id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8,155,146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedetniemi%27s%20conjecture | In graph theory, Hedetniemi's conjecture, formulated by Stephen T. Hedetniemi in 1966, concerns the connection between graph coloring and the tensor product of graphs. This conjecture states that
Here denotes the chromatic number of an undirected finite graph .
The inequality χ(G × H) ≤ min {χ(G), χ(H)} is easy: i... | Hedetniemi's conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,768 | [
"Graph coloring",
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory"
] |
8,156,507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation%20%28histology%29 | In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction. It terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions and may also increase the treated tissues' mechanical strength or stability. Tissue fixation is a critical step in the ... | Fixation (histology) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,713 | [
"Pathology",
"Biotechnology",
"Histology",
"nan",
"Microscopy"
] |
8,157,026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan%27s%20algorithm | Tarjan's algorithm may refer to one of several algorithms attributed to Robert Tarjan, including:
Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm
Tarjan's off-line lowest common ancestors algorithm
Tarjan's algorithm for finding bridges in an undirected graph
Tarjan's algorithm for finding simple circuits in a di... | Tarjan's algorithm | [
"Mathematics"
] | 79 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Algorithms",
"Mathematical logic"
] |
15,642,481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furaneol | Furaneol, or strawberry furanone, is an organic compound used in the flavor and perfume industry. It is formally a derivative of furan. It is a white or colorless solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents.
Odor and occurrence
Although malodorous at high concentrations, it exhibits a sweet strawberry aroma w... | Furaneol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 313 | [
"Enols",
"Functional groups"
] |
15,647,049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramaria%20formosa | Ramaria formosa, commonly known as the pinkish coral mushroom, salmon coral, beautiful clavaria, handsome clavaria, yellow-tipped- or pink coral fungus, is a coral fungus found in Europe. Similar forms collected in North America are considered to represent a different species.
It is a pinkish, much-branched coral-shap... | Ramaria formosa | [
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 682 | [
"Poisonous fungi",
"Fungi",
"Toxicology",
"Fungus species"
] |
15,648,386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoromethylidyne | Fluoromethylidyne is not a stable chemical species but a metastable radical containing one highly reactive carbon atom bound to one fluorine atom with the formula CF. The carbon atom has a lone-pair and a single unpaired (radical) electron in the ground state.
Ground-state fluoromethylidyne radicals can be produced by... | Fluoromethylidyne | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 176 | [
"Free radicals",
"Organic compounds",
"Senescence",
"Biomolecules",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Reactive intermediates",
"Organic compound stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs"
] |
462,138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20in%20a%20one-dimensional%20lattice | In quantum mechanics, the particle in a one-dimensional lattice is a problem that occurs in the model of a periodic crystal lattice. The potential is caused by ions in the periodic structure of the crystal creating an electromagnetic field so electrons are subject to a regular potential inside the lattice. It is a gen... | Particle in a one-dimensional lattice | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,712 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Quantum models",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
462,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryogenesis | In physical cosmology, baryogenesis (also known as baryosynthesis) is the physical process that is hypothesized to have taken place during the early universe to produce baryonic asymmetry, i.e. the imbalance of matter (baryons) and antimatter (antibaryons) in the observed universe.
One of the outstanding problems in m... | Baryogenesis | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,892 | [
"Physical cosmological concepts",
"Antimatter",
"Cosmogony",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Big Bang",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Particle physics",
"Matter"
] |
462,421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen%20toxicity | Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen () at increased partial pressures. Severe cases can result in cell damage and death, with effects most often seen in the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes. Historically, the central nervous system condition was called ... | Oxygen toxicity | [
"Chemistry"
] | 8,918 | [
"Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements",
"Element toxicology"
] |
463,044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition%20polymer | In polymer chemistry, an addition polymer is a polymer that forms by simple linking of monomers without the co-generation of other products. Addition polymerization differs from condensation polymerization, which does co-generate a product, usually water. Addition polymers can be formed by chain polymerization, when t... | Addition polymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 836 | [
"Polymerization reactions",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Materials science"
] |
463,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salbutamol | Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. It is a short-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle. It is used to treat asthma, including asthma attacks and e... | Salbutamol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,218 | [
"Racemic mixtures",
"Chemical substances for emergency medicine",
"Stereochemistry",
"Chemical mixtures",
"Chemicals in medicine"
] |
463,407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxiway | A taxiway is a path for aircraft at an airport connecting runways with aprons, hangars, terminals and other facilities. They mostly have a hard surface such as asphalt or concrete, although smaller general aviation airports sometimes use gravel or grass.
Most airports do not have a specific speed limit for taxiing (th... | Taxiway | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,896 | [
"Airport infrastructure",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
463,408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airframe | The mechanical structure of an aircraft is known as the airframe. This structure is typically considered to include the fuselage, undercarriage, empennage and wings, and excludes the propulsion system.
Airframe design is a field of aerospace engineering that combines aerodynamics, materials technology and manufacturi... | Airframe | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,011 | [
"Structural system",
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering"
] |
463,721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20group | In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219... | Space group | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,113 | [
"Symmetry",
"Mathematical structures",
"Molecular geometry",
"Molecules",
"Stereochemistry",
"Finite groups",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Algebraic structures",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Geometry",
"Matter"
] |
464,331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-intercept | In analytic geometry, using the common convention that the horizontal axis represents a variable and the vertical axis represents a variable , a -intercept or vertical intercept is a point where the graph of a function or relation intersects the -axis of the coordinate system. As such, these points satisfy .
Using e... | Y-intercept | [
"Mathematics"
] | 363 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical objects",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
465,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/700%20%28number%29 | 700 (seven hundred) is the natural number following 699 and preceding 701.
It is the sum of four consecutive primes (167 + 173 + 179 + 181), the perimeter of a Pythagorean triangle (75 + 308 + 317) and a Harshad number.
Integers from 701 to 799
Nearly all of the palindromic integers between 700 and 800 (i.e. nearly a... | 700 (number) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,658 | [
"Elementary mathematics",
"Integers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers"
] |
465,128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroflexia | The Chloroflexia are a class of bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexota. Chloroflexia are typically filamentous, and can move about through bacterial gliding. It is named after the order Chloroflexales.
Etymology
The name "Chloroflexi" is a Neolatin plural of "Chloroflexus", which is the name of the first genus describe... | Chloroflexia | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,309 | [
"Bacteria",
"Photosynthesis",
"Phototrophic bacteria"
] |
6,188,564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20acoustic%20tomography | Ocean acoustic tomography is a technique used to measure temperatures and currents over large regions of the ocean. On ocean basin scales, this technique is also known as acoustic thermometry. The technique relies on precisely measuring the time it takes sound signals to travel between two instruments, one an acoust... | Ocean acoustic tomography | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,614 | [
"Ocean currents",
"Oceanographic instrumentation",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Physical oceanography",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
6,188,802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader%20%28spark%29 | In electromagnetism, a leader is a hot, highly conductive channel of plasma that plays a critical part during dielectric breakdown within a long electric spark.
Mechanism
When a gas is subjected to high voltage stress, the electric field is often quite non-uniform near one, or both, of the high voltage electrodes maki... | Leader (spark) | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Astronomy"
] | 504 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Materials science stubs",
"Plasma physics",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Electrical breakdown",
"Lightning",
"Electromagnetism stubs"
] |
6,190,932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perifocal%20coordinate%20system | The perifocal coordinate (PQW) system is a frame of reference for an orbit. The frame is centered at the focus of the orbit, i.e. the celestial body about which the orbit is centered. The unit vectors and lie in the plane of the orbit. is directed towards the periapsis of the orbit and has a true anomaly () of 90 d... | Perifocal coordinate system | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 501 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Astrodynamics",
"Coordinate systems"
] |
6,193,005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating%20tank | A rotating tank is a device used for fluid dynamics experiments. Typically cylinders filled with water on a rotating platform, the tanks can be used in various ways to simulate the atmosphere or ocean.
For example, a rotating tank with an ice bucket in the center can represent the Earth, with a cold pole simulated by... | Rotating tank | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 96 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
6,194,406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectangular%20potential%20barrier | In quantum mechanics, the rectangular (or, at times, square) potential barrier is a standard one-dimensional problem that demonstrates the phenomena of wave-mechanical tunneling (also called "quantum tunneling") and wave-mechanical reflection. The problem consists of solving the one-dimensional time-independent Schröd... | Rectangular potential barrier | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,461 | [
"Scattering theory",
"Equations of physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum models",
"Quantum mechanical potentials",
"Scattering",
"Schrödinger equation"
] |
6,196,078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cox%20process | In probability theory, a Cox process, also known as a doubly stochastic Poisson process is a point process which is a generalization of a Poisson process where the intensity that varies across the underlying mathematical space (often space or time) is itself a stochastic process. The process is named after the statisti... | Cox process | [
"Mathematics"
] | 301 | [
"Point processes",
"Point (geometry)",
"Poisson point processes"
] |
1,235,959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection%20zone | A convection zone, convective zone or convective region of a star is a layer which is unstable due to convection. Energy is primarily or partially transported by convection in such a region. In a radiation zone, energy is transported by radiation and conduction.
Stellar convection consists of mass movement of plasma w... | Convection zone | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 686 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Convection",
"Thermodynamics",
"Stellar phenomena"
] |
1,235,977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20integral | In mathematics, there are several integrals known as the Dirichlet integral, after the German mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, one of which is the improper integral of the sinc function over the positive real number line.
This integral is not absolutely convergent, meaning has infinite Lebesgue or Rieman... | Dirichlet integral | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,141 | [
"Special functions",
"Calculus",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical physics",
"Integral calculus"
] |
1,236,616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedorah | , also known as the Smog Monster, is a fictional monster, or kaiju who first appeared in Toho's 1971 film Godzilla vs. Hedorah. Hedorah was named for , the Japanese word for sludge, slime, vomit or chemical ooze.
Overview
Development
Whereas Godzilla was a symbol of Japanese concerns over nuclear weapons, Hedorah was... | Hedorah | [
"Biology"
] | 1,461 | [
"Superorganisms",
"Fictional superorganisms"
] |
1,238,415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z22%20%28computer%29 | The Z22 was the seventh computer model Konrad Zuse developed (the first six being the Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 and Z11, respectively). One of the early commercial computers, the Z22's design was finished about 1955. The major version jump from Z11 to Z22 was due to the use of vacuum tubes, as opposed to the electromechanical... | Z22 (computer) | [
"Technology"
] | 770 | [
"Serial computers",
"Computers"
] |
1,239,716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariser%E2%80%93Parr%E2%80%93Pople%20method | In molecular physics, the Pariser–Parr–Pople method applies semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods to the quantitative prediction of electronic structures and spectra, in molecules of interest in the field of organic chemistry. Previous methods existed—such as the Hückel method which led to Hückel's rule—but were li... | Pariser–Parr–Pople method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 501 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Molecular physics",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Semiempirical quantum chemistry methods",
" and optical physics"
] |
23,752,090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oulu%20University%20Secure%20Programming%20Group | The Oulu University Secure Programming Group (OUSPG) is a research group at the University of Oulu that studies, evaluates and develops methods of implementing and testing application and system software in order to prevent, discover and eliminate implementation level security vulnerabilities in a pro-active fashion. T... | Oulu University Secure Programming Group | [
"Engineering"
] | 381 | [
"Software engineering",
"Software testing"
] |
23,756,855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe%20plastic%20deformation | Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a generic term describing a group of metalworking techniques involving very large strains typically involving a complex stress state or high shear, resulting in a high defect density and equiaxed "ultrafine" grain (UFG) size (d < 1000 nm) or nanocrystalline (NC) structure (d < 100 nm... | Severe plastic deformation | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,295 | [
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
18,543,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20approximation%20theorem | In the mathematical theory of artificial neural networks, universal approximation theorems are theorems of the following form: Given a family of neural networks, for each function from a certain function space, there exists a sequence of neural networks from the family, such that according to some criterion. That is... | Universal approximation theorem | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,317 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Network architecture",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
18,545,328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aescin | Aescin or escin is a mixture of saponins with anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and vasoprotective effects found in Aesculus hippocastanum (the horse chestnut). Aescin is the main active component in horse chestnut, and is responsible for most of its medicinal properties. The main active compound of aescin is β-aescin... | Aescin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 316 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Natural products",
"Saponins"
] |
18,545,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-bulk%20cargo | In the ocean shipping trade, neo-bulk cargo is a type of cargo that is a subcategory of general / break-bulk cargo, that exists alongside the other main categories of bulk cargo and containerized cargo. Gerhardt Muller, erstwhile professor at the United States Merchant Marine Academy and Manager of Regional Intermodal... | Neo-bulk cargo | [
"Physics"
] | 380 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Transport stubs"
] |
18,548,164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20Operational%20Research%20Service | In the United Kingdom, the Government Operational Research Service (GORS) supports and champions Operational Research across government. GORS currently supports policy-making, strategy and operations in many different departments and agencies across the United Kingdom and employs over 1000 analysts, ranging from sandwi... | Government Operational Research Service | [
"Mathematics"
] | 79 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Operations research"
] |
18,550,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarker%20Insights | Biomarker Insights is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal focusing on biomarkers and their clinical applications. The journal aims to be a venue for rapid communications in the field. The journal was established in 2006 and was originally published by Libertas Academica. SAGE Publications became the publisher ... | Biomarker Insights | [
"Chemistry"
] | 103 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biochemistry journals",
"Biochemistry literature",
"Biochemistry journal stubs"
] |
18,550,252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20Bioinformatics | Evolutionary Bioinformatics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal focusing on computational biology in the study of evolution. The journal was established in 2005 by Allen Rodrigo and is currently edited by Dennis Wall (Stanford University). It was originally published by Libertas Academica, but Sage Publis... | Evolutionary Bioinformatics | [
"Biology"
] | 132 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Bioinformatics and computational biology journals"
] |
23,617,720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest%20resistance%20management%20plans | To protect the continued use of biopesticides, the United States Environmental Protection Agency is requiring companies developing transgenic crops to submit and implement pest resistance management plans as a requirement of product registration.
If they are exposed to a toxin excessively, most insect populations can ... | Pest resistance management plans | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 243 | [
"Genetic engineering and agriculture",
"Regulation of genetically modified organisms",
"Genetic engineering",
"Regulation of biotechnologies"
] |
23,618,338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C8H16 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C8H16}}
The molecular formula C8H16 (molar mass: 112.21 g/mol, exact mass: 112.1252 u) may refer to:
Cyclooctane
Methylcycloheptane
Dimethylcyclohexanes
Octenes
1-Octene
Molecular formulas | C8H16 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 75 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
23,619,112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimetric%20electrical%20network | An antimetric electrical network is an electrical network that exhibits anti-symmetrical electrical properties. The term is often encountered in filter theory, but it applies to general electrical network analysis. Antimetric is the diametrical opposite of symmetric; it does not merely mean "asymmetric" (i.e., "lacking... | Antimetric electrical network | [
"Engineering"
] | 628 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Electronic design",
"Analog circuits",
"Filter theory",
"Electronic engineering",
"Design"
] |
23,619,441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20E.%20S.%20Turner | William Ernest Stephen Turner (22 September 1881 – 27 October 1963) was a British chemist and pioneer of scientific glass technology.
Biography
Turner was born in Wednesbury, Staffordshire on 22 September 1881. He went to King Edward VI Grammar School, Five Ways, Birmingham, and achieved a BSc (1902) and MSc (1904) in... | W. E. S. Turner | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 812 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Materials science"
] |
3,517,607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbitol-MacConkey%20agar | Sorbitol-MacConkey agar is a variant of traditional MacConkey agar used in the detection of E. coli O157:H7. Traditionally, MacConkey agar has been used to distinguish those bacteria that ferment lactose from those that do not. This is important because gut bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, can typically ferment la... | Sorbitol-MacConkey agar | [
"Biology"
] | 417 | [
"Microbiological media",
"Microbiology equipment"
] |
3,518,436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%20model | Transistors are simple devices with complicated behavior. In order to ensure the reliable operation of circuits employing transistors, it is necessary to scientifically model the physical phenomena observed in their operation using transistor models. There exists a variety of different models that range in complexity a... | Transistor model | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,493 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Computer engineering"
] |
3,521,038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal%E2%80%93isobaric%20ensemble | The isothermal–isobaric ensemble (constant temperature and constant pressure ensemble) is a statistical mechanical ensemble that maintains constant temperature and constant pressure applied. It is also called the -ensemble, where the number of particles is also kept as a constant. This ensemble plays an important r... | Isothermal–isobaric ensemble | [
"Physics"
] | 1,087 | [
"Statistical ensembles",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
3,521,050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR%20gate | XOR gate (sometimes EOR, or EXOR and pronounced as Exclusive OR) is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is odd. An XOR gate implements an exclusive or () from mathematical logic; that is, a true output results if one, and only one, of the inputs to the gate is true. ... | XOR gate | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,712 | [
"Boolean algebra",
"Digital electronics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
3,522,161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askaryan%20radiation | The Askaryan radiation also known as Askaryan effect is the phenomenon whereby a particle traveling faster than the phase velocity of light in a dense dielectric (such as salt, ice or the lunar regolith) produces a shower of secondary charged particles which contains a charge anisotropy and emits a cone of coherent ra... | Askaryan radiation | [
"Physics"
] | 297 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Particle physics"
] |
3,523,316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20parameter%20system | In control theory, a distributed-parameter system (as opposed to a lumped-parameter system) is a system whose state space is infinite-dimensional. Such systems are therefore also known as infinite-dimensional systems. Typical examples are systems described by partial differential equations or by delay differential equa... | Distributed parameter system | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,734 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
22,258,202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch%20status%20check | A launch status check, also known as a "go/no go poll" and several other terms, occurs at the beginning of an American spaceflight mission in which flight controllers monitoring various systems are queried for operation and readiness status before a launch can proceed. For Space Shuttle missions, in the firing room at ... | Launch status check | [
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 930 | [
"Rocketry",
"Spaceflight",
"Outer space",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
22,259,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MineCam | The MineCam is a remote exploration camera built by I.A.Recordings. It is used for mine shaft exploration and other similar environments. It was originally conceptualized in 1988, and since went under several design revisions. The name MineCam, is a pun on MiniCam, an early hand-held broadcast camera built by CBS Labor... | MineCam | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,022 | [
"Machines",
"Robots",
"Physical systems",
"Electronic engineering",
"Video hardware"
] |
1,852,572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marangoni%20effect | The Marangoni effect (also called the Gibbs–Marangoni effect) is the mass transfer along an interface between two phases due to a gradient of the surface tension. In the case of temperature dependence, this phenomenon may be called thermo-capillary convection or Bénard–Marangoni convection.
History
This phenomenon was... | Marangoni effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,822 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Convection",
"Civil engineering",
"Thermodynamics",
"Fluid mechanics"
] |
1,853,037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot%20welding | Robot welding is the use of mechanized programmable tools (robots), which completely automate a welding process by both performing the weld and handling the part. Processes such as gas metal arc welding, while often automated, are not necessarily equivalent to robot welding, since a human operator sometimes prepares t... | Robot welding | [
"Engineering"
] | 578 | [
"Welding",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
1,853,344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor%20area%20ratio | Floor area ratio (FAR) is the ratio of a building's total floor area (gross floor area) to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built. It is often used as one of the regulations in city planning along with the building-to-land ratio. The terms can also refer to limits imposed on such a ratio through zoning. F... | Floor area ratio | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,621 | [
"Quantity",
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios"
] |
1,853,642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20damage | Water damage describes various possible losses caused by water intruding where it will enable attack of a material or system by destructive processes such as rotting of wood, mold growth, bacteria growth, rusting of steel, swelling of composite woods, de-laminating of materials such as plywood, short-circuiting of elec... | Water damage | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,849 | [
"Building engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Architecture"
] |
1,853,790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide%20bridge | A suicide bridge is a bridge used frequently by people to end their lives, most typically by jumping off and into the water or ground below. A fall from the height of a tall bridge into water may be fatal, although some people have survived jumps from high bridges such as the Golden Gate Bridge. However, significant in... | Suicide bridge | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,078 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Bridges"
] |
1,853,791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20conductivity | In science and engineering, hydraulic conductivity (, in SI units of meters per second), is a property of porous materials, soils and rocks, that describes the ease with which a fluid (usually water) can move through the pore space, or fracture network. It depends on the intrinsic permeability (, unit: m) of the mater... | Hydraulic conductivity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,648 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Soil mechanics",
"Soil physics",
"Physical properties",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
1,854,270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainout%20%28radioactivity%29 | A rainout is the process of precipitation causing the removal of radioactive particles from the atmosphere onto the ground, creating nuclear fallout by rain. The rainclouds of the rainout are often formed by the particles of a nuclear explosion itself and because of this, the decontamination of rainout is more difficul... | Rainout (radioactivity) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 581 | [
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
1,854,369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20head | Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum.
It is usually measured as a liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer. In an aquifer, it can be calculated from the depth to water in a piezometric well (a s... | Hydraulic head | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,924 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Hydrology",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Water",
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Pressure",
"Water wells",
"Aquifers",
"Environmental engineering",
"Piping",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,854,440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawdown%20%28hydrology%29 | In hydrology, there are two similar but distinct definitions in use for the word drawdown:
In subsurface hydrogeology, drawdown is the reduction in hydraulic head observed at a well in an aquifer, typically due to pumping a well as part of an aquifer test or well test.
In surface water hydrology and civil engineerin... | Drawdown (hydrology) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 984 | [
"Hydrology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Water wells",
"Civil engineering",
"Aquifers",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
1,854,663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLIMMER | In bioinformatics, GLIMMER (Gene Locator and Interpolated Markov ModelER) is used to find genes in prokaryotic DNA. "It is effective at finding genes in bacteria, archea, viruses, typically finding 98-99% of all relatively long protein coding genes". GLIMMER was the first system that used the interpolated Markov model ... | GLIMMER | [
"Biology"
] | 2,939 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Bioinformatics software"
] |
1,855,478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azide-alkyne%20Huisgen%20cycloaddition | The azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition is a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an azide and a terminal or internal alkyne to give a 1,2,3-triazole. Rolf Huisgen was the first to understand the scope of this organic reaction. American chemist Karl Barry Sharpless has referred to copper-catalyzed version of this cycloaddi... | Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,441 | [
"Name reactions",
"Ring forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
1,855,722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optic%20modulator | An acousto-optic modulator (AOM), also called a Bragg cell or an acousto-optic deflector (AOD), uses the acousto-optic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves (usually at radio-frequency). They are used in lasers for Q-switching, telecommunications for signal modulation, and in spectrosco... | Acousto-optic modulator | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,278 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical devices"
] |
1,855,974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautological%20one-form | In mathematics, the tautological one-form is a special 1-form defined on the cotangent bundle of a manifold In physics, it is used to create a correspondence between the velocity of a point in a mechanical system and its momentum, thus providing a bridge between Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics (on the ... | Tautological one-form | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 890 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Lagrangian mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Hamiltonian mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
20,776,409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Streisinger | George Streisinger (December 27, 1927 – August 11, 1984) was an American molecular biologist and co-founder of the Institute of Molecular Biology at the University of Oregon. He was the first person to clone a vertebrate, cloning zebrafish in his University of Oregon laboratory. He also pioneered work in the genetics o... | George Streisinger | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 670 | [
"Cloning",
"Genetic engineering"
] |
20,781,979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronov%E2%80%93Pontryagin%20criterion | The Andronov–Pontryagin criterion is a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of dynamical systems in the plane. It was derived by Aleksandr Andronov and Lev Pontryagin in 1937.
Statement
A dynamical system
where is a -vector field on the plane, ,
is orbitally topologically stable if and only if t... | Andronov–Pontryagin criterion | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 360 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
20,783,558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20politics%20in%20the%20Jordan%20River%20basin | Water politics in the Jordan River basin refers to political issues of water within the Jordan River drainage basin, including competing claims and water usage, and issues of riparian rights of surface water along transnational rivers, as well as the availability and usage of ground water. Water resources in the region... | Water politics in the Jordan River basin | [
"Engineering"
] | 6,198 | [
"Irrigation projects"
] |
2,572,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%E2%80%93voltage%20characteristic | A current–voltage characteristic or I–V curve (current–voltage curve) is a relationship, typically represented as a chart or graph, between the electric current through a circuit, device, or material, and the corresponding voltage, or potential difference, across it.
In electronics
In electronics, the relationship ... | Current–voltage characteristic | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,340 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
2,573,213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrable%20system | In mathematics, integrability is a property of certain dynamical systems. While there are several distinct formal definitions, informally speaking, an integrable system is a dynamical system with sufficiently many conserved quantities, or first integrals, that its motion is confined to a submanifold
of much smaller d... | Integrable system | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,685 | [
"Integrable systems",
"Theoretical physics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Hamiltonian mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,574,067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative%20process | In particle physics, a radiative process refers to one elementary particle emitting another and continuing to exist. This typically happens when a fermion emits a boson such as a gluon or photon.
See also
Bremsstrahlung
Radiation
Particle physics
References | Radiative process | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 58 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Waves",
"Radiation",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs"
] |
2,574,174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20emission | Acoustic emission (AE) is the phenomenon of radiation of acoustic (elastic) waves in solids that occurs when a material undergoes irreversible changes in its internal structure, for example as a result of crack formation or plastic deformation due to aging, temperature gradients, or external mechanical forces.
In part... | Acoustic emission | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,439 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Materials science",
"Nondestructive testing",
"Materials testing",
"nan"
] |
2,574,259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregated%20diamond%20nanorod | Aggregated diamond nanorods, or ADNRs, are a nanocrystalline form of diamond, also known as nanodiamond or hyperdiamond.
Discovery
Nanodiamond or hyperdiamond was produced by compression of graphite in 2003 by a group of researchers in Japan and in the same work, published in Nature, it was shown to be much harder t... | Aggregated diamond nanorod | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 554 | [
"Allotropes of carbon",
"Allotropes",
"Materials",
"Superhard materials",
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanomaterials",
"Matter"
] |
2,574,377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion-weighted%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging | Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI or DW-MRI) is the use of specific MRI sequences as well as software that generates images from the resulting data that uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in MR images. It allows the mapping of the diffusion process of molecules, mainly water, in... | Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 7,630 | [
"Tensors",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Magnetic resonance imaging"
] |
2,574,486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fubini%E2%80%93Study%20metric | In mathematics, the Fubini–Study metric (IPA: /fubini-ʃtuːdi/) is a Kähler metric on a complex projective space CPn endowed with a Hermitian form. This metric was originally described in 1904 and 1905 by Guido Fubini and Eduard Study.
A Hermitian form in (the vector space) Cn+1 defines a unitary subgroup U(n+1) in GL... | Fubini–Study metric | [
"Physics"
] | 2,994 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
2,574,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergius%20process | The Bergius process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high-volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure. It was first developed by Friedrich Bergius in 1913. In 1931 Bergius was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of high-pre... | Bergius process | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,410 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Petroleum technology",
"Synthetic fuel technologies"
] |
2,574,694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone%20beam%20reconstruction | In microtomography X-ray scanners, cone beam reconstruction is one of two common scanning methods, the other being Fan beam reconstruction.
Cone beam reconstruction uses a 2-dimensional approach for obtaining projection data. Instead of utilizing a single row of detectors, as fan beam methods do, a cone beam systems u... | Cone beam reconstruction | [
"Physics"
] | 324 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Medical physics"
] |
2,576,183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride%20volatility | Fluoride volatility is the tendency of highly fluorinated molecules to vaporize at comparatively low temperatures. Heptafluorides, hexafluorides and pentafluorides have much lower boiling points than the lower-valence fluorides. Most difluorides and trifluorides have high boiling points, while most tetrafluorides and m... | Fluoride volatility | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,436 | [
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Salts",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Fluorides"
] |
2,576,261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20avalanche | An electron avalanche is a process in which a number of free electrons in a transmission medium are subjected to strong acceleration by an electric field and subsequently collide with other atoms of the medium, thereby ionizing them (impact ionization). This releases additional electrons which accelerate and collide wi... | Electron avalanche | [
"Physics"
] | 942 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Electrical breakdown"
] |
2,576,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin%20total%20synthesis | Aflatoxin total synthesis concerns the total synthesis of a group of organic compounds called aflatoxins. These compounds occur naturally in several fungi. As with other chemical compound targets in organic chemistry, the organic synthesis of aflatoxins serves various purposes. Traditionally it served to prove the stru... | Aflatoxin total synthesis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 527 | [
"Total synthesis",
"Chemical synthesis"
] |
2,576,676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelcase | Steelcase Inc. is an international manufacturer of furniture, casegoods, seating, and storage and partitioning systems for offices, hospitals, classrooms, and residential interiors. It is headquartered in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States.
History
Originally known as The Metal Office Furniture Company, Steelcase ... | Steelcase | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,732 | [
"Industrial design",
"Design engineering",
"Design"
] |
2,576,885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-replaceable%20unit | A field-replaceable unit (FRU) is a printed circuit board, part, or assembly that can be quickly and easily removed from a computer or other piece of electronic equipment, and replaced by the user or a technician without having to send the entire product or system to a repair facility. FRUs allow a technician lacking i... | Field-replaceable unit | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 525 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Maintenance",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
772,517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiolkovsky%20rocket%20equation | The classical rocket equation, or ideal rocket equation is a mathematical equation that describes the motion of vehicles that follow the basic principle of a rocket: a device that can apply acceleration to itself using thrust by expelling part of its mass with high velocity and can thereby move due to the conservation ... | Tsiolkovsky rocket equation | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,211 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Equations of physics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
774,220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond%20anvil%20cell | A diamond anvil cell (DAC) is a high-pressure device used in geology, engineering, and materials science experiments. It permits the compression of a small (sub-millimeter-sized) piece of material to extreme pressures, typically up to around 100–200 gigapascals, although it is possible to achieve pressures up to 770 gi... | Diamond anvil cell | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 5,181 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Geophysics",
"High pressure science",
"Physical chemistry",
"Matter"
] |
776,619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20gyre | In oceanography, a gyre () is any large system of ocean surface currents moving in a circular fashion driven by wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis effect; planetary vorticity, horizontal friction and vertical friction determine the circulatory patterns from the wind stress curl (torque).
Gyre can refer t... | Ocean gyre | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 6,110 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
776,713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified%20field%20theory | In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a single type of field. According to modern discoveries in physics, forces are not transmitted directly between interacting objects but instead are described and inter... | Unified field theory | [
"Physics"
] | 1,879 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Particle physics",
"Theories of gravity"
] |
777,147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20inverter | A solar inverter or photovoltaic (PV) inverter is a type of power inverter which converts the variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network. It is a cri... | Solar inverter | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 7,300 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electric power",
"Physical quantities"
] |
777,293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouabain | Ouabain or (from Somali waabaayo, "arrow poison" through French ouabaïo) also known as g-strophanthin, is a plant derived toxic substance that was traditionally used as an arrow poison in eastern Africa for both hunting and warfare. Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside and in lower doses, can be used medically to treat hyp... | Ouabain | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,205 | [
"Total synthesis",
"Chemical ecology",
"Plant toxins",
"Chemical synthesis"
] |
777,462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblast | In vertebrates, a neuroblast or primitive nerve cell is a postmitotic cell that does not divide further, and which will develop into a neuron after a migration phase. In invertebrates such as Drosophila, neuroblasts are neural progenitor cells which divide asymmetrically to produce a neuroblast, and a daughter cell of ... | Neuroblast | [
"Biology"
] | 1,536 | [
"Cell biology"
] |
777,471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering%20geology | Engineering geology is the application of geology to engineering study for the purpose of assuring that the geological factors regarding the location, design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and accounted for. Engineering geologists provide geological and geotechnical recomme... | Engineering geology | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,072 | [
"Civil engineering",
"Geotechnical engineering"
] |
4,739,327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multifocal%20multiphoton%20microscopy | Multifocal multiphoton microscopy is a microscopy technique for generating 3D images, which uses a laser beam, separated by an array of microlenses into a number of beamlets, focused on the sample. The multiple signals are imaged onto a CCD camera in the same way as in a conventional microscope. The image rate is deter... | Multifocal multiphoton microscopy | [
"Chemistry"
] | 232 | [
"Microscopy"
] |
4,739,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STED%20microscopy | Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the techniques that make up super-resolution microscopy. It creates super-resolution images by the selective deactivation of fluorophores, minimizing the area of illumination at the focal point, and thus enhancing the achievable resolution for a given system. It... | STED microscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 2,529 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Microscopy",
"Spectroscopy",
"Cell imaging"
] |
4,739,827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplane%20separation%20theorem | In geometry, the hyperplane separation theorem is a theorem about disjoint convex sets in n-dimensional Euclidean space. There are several rather similar versions. In one version of the theorem, if both these sets are closed and at least one of them is compact, then there is a hyperplane in between them and even two pa... | Hyperplane separation theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,060 | [
"Theorems in convex geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
4,740,956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadocene%20dichloride | Vanadocene dichloride is an organometallic complex with formula (η5-C5H5)2VCl2 (commonly abbreviated as Cp2VCl2). It is a structural analogue of titanocene dichloride but with vanadium(IV) instead of titanium(IV). This compound has one unpaired electron, hence Cp2VCl2 is paramagnetic. Vanadocene dichloride is a suitabl... | Vanadocene dichloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 245 | [
"Organometallic chemistry",
"Cyclopentadienyl complexes"
] |
4,741,089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans%20instability | The Jeans instability is a concept in astrophysics that describes an instability that leads to the gravitational collapse of a cloud of gas or dust. It causes the collapse of interstellar gas clouds and subsequent star formation. It occurs when the internal gas pressure is not strong enough to prevent the gravitational... | Jeans instability | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,062 | [
"Interstellar media",
"Outer space",
"Fluid dynamic instabilities",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Astrophysics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,742,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20boundary | In thermal equilibrium, each phase (i.e. liquid, solid etc.) of physical matter comes to an end at a transitional point, or spatial interface, called a phase boundary, due to the immiscibility of the matter with the matter on the other side of the boundary. This immiscibility is due to at least one difference between ... | Phase boundary | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 283 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Applied mathematics",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Applied mathematics stubs",
"Thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Matter"
] |
4,743,399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born%E2%80%93Huang%20approximation | The Born–Huang approximation (named after Max Born and Huang Kun) is an approximation closely related to the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. It takes into account diagonal nonadiabatic effects in the electronic Hamiltonian better than the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Despite the addition of correction terms, the el... | Born–Huang approximation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 283 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Approximations",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Mathematical relations",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
4,744,322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux%20linkage | In electrical engineering the term flux linkage is used to define the interaction of a multi-turn inductor with the magnetic flux as described by the Faraday's law of induction. Since the contributions of all turns in the coil add up, in the over-simplified situation of the same flux passing through all the turns, the... | Flux linkage | [
"Physics"
] | 872 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Fundamental interactions"
] |
4,744,351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination%20polymer | A coordination polymer is an inorganic or organometallic polymer structure containing metal cation centers linked by ligands. More formally a coordination polymer is a coordination compound with repeating coordination entities extending in 1, 2, or 3 dimensions.
It can also be described as a polymer whose repeat units... | Coordination polymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,288 | [
"Polymers",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
4,744,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-listed | Blue-listed species are species that belong to the Blue List and includes any indigenous species or subspecies (taxa) considered to be vulnerable in their locale in order to provide early warning to federal and regional governments. Vulnerable taxa are of special concern because of characteristics that make them partic... | Blue-listed | [
"Biology"
] | 443 | [
"Biota by conservation status",
"Biodiversity"
] |
4,745,069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-ray%20goby | Stonogobiops nematodes, the Filament-finned prawn-goby, the Antenna goby, the high-fin goby, the red-banded goby, the high-fin red-banded goby, the striped goby, the barber-pole goby, or the black-ray Goby, is a species of marine goby native to the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean from the Seychelles to the Phil... | Black-ray goby | [
"Biology"
] | 1,369 | [
"Biological interactions",
"Behavior",
"Symbiosis"
] |
8,160,680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocontainment%20of%20genetically%20modified%20organisms | Since the advent of genetic engineering in the 1970s, concerns have been raised about the dangers of the technology. Laws, regulations, and treaties were created in the years following to contain genetically modified organisms and prevent their escape. Nevertheless, there are several examples of failure to keep GM cr... | Biocontainment of genetically modified organisms | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,462 | [
"Regulation of genetically modified organisms",
"Biological engineering",
"Genetically modified organisms",
"Regulation of biotechnologies",
"Genetic engineering",
"Genetic engineering and agriculture",
"nan",
"Molecular biology"
] |
8,161,079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20Genetic%20Systems | Plant Genetic Systems (PGS), since 2002 part of Bayer CropScience, is a biotech company located in Ghent, Belgium. The focus of its activities is the genetic engineering of plants. The company is best known for its work in the development of insect-resistant transgenic plants.
Its origin goes back to the work of Marc ... | Plant Genetic Systems | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 664 | [
"Genetic engineering and agriculture",
"Genetic engineering"
] |
8,163,713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galenic%20formulation | Galenic formulation deals with the principles of preparing and compounding medicines in order to optimize their absorption. Galenic formulation is named after Claudius Galen, a 2nd Century AD Greek physician, who codified the preparation of drugs using multiple ingredients. Today, galenic formulation is part of pharmac... | Galenic formulation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 109 | [
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"nan",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Biochemistry"
] |
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