | genitourinary |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwycdo00086ue2pjcb9i.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Center, Upper-left, Center-left, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4184850_pone-0109111-g006_325060.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Mutating the predicted PKC phosphorylation sites in BR-C disrupts the nuclear import of BR-C.Each construct expressing full-length BR-C with the mutation of a single predicted phosphorylation site to Ala (A; blocks phosphorylation) was transfected into BmN4 cells, and the nuclear import of the expressed BR-C protein was observed by confocal microscopy two days after transfection. The construct encoding wild-type BR-C without any phosphorylation site mutation was used as a control. Two predicted phosphorylation site mutations, S373A and T406A, led to the failure of BR-C nuclear import. However, mutating the predicted PKC phosphorylation site at Ser44 could not affect the nuclear localization of BR-C. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4086707_F3_304457.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Coronal postgadolinium-pentetic acid spin echo T1-weighted with fat suppression magnetic resonance imaging. A. Abnormal prominent enhanced roof of the middle ear cavity (arrow) and thickened enhanced anteromedial part of right tentorial cerebelli (arrows). B. Abnormal prominent enhanced floor of right middle cranial fossa (arrowhead) and right cavernous sinus (arrowheads). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_xray-mouth/train_2439.jpg | Where is this? | oral |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2844.jpg | Is stress present? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01212.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Sagittal images showed an occlusion of the lower branch of the left upper pulmonary vein (LUPV) as little contrast enhancements (arrow). LA; left atrium, LUPV; left upper pulmonary vein, LV; left ventricle. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3266300_pone-0030529-g004_123618.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Co-localization of overexpressed NM1 and Myo1c.U2OS cells were co-transfected with FLAG-tagged NM1 (NM1-FL) and V5/His tagged Myo1c (Myo1c-V5/His). Cell showing nuclear localization of NM1 and Myo1c was photographed using confocal microscope (A). U2OS were transfected with Myo1c-V5/His. 48 h post transfection cells were fixed, and labeled with polyclonal antibody (R2652) directed toward the tail region of NM1/Myo1c and with monoclonal antibody against V5 (B). Intensity profiles along the regions of interest in the nucleus and nucleolus are shown under the pictures. White arrows are pointing to regions at the plasma membrane where both proteins are enriched. Scale Bar: 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4478386_fig2_399308.jpg | What is shown in this image? | (a) Cranial MR angiography showed left fetal type PCA. (b) Cervical MR angiography showed critical stenosis on left proximal internal carotid artery. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46369.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | T1 weighted axial MRI demonstrating tumor growth in the cerebellopontine angle. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4699854_pone.0145512.g007_458821.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Confocal microscopy imaging of α-sma expression in liver section.In HA-micelle group, mice injected with HA micelle shows high expression of α-sma as the fibrotic state of liver have increased proliferation of activated HSC which express α-sma (represented by green fluorescence). In losartan group mice injected with losartan reveals similar expression profile of α-sma compared to HA micelle treated mice group as the oral losartan have failed to reach the target region (activated HSC). In losartan-HA micelle group, mice injected with losartan-HA micelle have almost no expression of α-sma which indicate successful delivery of losartan encapsulated losartan-HA micelle in the target region. Blue color indicate DAPI stain. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4183947_F3_324831.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | SEM images of the CNT/fuel composites. (a) 1D, (b) 2D, and (c) 3D CNT/picric acid/sodium azide composites and (d) 1D, (e) 2D, and (f) 3D CNT/nitrocellulose/sodium azide composites. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3427331_pone-0043325-g004_151735.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | IHC analysis of porcine NNAT in the placenta using rabbit anti-NNAT.Stroma (S) represented the maternal side and fetal chorion (C) represented the fetal side. L: Luminal epithelium; G: glandular epithelium. All images were obtained at 40× magnification. Scale bars represented 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4068095_fig6_300656.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Internal reabsorption of Haversian canals with large and irregular appearance in traditional microscopy (haematoxylin-eosin staining ×100) and the same field in confocal laser scanning microscopy with double laser inducing fluorescence (green and red). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4251887_fig2_340908.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Bronchoscopic images of right main stem bronchi showing multiple polypoid lesions, which on biopsy confirmed carcinoid. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gm1s56r071u92oy36ol.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | Yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02023.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | CT frontal reformation of the neck extracted from the 18 FDG-PET/CT imaging. The arrows show the reconstructed carotid artery. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36776.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | leptomeningeal carcinomatosis |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzkdpak086ud6em4t23.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Lower-right, Lower-center |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27986.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | intussusception, adult |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3191143_pone-0025707-g005_111387.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Histopathology of liver tissues from APAP-treated wild type, mGstp1/2−/−, and hGSTP1+mGstp1/2−/− mice.Arrowheads denote central veins; arrows highlight liver injury/necrosis. Left panels are 200× original magnification and Right panels are 400× original magnification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2613892_F2_32083.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | No significant stenosis is seen on coronary angiogram: (A) left coronary artery (left anterior oblique view); (B) right coronary artery (right anterior oblique view); left ventriculography (right anterior oblique view): (C) end-diastole; (D) end-systole shows apical ballooning with basal segments hyperkinesis. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3204290_F8_113589.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | mRNA in situ hybridization of TGIF2 in tammar adult ovary. Sections were hybridized with antisense probe without counterstaining. TGIF2 mRNA (purple blue) was predominantly detected in the granulosa cells and theca cells of the secondary follicles (A & B) and tertiary follicles (C). No staining was detected in primary follicles (PF) (A) and TGIF2 mRNA was almost invisible in Graafian follicles (GF) (D). There was no staining detected in the oocytes. Signal was indicated with arrow. PF, primary follicle; GC, granulosa cell; TC, theca cell; OC, oocyte. Scale bars = 50 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv8909g074ygqvjem5q.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3715248_f2-sensors-13-07838_218591.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Narrow band images of grapevine leaves. (a) Image at 635 nm; (b) Image at 750 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3119291_F0001_99805.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (a) Pigmented choroidal melanoma located temporal to the fovea. (b) Complete regression of the melanoma into a flat chorioretinal scar after three sessions of transpupillary thermotherapy. (c) B-mode ultrasonogram shows a 2.5 mm-thick choroidal melanoma with acoustic solidity at baseline. The vitreous appears clear and there is no extraocular extension. (d) B-mode ultrasonogram after three sessions of transpupillary thermotherapy demonstrates complete regression of choroidal melanoma |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4030735_F5_290842.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Microscopic findings. (A) Proliferation was characterised by spindle elements with elongated hyperchromatic nuclei and poorly eosinophilic cytoplasm, separated by abundant oedematous fluid. These elements were occasionally arranged concentrically around vessels with thin walls (magnification × 4). (B) The cells show intense immunoreactivity for vimentin (magnification × 20) and (C) S-100 protein (magnification × 20). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3930056_F2_268244.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Plain radiographs of the left lower leg and ankle. (A) Six weeks after the onset of skin lesions, substantial calcifications were visible in the posterior tibial artery and a network of small vessels in the retromalleolar region, near the skin lesions. (B) After 11 months, the vessel calcification in the retromalleolar region was almost completely resolved and calcification in the posterior tibial artery showed apparent regression. (C) After a subsequent 11 months of cinacalcet treatment, the posterior tibial artery demonstrated further calcification regression. |
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