id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18,517,278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%20Puppis | k Puppis (k Pup, k Puppis) is a Bayer designation given to an optical double star in the constellation Puppis, the two components being k1 Puppis and k2 Puppis.
Bayer designation
Note that the Bayer designation for this star is "k" not "kappa" (κ). In Bayer's original Uranometria, k Puppis was listed as ρ (rho) Navis.... | K Puppis | [
"Astronomy"
] | 561 | [
"Puppis",
"Constellations"
] |
18,517,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauricella%27s%20theorem | In the theory of orthogonal functions, Lauricella's theorem provides a condition for checking the closure of a set of orthogonal functions, namely:
Theorem – A necessary and sufficient condition that a normal orthogonal set be closed is that the formal series for each function of a known closed normal orthogonal set ... | Lauricella's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 139 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in functional analysis"
] |
18,518,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Laplacian | In mathematics, the p-Laplacian, or the p-Laplace operator, is a quasilinear elliptic partial differential operator of 2nd order. It is a nonlinear generalization of the Laplace operator, where is allowed to range over . It is written as
Where the is defined as
In the special case when , this operator reduces to th... | P-Laplacian | [
"Mathematics"
] | 315 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis stubs"
] |
20,741,711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICRANet | ICRANet, the International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Network, is an international organization which promotes research activities in relativistic astrophysics and related areas. Its members are four countries and three Universities and Research Centers: Armenia, the Federative Republic of Brazil, Italian Rep... | ICRANet | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 5,251 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Astrophysics"
] |
20,744,016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20management%20system | The health management system (HMS) is an evolutionary medicine regulative process proposed by Nicholas Humphrey in which actuarial assessment of fitness and economic-type cost–benefit analysis determine the body's regulation of its physiology and health. The incorporation of the cost–benefit calculations into body reg... | Health management system | [
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 2,036 | [
"Physiology",
"Human homeostasis",
"Decision support systems",
"Information systems",
"Homeostasis"
] |
20,748,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSRK | PSRK (short for Predictive Soave–Redlich–Kwong)
is an estimation method for the calculation of phase equilibria of mixtures of chemical components. The original goal for the development of this method was to enable the estimation of properties of mixtures containing supercritical components. This class of substances ca... | PSRK | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 995 | [
"Thermodynamic models",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
20,751,641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMIT%20School%20of%20Aerospace%2C%20Mechanical%20and%20Manufacturing%20Engineering | The RMIT School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (also known as SAMME) was an Australian tertiary education school within the College of Science Engineering of RMIT University.
The School consisted of three major disciplines, Aerospace and Aviation Engineering, Manufacturing and Materials Enginee... | RMIT School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 360 | [
"Mechanical engineering schools",
"Mechanical engineering organizations",
"Engineering universities and colleges"
] |
20,753,688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20magnetic%20resonance%20spectra%20database | A nuclear magnetic resonance spectra database is an electronic repository of information concerning Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Such repositories can be downloaded as self-contained data sets or used online. The form in which the data is stored varies, ranging from line lists that can be graphically dis... | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra database | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,561 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy",
"Chemical databases",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
20,754,087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monatin | Monatin, commonly known as arruva, is a naturally occurring, high intensity sweetener isolated from the plant Sclerochiton ilicifolius, found in the Transvaal region of South Africa. Monatin contains no carbohydrate or sugar, and nearly no food energy, unlike sucrose or other nutritive sweeteners.
The name "monatin" i... | Monatin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 158 | [
"Amino acids",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification"
] |
20,754,622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement%20bond%20log | A cement bond log documents the evaluation of the integrity of cement work performed on an oil well. In the process of drilling and completing a well, cement is injected through the wellbore and rises up the annulus between the steel casing and the formation.
A sonic tool is typically run on wireline by a service comp... | Cement bond log | [
"Engineering"
] | 211 | [
"Petroleum engineering",
"Energy engineering",
"Well logging"
] |
23,593,482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C8H15NOS2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C8H15NOS2}}
The molecular formula C8H15NOS2 (molar mass: 205.341 g/mol, exact mass: 205.0595 u) may refer to:
Lipoamide
6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate
Molecular formulas | C8H15NOS2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 73 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
23,594,484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borate%20buffered%20saline | Borate buffered saline (abbreviated BBS) is a buffer used in some biochemical techniques to maintain the pH within a relatively narrow range. Borate buffers have an alkaline buffering capacity in the 8–10 range.
Boric acid has a pKa of 9.14 at 25 °C.
Applications
BBS has many uses because it is isotonic and has a str... | Borate buffered saline | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 320 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Buffer solutions",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry"
] |
23,596,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20contact%20bonding | Optical contact bonding is a glueless process whereby two closely conformal surfaces are joined, being held purely by intermolecular forces.
History
Isaac Newton has been credited with the first description of conformal interaction observed through the interference phenomenon known as Newton's rings, though it was S. ... | Optical contact bonding | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 626 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
"Molecular physics",
"Materials science",
"Intermolecular forces",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
23,597,565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design%20II%20for%20Windows | DESIGN II for Windows is a rigorous process simulator for chemical and hydrocarbon processes including refining, refrigeration, petrochemical, gas processing, gas treating, pipelines, fuel cells, ammonia, methanol and hydrogen facilities.
History
In 1969 the DESIGN program was first offered on the University Computi... | Design II for Windows | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 184 | [
"Chemical engineering software",
"Chemical engineering"
] |
23,599,134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Converted%20wetland | A converted wetland is one that has been drained, dredged, filled, leveled, or otherwise altered for the production of an agricultural commodity. The definition is part of The Highly Erodible Land Conservation and Wetland Conservation Compliance provisions (Swampbuster) introduced in the 1985 Farm Bill (also known as T... | Converted wetland | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 314 | [
"Ecological restoration",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
10,502,110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trirhenium%20nonachloride | Trirhenium nonachloride is a compound with the formula ReCl3, sometimes also written Re3Cl9. It is a dark red hygroscopic solid that is insoluble in ordinary solvents. The compound is important in the history of inorganic chemistry as an early example of a cluster compound with metal-metal bonds. It is used as a sta... | Trirhenium nonachloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 466 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Metal halides",
"Salts"
] |
10,504,376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20element%20method | In the numerical solution of partial differential equations, a topic in mathematics, the spectral element method (SEM) is a formulation of the finite element method (FEM) that uses high-degree piecewise polynomials as basis functions. The spectral element method was introduced in a 1984 paper by A. T. Patera. Although ... | Spectral element method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,150 | [
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Computational physics"
] |
10,513,240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsomal%20ethanol%20oxidizing%20system | The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) is an alternate pathway of ethanol metabolism that occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. While playing only a minor role in ethanol metabolism in average individuals, MEOS activity increases after chronic alcohol consumptio... | Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system | [
"Chemistry"
] | 332 | [
"Metabolic pathways",
"Metabolism"
] |
12,783,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomab | The BOttle MAnnequin ABsorber phantom was developed by Bush in 1949 (Bush 1949) and has since been accepted in North America as the industry standard (ANSI 1995) for calibrating whole body counting systems.
The phantom consists of 10 polyethylene bottles, either cylinders or elliptical cylinders, that represent the he... | Bomab | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 485 | [
"Radiobiology",
"Radioactivity"
] |
3,504,168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20entropy | Differential entropy (also referred to as continuous entropy) is a concept in information theory that began as an attempt by Claude Shannon to extend the idea of (Shannon) entropy (a measure of average surprisal) of a random variable, to continuous probability distributions. Unfortunately, Shannon did not derive this f... | Differential entropy | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,560 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Applied mathematics",
"Entropy and information",
"Computer science",
"Entropy",
"Information theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
3,505,214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Geller | Margaret J. Geller (born December 8, 1947) is an American astrophysicist at the Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian. Her work has included pioneering maps of the nearby universe, studies of the relationship between galaxies and their environment, and the development and application of methods for measuring t... | Margaret Geller | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,125 | [
"Astronomers",
"Astronomical objects",
"Discoverers of astronomical objects"
] |
3,508,610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostwald%20ripening | Ostwald ripening is a phenomenon observed in solid solutions and liquid sols that involves the change of an inhomogeneous structure over time, in that small crystals or sol particles first dissolve and then redeposit onto larger crystals or sol particles.
Dissolution of small crystals or sol particles and the redeposi... | Ostwald ripening | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,836 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Crystallographic defects",
"Chemical engineering",
"Materials science",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Crystallography",
"Chemical engineering thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Materials degradation",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
3,508,737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium%20tetrafluoride | Plutonium(IV) fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula PuF4. This salt is generally a brown solid but can appear a variety of colors depending on the grain size, purity, moisture content, lighting, and presence of contaminants. Its primary use in the United States has been as an intermediary product in the prod... | Plutonium tetrafluoride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 397 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Salts",
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"Metal halides",
"Fluorides",
"Matter"
] |
3,510,274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrosymmetry | In crystallography, a centrosymmetric point group contains an inversion center as one of its symmetry elements. In such a point group, for every point (x, y, z) in the unit cell there is an indistinguishable point (-x, -y, -z). Such point groups are also said to have inversion symmetry. Point reflection is a similar te... | Centrosymmetry | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 530 | [
"Geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
3,510,908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski%20functional | In mathematics, in the field of functional analysis, a Minkowski functional (after Hermann Minkowski) or gauge function is a function that recovers a notion of distance on a linear space.
If is a subset of a real or complex vector space then the or of is defined to be the function valued in the extended real num... | Minkowski functional | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,549 | [
"Functional analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical objects"
] |
116,790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygroscopy | Hygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption or adsorption from the surrounding environment, which is usually at normal or room temperature. If water molecules become suspended among the substance's molecules, adsorbing substances can become physically changed, e.g. chan... | Hygroscopy | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 6,254 | [
"Plant physiology",
"Biological engineering",
"Plants",
"Plant morphology",
"Bionics",
"Evolutionary biology concepts",
"Bioinformatics",
"nan",
"Biomimetics"
] |
117,534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20microscope | The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th cen... | Optical microscope | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 5,734 | [
"Optical microscopy",
"Microscopes",
"Measuring instruments",
"Microscopy"
] |
22,210,655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic%20locomotion | Aquatic locomotion or swimming is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium. The simplest propulsive systems are composed of cilia and flagella. Swimming has evolved a number of times in a range of organisms including arthropods, fish, molluscs, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Evolution of swim... | Aquatic locomotion | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 7,270 | [
"Animal locomotion",
"Physical phenomena",
"Behavior",
"Animals",
"Behavioural sciences",
"Motion (physics)",
"Ethology"
] |
22,211,457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93P%C3%B3sa%20theorem | In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, the Erdős–Pósa theorem, named after Paul Erdős and Lajos Pósa, relates two parameters of a graph:
The size of the largest collection of vertex-disjoint cycles contained in the graph;
The size of the smallest feedback vertex set in the graph: a set that contains one ver... | Erdős–Pósa theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,300 | [
"Theorems in graph theory",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics"
] |
22,211,736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol%20impaction | In the physics of aerosols, aerosol impaction is the process in which particles are removed from an air stream by forcing the gases to make a sharp bend. Particles above a certain size possess so much momentum that they can not follow the air stream and strike a collection surface, which is available for later analysi... | Aerosol impaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 369 | [
"Particulates",
"Particle technology",
"Aerosols",
"Colloids"
] |
22,214,599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstacle | An obstacle (also called a barrier, impediment, or stumbling block) is an object, thing, action or situation that causes an obstruction. A obstacle blocks or hinders our way forward. Different types of obstacles include physical, economic, biopsychosocial, cultural, political, technological and military.
Types
Physic... | Obstacle | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,113 | [
"Building engineering",
"Construction",
"Architectural elements",
"Civil engineering",
"Space",
"Spacetime",
"Borders",
"Components",
"Architecture"
] |
22,215,454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabolite%20repression | Carbon catabolite repression, or simply catabolite repression, is an important part of global control system of various bacteria and other microorganisms. Catabolite repression allows microorganisms to adapt quickly to a preferred (rapidly metabolizable) carbon and energy source first. This is usually achieved through... | Catabolite repression | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 927 | [
"Gene expression",
"Prokaryotes",
"Biochemical reactions",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Bacteria",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Microorganisms"
] |
22,217,265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic%20acid%20structure%20determination | Experimental approaches of determining the structure of nucleic acids, such as RNA and DNA, can be largely classified into biophysical and biochemical methods. Biophysical methods use the fundamental physical properties of molecules for structure determination, including X-ray crystallography, NMR and cryo-EM. Biochemi... | Nucleic acid structure determination | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,046 | [
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Molecular biology"
] |
22,222,088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20H.%20Brill | Robert Brill is an American archaeologist, best known for his work on the chemical analysis of ancient glass. Born in the US in 1929, Brill attended West Side High School in Newark, New Jersey, before going on to study for his B.S. degree at Upsala College (Brill 1993a, Brill 2006, Getty Conservation Institute 2009). H... | Robert H. Brill | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 6,426 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glass chemistry"
] |
19,541,161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealkalization%20of%20water | The dealkalization of water refers to the removal of alkalinity ions from water. Chloride cycle anion ion-exchange dealkalizers remove alkalinity from water.
Chloride cycle dealkalizers operate similar to sodium cycle cation water softeners. Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regen... | Dealkalization of water | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 717 | [
"Water treatment",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology",
"Water pollution"
] |
19,543,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARGOS%20DSS | ARGOS is a Decision Support System (DSS) for crisis and emergency management for incidents with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) releases.
System
In case of incidents with chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear releases, ARGOS can be used to get an overview of the situation, create a prog... | ARGOS DSS | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 475 | [
"Atmospheric dispersion modeling",
"Environmental modelling",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
19,554,842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseen%20equations | In fluid dynamics, the Oseen equations (or Oseen flow) describe the flow of a viscous and incompressible fluid at small Reynolds numbers, as formulated by Carl Wilhelm Oseen in 1910. Oseen flow is an improved description of these flows, as compared to Stokes flow, with the (partial) inclusion of convective acceleration... | Oseen equations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,299 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
459,163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphon | A siphon (; also spelled syphon) is any of a wide variety of devices that involve the flow of liquids through tubes. In a narrower sense, the word refers particularly to a tube in an inverted "U" shape, which causes a liquid to flow upward, above the surface of a reservoir, with no pump, but powered by the fall of the ... | Siphon | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 10,543 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
459,844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20acoustic%20wave | A surface acoustic wave (SAW) is an acoustic wave traveling along the surface of a material exhibiting elasticity, with an amplitude that typically decays exponentially with depth into the material, such that they are confined to a depth of about one wavelength.
Discovery
SAWs were first explained in 1885 by Lord Ray... | Surface acoustic wave | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,248 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Microtechnology",
"Surface waves",
"Materials science",
"Waves"
] |
460,235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resultant%20force | In physics and engineering, a resultant force is the single force and associated torque obtained by combining a system of forces and torques acting on a rigid body via vector addition. The defining feature of a resultant force, or resultant force-torque, is that it has the same effect on the rigid body as the original ... | Resultant force | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,177 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Dynamics (mechanics)",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
460,322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20reaction | In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, a nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei, or a nucleus and an external subatomic particle, collide to produce one or more new nuclides. Thus, a nuclear reaction must cause a transformation of at least one nuclide to another. If a nucleus interacts with another nucleu... | Nuclear reaction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,855 | [
"Nuclear fission",
"Physical phenomena",
"Nuclear chemistry",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Nuclear fusion",
"Radioactivity"
] |
460,613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20of%20integers | In mathematics, the ring of integers of an algebraic number field is the ring of all algebraic integers contained in . An algebraic integer is a root of a monic polynomial with integer coefficients: . This ring is often denoted by or . Since any integer belongs to and is an integral element of , the ring is always ... | Ring of integers | [
"Mathematics"
] | 713 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic number theory",
"Ring theory",
"Number theory"
] |
460,637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20linear%20extension | In functional analysis, it is often convenient to define a linear transformation on a complete, normed vector space by first defining a linear transformation on a dense subset of and then continuously extending to the whole space via the theorem below. The resulting extension remains linear and bounded, and is thus... | Continuous linear extension | [
"Mathematics"
] | 354 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Linear operators",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
460,642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equicontinuity | In mathematical analysis, a family of functions is equicontinuous if all the functions are continuous and they have equal variation over a given neighbourhood, in a precise sense described herein.
In particular, the concept applies to countable families, and thus sequences of functions.
Equicontinuity appears in the ... | Equicontinuity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,276 | [
"Theory of continuous functions",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Topology"
] |
460,997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backdraft | A backdraft (North American English), backdraught (British English) or smoke explosion is the abrupt burning of superheated gases in a fire caused when oxygen rapidly enters a hot, oxygen-depleted environment; for example, when a window or door to an enclosed space is opened or broken. Backdrafts are typically seen as ... | Backdraft | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,038 | [
"Building engineering",
"Combustion",
"Thermodynamics",
"Fire protection",
"Fire",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
461,227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting%20magnet | A superconducting magnet is an electromagnet made from coils of superconducting wire. They must be cooled to cryogenic temperatures during operation. In its superconducting state the wire has no electrical resistance and therefore can conduct much larger electric currents than ordinary wire, creating intense magnetic f... | Superconducting magnet | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,132 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
461,454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative%20vector%20field | In vector calculus, a conservative vector field is a vector field that is the gradient of some function. A conservative vector field has the property that its line integral is path independent; the choice of path between two points does not change the value of the line integral. Path independence of the line integral i... | Conservative vector field | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,376 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
461,517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASP | Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP), sometimes called Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction, is a community-wide, worldwide experiment for protein structure prediction taking place every two years since 1994. CASP provides research groups with an opportunity to objectively test their struct... | CASP | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,501 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"Biological engineering"
] |
6,176,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramolecular%20force | An intramolecular force (from Latin intra- 'within') is any force that binds together the atoms making up a molecule. Intramolecular forces are stronger than the intermolecular forces that govern the interactions between molecules.
Types
The classical model identifies three main types of chemical bonds — ionic, coval... | Intramolecular force | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 827 | [
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
6,176,811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newman%E2%80%93Penrose%20formalism | The Newman–Penrose (NP) formalism is a set of notation developed by Ezra T. Newman and Roger Penrose for general relativity (GR). Their notation is an effort to treat general relativity in terms of spinor notation, which introduces complex forms of the usual variables used in GR. The NP formalism is itself a special ca... | Newman–Penrose formalism | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,170 | [
"General relativity",
"nan",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
1,231,204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive%20quantum%20field%20theory | In mathematical physics, constructive quantum field theory is the field devoted to showing that quantum field theory can be defined in terms of precise mathematical structures. This demonstration requires new mathematics, in a sense analogous to classical real analysis, putting calculus on a mathematically rigorous fo... | Constructive quantum field theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 505 | [
"Functional analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical objects"
] |
1,231,776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoionization | Photoionization is the physical process in which an ion is formed from the interaction of a photon with an atom or molecule.
Cross section
Not every interaction between a photon and an atom, or molecule, will result in photoionization. The probability of photoionization is related to the photoionization cross section ... | Photoionization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 714 | [
"Ionization",
"Physical phenomena",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
1,232,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted%20geometric%20mean | In statistics, the weighted geometric mean is a generalization of the geometric mean using the weighted arithmetic mean.
Given a sample and weights , it is calculated as:
The second form above illustrates that the logarithm of the geometric mean is the weighted arithmetic mean of the logarithms of the individual val... | Weighted geometric mean | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 118 | [
"Means",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Point (geometry)",
"Calculus",
"Geometric centers",
"Non-Newtonian calculus",
"Symmetry"
] |
1,232,903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustor | A combustor is a component or area of a gas turbine, ramjet, or scramjet engine where combustion takes place. It is also known as a burner, burner can, combustion chamber or flame holder. In a gas turbine engine, the combustor or combustion chamber is fed high-pressure air by the compression system. The combustor then ... | Combustor | [
"Technology"
] | 5,110 | [
"Jet engines",
"Engines"
] |
1,232,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micellar%20electrokinetic%20chromatography | Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is a chromatography technique used in analytical chemistry. It is a modification of capillary electrophoresis (CE), extending its functionality to neutral analytes, where the samples are separated by differential partitioning between micelles (pseudo-stationary phase) and a... | Micellar electrokinetic chromatography | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,268 | [
"Chromatography",
"Separation processes"
] |
1,233,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadronization | Hadronization (or hadronisation) is the process of the formation of hadrons out of quarks and gluons. There are two main branches of hadronization: quark-gluon plasma (QGP) transformation and colour string decay into hadrons. The transformation of quark-gluon plasma into hadrons is studied in lattice QCD numerical simu... | Hadronization | [
"Physics"
] | 888 | [
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
1,233,278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary%20electrophoresis | Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a family of electrokinetic separation methods performed in submillimeter diameter capillaries and in micro- and nanofluidic channels. Very often, CE refers to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), but other electrophoretic techniques including capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capil... | Capillary electrophoresis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,989 | [
"Chromatography",
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Polymerase chain reaction",
"Separation processes",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Biochemical separation processes",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Electrophoresis"
] |
1,233,715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median%20voter%20theorem | In political science and social choice, the median voter theorem states that if voters and candidates are distributed along a one-dimensional spectrum and voters have single-peaked preferences, any voting method that is compatible with majority-rule will elect the candidate preferred by the median voter.
The theorem w... | Median voter theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,645 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Game theory",
"Mathematical economics"
] |
1,234,125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleene%20fixed-point%20theorem | In the mathematical areas of order and lattice theory, the Kleene fixed-point theorem, named after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene, states the following:
Kleene Fixed-Point Theorem. Suppose is a directed-complete partial order (dcpo) with a least element, and let be a Scott-continuous (and therefore monot... | Kleene fixed-point theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 617 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Order theory",
"Fixed-point theorems",
"Theorems in topology"
] |
1,234,251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCF%20theory | PCF theory is the name of a mathematical theory, introduced by Saharon , that deals with the cofinality of the ultraproducts of ordered sets. It gives strong upper bounds on the cardinalities of power sets of singular cardinals, and has many more applications as well. The abbreviation "PCF" stands for "possible cofinal... | PCF theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 766 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Set theory"
] |
1,234,368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20quantum%20Hall%20effect | The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is the observation of precisely quantized plateaus in the Hall conductance of 2-dimensional (2D) electrons at fractional values of , where e is the electron charge and h is the Planck constant. It is a property of a collective state in which electrons bind magnetic flux lines t... | Fractional quantum Hall effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,499 | [
"Quantum phases",
"Physical phenomena",
"Hall effect",
"Phases of matter",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Correlated electrons",
"Mesoscopic physics",
"Solid state engineering",... |
1,235,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betatron | A betatron is a type of cyclic particle accelerator for electrons. It consists of a torus-shaped vacuum chamber with an electron source. Circling the torus is an iron transformer core with a wire winding around it. The device functions similarly to a transformer, with the electrons in the torus-shaped vacuum chamber... | Betatron | [
"Physics"
] | 1,258 | [
"Accelerator physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
2,561,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration%20geophysics | Exploration geophysics is an applied branch of geophysics and economic geology, which uses physical methods at the surface of the Earth, such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic, to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with the anomalies in those properties. It is mos... | Exploration geophysics | [
"Physics"
] | 2,646 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Geophysics"
] |
2,561,815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform%20screen%20doors | Platform screen doors (PSDs), also known as platform edge doors (PEDs), are used at some train, rapid transit and people mover stations to separate the platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit, tram and light rail systems. Primarily used for passenger safety, they are a relatively new addition t... | Platform screen doors | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 9,684 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Security engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Door automation",
"Automation",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Building biology",
"Architecture"
] |
2,563,319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange%20bias | Exchange bias or exchange anisotropy occurs in bilayers (or multilayers) of magnetic materials where the hard magnetization behavior of an antiferromagnetic thin film causes a shift in the soft magnetization curve of a ferromagnetic film. The exchange bias phenomenon is of tremendous utility in magnetic recording, whe... | Exchange bias | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,346 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Hysteresis",
"Magnetic hysteresis"
] |
18,525,612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicor%20Materials | Silicor Materials Inc. is a privately held manufacturer of solar silicon and aluminum alloy. Silicor is headquartered in San Jose, California, and its silicon purification operations are performed by its wholly owned subsidiary, Silicor Materials Canada Inc., in Ontario, Canada. Silicor also has a research and developm... | Silicor Materials | [
"Engineering"
] | 626 | [
"Photovoltaics manufacturers",
"Engineering companies"
] |
18,526,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragment-based%20lead%20discovery | Fragment-based lead discovery (FBLD) also known as fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a method used for finding lead compounds as part of the drug discovery process. Fragments are small organic molecules which are small in size and low in molecular weight. It is based on identifying small chemical fragments, which... | Fragment-based lead discovery | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 975 | [
"Life sciences industry",
"Drug discovery",
"Biotechnology",
"nan",
"Medicinal chemistry"
] |
18,527,330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foldy%E2%80%93Wouthuysen%20transformation | The Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation was historically significant and was formulated by Leslie Lawrance Foldy and Siegfried Adolf Wouthuysen in 1949 to understand the nonrelativistic limit of the Dirac equation, the equation for spin-1/2 particles. A detailed general discussion of the Foldy–Wouthuysen-type transformatio... | Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,205 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Fermions",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Subatomic particles",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Dirac equation",
"Matter"
] |
768,566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20important%20publications%20in%20physics | This is a list of noteworthy publications in physics, organized by type.
General audience
List of books on popular physics concepts
Textbooks
List of textbooks on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics
List of textbooks in electromagnetism
List of textbooks on relativity
List of textbooks in thermodynamics an... | List of important publications in physics | [
"Physics"
] | 106 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
769,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niche%20construction | Niche construction is the ecological process by which an organism alters its own (or another species') local environment. These alterations can be a physical change to the organism’s environment, or it can encompass the active movement of an organism from one habitat to another where it then experiences different envir... | Niche construction | [
"Biology"
] | 2,750 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
769,434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setoid | In mathematics, a setoid (X, ~) is a set (or type) X equipped with an equivalence relation ~. A setoid may also be called E-set, Bishop set, or extensional set.
Setoids are studied especially in proof theory and in type-theoretic foundations of mathematics. Often in mathematics, when one defines an equivalence relati... | Setoid | [
"Mathematics"
] | 585 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Proof theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical objects",
"Type theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Abstract algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
769,724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian%E2%80%93Emperor%20seamount%20chain | The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a mostly undersea mountain range in the Pacific Ocean that reaches above sea level in Hawaii. It is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts: together they form a vast underwater mountain reg... | Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain | [
"Physics"
] | 2,131 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
769,911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectic%20acid | Pectic acid, also known as polygalacturonic acid, is a water-soluble, transparent gelatinous acid existing in over-ripe fruit and some vegetables. It is a product of pectin degradation in plants, and is produced via the interaction between pectinase and pectin (the latter being common in the wine-making industry.) In t... | Pectic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 196 | [
"Carbohydrates",
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Organic compound stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs",
"Polysaccharides"
] |
770,314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blot%20%28biology%29 | In molecular biology and genetics, a blot is a method of transferring large biomolecules (proteins, DNA or RNA) onto a carrier, such as a membrane composed of nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride or nylon. In many instances, this is done after a gel electrophoresis, transferring the molecules from the gel onto the b... | Blot (biology) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 892 | [
"Biochemistry",
"nan",
"Molecular biology"
] |
770,467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem%20mass%20spectrometry | Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is a technique in instrumental analysis where two or more stages of analysis using one or more mass analyzer are performed with an additional reaction step in between these analyses to increase their abilities to analyse chemical samples. A common use of tandem MS i... | Tandem mass spectrometry | [
"Physics"
] | 5,174 | [
"Mass spectrometry",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Tandem mass spectrometry"
] |
770,546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping | Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid.
Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, st... | Piping | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,941 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Plumbing",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Architecture"
] |
771,168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial%20remainder%20theorem | In algebra, the polynomial remainder theorem or little Bézout's theorem (named after Étienne Bézout) is an application of Euclidean division of polynomials. It states that, for every number , any polynomial is the sum of and the product of and a polynomial in of degree one less than the degree of . In particular, ... | Polynomial remainder theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 439 | [
"Theorems in algebra",
"Theorems about polynomials"
] |
771,562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhael%20Gromov%20%28mathematician%29 | Mikhael Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhail Gromov, Michael Gromov or Misha Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943) is a Russian-French mathematician known for his work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques in France and a professor of mathematics at New York... | Mikhael Gromov (mathematician) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,595 | [
"Geometers",
"Geometry"
] |
772,031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkless%20embedding | In topological graph theory, a mathematical discipline, a linkless embedding of an undirected graph is an embedding of the graph into three-dimensional Euclidean space in such a way that no two cycles of the graph are linked. A flat embedding is an embedding with the property that every cycle is the boundary of a topol... | Linkless embedding | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,266 | [
"Graph theory",
"Topology",
"Mathematical relations",
"Topological graph theory",
"Graph minor theory"
] |
772,150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate%20bilinear%20form | In mathematics, specifically linear algebra, a degenerate bilinear form on a vector space V is a bilinear form such that the map from V to V∗ (the dual space of V ) given by is not an isomorphism. An equivalent definition when V is finite-dimensional is that it has a non-trivial kernel: there exist some non-z... | Degenerate bilinear form | [
"Mathematics"
] | 926 | [
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
22,223,374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiscale%20geometric%20analysis | Multiscale geometric analysis or geometric multiscale analysis is an emerging area of high-dimensional signal processing and data analysis.
See also
Wavelet
Scale space
Multi-scale approaches
Multiresolution analysis
Singular value decomposition
Compressed sensing
Further reading
Signal processing
Spatial anal... | Multiscale geometric analysis | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 53 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Spatial analysis",
"Space",
"Spacetime"
] |
22,228,777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferome | Interferome is an online bioinformatics database of interferon-regulated genes (IRGs). These Interferon Regulated Genes are also known as Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs). The database contains information on type I (IFN alpha, beta), type II (IFN gamma) and type III (IFN lambda) regulated genes and is regularly upda... | Interferome | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 415 | [
"Gene expression",
"Signal transduction",
"Bioinformatics",
"Cytokines",
"Immunology",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Biological databases"
] |
4,720,804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle%20index | In combinatorial mathematics a cycle index is a polynomial in several variables which is structured in such a way that information about how a group of permutations acts on a set can be simply read off from the coefficients and exponents. This compact way of storing information in an algebraic form is frequently used i... | Cycle index | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,310 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Enumerative combinatorics",
"Combinatorics"
] |
4,721,451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal%20polymer | Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) are polymers with the property of liquid crystal, usually containing aromatic rings as mesogens. Despite uncrosslinked LCPs, polymeric materials like liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and liquid crystal networks (LCNs) can exhibit liquid crystallinity as well. They are both crosslinked LCP... | Liquid-crystal polymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,615 | [
"Polymer material properties",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
4,722,074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9%20inequality | In mathematics, the Poincaré inequality is a result in the theory of Sobolev spaces, named after the French mathematician Henri Poincaré. The inequality allows one to obtain bounds on a function using bounds on its derivatives and the geometry of its domain of definition. Such bounds are of great importance in the mode... | Poincaré inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,583 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Binary relations",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
4,723,118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detent | A detent is a mechanical or magnetic means to resist or arrest the movement of a mechanical device. Such a device can be anything ranging from a simple metal pin to a machine. The term is also used for the method involved.
Magnetic detents are most often used to divide a shaft rotation into discrete increments. Magnet... | Detent | [
"Engineering"
] | 788 | [
"Mechanical engineering",
"Mechanisms (engineering)"
] |
4,723,516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefly%20luciferase | Firefly luciferase is the light-emitting enzyme responsible for the bioluminescence of fireflies and click beetles. The enzyme catalyses the oxidation of firefly luciferin, requiring oxygen and ATP. Because of the requirement of ATP, firefly luciferases have been used extensively in biotechnology.
Mechanism of reactio... | Firefly luciferase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,612 | [
"Luminescence",
"Oxidoreductases",
"Protein classification",
"Protein domains",
"Biochemistry",
"Bioluminescence",
"Bioinorganic chemistry"
] |
4,723,731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20points%20of%20the%20elements%20%28data%20page%29 |
Critical point
References
CRC.a-d
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Critical Constants. Also agrees with Celsius values from Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Meltin... | Critical points of the elements (data page) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 445 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Properties of chemical elements",
"Units of pressure",
"Phases of matter",
"Chemical element data pages",
"Thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Phase transitions",
"Chemical data pages",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
... |
4,724,116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2015926 | The ISO 15926 is a standard for data integration, sharing, exchange, and hand-over between computer systems.
The title, "Industrial automation systems and integration—Integration of life-cycle data for process plants including oil and gas production facilities", is regarded too narrow by the present ISO 15926 develop... | ISO 15926 | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,649 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Knowledge engineering"
] |
4,725,234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extragalactic%20background%20light | The diffuse extragalactic background light (EBL) is all the accumulated radiation in the universe due to star formation processes, plus a contribution from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This radiation covers almost all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, except the microwave, which is dominated by the primord... | Extragalactic background light | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 572 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
4,725,430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial%20multipole%20moments | Axial multipole moments are a series expansion of the electric potential of a charge distribution localized close to the origin along one Cartesian axis, denoted here as the z-axis. However, the axial multipole expansion can also be applied to any potential or field that varies inversely with the distance to the sourc... | Axial multipole moments | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 718 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Functions and mappings",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mathematical objects",
"Potential theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
4,726,131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomedicine | Photomedicine is an interdisciplinary branch of medicine that involves the study and application of light with respect to health and disease. Photomedicine may be related to the practice of various fields of medicine including dermatology, surgery, interventional radiology, optical diagnostics, cardiology, circadian rh... | Photomedicine | [
"Physics"
] | 447 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Medical physics"
] |
23,600,625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawson%20topology | In mathematics and theoretical computer science, the Lawson topology, named after Jimmie D. Lawson, is a topology on partially ordered sets (posets) used in the study of domain theory. The lower topology on a poset P is generated by the subbasis consisting of all complements of principal filters on P. The Lawson topolo... | Lawson topology | [
"Mathematics"
] | 210 | [
"General topology",
"Topology stubs",
"Topology",
"Domain theory",
"Order theory"
] |
23,602,727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulational%20instability | In the fields of nonlinear optics and fluid dynamics, modulational instability or sideband instability is a phenomenon whereby deviations from a periodic waveform are reinforced by nonlinearity, leading to the generation of spectral-sidebands and the eventual breakup of the waveform into a train of pulses.
It is widel... | Modulational instability | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,009 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Fluid dynamic instabilities",
"Water waves",
"Waves",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
23,605,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane | 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane is a haloalkane with the formula . It is one of the three isomers of dichlorofluoroethane. It belongs to the hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) family of man-made compounds that contribute significantly to both ozone depletion and global warming when released into the environment.
Physiochemi... | 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 450 | [
"Greenhouse gases",
"Harmful chemical substances",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Ozone-depleting chemical substances"
] |
23,606,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner%20state | A Werner state is a -dimensional bipartite quantum state density matrix that is invariant under all unitary operators of the form . That is, it is a bipartite quantum state that satisfies
for all unitary operators U acting on d-dimensional Hilbert space. These states were first developed by Reinhard F. Werner in 1989... | Werner state | [
"Physics"
] | 438 | [
"Quantum states",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
23,607,237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-source%20data | Single-source data (also single source) is the measurement of TV and/or other mass media's advertising exposure and purchase behavior, over time for the same individual or household. This measurement is gauged through the collection of data components supplied by one or more parties overlapped through a single integrat... | Single-source data | [
"Technology"
] | 1,057 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology"
] |
20,756,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh%20wave | Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel along the surface of solids. They can be produced in materials in many ways, such as by a localized impact or by piezo-electric transduction, and are frequently used in non-destructive testing for detecting defects. Rayleigh waves are part of the seismic wa... | Rayleigh wave | [
"Physics"
] | 2,192 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Surface waves",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Waves",
"Motion (physics)"
] |
20,756,214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zineb | Zineb is the chemical compound with the formula {Zn[S2CN(H)CH2CH2N(H)CS2]}n. Structurally, it is classified as a coordination polymer and a dithiocarbamate complex. This pale yellow solid is used as fungicide.
Production and applications
It is produced by treating ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) sodium salt, "nabam", wi... | Zineb | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 342 | [
"Fungicides",
"Dithiocarbamates",
"Endocrine disruptors",
"Functional groups",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Polymers",
"Biocides"
] |
20,757,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20law%20of%20cosines | In hyperbolic geometry, the "law of cosines" is a pair of theorems relating the sides and angles of triangles on a hyperbolic plane, analogous to the planar law of cosines from plane trigonometry, or the spherical law of cosines in spherical trigonometry. It can also be related to the relativistic velocity addition for... | Hyperbolic law of cosines | [
"Physics"
] | 644 | [
"Special relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
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