image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC4195687_pone-0109864-g008_327412.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Subcellular localization of pVHL in transgenic Drosophila.Immunofluorescence staining of the Drosophila eye imaginal discs over expressing pVHL30 by GMR Gal4. (A) Bright field (B) Nuclei stained using DAPI (blue) (C) Actin stained using phalloidin 568 (red) (D) Anti-pVHL antibody was used for identification of pVHL protein (purple). (E) Merge. Upper panel scale bar: 20 µm; lower panel scale bar: 10 µm (zoom in). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2847549_F1_60800.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Entrance and exit wounds (see arrows) revealed by computerized tomography (CT) scans (axial and coronal views) in conjunction with three-dimensional (3D) orbital reconstruction (anterior and posterior views). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3434888_Fig3_153421.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Pineoblastoma presenting as suspicious cyst. Contrast-enhanced sagittal (a–c) and axial (d) T1-weighted images of the brain in patient 6 (a, b) and patient 16 (c, d). The pineal gland in a shows an irregular cyst wall with tiny nodules, which progressed into a solid tumor with diffuse (nodular) leptomeningeal metastases 14 months later after treatment refusal (b). The pineal gland in patient 16 mimics a pineal cyst on the sagittal image (c), but shows a solid part of the lesion on the axial image (d), suspicious for pineoblastoma |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4033561_fig1_291672.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Myocardial biopsy histopathology. (a) Grade 2 colliquative myocytolysis and perinuclear disappearance of myofibrils with intramyocardial edema appearing as an empty sarcolemmal tube. Hematoxylin-eosin stain, ×400. (b) Interstitial fibrosis is evident. Azan staining, ×200. (c) Mild cell infiltration in the myocardium. Immunostaining for CD 45 antigens; hematoxylin-eosin stain, ×200. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4043333_F1_293765.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Example images generated using standard functional imaging (first, third rows) and free-breathing, ungated through-time radial GRAPPA with 6 calibration frames (second, fourth rows) in both diastole (top) and systole (bottom) for three different slice positions. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4394550_ijms-16-06595-f004_377545.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Immunohistochemical detection of DAZL protein expression in chicken ESCs treated with various inducers of germ cell differentiation. (A) chicken ESCs with DMEM; (B) chicken ESCs with 10−5 mol/L ATRA induction; (C) chicken ESCs with 10−6 mol/L Am80 induction; (D) chicken ESCs with 1 μg/mL E2 induction. (400× magnification). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4311062_Fig2_353862.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Comparison of serial displays for two patients (left—progressed early, right—completed therapy without signs of progression) who both had large T2L at baseline. T2L and ADC were significantly reduced in both patients immediately following onset of therapy. At post-RT, residual T2Ls were comparable for both patients, but ADC percentage values were much lower in the patient who progressed early than the patient who was stable. a ADC and FLAIR images at baseline, 1 and 2 months. b Serial display of ADC percentiles and lesion sizes. (PG progression, CT completed therapy, D deceased.). c Serial display of ADC histograms in T2L and CEL lesions |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2231377_F2_17313.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Photograph of surgical technique to minimise 'dog-ears' in mastectomy. Please see text. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_penis/train_2498.jpg | Is extremities present? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3443037_F1_154836.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunoexpression of KIT in meningioma and control samples. (A-G) Immunohistochemical staining results (A) GIST (positive control) showing strong immunopositivity with membranous staining (black arrow), (B) an otherwise KIT negative meningioma showing interspersed positive mast cells (red arrows) representing an internal control, (C) meningothelial meningioma (M10) showing weak granular cytoplasmic staining, (D) transitional meningioma (M14) displaying moderate focal staining, (E) a meningothelial meningioma (M15) with weak to moderate cytoplasmic KIT staining, (F) fibroblastic meningioma (M21) showing strong staining of the cytoplasm, (G) an atypical meningioma (M29) with strong cytoplasmic KIT expression. (H) Immunoblots of neoplastic and non-neoplastic (NN) tissue lysates, probed with antibodies to KIT and β-Tubulin. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2886876_F0001_66357.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Chest radiograph showing a mass lesion on the right upper lobe (a). The contrast-enhanced CT of the chest shows a right upper lobe soft-tissue mass with encasement of the bronchus, mediastinum invasion and an enlarged right hilar lymph node (b). The bronchoscopic image shows extensive submucosal and lymphangitic infiltration with partial obstruction of the right upper lobe orifice (c) and one whitish, keratinized tumor, easy to bleed on touch and partially occluding the RB7 bronchus lumen (d). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_71436.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Posteroanterior radiograph of the wrist shows zebra lines (white arrow heads) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3302828_pone-0033230-g004_129612.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Detection of H2bYFP positive cells in unfixed spleen sections.A) Representative spleen section from a mouse infected with 1,000 pfu of MHV68-H2bYFP and harvested at day 16 post-infection. B–E) H2bYFP positive germinal centers demonstrating the variability in the number of infected cells per germinal center. Images were collected at a magnification of 100× in A, 320× in B–D, and 200× in E. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qa1ekz08324rek2qcv.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4599735_pone.0139273.g003_431559.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | AAV-hSYN1-GCaMPer expression in rat primary cortical neurons.Rat primary cortical neurons were fixed 7 days after transducing with AAV-hSYN1-GCaMPer (10.19). Cells were immunostained with anti-GFP (green) and either the neuronal marker Map 2 (a) or astrocytic marker GFAP (b). Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 50 microns. (c) High magnification images of live primary cortical neurons expressing GCaMPer. Arrows indicate spine-like structures containing GCaMPer fluorescence. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glrs4v3071u41toe6lv.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Cecum |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4671481_awv233-F2_451022.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Correlation of grey matter volume with disease duration. Regional grey matter volume in bilateral thalamic pulvinar shows a negative correlation with epilepsy duration, i.e. grey matter volume decreases with longer duration (P < 0.005, 30 voxel threshold extent). T-values are represented in the coloured bar. L = left; R = right. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4326395_Fig1_357830.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
X-ray showing a peri-prosthetic fracture of the femur.
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC2777241_fig1_50801.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT scan showing left renal tumor before RIC HSCT. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3080809_F2_93115.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Representative images of the renal biopsy samples. A. Mild mesangial proliferation is observed. (PAS ×200) B. Obvious inflammatory cell infiltration including lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils are found in the interstitium. (PAS ×200) C. Massive fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration are observed in the interstitium. (Masson Trichrome staining ×200) D. Immunofluorescence photomicrographs showing IgA (×400). E. Immunostaining reveals abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells in the interstitium. F. Electron micrograph shows numerous electron-dense deposits in the mesangium. ×3,000. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic9892.jpg | what imaging plane is depicted here? | axial |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4554030_F3_418962.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Dynamic contrast-enhanced axial T1-weight magnetic resonance imaging before treatment: A1–A3, B1–B3, and C1–C3 are images acquired at 20, 40, and 60 seconds after contrast injection (from left to right), respectively. (A) Fibroid shows slight enhancement; (B) fibroid shows irregular enhancement; and (C) fibroid shows progressive enhancement. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3794897_pcbi-1003254-g006_236912.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Computationally predicted structure of the 531–738 subset of amino acids in the PB2 subunit of the polymerase protein of influenza A viruses.For structural prediction we used the consensus sequence for the subset of viruses' samples collected from each host species. These sequences contain two functional domains: the 627 (in cyan) and the NLS binding (in grey) domains. Highlighted in yellow are the amino acids which were identified by the RFA as discriminating host species. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4020867_pone-0097477-g003_288510.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Lipid droplets in the digestive diverticula of E. chlorotica as observed using light (A,B) confocal (C) and transmission electron (D) microscopy.Green fluorescence in panel C is from the neutral lipid fluorescent label BODIPY 505/515 (Molecular Probes) verifying these abundant refractive bodies as lipids, and the red is chlorophyll autofluorescence. Animals in these image range in age from 4 dpm (A,B) to >6 months (C,D). Arrows (A) and LD: lipid droplet, P: plastid, Lu: lumen, N: E. chlorotica nucleus. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4351633_F4_364697.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | The topography scalp distribution maps of the stimulus-elicited positivities, P2 and P3 event-related potential components, for four conditions (pre-switch, switch, post-switch, non-switch) in the open-skill, closed-skill, and control groups. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4607247_Fig1_433775.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
a. Dilated intestines and niveau (arrows), consistent with ileus, are present on this plain radiograph of the abdomen. b–e. 64-row, multi-detector, abdominal computed tomography showing hepatic b, splenic c and bilateral renal d & e infarctions |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3637178_F3_201090.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Localization of PyCPW-WPC-1 in sexual-stage parasites. Using an immunofluorescent assay (IFA), PyCPW-WPC-1 was found to be localized to the surface of developing ookinetes, including zygotes, retorts, and mature ookinetes (shown in green). The surface of developing ookinetes was stained with antibodies targeting Pys25 (red), a well-known ookinete surface protein. Nuclei were stained by DAPI (blue). The merged images represented the colocalization of PyCPW-WPC-1 and Pys25 on the parasite surface. Parasite morphology was analysed by differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging. The bar indicates 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1892556_F3_11660.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Ultrasonography showed that both testes had undergone overall degeneration to multilocular cysts, and there was overall enlargement of the testes. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2778507_fig5_51029.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | One of two patients with stage II-i disease with a ‘true-positive’ diagnosis. The soft tissue lesion in the right lower zone was reported as being a metastatic lesion on baseline CXR shortly after the patient presented with primary breast cancer in 2001 (A). However, in 2007 the lesion had not significantly changed in size (B) and was retrospectively described as being ‘unlikely to be malignant’. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4423925_d36e338_384407.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The Kailahun District (Orange) that has been the first one reporting confirmed cases of EVD in country. Villages and town reporting EVD laboratory confirmed cases: Blue point; main road = red line; administrative boundaries = grey line. Black arrow = Chronology and direction of the EVD spread. Top right square delineate the emergence zone (see 1B) where intense transmission occurred for day 1 to day 21 after confirmation of the index case. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4210195_pone-0110722-g008_330597.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Anterograde labeling with CTB-488.(A) Photomontage of images of the superior colliculus of a rat 2 days after intravitreous injection of CTB-488 (green). In the absence of optic nerve injury, the tracer is transported from the left eye through the optic nerve until it reaches the right superior colliculus. (B) Photomontage of images of a nerve 4 days after injury. CTB-488 positive axons (green) do not extend farther into the crush site; B′ shows higher magnification. Nuclei (blue) were stained with DAPI. Scale bars: 250 (A), 1000 (B) and 100 (B′) µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3356282_pone-0037310-g005_138674.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Detection of FLAG-RickA in bacteria.
R. parkeri strains that were not transformed (Rp) or transformed with pMW1650-FLAG-RickA (Rp FLAG-RickA) were used to infect Vero cells and then (A) labeled by immunofluorescence with anti-RickA antibody and stained for DNA with DAPI, or (B) labeled by immunofluorescence with anti-FLAG antibody and stained for DNA with DAPI. In the merged images, RickA or FLAG are labeled in green, and DNA in red. Scale bar 10 µm. Higher magnification images of individual bacteria (highlighted in boxes in the lower magnification images) are shown on the right. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_3015.jpg | Where is this from? | vasculature |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1po1dyb0832f8wtf3lt.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4263135_f3_343574.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Co-localization studies employing GFP–actin or Lifeact-tdEosFP as the standard actin markers.Live BSC-1 cells transiently transfected with (a) GFP–actin (green) or (b) Lifeact-tdEosFP (green) were stained with RhB-labelled probe 2 (red, 15 μM) for 30 min and imaged by confocal microscopy. Scale bars, 10 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1897.jpg | Is slide present? | no |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3669293_pone-0065139-g005_208305.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the leaf surfaces.(A) Scaning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the adaxial leaf surface. (B) SEM analysis of the abaxial leaf surface. The tips of the flag leaves of the wild type and transgenic plants at the booting stage were used for the experiments. Scale bars = 5 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3953382_pone-0091268-g006_273679.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Encapsulated rat islets one month after transplantation.Encapsulated rat islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule (KC) (A–C) or into the bone marrow (BM) (D–F) One month after transplantation the femur and kidney were harvested. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed intact capsules in the KC (A) and BM (D). Insulin staining confirmed the survival of the rat islets (B, E). The pericapsular fibrotic reaction was assessed by Masson’s coloration (C, F). The collagen/capsule surface ratio was quantified using MetaMorph software (G). Data presented are mean values ±SEM out of three (bone marrow) and four (kidney capsule) animals. Scale bar 100 µm (A,B,D,E), 1000 µm (C,F). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3250940_F1_121042.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Abdominal X-ray examination: Gas in intestine is obvious in the SAP rat (B) compared to the sham operated rat (A). X-ray film showed small intestinal gas with niveau formation (B). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2394531_F2_23208.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Axial CT scan of the abdomen, performed on 5 March 2007. Cysts in upper pole of right kidney are shown, the largest measuring 7 cm. In contrast to Figure 1, there was a marked loss of fat plane between the mid-pole of the right kidney and the postero-lateral abdominal wall. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2516326_pone-0003035-g003_26689.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | HE staining shows lymphoid cells (arrows) in the kidney tissue of the monkey #53.Scale bar corresponds to 500 µm. The magnification shows a damaged tubulus surrounded by inflammatory cells. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4090163_pone-0101246-g005_304805.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | The immunodetection of H4K5ac in ‘matured’ (A–D), ‘dry’ (E–H) and ‘germinating’ (I–L) Brachypodium embryos.Cross sections through the scutellum (A, I), the scutellum, coleoptile and leaf primordia (E), the SAM with leaf primordia (B, F, J), the RAM (C, G, K), the distal part of RAM, the root cap and coleorhiza (D, H) and the coleorhiza (L). Bar: 50 µm. Enlargements of selected cross sections are provided (Figure S1). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4515271_fig1_409503.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Coronal T1 weighted brain Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) of the patient in Case A at presentation (a) and 6 years later (b). No remarkable vascular change or mass signs were observed. Diffuse cerebral and hippocampal atrophy, as well as enlargement of the lateral ventricles, which advanced at 6 years, was consistent with comorbid Alzheimer's disease. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4685432_F1_454849.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | MSC cultivated on a 3D ceramic scaffold for 21 days under static and dynamic perfusion conditions with 21% and 5% O2 in standard growth medium (GM) or osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM). (1) MTT-viability assay. (2) Glucose consumption and lactate formation. (3) Matrix deposition: (A) calcein staining for extracellular calcium, (B) alicarin red staining for extracellular calcium, (C) Von Kossa staining for extracellular phosphate. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56988.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | papillary tumor of pineal region |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2659361_fig03_36291.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Retrogradely labeled neurons are catecholaminergic. Confocal stack images showing (a) EGFP-positive retrogradely labeled neurons in rostral A7 region, (b) DBH-ir showing the cluster of A7 neurons (Cy3 red fluorescence), and (c) overlay of confocal stack images confirming all EGFP-positive neurons are DBH-positive (d) darkfield image with overlaid fluorescence showing relative position of A7 neurons (bregma −8.4 mm). m5, motor root of the trigeminal nerve, mcp, middle cerebellar peduncle. Magenta-green copy available as Supplementary Figure 1. Scale bars = 80 μm in a–c; 100 μm in d. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0963.jpg | What is the tumour composed of? | undifferentiated anaplastic cells arranged in nests |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1414.jpg | Is craniopharyngioma present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4037216_pone-0098329-g003_292592.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings.Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in prefrontal cortex (A) and hippocampal CA1 regions (B). The immunohistochemistry for 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were performed in prefrontal cortex (C) and hippocampal CA1 regions (D). The slides were observed by light microscopy (200× magnification, n = 3). The reference bar indicated 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4630619_f1_440089.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | DADS significantly attenuates radiation-induced morphological damage in mouse testis.(A) Chemical structure of DADS. (B) Representative HE-stained histological sections of mouse testis treated with DADS (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg) and/or 4 Gy carbon ion irradiation. Seminiferous epithelium was thinner (yellow line) and cavities were formed in the seminiferous epithelium (dotted line circle) leading to hollow seminiferous tubules. Spermatogenic cells were disarranged and the spermatogonia should be close to the basement membrane. The basement membranes (arrow) were destroyed and disrupted (bracket). HE staining was performed at 40× magnification. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3214152_F3_115373.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) demonstrating hypometabolism at the spinal level correlating with the stable neurological examination. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3141010_pone-0022153-g001_102841.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Within-group maps of the left DLPFC-FC in MCI and healthy control groups.The voxels with hot color represent DLPFC positive functional connectivity, and the voxels with cold color represent DLPFC negative functional connectivity. The statistical threshold was set at P<0.01 and cluster size > = 405 mm3, which corresponded to a corrected P<0.05. Left is the left. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24744.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | MIP image presenting right extrahiliar branching (thin white arrow) as well as a double left renal artery arising from the abdominal aorta (arrowheads) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35803.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Hemorrhage fed by two perforating arteries, located at the tips of the first and fourth screws. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4369288_Fig4_370366.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Specificity of CPA for detection of FAdVs. Positive samples yielded greenish fluorescence under UV light and a “ladder-like” pattern of amplification products after agarose gel electrophoresis. 1, DNA extracted from uninfected SPF chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF); 2, Rispens/CVI988; 3, EDS; 4, ILTV; 5, FAdV-1; 6, CAV. M, molecular length marker GeneRuler™ 100 bp DNA Ladder Plus (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1530.jpg | What is present ? | female reproductive |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4008403_fig2_285453.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | (a) Coronary angiography showing nonobstructing 30% stenosis of right coronary artery with otherwise normal coronary arteries. (b) Transthoracic echocardiogram showing anteroapical and infra-apical wall hypokinesis with ejection fraction of 20%. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3503695_F1_167636.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Case 1. Orbital schwannomatosis. A: Histopathology of first tumor excision (H&E and IHC) revealing S-100 positivity (inset), indicating schwannoma. Original magnification 200x. B: Magnetic resonance imaging of the recurrent tumor demonstrating two distinct well-circumscribed superior orbital lesions (arrows) with patchy enhancement on T1 (B) and T2 (B’) imaging. C: Intraoperative photo of excised mass. D: Gross pathology of excised mass, with window in capsule showing contents. E: Histopathology of recurrent lesion (H&E) revealing schwannoma. Original magnificantion 100x and 400x (inset). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4050050_pone-0099545-g003_295994.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Confocal analyses.(A) Transfer of Nef. Transfer of Nef protein from wild type- (right panel) or Δnef-HIV-1 infected (left panel) Jurkat cells to the target, RLuc, was investigated by confocal microscopy. The transferred Nef protein (green) from the infected Jurkat cells to RLuc was visualized using anti-nef antibody followed by anti-mouse Alexa488. Red indicated Nef protein and RLuc cells stained with SD-DilC18. (B) Immunohistochemistry of primary hepatocytes. Left and right panels showed liver specimen from HCV- and HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients, and blue and green indicated nucleus and Nef protein, respectively. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1482.jpg | What is present? | adrenal |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35781.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Measuring stromal blood flow |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4202289_RRU031F1_329170.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | A patient with esophageal cancer who received radiotherapy after exploratory thoracotomy, (a) CT image when started the RT, the arrow head showed an extracapsular LN invading the esophagus, (b) CT image (mediastinal window) of the esophageal perforation (the arrow head indicates the actual communication of an air-filled esophagus with an adjacent mediastinal or paramediastinal air–fluid collection), (c) the perforation on lung window, (d) the leakage of iodine on iodine examination, (e) CT image after the placement of a self-expandable metallic stent (the arrow head indicates the stent), and (f) an X-ray after the placement of a stent (the arrow head indicates the stent). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2245911_F1_17706.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | (A) Areas of hemorrhage with extensive coagulative necrosis (arrows) (H&E, whole slide scan, equivalent to magnification of approximately ×12). (B) Vasculitis and (C) Fibrin microthrombus (H&E, original magnifications ×400). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3117678_F1_99310.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Visualisation of lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. C3H10 T1/2 cells were treated for 7 days with rosiglitazone (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM) and, after fixation with 60% isopropanol, stained with A) Oil Red O or B) Hoechst 33342 and BODIPY® 493/503. Images were acquired using A) a Nikon Coolpix 990 camera at 20× magnification or B) the Cellomics® HCS Reader camera (20×). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3836760_pone-0080640-g003_245457.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
Brachypodium distachyon internal stem internode anatomy with emphasis on vasculature.(A) Cross section of whole stem and (B) higher magnification of the first stem internode. Red, inner vascular bundles; pink, outer vascular bundles; cyan, interfascicular region compromised mostly of sclerenchyma fibers; gray, pith; lime green, chlorenchyma and sclerenchyma cells comprise the cortex; brown, epidermis. (C) Vascular bundle illustration at high magnification. Green, bundle sheath (BS); purple, phloem (P); vermilion, companion cells; tan, xylem vessels (XV); red, xylem tracheids (XT); white, lacuna (Lc); orange, xylem parenchyma cells (XP); gray, parenchyma cells (Py); blue, sclerenchyma fibers (SF). (A-B) Bar = 0.1 mm, (C) bar = 0.01 mm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4263572_biosensors-02-00127-f011_343706.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Conformal probes. (a) cMEA#1 is a 3 × 20 rectangular array well suited for electrophysiological investigations of the pyramidal and granular cells of hippocampus; (b) Using cMEA#2, monosynaptic input/output (IO) curves were recorded in CA1 in response to SchC stimulation; (c) Monosynaptic and disynaptic responses were recorded from DG and CA3 respectively by stimulating (perforant path) PP with external electrodes; (d) The cMEA#4 was designed to record the monosynaptic response of the DG, disynaptic response in the CA3 area and trisynaptic response in the CA1 when the PP is stimulated. (Reprinted from [55]. © 2006, with permission from Elsevier). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4255598_F2_341574.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Probabilistic diffusion tractography for surgical targeting and planning of a PPN DBS implantation guided by an fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery (FGATIR) MRI scan. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl3s3sv071u3qhw492a.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_41002.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | TEE revealing a huge atrial septal aneurysm with automated contrast after bolus injection of agitated saline in the right jugular vein. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4405832_Fig4_379786.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image |
Photomicrograph of cell apoptosis and podocyte marker WT-1 in KK-A
y
mice kidney. (A) The apoptotic cells were labeled with TUNEL (×400) in mice kidney. (B) The podocytes were perfumed by immunohistochemistry staining of the renal tissues for WT-1 (×400). (C) The average WT-1 positive podocytes per glomerulus were expressed as means ± SEM (n = 40). **P < 0.01 compared to KK-Ay vehicle group. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3403972_F4_146329.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A laterolateral radiograph of a German shepherd dog with a lumbosacral transitional vertebra of type 3 on the left and type 2 on the right side. A radiolucent line is visible between S1 and S2. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_53723.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) showed the intramural thrombus in the right internal carotid artery |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1680.jpg | What is present? | lymph node |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q31efb0832apn9909p.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35174.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Axial magnetic resonance T2 fat sat image showing semimembranosus bursa. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4575081_pone.0138573.g005_424870.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Description of metastatic tumor by multiple parameters from DCE-MR.A 72 years old male had a metastatic tumor in the left occipital lobe from renal cell carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI showed that the tumor is obviously enhanced with severe peritumoral edema (a) and the corresponding Ktrans (b), Ve (c) and iAUC (d) maps were also showed high value inside tumor parenchyma except central necrosis; concentration-time curve of the tumor (e), it manifested as plateau; brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (f), (Hematoxylin- Eosin(HE) ×4). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3609764_pone-0059777-g005_195086.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Transmission electron microscopic analysis of the fibrillar shape of PAP248-286.2 mg/ml PAP248-286 was incubated in the presence or absence of 30 µg/ml polyanions. The amyloid fibril shapes were visualized by negative-stain EM at different time points (12 h, 36 h, 60 h). Images are shown relative to a scale bar of 500 nm (magnification: 18,500×). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3485302_pone-0048557-g005_162992.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | AIS resistance to detergent extraction.Hippocampal neurons cultured for 21 DIV were incubated for 15 min in a buffer containing 0.5% Triton X-100 before fixation (see Experimental methods) and analyzed by confocal microscopy. After detergent extraction, Kv1.2 (A) and Kv2.2 (D) were still present in the AIS, and they colocalized with the detergent resistant AIS markers 14D4 (B) and ankyrin G (E), respectively. Asterisks indicate the location of the neuronal soma. Scale bar = 12 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3585964_pone-0055667-g007_189349.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Inhibition of laser-induced CNV by TIMP-3 peptides.TIMP-3 loop 6 and tail but not N-peptide inhibit laser-induced CNV in a mouse model. Representative images of mouse choroids at 14 days following laser photocoagulation in C57BL6 mice (a) untreated/uninjected (b) injected with PBS control (c) T3N (d) T3-Loop6 (e) injected with PBS contro (f) T3-tail. Effect of Tail peptides on CNV was evaluated by Fluorescein angiogram and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (SLO). Peptides were injected intravitreally immediately following laser burn. CNV lesion size (area X density) was calculated for each dose of T3N-peptide (Fig. 7g), Loop6-peptide (Fig. 7h) and Tail-peptide (fig. 7i). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43768.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Method to provide subsegmental drainage when fully covered stent was inserted in benign biliary stricture near hepatic hilum. Plastic stent was inserted into contralateral intrahatic duct after small (6 × 120 mm) fully covered metal stent was inserted into left intrahepatic duct. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4387967_fig2_375529.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | PET, CT and PET/CT of a 59 year old patient, referred for restaging because of elevated CA 15-3 level 12 years after surgically resected breast carcinoma of the left breast. The PET demonstrates a focal increased FDG uptake in the liver (red arrow), which is considered as malignant. The CT shows a slightly low dense area in the left lobe of liver. The PET/CT is considered as suspicious because of the PET findings. Metastatic involvement of the liver was proved by follow-up. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4231124_pone-0113144-g003_336106.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Kidney section from female rabbit immunized with native LDL showing normal morphology of glomeruli (a) (Magnification-60x); whereas, Kidney section from female rabbit immunized with D-ribose-modified LDL showing larger glomerular capillary tuft with increased number of nuclei showing proliferation of endothelium and mesenglial cells (b & c) (Magnification-60x).Scale bar 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4333297_pone.0117677.g005_360082.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Temperature mapping of living HeLa cells.A) Confocal fluorescence images and fluorescence lifetime images of the cell-permeable FPT in a HeLa cell. N indicates the nucleus (the area of the nucleus is indicated by a dotted line). B) Histograms of the fluorescence lifetime in the nucleus (red) and in the cytoplasm (blue) in a cell in A. C) Histogram of the temperature difference between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (n = 49). The temperature difference (<ΔT>) was calculated by subtracting the average temperature of the cytoplasm from that of the nucleus. The temperature of the medium was maintained at 30°C. Scale bar = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3287129_F1_127500.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Pre-operative view (frontal view, worm eye view, left and right lateral facial view). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qj1exj08326vlp9nev.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4623535_F0003_437908.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
Intra-operative radiograph demonstrating reduced epiphysis (a). Post-operative radiograph at 6 weeks indicating subtle displacement of the epiphysis (b and c).
|
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0801.jpg | Does microscopy of the tumour show lobules of monomorphic seminoma cells separated by delicate fibrous stroma containing lymphocytic infiltration? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4491367_Fig8_402875.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Propidium iodine (PI) fluorescence and differential interference contrast (DIC) microphotographs of C. albicans cells incubated with 0.1 mg/ml PF II or 0.015 mg/ml SU in comparison with control samples (C) and 1 % SDS as positive controls |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3690228_fig2_213118.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast showed mild diffuse ventriculomegaly and diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement, especially in posterior fossa area. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3991496_f3-etm-07-05-1089_282228.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Tumor size evaluation with PET scans in the ligated lobes at (A and B) prior to PVL, (C and D) day 7 following PVL and (E and F) day 14 following PVL. Ligated lobes in the HT group were referred to as lobes 1–3. PET, positron emission tomography; PVL, portal vein ligation; HT, hepatic tumor. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_74364.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Frontonasal suture movements in Y and Z planes (sagittal slice). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3501454_pone-0049763-g003_166774.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Expression of total MeCP2 and MeCP2E1 in adult murine brain.Expression of total MeCP2 and MeCP2E1, respectively in olfactory bulb (A1, H1), cerebral cortex (B1, I1), striatum (C1, J1), dentate gyrus of hippocampus (D1, K1), thalamus (E1, L1), cerebellum (F1, M1) and brain stem (G1, N1). Higher magnification images for total MeCP2 (A2–G2) and MeCP2E1 (H2–N2) shows their nuclear expression pattern within the various brain regions. Scale bars: A1–G1; H1–N1 = 80 µm, A2–G2; H2–N2 = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3789298_fig2_235541.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Lateral postop radiography (a) and postop CT scan (b) scan showed material in place, air in L5-S1 space, and reduction of the slippage L5-S1. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4191696_F0002_326708.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Axial image of contrast enhanced CT showing homogenously enhancing omental and left lumbar lesions (arrows) |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4683207_F2_454194.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | COX11-mRFP is localized to mitochondria. LSM images of root cells from Arabidopsis lines with GFP-labeled mitochondria, expressing either mRFP alone (A) or COX11-mRFP
(B), are shown. The fluorescence of mRFP and GFP targeted to mitochondria (mt-GFP) was falsely colored magenta and green, respectively. Scale bars correspond to 10 μm each. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4625724_Fig1_438800.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Repair of CPDs in K14-HPV8-E6wt mice abrogates UV-induced skin tumor formation. a K14-HPV8-E6wt animals (FVB/n background) were mated with K14-CPD-PL (FVB/n background) and offspring in F1 were irradiated with UV. The CPD-PL was reactivated by exposing animals to white fluorescent light tubes. Figure shows representative macroscopical (upper panel) and histological (lower panel, magnifications are indicated) skin images of E6−/PL− (n = 11), E6−/PL+ (n = 11), E6+/PL− (n = 11) and E6+/PL+ (n = 7) animals taken 24 days after UV-irradiation b Representative images of T^T stained skin sections of E6+/PL− (n = 3) and E6+/PL+ (n = 3) mice collected 3 days after UV treatment and photoreactivation (magnification: 640×) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2984382_F7_78644.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Photomicrographs show the immunohistochemical profile of a squamous cell carcinoma including the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slide which show a follicular arrangement of small round hyperchromatic cells. There is strong immunopositivity for cytokeratin AE1 and moderate positivity for AE3. All of the other immunohistochemical markers are negative. All immunohistochemical sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. (X400). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_1896.jpg | What is present? | female reproductive |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3699638_pone-0067652-g002_215341.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Overview of cs-BOLD imaging and the cardiac pulsatility metric.A) Axial positioning of the critically-sampled BOLD slices; B) Representative cs-BOLD axial slice from an elderly control at time point 1 (maximum tissue type contrast, non steady-state); C) smoothed mean tissue class power spectrum (each bin contains the integrated power within ±0.02 Hz of the central frequency). NB: non-brain voxels (pulsatility present because of EPI ghosting); CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; GM: grey matter; WM: white matter. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2669445_f7_37346.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Immunohistochemical staining of p-ERK 1/2, p16INK4a, p19ARF, p21WAF1/CIP1, and p53 in corneal endothelial cells. The arrows indicate the positive staining in the endothelial nuclei at various ages of each experimental group A: p-ERK 1/2, SAM R1 strain at one month; B: p16INK4a, SAM P8 strain at one month; C: p19ARF, SAM P8 strain at 12 months; D: p21WAF1/CIP1, SAM P8 strain at six months; E: p53, SAM R1 strain at 12 months. F: The negative control incubated with PBS instead of a primary antibody, SAM P8 strain at six months. Magnification: 400X. |
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