id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
485,427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Boolean%20Expression%20Language | The Advanced Boolean Expression Language (ABEL) is an obsolete hardware description language (HDL) and an associated set of design tools for programming programmable logic devices (PLDs). It was created in 1983 by Data I/O Corporation, in Redmond, Washington.
ABEL includes both concurrent equation and truth table logi... | Advanced Boolean Expression Language | [
"Engineering"
] | 409 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Hardware description languages"
] |
485,457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodogram | In signal processing, a periodogram is an estimate of the spectral density of a signal. The term was coined by Arthur Schuster in 1898. Today, the periodogram is a component of more sophisticated methods (see spectral estimation). It is the most common tool for examining the amplitude vs frequency characteristics of F... | Periodogram | [
"Physics"
] | 747 | [
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
485,472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnshaw%27s%20theorem | Earnshaw's theorem states that a collection of point charges cannot be maintained in a stable stationary equilibrium configuration solely by the electrostatic interaction of the charges. This was first proven by British mathematician Samuel Earnshaw in 1842.
It is usually cited in reference to magnetic fields, but was ... | Earnshaw's theorem | [
"Physics"
] | 2,979 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"No-go theorems",
"Equations of physics",
"Levitation",
"Eponymous theorems of physics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Physics theorems"
] |
486,341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-wave-sustained%20discharge | A surface-wave-sustained discharge is a plasma that is excited by propagation of electromagnetic surface waves. Surface wave plasma sources can be divided into two groups depending upon whether the plasma generates part of its own waveguide by ionisation or not. The former is called a self-guided plasma. The surface w... | Surface-wave-sustained discharge | [
"Physics"
] | 419 | [
"Waves in plasmas",
"Physical phenomena",
"Plasma physics",
"Surface waves",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Waves",
"Plasma physics stubs"
] |
486,436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational%E2%80%93vibrational%20spectroscopy | Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy is a branch of molecular spectroscopy that is concerned with infrared and Raman spectra of molecules in the gas phase. Transitions involving changes in both vibrational and rotational states can be abbreviated as rovibrational (or ro-vibrational) transitions. When such transitions em... | Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,456 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Molecular physics",
"Instrumental analysis",
"nan",
"Spectroscopy",
"Chemical physics"
] |
486,525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20modification | Surface modification is the act of modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the ones originally found on the surface of a material.
This modification is usually made to solid materials, but it is possible to find examples of the modification to the ... | Surface modification | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 863 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
487,354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover%20%28telecommunications%29 | In telecommunications and tradecraft, cover is the technique of concealing or altering the characteristics of communications patterns for the purpose of denying an unauthorized receiver information that would be of value.
The purpose of cover is not to make the communication secure, but to make it look like noise, ren... | Cover (telecommunications) | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 208 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
487,433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylation | Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealk... | Alkylation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,076 | [
"Petroleum technology",
"Organic reactions",
"Chemical processes",
"Oil refining",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
487,493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%208%20element | |-
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Group 8 is a group (column) of chemical elements in the periodic table. It consists of iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and hassium (Hs). "Group 8" is the modern standard designation for this ... | Group 8 element | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,112 | [
"Periodic table",
"Groups (periodic table)"
] |
487,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%2012%20element | |-
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Group 12, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table. It includes zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and copernicium (Cn). Formerly this group was named IIB... | Group 12 element | [
"Chemistry"
] | 5,623 | [
"Periodic table",
"Groups (periodic table)"
] |
487,518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%2010%20element | |-
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Group 10, numbered by current IUPAC style, is the group of chemical elements in the periodic table that consists of nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and darmstadtium (Ds). All are d-block... | Group 10 element | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,459 | [
"Periodic table",
"Groups (periodic table)"
] |
487,540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20ring | In abstract algebra, a nonzero ring R is a prime ring if for any two elements a and b of R, arb = 0 for all r in R implies that either a = 0 or b = 0. This definition can be regarded as a simultaneous generalization of both integral domains and simple rings.
Although this article discusses the above definition, prime ... | Prime ring | [
"Mathematics"
] | 454 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Ring theory"
] |
487,541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix%20ring | In abstract algebra, a matrix ring is a set of matrices with entries in a ring R that form a ring under matrix addition and matrix multiplication. The set of all matrices with entries in R is a matrix ring denoted Mn(R) (alternative notations: Matn(R) and ). Some sets of infinite matrices form infinite matrix rings. ... | Matrix ring | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,850 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Ring theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
487,599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-Monte%20Carlo%20method | In numerical analysis, the quasi-Monte Carlo method is a method for numerical integration and solving some other problems using low-discrepancy sequences (also called quasi-random sequences or sub-random sequences) to achieve variance reduction. This is in contrast to the regular Monte Carlo method or Monte Carlo integ... | Quasi-Monte Carlo method | [
"Physics"
] | 1,796 | [
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Computational physics"
] |
487,627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20%28ring%20theory%29 | In algebra, a domain is a nonzero ring in which implies or . (Sometimes such a ring is said to "have the zero-product property".) Equivalently, a domain is a ring in which 0 is the only left zero divisor (or equivalently, the only right zero divisor). A commutative domain is called an integral domain. Mathematical... | Domain (ring theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 931 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Ring theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
487,641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympatric%20speciation | In evolutionary biology, sympatric speciation is the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region. In evolutionary biology and biogeography, sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organisms whose ranges overlap so that they occur togethe... | Sympatric speciation | [
"Biology"
] | 3,604 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Evolutionary processes",
"Speciation",
"Ecology",
"Taxonomy (biology)"
] |
487,748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication%20source | A source or sender is one of the basic concepts of communication and information processing. Sources are objects which encode message data and transmit the information, via a channel, to one or more observers (or receivers).
In the strictest sense of the word, particularly in information theory, a source is a process... | Communication source | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 455 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
23,936,022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure%20%28number%20theory%29 | In mathematics, an infrastructure is a group-like structure appearing in global fields.
Historic development
In 1972, D. Shanks first discovered the infrastructure of a real quadratic number field and applied his baby-step giant-step algorithm to compute the regulator of such a field in binary operations (for every... | Infrastructure (number theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,270 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebra",
"Mathematical objects",
"Number theory",
"Algebraic structures",
"Algebraic number theory",
"Abstract algebra"
] |
23,937,596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed%20bill | Fixed bill refers to an energy pricing program in which a consumer pays a predetermined amount for their total energy consumption for a given period. The price is independent of the amount of energy the customer uses or the unit price of the energy. Energy companies can offer this type of pricing by hedging the risks o... | Fixed bill | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 628 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Energy economics",
"Power (physics)",
"Electric power",
"Electrical engineering",
"Environmental social science"
] |
23,937,630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intron-mediated%20enhancement | Intron-mediated enhancement (IME) is the ability of an intron sequence to enhance the expression of a gene containing that intron. In particular, the intron must be present in the transcribed region of the gene for enhancement to occur, differentiating IME from the action of typical transcriptional enhancers. Descripti... | Intron-mediated enhancement | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 402 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
23,941,067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20algebraic%20geometry | Differential algebraic geometry is an area of differential algebra that adapts concepts and methods from algebraic geometry and applies them to systems of differential equations, especially algebraic differential equations.
Another way of generalizing ideas from algebraic geometry is diffiety theory.
References
Diffe... | Differential algebraic geometry | [
"Mathematics"
] | 133 | [
"Differential algebra",
"Fields of abstract algebra"
] |
23,941,767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosolvable%20group | In mathematics, more precisely in algebra, a prosolvable group (less common: prosoluble group) is a group that is isomorphic to the inverse limit of an inverse system of solvable groups. Equivalently, a group is called prosolvable, if, viewed as a topological group, every open neighborhood of the identity contains a no... | Prosolvable group | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 198 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Properties of groups",
"Group theory",
"Topological spaces",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Algebraic structures",
"Geometry",
"Topological groups",
"Spacetime",
"Numbe... |
25,264,092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-growing%20hierarchy | In computability theory, computational complexity theory and proof theory, the slow-growing hierarchy is an ordinal-indexed family of slowly increasing functions gα: N → N (where N is the set of natural numbers, {0, 1, ...}). It contrasts with the fast-growing hierarchy.
Definition
Let μ be a large countable ordinal ... | Slow-growing hierarchy | [
"Mathematics"
] | 492 | [
"Computability theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Proof theory"
] |
25,264,191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy%20hierarchy | In computability theory, computational complexity theory and proof theory, the Hardy hierarchy, named after G. H. Hardy, is a hierarchy of sets of numerical functions generated from an ordinal-indexed family of functions hα: N → N (where N is the set of natural numbers, {0, 1, ...}) called Hardy functions. It is relate... | Hardy hierarchy | [
"Mathematics"
] | 501 | [
"Computability theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Proof theory"
] |
25,274,578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrity%20engineering%20audit | An Integrity Engineering Audit is carried out within an Integrity engineering function so as to ensure compliance with international, national and company specific standards and regulations.
It is carried out in order to prove that the system is compliant, transparent, effective and efficient. API Recommended Practi... | Integrity engineering audit | [
"Engineering"
] | 448 | [
"Maintenance",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
1,897,245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating | A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, or substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. Coatings may be applied as liquids, gases or solids e.g. powder coatings.
Paints and lacquers are coatings that mostly have dual uses, which are protecting the ... | Coating | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,938 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Metallurgy",
"Coatings",
"Materials science",
"Corrosion",
"Electrochemistry",
"nan",
"Materials degradation"
] |
1,899,305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann%20relation | In a plasma, the Boltzmann relation describes the number density of an isothermal charged particle fluid when the thermal and the electrostatic forces acting on the fluid have reached equilibrium.
In many situations, the electron density of a plasma is assumed to behave according to the Boltzmann relation, due to thei... | Boltzmann relation | [
"Physics"
] | 401 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Plasma physics equations"
] |
1,900,416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TomPaine.com | TomPaine.com was a website with news and opinion on United States politics from a progressive perspective, named after the political writer Thomas Paine. It featured a mixture of original articles and links to articles on other websites.
TomPaine.com was founded in 1999 by John Moyers as an independent, non-profit jou... | TomPaine.com | [
"Technology"
] | 453 | [
"Computing stubs",
"World Wide Web stubs"
] |
1,901,903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal%20bipyramidal%20molecular%20geometry | In chemistry, a trigonal bipyramid formation is a molecular geometry with one atom at the center and 5 more atoms at the corners of a triangular bipyramid. This is one geometry for which the bond angles surrounding the central atom are not identical (see also pentagonal bipyramid), because there is no geometrical arran... | Trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 879 | [
"Molecular geometry",
"Molecules",
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan",
"Spacetime",
"Matter"
] |
1,902,224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoscope | A monoscope was a special form of video camera tube which displayed a single still video image. The image was built into the tube, hence the name. The tube resembled a small cathode-ray tube (CRT). Monoscopes were used beginning in the 1950s to generate TV test patterns and station logos. This type of test card generat... | Monoscope | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 581 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology",
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Electronic engineering",
"Display technology",
"Matter"
] |
1,902,312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen-associated%20molecular%20pattern | Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are small molecular motifs conserved within a class of microbes, but not present in the host. They are recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in both plants and animals. This allows the innate immune system to recognize pat... | Pathogen-associated molecular pattern | [
"Biology"
] | 995 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
6,330,972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic%20gene%20modulation | Therapeutic gene modulation refers to the practice of altering the expression of a gene at one of various stages, with a view to alleviate some form of ailment. It differs from gene therapy in that gene modulation seeks to alter the expression of an endogenous gene (perhaps through the introduction of a gene encoding a... | Therapeutic gene modulation | [
"Biology"
] | 3,495 | [
"Therapeutic gene modulation"
] |
6,333,385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-theorem | In quantum field theory the C-theorem states that there exists a positive real function, , depending on the coupling constants of the quantum field theory considered, , and on the energy scale, , which has the following properties:
decreases monotonically under the renormalization group (RG) flow.
At fixed points of ... | C-theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 527 | [
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Equations of physics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Critical phenomena",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Renormalization group",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Mathematical physics",
"Physics theorem... |
6,334,273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detection%20of%20internally%20reflected%20Cherenkov%20light | In particle detectors a detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) detector measures the velocity of charged particles and is used for particle identification. It is a design of a ring imaging Cherenkov detector where Cherenkov light that is contained by total internal reflection inside the solid radiator... | Detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 344 | [
"Particle detectors",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
6,334,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-factory | In particle physics, a B-factory, or sometimes a beauty factory, is a particle collider experiment designed to produce and detect a large number of B mesons so that their properties and behavior can be measured with small statistical uncertainty. Tau leptons and D mesons are also copiously produced at B-factories.
His... | B-factory | [
"Physics"
] | 576 | [
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
8,310,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivin | Survivin, also called baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 or BIRC5, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BIRC5 gene.
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family. The survivin protein functions to inhibit caspase activation, thereby leading to negative regulation of apo... | Survivin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 9,284 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
8,314,468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradbury%E2%80%93Nielsen%20shutter | A Bradbury–Nielsen shutter (or Bradbury–Nielsen gate) is a type of electrical ion gate, which was first proposed in an article by Norris Bradbury and Russel A. Nielsen, where they used it as an electron filter. Today they are used in the field of mass spectrometry where they are used in both TOF mass spectrometers and ... | Bradbury–Nielsen shutter | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 431 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
8,315,449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick%E2%80%93slip%20phenomenon | The stick–slip phenomenon, also known as the slip–stick phenomenon or simply stick–slip, is a type of motion exhibited by objects in contact sliding over one another. The motion of these objects is usually not perfectly smooth, but rather irregular, with brief accelerations (slips) interrupted by stops (sticks). Stick... | Stick–slip phenomenon | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 927 | [
"Mechanical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Force",
"Friction",
"Physical quantities",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Surface science",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
2,636,319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxon | In physics, a fluxon is a quantum of electromagnetic flux. The term may have any of several related meanings.
Superconductivity
In the context of superconductivity, in type II superconductors fluxons (also known as Abrikosov vortices) can form when the applied field lies between and . The fluxon is a small whisker o... | Fluxon | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 373 | [
"Josephson effect",
"Physical quantities",
"Theoretical physics",
"Superconductivity",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Theoretical physics stubs",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
2,636,884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source%20criticism | Source criticism (or information evaluation) is the process of evaluating an information source, i.e.: a document, a person, a speech, a fingerprint, a photo, an observation, or anything used in order to obtain knowledge. In relation to a given purpose, a given information source may be more or less valid, reliable or... | Source criticism | [
"Technology"
] | 6,244 | [
"Scientific misconduct",
"Ethics of science and technology"
] |
2,640,459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian%20manifold | In mathematics, and more specifically in differential geometry, a Hermitian manifold is the complex analogue of a Riemannian manifold. More precisely, a Hermitian manifold is a complex manifold with a smoothly varying Hermitian inner product on each (holomorphic) tangent space. One can also define a Hermitian manifold ... | Hermitian manifold | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,302 | [
"Riemannian manifolds",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Metric spaces"
] |
2,640,809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorne%E2%80%93Hawking%E2%80%93Preskill%20bet | The Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet was a public bet on the outcome of the black hole information paradox made in 1997 by physics theorists Kip Thorne and Stephen Hawking on the one side, and John Preskill on the other, according to the document they signed 6 February 1997, as shown in Hawking's 2001 book The Universe in a... | Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 692 | [
"Black holes",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Density",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
22,431,652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASTQ%20format | FASTQ format is a text-based format for storing both a biological sequence (usually nucleotide sequence) and its corresponding quality scores. Both the sequence letter and quality score are each encoded with a single ASCII character for brevity.
It was originally developed at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute to bun... | FASTQ format | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 6,117 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Biological engineering",
"Biological sequence format"
] |
820,253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz%20decomposition | In physics and mathematics, the Helmholtz decomposition theorem or the fundamental theorem of vector calculus states that certain differentiable vector fields can be resolved into the sum of an irrotational (curl-free) vector field and a solenoidal (divergence-free) vector field. In physics, often only the decompositio... | Helmholtz decomposition | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,809 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in calculus",
"Calculus",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
820,572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiltration%20gallery | An infiltration gallery is a structure including perforated conduits in gravel to expedite transfer of water to or from a soil.
Water supply
Infiltration galleries may be used to collect water from the aquifer underlying a river. Water from an infiltration gallery has the advantage of bank filtration to reduce the wat... | Infiltration gallery | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 363 | [
"Hydrology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
821,148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level%20of%20measurement | Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. This framework of ... | Level of measurement | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,028 | [
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Measurement",
"Size"
] |
821,611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20harmonic%20motion | In physics, complex harmonic motion is a complicated realm based on the simple harmonic motion. The word "complex" refers to different situations. Unlike simple harmonic motion, which is regardless of air resistance, friction, etc., complex harmonic motion often has additional forces to dissipate the initial energy and... | Complex harmonic motion | [
"Physics"
] | 1,122 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Space",
"Mechanics",
"Spacetime"
] |
821,877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductively%20coupled%20plasma | An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) or transformer coupled plasma (TCP) is a type of plasma source in which the energy is supplied by electric currents which are produced by electromagnetic induction, that is, by time-varying magnetic fields.
Operation
There are three types of ICP geometries: planar (Fig. 3 (a)), cyl... | Inductively coupled plasma | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 785 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Ion source",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Electrodynamics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
822,294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain-waste-vent%20system | A drain-waste-vent system (or DWV) is the combination of pipes and plumbing fittings that captures sewage and greywater within a structure and routes it toward a water treatment system. It includes venting to the exterior environment to prevent a vacuum from forming and impeding fixtures such as sinks, showers, and to... | Drain-waste-vent system | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,952 | [
"Building engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Architecture"
] |
824,435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar%20refractivity | Molar refractivity, , is a measure of the total polarizability of a mole of a substance.
For a perfect dielectric which is made of one type of molecule, the molar refractivity is proportional to the polarizability of a single molecule of the substance. For real materials, intermolecular interactions (the effect of the... | Molar refractivity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 453 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Intensive quantities",
"nan",
"Optical quantities",
"Physical chemistry",
"Molar quantities"
] |
825,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlet%20integration | Verlet integration () is a numerical method used to integrate Newton's equations of motion. It is frequently used to calculate trajectories of particles in molecular dynamics simulations and computer graphics. The algorithm was first used in 1791 by Jean Baptiste Delambre and has been rediscovered many times since then... | Verlet integration | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,277 | [
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry",
"Molecular physics",
"Computational physics"
] |
825,748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylene | Propylene, also known as propene, is an unsaturated organic compound with the chemical formula . It has one double bond, and is the second simplest member of the alkene class of hydrocarbons. It is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor.
Propylene is a product of combustion from forest fires, cigarette smoke... | Propylene | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,984 | [
"Matter",
"Products of chemical industry",
"Petrochemicals",
"Phases of matter",
"Organic compounds",
"Alkenes",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Monomers",
"Commodity chemicals",
"Gases"
] |
826,258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillation%20%28physics%29 | In condensed matter physics, scintillation ( ) is the physical process where a material, called a scintillator, emits ultraviolet or visible light under excitation from high energy photons (X-rays or gamma rays) or energetic particles (such as electrons, alpha particles, neutrons, or ions). See scintillator and scintil... | Scintillation (physics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,152 | [
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Scattering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
826,956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clausius%E2%80%93Mossotti%20relation | In electromagnetism, the Clausius–Mossotti relation, named for O. F. Mossotti and Rudolf Clausius, expresses the dielectric constant (relative permittivity, ) of a material in terms of the atomic polarizability, , of the material's constituent atoms and/or molecules, or a homogeneous mixture thereof. It is equivalent t... | Clausius–Mossotti relation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 845 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electromagnetism",
"Equations of physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Electrodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
827,305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noncommutative%20quantum%20field%20theory | In mathematical physics, noncommutative quantum field theory (or quantum field theory on noncommutative spacetime) is an application of noncommutative mathematics to the spacetime of quantum field theory that is an outgrowth of noncommutative geometry and index theory in which the coordinate functions are noncommutativ... | Noncommutative quantum field theory | [
"Physics"
] | 1,174 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Mathematical quantization",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
827,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20carrier | An energy carrier is a substance (fuel) or sometimes a phenomenon (energy system) that contains energy that can be later converted to other forms such as mechanical work or heat or to operate chemical or physical processes.
Such carriers include springs, electrical batteries, capacitors, pressurized air, dammed water,... | Energy carrier | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 707 | [
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
3,588,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20%28physics%29 | Scalar quantities or simply scalars are physical quantities that can be described by a single pure number (a scalar, typically a real number), accompanied by a unit of measurement, as in "10cm" (ten centimeters).
Examples of scalar quantities are length, mass, charge, volume, and time.
Scalars may represent the magnit... | Scalar (physics) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,202 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities"
] |
3,588,836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardness | In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to plastic deformation, such as an indentation (over an area) or a scratch (linear), induced mechanically either by pressing or abrasion. In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such as titanium ... | Hardness | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,665 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Solid mechanics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Materials testing",
"Mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Hardness tests",
"Physical properties",
"Matter"
] |
3,590,121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliquat%20336 | Aliquat 336 (Starks' catalyst) is a quaternary ammonium salt used as a phase transfer catalyst and metal extraction reagent. It contains a mixture of C8 (octyl) and C10 (decyl) chains with C8 predominating. It is an ionic liquid.
Applications
Organic Chemistry
Aliquat 336 is used as a phase transfer catalyst, includ... | Aliquat 336 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 328 | [
"Catalysis",
"Catalysts",
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Salts",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
3,591,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface%20%28matter%29 | In the physical sciences, an interface is the boundary between two spatial regions occupied by different matter, or by matter in different physical states. The interface between matter and air, or matter and vacuum, is called a surface, and studied in surface science. In thermal equilibrium, the regions in contact are ... | Interface (matter) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 377 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
3,592,504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck%E2%80%93boost%20converter | The buck–boost converter is a type of DC-to-DC converter that has an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude. It is equivalent to a flyback converter using a single inductor instead of a transformer. Two different topologies are called buck–boost converter. Both of ... | Buck–boost converter | [
"Physics"
] | 2,602 | [
"Voltage",
"Physical quantities",
"Voltage regulation"
] |
3,593,309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay%20channel | In information theory, a relay channel is a probability model of the communication between a sender and a receiver aided by one or more intermediate relay nodes.
General discrete-time memoryless relay channel
A discrete memoryless single-relay channel can be modelled as four finite sets, and , and a conditional pro... | Relay channel | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 891 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
3,593,667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20layer%20epitaxy | Atomic layer epitaxy (ALE), more generally known as atomic layer deposition (ALD), is a specialized form of thin film growth (epitaxy) that typically deposit alternating monolayers of two elements onto a substrate. The crystal lattice structure achieved is thin, uniform, and aligned with the structure of the substrate... | Atomic layer epitaxy | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 519 | [
"Thin film deposition",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
3,593,867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20beam%20epitaxy | Chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) forms an important class of deposition techniques for semiconductor layer systems, especially III-V semiconductor systems. This form of epitaxial growth is performed in an ultrahigh vacuum system. The reactants are in the form of molecular beams of reactive gases, typically as the hydride or... | Chemical beam epitaxy | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,938 | [
"Thin film deposition",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Chemical vapor deposition",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
3,594,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpack%20helicopter | A backpack helicopter / helipack is a helicopter motor and rotor and controls assembly that can be strapped to a person's back, so they can walk about on the ground wearing it, and can use it to fly. It uses a harness like a parachute harness and should have a strap between the legs (so the pilot does not fall out of t... | Backpack helicopter | [
"Engineering"
] | 655 | [
"Aircraft configurations",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
3,594,804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20stress | Cyclic stress is the distribution of forces (aka stresses) that change over time in a repetitive fashion. As an example, consider one of the large wheels used to drive an aerial lift such as a ski lift. The wire cable wrapped around the wheel exerts a downward force on the wheel and the drive shaft supporting the whee... | Cyclic stress | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 463 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"nan"
] |
20,927,179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixmier%20trace | In mathematics, the Dixmier trace, introduced by , is a non-normal trace on a space of linear operators on a Hilbert space larger than the space of trace class operators. Dixmier traces are examples of singular traces.
Some applications of Dixmier traces to noncommutative geometry are described in .
Definition
If H ... | Dixmier trace | [
"Physics"
] | 718 | [
"Hilbert spaces",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
20,928,420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational%20research%20informatics | Translational research informatics (TRI) is a sister domain to or a sub-domain of biomedical informatics or medical informatics concerned with the application of informatics theory and methods to translational research. There is some overlap with the related domain of clinical research informatics, but TRI is more conc... | Translational research informatics | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 409 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Bioinformatics stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Health informatics",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Bioinformatics",
"Medical technology"
] |
130,280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short%20five%20lemma | In mathematics, especially homological algebra and other applications of abelian category theory, the short five lemma is a special case of the five lemma.
It states that for the following commutative diagram (in any abelian category, or in the category of groups), if the rows are short exact sequences, and if g and h ... | Short five lemma | [
"Mathematics"
] | 250 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Lemmas in category theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Homological algebra"
] |
130,526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%20curvature%20tensor | In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the Riemann curvature tensor or Riemann–Christoffel tensor (after Bernhard Riemann and Elwin Bruno Christoffel) is the most common way used to express the curvature of Riemannian manifolds. It assigns a tensor to each point of a Riemannian manifold (i.e., it is a ten... | Riemann curvature tensor | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,027 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Tensors",
"Physical quantities",
"Tensor physical quantities",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Metric spaces",
"Riemannian manifolds",
"Tensors in general relativity",
"Curvature (mathematics)"
] |
26,774,926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20John%20conditions | The Fritz John conditions (abbr. FJ conditions), in mathematics, are a necessary condition for a solution in nonlinear programming to be optimal. They are used as lemma in the proof of the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, but they are relevant on their own.
We consider the following optimization problem:
where ƒ is the... | Fritz John conditions | [
"Mathematics"
] | 218 | [
"Mathematical optimization",
"Mathematical analysis"
] |
23,944,162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press%E2%80%93Schechter%20formalism | The Press–Schechter formalism is a mathematical model for predicting the number of objects (such as galaxies, galaxy clusters or dark matter halos) of a certain mass within a given volume of the Universe. It was described in an academic paper by William H. Press and Paul Schechter in 1974.
Background
In the context of... | Press–Schechter formalism | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,002 | [
"Mathematical modeling",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Applied mathematics",
"Astrophysics",
"Equations of astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
23,947,350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapsin%20response%20mediator%20protein%20family | Collapsin response mediator protein family or CRMP family consists of five intracellular phosphoproteins (CRMP-1, CRMP-2, CRMP-3, CRMP-4, CRMP-5) of similar molecular size (60–66 kDa) and high (50–70%) amino acid sequence identity. CRMPs are predominantly expressed in the nervous system during development and play impo... | Collapsin response mediator protein family | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,271 | [
"Protein families",
"Molecular neuroscience",
"Protein classification",
"Molecular biology"
] |
23,950,557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20total%20covariance | In probability theory, the law of total covariance, covariance decomposition formula, or conditional covariance formula states that if X, Y, and Z are random variables on the same probability space, and the covariance of X and Y is finite, then
The nomenclature in this article's title parallels the phrase law of total... | Law of total covariance | [
"Mathematics"
] | 362 | [
"Mathematical problems",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in statistics"
] |
23,951,474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxystenozole | Hydroxystenozole (), also known as 17α-methylandrost-4-eno[3,2-c]pyrazol-17β-ol, is an orally active androgen/anabolic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-alkylated derivative of testosterone that was described in the literature in 1967 but was never marketed. It is closely related to stanozolol (17α-methyl-5α-androstano[3,2-c]pyr... | Hydroxystenozole | [
"Chemistry"
] | 169 | [
"Drug safety",
"Abandoned drugs"
] |
23,951,488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxibolone | Roxibolone (INN) (developmental code name BR-906), also known as 11β,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-2-carboxylic acid, is a steroidal antiglucocorticoid described as an anticholesterolemic (cholesterol-lowering) and anabolic drug which was never marketed. Roxibolone is closely related to formebolone, ... | Roxibolone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 554 | [
"Ketones",
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups"
] |
23,951,520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiomesterone | Tiomesterone (INN, JAN; thiomesterone (BAN); also known as 1α,7α-bis(acetylthio)-17α-methylandrost-4-en-17β-ol-3-one; developmental code StA 307; brand names Emdabol, Embadol, Emdabolin, and Protabol) is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-alkylated derivative of testosterone. It was ... | Tiomesterone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 143 | [
"Thioesters",
"Functional groups"
] |
19,797,453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builders%20hardware | Builders' hardware or just builders hardware is a group of metal hardware specifically used for protection, decoration, and convenience in buildings. Building products do not make any part of a building, rather they support them and make them work. It usually supports fixtures like windows, doors, and cabinets. Common ... | Builders hardware | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 606 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Hardware (mechanical)",
"Construction"
] |
19,798,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20vector%20modulation | Space vector modulation (SVM) is an algorithm for the control of pulse-width modulation (PWM), invented by Gerhard Pfaff, Alois Weschta, and Albert Wick in 1982. It is used for the creation of alternating current (AC) waveforms; most commonly to drive 3 phase AC powered motors at varying speeds from DC using multiple c... | Space vector modulation | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 488 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
19,804,030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20cellulose | Ethyl cellulose (or ethylcellulose) is a derivative of cellulose in which some of the hydroxyl groups on the repeating glucose units are converted into ethyl ether groups. The number of ethyl groups can vary depending on the manufacturer.
It is mainly used as a thin-film coating material for coating paper, vitamin an... | Ethyl cellulose | [
"Chemistry"
] | 252 | [
"Polymer stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs"
] |
18,673,708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass%E2%80%93Serre%20theory | Bass–Serre theory is a part of the mathematical subject of group theory that deals with analyzing the algebraic structure of groups acting by automorphisms on simplicial trees. The theory relates group actions on trees with decomposing groups as iterated applications of the operations of free product with amalgamation ... | Bass–Serre theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 5,265 | [
"Geometric group theory",
"Group actions",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Symmetry"
] |
18,674,239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weemote | The Weemote is a television remote control made by Fobis Technologies that was designed for young children.
Design
The Weemote was designed for younger children to limit their ability to surf television channels, and also to partially serve as a learning tool. The remote looks like a toy with buttons that are differe... | Weemote | [
"Technology"
] | 277 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology"
] |
18,675,609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting%20electrochemical%20cell | A light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC or LEEC) is a solid-state device that generates light from an electric current (electroluminescence). LECs are usually composed of two metal electrodes connected by (e.g. sandwiching) an organic semiconductor containing mobile ions. Aside from the mobile ions, their structur... | Light-emitting electrochemical cell | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 573 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Molecular electronics",
"Electronic engineering",
"Display technology",
"Nanotechnology",
"Conductive polymers"
] |
18,679,245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpaired%20electron | In chemistry, an unpaired electron is an electron that occupies an orbital of an atom singly, rather than as part of an electron pair. Each atomic orbital of an atom (specified by the three quantum numbers n, l and m) has a capacity to contain two electrons (electron pair) with opposite spins. As the formation of ele... | Unpaired electron | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 540 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Condensed matter physics",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Chemical bonding",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
18,680,489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45%20Aquilae | 45 Aquilae, abbreviated 45 Aql, is a triple star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. 45 Aquilae is its Flamsteed designation. It is located away from Earth, give or take a 6 light-year margin of error, and has a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.7. The system is moving closer to the Earth with a he... | 45 Aquilae | [
"Astronomy"
] | 253 | [
"Aquila (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
27,124,959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakuma%E2%80%93Hattori%20equation | In physics, the Sakuma–Hattori equation is a mathematical model for predicting the amount of thermal radiation, radiometric flux or radiometric power emitted from a perfect blackbody or received by a thermal radiation detector.
History
The Sakuma–Hattori equation was first proposed by Fumihiro Sakuma, Akira Ono and S... | Sakuma–Hattori equation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 677 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations"
] |
27,126,857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20residue%20isomorphism%20theorem | In mathematics, the norm residue isomorphism theorem is a long-sought result relating Milnor K-theory and Galois cohomology. The result has a relatively elementary formulation and at the same time represents the key juncture in the proofs of many seemingly unrelated theorems from abstract algebra, theory of quadratic ... | Norm residue isomorphism theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,976 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in algebra",
"Theorems in topology",
"Conjectures that have been proved",
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in algebraic topology",
"Algebra"
] |
27,132,938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MasterSpec | MasterSpec is a master guide building and construction specification system used within the United States by architects, engineers, landscape architects, and interior designers to express results expected in construction. MasterSpec content and software is exclusively developed and distributed by Deltek (formerly Avitr... | MasterSpec | [
"Engineering"
] | 586 | [
"Design",
"Architectural design",
"Architecture"
] |
25,279,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aevum | In scholastic philosophy, the aevum (also called aeviternity) is the temporal mode of existence experienced by angels and by the saints in heaven. In some ways, it is a state that logically lies between the eternity (timelessness) of God and the temporal experience of material beings. It is sometimes referred to as "im... | Aevum | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 337 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Mathematical objects",
"Infinity",
"Philosophy of time",
"Spacetime"
] |
25,279,655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbide-derived%20carbon | Carbide-derived carbon (CDC), also known as tunable nanoporous carbon, is the common term for carbon materials derived from carbide precursors, such as binary (e.g. SiC, TiC), or ternary carbides, also known as MAX phases (e.g., Ti2AlC, Ti3SiC2). CDCs have also been derived from polymer-derived ceramics such as Si-O-C ... | Carbide-derived carbon | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,323 | [
"Allotropes of carbon",
"Physical quantities",
"Allotropes",
"Capacitors",
"Capacitance",
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanomaterials"
] |
25,280,985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition-edge%20sensor | A transition-edge sensor (TES) is a type of cryogenic energy sensor or cryogenic particle detector that exploits the strongly temperature-dependent resistance of the superconducting phase transition.
History
The first demonstrations of the superconducting transition's measurement potential appeared in the 1940s, 30 ye... | Transition-edge sensor | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,612 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Superconductivity",
"Particle detectors",
"Measuring instruments",
"Sensors",
"Superconducting detectors",
"Radiometry"
] |
25,287,133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anywhere%20on%20Earth | Anywhere on Earth (AoE) is a calendar designation that indicates that a period expires when the date passes everywhere on Earth. It is a practice to help specify deadlines such as "March 16, 2004, End of Day, Anywhere on Earth (AoE)" without requiring timezone calculations or Daylight saving time adjustments.
For any ... | Anywhere on Earth | [
"Physics"
] | 328 | [
"Spacetime",
"Calendars",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
25,287,284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessenberg%20variety | In geometry, Hessenberg varieties, first studied by Filippo De Mari, Claudio Procesi, and Mark A. Shayman, are a family of subvarieties of the full flag variety which are defined by a Hessenberg function h and a linear transformation X. The study of Hessenberg varieties was first motivated by questions in numerical an... | Hessenberg variety | [
"Mathematics"
] | 316 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic combinatorics",
"Algebraic geometry",
"Combinatorics"
] |
25,287,905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didesmethylcitalopram | Didesmethylcitalopram is an active metabolite of the antidepressant drug citalopram (racemic). Didesmethylescitalopram is an active metabolite of the antidepressant escitalopram, the S-enantiomer of citalopram. Like citalopram and escitalopram, didesmethyl(es)citalopram functions as a selective serotonin reuptake inhib... | Didesmethylcitalopram | [
"Chemistry"
] | 174 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Nitriles",
"Functional groups",
"Human drug metabolites"
] |
1,275,975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disruptive%20selection | In evolutionary biology, disruptive selection, also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups. In this more ind... | Disruptive selection | [
"Biology"
] | 2,201 | [
"Evolutionary processes",
"Selection"
] |
1,276,320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper%20transfer%20function | In control theory, a proper transfer function is a transfer function in which the degree of the numerator does not exceed the degree of the denominator. A strictly proper transfer function is a transfer function where the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator.
The difference between the de... | Proper transfer function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 269 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,276,437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20mechanics | Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils. It differs from fluid mechanics and solid mechanics in the sense that soils consist of a heterogeneous mixture of fluids (usually air and water) and particles (usually clay, silt, sand, and gravel) but soil may also c... | Soil mechanics | [
"Physics"
] | 9,190 | [
"Soil mechanics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
1,277,505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam%20explosion | A steam explosion is an explosion caused by violent boiling or flashing of water or ice into steam, occurring when water or ice is either superheated, rapidly heated by fine hot debris produced within it, or heated by the interaction of molten metals (as in a fuel–coolant interaction, or FCI, of molten nuclear-reactor ... | Steam explosion | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,831 | [
"Explosion protection",
"Nuclear accidents and incidents",
"Safety engineering",
"Combustion engineering",
"Process safety",
"Explosions",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Radioactivity"
] |
1,277,825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular%20momentum%20coupling | In quantum mechanics, angular momentum coupling is the procedure of constructing eigenstates of total angular momentum out of eigenstates of separate angular momenta. For instance, the orbit and spin of a single particle can interact through spin–orbit interaction, in which case the complete physical picture must incl... | Angular momentum coupling | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,430 | [
"Symmetry",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Rotational symmetry",
" molecular",
"Atomic physics",
"Atomic",
"Angular momentum",
"Moment (physics)",
"Momentum",
" and optical physics"
] |
1,277,893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogravimetric%20analysis | Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as ch... | Thermogravimetric analysis | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,441 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
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