id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,954,757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP%20compression | HTTP compression is a capability that can be built into web servers and web clients to improve transfer speed and bandwidth utilization.
HTTP data is compressed before it is sent from the server: compliant browsers will announce what methods are supported to the server before downloading the correct format; browsers t... | HTTP compression | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,955 | [
"Software engineering",
"Web development"
] |
4,954,950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20coordinate%20transformations | This is a list of some of the most commonly used coordinate transformations.
2-dimensional
Let be the standard Cartesian coordinates, and the standard polar coordinates.
To Cartesian coordinates
From polar coordinates
From log-polar coordinates
By using complex numbers , the transformation can be written as
Tha... | List of common coordinate transformations | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 578 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Classical mechanics",
"Hamiltonian mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Transforms",
"Coordinate systems",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
22,577,530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatness%20%28cosmology%29 | In cosmology, flatness is a property of a space without curvature. Such a space is called a "flat space" or Euclidean space.
Whether the universe is “flat″ could determine its ultimate fate; whether it will expand forever, or ultimately collapse back into itself. The geometry of spacetime has been measured by the Wilk... | Flatness (cosmology) | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 236 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
22,578,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bender%E2%80%93Knuth%20involution | In algebraic combinatorics, a Bender–Knuth involution is an involution on the set of semistandard tableaux, introduced by in their study of plane partitions.
Definition
The Bender–Knuth involutions σk are defined for integers k, and act on the set of semistandard skew Young tableaux of some fixed shape μ/ν, where μ a... | Bender–Knuth involution | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 333 | [
"Combinatorial algorithms",
"Functions and mappings",
"Permutations",
"Algebra",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Symmetric functions",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical relations",
"Algebraic combinatorics",
"Symmetry"
] |
19,984,031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Dyer%20%28engineer%29 | Chris Dyer (born 12 February 1968) is the former head of vehicle performance group at Renault Sport Formula 1 Team and the former race engineer of Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen at Scuderia Ferrari.
Early career
Born in Bendigo, Victoria, Dyer worked with the top V8 Supercar outfit, the Tom Walkinshaw owned Ho... | Chris Dyer (engineer) | [
"Engineering"
] | 614 | [
"Data engineers",
"Data engineering"
] |
19,986,090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staged%20reforming | Staged reforming is a thermochemical process to convert organic material or bio waste such as wood, dung or hay into combustible gases containing methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The single-stage reforming of bio materials results in high dust and tar yields in the produced gas restricting its use, hence the use ... | Staged reforming | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 232 | [
"Biofuels technology",
"Chemical processes",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Biogas technology"
] |
19,989,435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%28R%29%20gravity | {{DISPLAYTITLE:f(R) gravity}}
In physics, f(R) is a type of modified gravity theory which generalizes Einstein's general relativity. f(R) gravity is actually a family of theories, each one defined by a different function, , of the Ricci scalar, . The simplest case is just the function being equal to the scalar; this i... | F(R) gravity | [
"Physics"
] | 2,259 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theories of gravity"
] |
508,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescoping%20series | In mathematics, a telescoping series is a series whose general term is of the form , i.e. the difference of two consecutive terms of a sequence . As a consequence the partial sums of the series only consists of two terms of after cancellation.
The cancellation technique, with part of each term cancelling with part ... | Telescoping series | [
"Mathematics"
] | 778 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Mathematical structures",
"Series (mathematics)",
"Calculus"
] |
508,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motor | Brownian motors are nanoscale or molecular machines that use chemical reactions to generate directed motion in space. The theory behind Brownian motors relies on the phenomenon of Brownian motion, random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) resulting from their collision with the fast-moving mol... | Brownian motor | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,725 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Materials science",
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
508,492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locked%20nucleic%20acid | A locked nucleic acid (LNA), also known as bridged nucleic acid (BNA), and often referred to as inaccessible RNA, is a modified RNA nucleotide in which the ribose moiety is modified with an extra bridge connecting the 2' oxygen and 4' carbon. The bridge "locks" the ribose in the 3'-endo (North) conformation, which is o... | Locked nucleic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,237 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Nucleic acids"
] |
508,664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exergonic%20reaction | In chemical thermodynamics, an exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is negative (there is a net release of free energy). This indicates a spontaneous reaction if the system is closed and initial and final temperatures are the same. For processes that take place in a closed syste... | Exergonic reaction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 324 | [
"Thermochemistry",
"Thermodynamic processes",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
508,681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endergonic%20reaction | In chemical thermodynamics, an endergonic reaction (; also called a heat absorbing nonspontaneous reaction or an unfavorable reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and an additional driving force is needed to perform this reaction. In layman's terms, the total amount o... | Endergonic reaction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,051 | [
"Thermochemistry",
"Thermodynamic processes",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
509,256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate%20dehydrogenase%20complex | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetyl-CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration, and this complex links the glycolysis metabolic pathway to the citric acid cycle... | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,703 | [
"Carbohydrate metabolism",
"Cellular respiration",
"Glycolysis",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
509,331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappus%27s%20centroid%20theorem | In mathematics, Pappus's centroid theorem (also known as the Guldinus theorem, Pappus–Guldinus theorem or Pappus's theorem) is either of two related theorems dealing with the surface areas and volumes of surfaces and solids of revolution.
The theorems are attributed to Pappus of Alexandria and Paul Guldin. Pappus's s... | Pappus's centroid theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 889 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Symmetry",
"Point (geometry)",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Physical quantities",
"Theorems in calculus",
"Calculus",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Quantity",
"Geometric centers",
"Size",
"Extensive quantities",
"Geometry",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Vol... |
510,060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-mass%20black%20hole | An intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) is a class of black hole with mass in the range of one hundred to one hundred thousand (102–105) solar masses: significantly higher than stellar black holes but lower than the hundred thousand to more than one billion (105–109) solar mass supermassive black holes. Several IMBH can... | Intermediate-mass black hole | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,956 | [
"Black holes",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Intermediate-mass black holes",
"Density",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
510,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap%20%28valve%29 | A tap (also spigot or faucet: see usage variations) is a valve controlling the release of a fluid.
Nomenclature
United Kingdom
Tap is used in the United Kingdom and most of the Commonwealth for any everyday type of valve, particularly the fittings that control water supply to bathtubs and sinks.
United States
Fauc... | Tap (valve) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,725 | [
"Plumbing",
"Physical systems",
"Construction",
"Valves",
"Hydraulics",
"Piping"
] |
510,581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-parity | R-parity is a concept in particle physics. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, baryon number and lepton number are no longer conserved by all of the renormalizable couplings in the theory. Since baryon number and lepton number conservation have been tested very precisely, these couplings need to be very small... | R-parity | [
"Physics"
] | 1,128 | [
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry",
"Particle physics"
] |
511,547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20dot | Quantum dots (QDs) or semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor particles a few nanometres in size with optical and electronic properties that differ from those of larger particles via quantum mechanical effects. They are a central topic in nanotechnology and materials science. When a quantum dot is illuminated by U... | Quantum dot | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 9,641 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum electronics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Atomic",
"Nanotechnology",
"Mesoscopic physics",
" and optical physics"
] |
1,946,702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyal%20product | In mathematics, the Moyal product (after José Enrique Moyal; also called the star product or Weyl–Groenewold product, after Hermann Weyl and Hilbrand J. Groenewold) is an example of a phase-space star product. It is an associative, non-commutative product, , on the functions on , equipped with its Poisson bracket (wit... | Moyal product | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,115 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical quantization",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
1,947,467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20polymerization | In polymer chemistry, radical polymerization (RP) is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of a radical to building blocks (repeat units). Radicals can be formed by a number of different mechanisms, usually involving separate initiator molecules. Following its generation, the in... | Radical polymerization | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 5,728 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Polymerization reactions"
] |
1,948,002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20acceleration | Plasma acceleration is a technique for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons or ions, using the electric field associated with electron plasma wave or other high-gradient plasma structures. These plasma acceleration structures are created using either ultra-short laser pulses or energetic particle beams tha... | Plasma acceleration | [
"Physics"
] | 2,725 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Experimental physics",
"Accelerator physics"
] |
1,949,009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20capacity%20ratio | In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure () to heat capacity at constant volume (). It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is... | Heat capacity ratio | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,878 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Arithmetic",
"Thermodynamics",
"Physical properties",
"Ratios"
] |
1,949,447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20control | Motion control is a sub-field of automation, encompassing the systems or sub-systems involved in moving parts of machines in a controlled manner. Motion control systems are extensively used in a variety of fields for automation purposes, including precision engineering, micromanufacturing, biotechnology, and nanotechno... | Motion control | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,070 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Automation",
"Motion (physics)",
"Motion control",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,949,853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquificaceae | The Aquificaceae family are bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings such as hot springs, sulfur pools, and hydrothermal vents. Although they are true bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea, Aquificaceae genera are an early phylogenetic branch.
Phylogeny
The current... | Aquificaceae | [
"Biology"
] | 202 | [
"Bacteria stubs",
"Bacteria"
] |
1,949,856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenothermaceae | The Hydrogenothermaceae family are bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings. They have been found in hot springs, sulfur pools, and thermal ocean vents. They are true bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea. An example occurrence of certain extremophiles in this famil... | Hydrogenothermaceae | [
"Biology"
] | 237 | [
"Bacteria stubs",
"Bacteria"
] |
1,950,766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20isomorphism%20problem | The graph isomorphism problem is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic.
The problem is not known to be solvable in polynomial time nor to be NP-complete, and therefore may be in the computational complexity class NP-intermediate. It is known that the graph isomorphism probl... | Graph isomorphism problem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,675 | [
"Computational problems in graph theory",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Unsolved problems in computer science",
"Mathematical objects",
"Graph theory",
"Computational mathematics",
"Computational problems",
"Mathematical relations",
"Ca... |
1,950,852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20chemical%20formulae | This is a list of common chemical compounds with chemical formulae and CAS numbers, indexed by formula. This complements alternative listing at list of inorganic compounds.
There is no complete list of chemical compounds since by nature the list would be infinite.
Note: There are elements for which spellings may diffe... | Glossary of chemical formulae | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 161 | [
"Chemical compounds",
"Molecules",
"Chemical structures",
"nan",
"Chemical formulas",
"Lists of chemical compounds",
"Matter"
] |
1,950,953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowbar | A crowbar, also called a wrecking bar, pry bar or prybar, pinch-bar, or occasionally a prise bar or prisebar, colloquially gooseneck, or pig bar, or in Australia a jemmy, is a lever consisting of a metal bar with a single curved end and flattened points, used to force two objects apart or gain mechanical advantage in ... | Crowbar | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 447 | [
"Human–machine interaction",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical hand tools",
"Hand tools"
] |
1,951,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20point%20%28thermodynamics%29 | In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas comes into a s... | Critical point (thermodynamics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,311 | [
"Matter",
"Phase transitions",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Renormalization group",
"Threshold temperatures",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,951,644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion%20between%20quaternions%20and%20Euler%20angles | Spatial rotations in three dimensions can be parametrized using both Euler angles and unit quaternions. This article explains how to convert between the two representations. Actually this simple use of "quaternions" was first presented by Euler some seventy years earlier than Hamilton to solve the problem of magic squ... | Conversion between quaternions and Euler angles | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,972 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Euclidean symmetries",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Symmetry"
] |
21,081,997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Flight%20Test%20Safety%20Award | The European Flight Test Safety Award was created after the fatal accident of test pilot Gérard Guillaumaud by his fiancée Heidi Biermeier. The regulations of the award state that recipients must be individuals who made significant contributions in the area of safety within flight testing.
Award Ceremony
The award wa... | European Flight Test Safety Award | [
"Engineering"
] | 434 | [
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
21,085,092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20Metals | Synthetic Metals is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering electronic polymers and electronic molecular materials.
Abstracting and indexing
Synthetic Metals is abstracted and indexed in the following services:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.266. It has publ... | Synthetic Metals | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 143 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science journal stubs",
"Materials science"
] |
21,085,711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed%20flowing%20gas%20testing | Mixed flowing gas (MFG) is a type of laboratory environmental testing for products, particularly electronics, to evaluate resistance to corrosion due to gases in the atmosphere. Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) test is a laboratory test in which the temperature (°C), relative humidity (%RH), concentration of gaseous pollutants ... | Mixed flowing gas testing | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,134 | [
"Environmental testing",
"Reliability engineering"
] |
21,093,002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid%20blocker | Potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) are called thyroid blockers when used in radiation protection.
If a person consumes a dose of one of these chemical compounds, his or her thyroid may saturate with stable iodine, preventing accumulation of radioactive iodine found after a nuclear meltdown or explosion.... | Thyroid blocker | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 84 | [
"Radiobiology",
"Radioactivity"
] |
13,126,459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified%20communications | Unified communications (UC) is a business and marketing concept describing the integration of enterprise communication services such as instant messaging (chat), presence information, voice (including IP telephony), mobility features (including extension mobility and single number reach), audio, web & video conferencin... | Unified communications | [
"Technology"
] | 2,673 | [
"nan"
] |
13,127,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood%20risk%20assessment | A flood risk assessment (FRA) is an assessment of the risk of flooding from all flooding mechanisms, the identification of flood mitigation measures and should provide advice on actions to be taken before and during a flood. The sources of water which produce floods include: groundwater, surface water (rivers, streams ... | Flood risk assessment | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,036 | [
"Flood control",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
13,127,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberth%20effect | In astronautics, a powered flyby, or Oberth maneuver, is a maneuver in which a spacecraft falls into a gravitational well and then uses its engines to further accelerate as it is falling, thereby achieving additional speed. The resulting maneuver is a more efficient way to gain kinetic energy than applying the same imp... | Oberth effect | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,819 | [
"Rocketry",
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
6,513,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komar%20mass | The Komar mass (named after Arthur Komar) of a system is one of several formal concepts of mass that are used in general relativity. The Komar mass can be defined in any stationary spacetime, which is a spacetime in which all the metric components can be written so that they are independent of time. Alternatively, a s... | Komar mass | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,609 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"General relativity",
"Size",
"Theory of relativity",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
6,513,985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20in%20general%20relativity | The concept of mass in general relativity (GR) is more subtle to define than the concept of mass in special relativity. In fact, general relativity does not offer a single definition of the term mass, but offers several different definitions that are applicable under different circumstances. Under some circumstances, t... | Mass in general relativity | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,065 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Physical quantities",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"General relativity",
"Size",
"Astronomical controversies",
"Theory of relativity",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical qua... |
6,517,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane%20stress | In continuum mechanics, a material is said to be under plane stress if the stress vector is zero across a particular plane. When that situation occurs over an entire element of a structure, as is often the case for thin plates, the stress analysis is considerably simplified, as the stress state can be represented by a ... | Plane stress | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,192 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
26,961,524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20field | A Heyting field is one of the inequivalent ways in constructive mathematics to capture the classical notion of a field. It is essentially a field with an apartness relation.
Definition
A commutative ring is a Heyting field if it is a field in the sense that
Each non-invertible element is zero
and if it is moreover ... | Heyting field | [
"Mathematics"
] | 297 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Algebra stubs",
"Constructivism (mathematics)",
"Algebra"
] |
26,964,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trion%20%28physics%29 | A trion is a bound state of three charged particles. A negatively charged trion in crystals consists of two electrons and one hole, while a positively charged trion consists of two holes and one electron. The binding energy of a trion is largely determined by the exchange interaction between the two electrons (holes). ... | Trion (physics) | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 744 | [
"Quantum electronics",
"Spintronics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Subatomic particles",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Quasiparticles",
"Matter"
] |
26,964,637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDD-AGE | In biochemistry and molecular biology, SDD-AGE is short for Semi-Denaturating Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. This is a method for detecting and characterizing large protein polymers which are stable in 2% SDS at room temperature, unlike most large protein complexes. This method is very useful for studying prion... | SDD-AGE | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 450 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Protein methods",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
26,967,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroketone | Macroketones are macrocyclic compounds that contain a ketone functional group. Macroketones form the central rings systems of some synthetic polyketide antibiotics.
References
Ketones
Macrocycles | Macroketone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 42 | [
"Ketones",
"Organic compounds",
"Functional groups",
"Macrocycles"
] |
26,968,071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glembatumumab%20vedotin | Glembatumumab vedotin (also known as CDX-011 and CR011-vcMMAE) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets cancer cells expressing transmembrane glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB).
In May 2010, the U.S FDA granted Fast Track designation to CDX-011 for the treatment of advanced, refractory, or resistant GPNMB-expressing bre... | Glembatumumab vedotin | [
"Biology"
] | 677 | [
"Antibody-drug conjugates"
] |
142,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydride | In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H−), a hydrogen ion with two electrons. In modern usage, this is typically only used for ionic bonds, but it is sometimes (and more frequently in the past) been applied to all compounds containing covalently bound H atoms. In this broad and potentially archaic ... | Hydride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,215 | [
"Ions",
"Functional groups",
"Matter",
"Anions"
] |
142,257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varistor | A varistor (a.k.a. voltage-dependent resistor (VDR)) is a surge protecting electronic component with an electrical resistance that varies with the applied voltage. It has a nonlinear, non-ohmic current–voltage characteristic that is similar to that of a diode. Unlike a diode however, it has the same characteristic for ... | Varistor | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,909 | [
"Electrical components",
"Physical quantities",
"Resistive components",
"Electrical engineering",
"Components",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
142,340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stained%20glass | Stained glass is colored glass as a material or works created from it. Although, it is traditionally made in flat panels and used as windows, the creations of modern stained glass artists also include three-dimensional structures and sculpture. Modern vernacular usage has often extended the term "stained glass" to incl... | Stained glass | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 9,878 | [
"Glass architecture",
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glass production"
] |
143,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers%20of%20gravity%20in%20non-uniform%20fields | In physics, a center of gravity of a material body is a point that may be used for a summary description of gravitational interactions. In a uniform gravitational field, the center of mass serves as the center of gravity. This is a very good approximation for smaller bodies near the surface of Earth, so there is no pra... | Centers of gravity in non-uniform fields | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,210 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Symmetry"
] |
143,133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20of%20pressure%20%28fluid%20mechanics%29 | In fluid mechanics, the center of pressure is the point on a body where a single force acting at that point can represent the total effect of the pressure field acting on the body.
The total force vector acting at the center of pressure is the surface integral of the pressure vector field across the surface of the bod... | Center of pressure (fluid mechanics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,839 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Chemical engineering",
"Geometric centers",
"Piping",
"Symmetry",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
27,327,833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocellulose | Nanocellulose is a term referring to a family of cellulosic materials that have at least one of their dimensions in the nanoscale. Examples of nanocellulosic materials are microfibrilated cellulose, cellulose nanofibers or cellulose nanocrystals. Nanocellulose may be obtained from natural cellulose fibers through a var... | Nanocellulose | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 5,983 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Materials",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Polymers",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
27,332,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20and%20secondary%20antibodies | Primary and secondary antibodies are two groups of antibodies that are classified based on whether they bind to antigens or proteins directly or target another (primary) antibody that, in turn, is bound to an antigen or protein.
Primary
A primary antibody can be very useful for the detection of biomarkers for disease... | Primary and secondary antibodies | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 565 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Biochemistry",
"Immune system",
"Organ systems",
"Glycoproteins",
"Glycobiology"
] |
27,333,066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinylcyclopropane-cycloheptadiene%20rearrangement | The divinylcyclopropane-cycloheptadiene rearrangement is an organic chemical transformation that involves the isomerization of a 1,2-divinylcyclopropane into a cycloheptadiene or -triene. It is conceptually related to the Cope rearrangement, but has the advantage of a strong thermodynamic driving force due to the relea... | Divinylcyclopropane-cycloheptadiene rearrangement | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,801 | [
"Ring expansion reactions",
"Rearrangement reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
27,338,603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHAdeMO | CHAdeMO is a fast-charging system for battery electric vehicles, developed in 2010 by the CHAdeMO Association, formed by the Tokyo Electric Power Company and five major Japanese automakers. The name is an abbreviation of "CHArge de MOve" (which the organization translates as "charge for moving") and is derived from the... | CHAdeMO | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,929 | [
"Electrical engineering organizations",
"International Electrotechnical Commission"
] |
27,339,211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20radiance | In radiometry, spectral radiance or specific intensity is the radiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of spectral radiance in frequency is the watt per steradian per square metre per hertz () and that of ... | Spectral radiance | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,486 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Radiometry"
] |
24,079,760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20state | In quantum physics, a virtual state is a very short-lived, unobservable quantum state.
In many quantum processes a virtual state is an intermediate state, sometimes described as "imaginary" in a multi-step process that mediates otherwise forbidden transitions. Since virtual states are not eigenfunctions of any operat... | Virtual state | [
"Physics"
] | 218 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
24,081,827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromeric%20effect | In chemistry, the electromeric effect is a molecular polarization occurring by an intramolecular electron displacement, characterized by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons. It is sometimes called the conjugative mechanism, and previously, the tautomeric mechanism... | Electromeric effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 296 | [
"nan",
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
24,082,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93luminosity%20relation | In astrophysics, the mass–luminosity relation is an equation giving the relationship between a star's mass and its luminosity, first noted by Jakob Karl Ernst Halm. The relationship is represented by the equation:
where and are the luminosity and mass of the Sun and . The value is commonly used for main-sequence st... | Mass–luminosity relation | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,894 | [
"Stellar astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Astrophysics",
"Stellar evolution"
] |
24,084,383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemipolyhedron | In geometry, a hemipolyhedron is a uniform star polyhedron some of whose faces pass through its center. These "hemi" faces lie parallel to the faces of some other symmetrical polyhedron, and their count is half the number of faces of that other polyhedron – hence the "hemi" prefix.
The prefix "hemi" is also used to re... | Hemipolyhedron | [
"Physics"
] | 1,196 | [
"Uniform polytopes",
"Uniform polyhedra",
"Symmetry"
] |
24,085,985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XZ%20Tauri | XZ Tauri is a binary system approximately away in the constellation Taurus. The system consists of two T Tauri stars orbiting each other about 6 billion kilometers apart (roughly the same distance as Pluto is from the Sun). The system made news in 2000 when a superflare was observed in the system.
A third star, comp... | XZ Tauri | [
"Astronomy"
] | 136 | [
"Taurus (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
24,086,376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtuin-activating%20compound | Sirtuin-activating compounds (STAC) are chemical compounds having an effect on sirtuins, a group of enzymes that use NAD+ to remove acetyl groups from proteins. They are caloric restriction mimetic compounds that may be helpful in treating various aging-related diseases.
Context
Leonard P. Guarente is recognized as th... | Sirtuin-activating compound | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 450 | [
"Senescence",
"Anti-aging substances"
] |
24,087,239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noncommutative%20unique%20factorization%20domain | In mathematics, a noncommutative unique factorization domain is a noncommutative ring with the unique factorization property.
Examples
The ring of Hurwitz quaternions, also known as integral quaternions. A quaternion a = a0 + a1i + a2j + a3k is integral if either all the coefficients ai are integers or all of them are... | Noncommutative unique factorization domain | [
"Mathematics"
] | 163 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Number theory stubs",
"Ring theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Number theory"
] |
8,472,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux%20method | The flux method is a crystal growth method where starting materials are dissolved in a solvent (flux), and are precipitated out to form crystals of a desired compound. The flux lowers the melting point of the desired compound, analogous to a wet chemistry recrystallization. The flux is molten in a highly stable crucibl... | Flux method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 796 | [
"Crystallography",
"Methods of crystal growth",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Materials science"
] |
296,775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract%20theory | From a legal point of view, a contract is an institutional arrangement for the way in which resources flow, which defines the various relationships between the parties to a transaction or limits the rights and obligations of the parties.
From an economic perspective, contract theory studies how economic actors can and... | Contract theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,110 | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Applied mathematics",
"Game theory",
"Asymmetry",
"Mathematical economics",
"Symmetry"
] |
296,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20counting%20%28proof%20technique%29 | In combinatorics, double counting, also called counting in two ways, is a combinatorial proof technique for showing that two expressions are equal by demonstrating that they are two ways of counting the size of one set. In this technique, which call "one of the most important tools in combinatorics", one describes a f... | Double counting (proof technique) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,436 | [
"Articles containing proofs",
"Enumerative combinatorics",
"nan",
"Combinatorics"
] |
297,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxeter%20group | In mathematics, a Coxeter group, named after H. S. M. Coxeter, is an abstract group that admits a formal description in terms of reflections (or kaleidoscopic mirrors). Indeed, the finite Coxeter groups are precisely the finite Euclidean reflection groups; for example, the symmetry group of each regular polyhedron is ... | Coxeter group | [
"Physics"
] | 3,041 | [
"Euclidean symmetries",
"Reflection groups",
"Symmetry"
] |
297,069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation%20theory%20%28quantum%20mechanics%29 | In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known, and add an additional "perturbing" Hamilt... | Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 7,196 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical physics",
"Perturbation theory"
] |
297,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMD%20M%C3%BCller | GMD Müller Lifts AG, known as GMD Müller, was a ropeway manufacturing company based in Dietlikon, Switzerland. GMD stands for Gerhard Müller Dietlikon.
Founded in 1947 by engineer Gerhard Müller, who is credited with the invention of the modern detachable chairlift in the late 1940s, it was one of the most prolific an... | GMD Müller | [
"Technology"
] | 433 | [
"Vertical transport devices",
"Transport systems"
] |
297,374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger%20model | In physics, the Schwinger model, named after Julian Schwinger, is the model describing 1+1D (1 spatial dimension + time) Lorentzian quantum electrodynamics which includes electrons, coupled to photons.
The model defines the usual QED Lagrangian
over a spacetime with one spatial dimension and one temporal dimension.... | Schwinger model | [
"Physics"
] | 262 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
297,466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous%20symmetry%20breaking | Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a spontaneous process of symmetry breaking, by which a physical system in a symmetric state spontaneously ends up in an asymmetric state. In particular, it can describe systems where the equations of motion or the Lagrangian obey symmetries, but the lowest-energy vacuum solutions do not... | Spontaneous symmetry breaking | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,533 | [
"Quantum phases",
"Quantum field theory",
"Standard Model",
"Symmetry",
"Theoretical physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Particle physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Geometry",
"Matter"
] |
298,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmochemistry | Cosmochemistry () or chemical cosmology is the study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions. This is done primarily through the study of the chemical composition of meteorites and other physical samples. Given that the asteroid parent bodies of meteorites ... | Cosmochemistry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,980 | [
"Astrophysics",
"Astrochemistry",
"nan",
"Planetary science",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
298,585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetle%20bank | In agriculture and horticulture, a beetle bank is a form of biological pest control. It is a strip, preferably raised, planted with grasses (bunch grasses) and/or perennial plants, within a crop field or a garden, that fosters and provides habitat for beneficial insects, birds, and other fauna that prey on pests.
Usa... | Beetle bank | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 388 | [
"Ecological restoration",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
298,828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine%20group | In mathematics, the affine group or general affine group of any affine space is the group of all invertible affine transformations from the space into itself. In the case of a Euclidean space (where the associated field of scalars is the real numbers), the affine group consists of those functions from the space to its... | Affine group | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,560 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
298,834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine%20space | In mathematics, an affine space is a geometric structure that generalizes some of the properties of Euclidean spaces in such a way that these are independent of the concepts of distance and measure of angles, keeping only the properties related to parallelism and ratio of lengths for parallel line segments. Affine spac... | Affine space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 6,120 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
298,975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audion | The Audion was an electronic detecting or amplifying vacuum tube invented by American electrical engineer Lee de Forest as a diode in 1906. Improved, it was patented as the first triode in 1908, consisting of an evacuated glass tube containing three electrodes: a heated filament (the cathode, made out of tantalum), a g... | Audion | [
"Physics"
] | 2,547 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
299,120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairlift | An elevated passenger ropeway, or chairlift, is a type of aerial lift, which consists of a continuously circulating steel wire rope loop strung between two end terminals and usually over intermediate towers. They are the primary on-hill transport at most ski areas (in such cases referred to as 'ski lifts'), but are als... | Chairlift | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 4,363 | [
"Machines",
"Transport systems",
"Amusement rides",
"Physical systems",
"Vertical transport devices"
] |
299,329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic%20context-free%20grammar | In theoretical linguistics and computational linguistics, probabilistic context free grammars (PCFGs) extend context-free grammars, similar to how hidden Markov models extend regular grammars. Each production is assigned a probability. The probability of a derivation (parse) is the product of the probabilities of the p... | Probabilistic context-free grammar | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 4,163 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Formal languages",
"Mathematical logic",
"Biological engineering"
] |
299,368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20sands | Oil sands are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit. They are either loose sands, or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, soaked with bitumen (a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum).
Significant bitumen deposits are reported in Canada, Kaza... | Oil sands | [
"Chemistry"
] | 15,787 | [
"Bituminous sands",
"Petroleum industry",
"Petroleum",
"Asphalt",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Petroleum geology"
] |
299,790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20engineer | Structural engineers analyze, design, plan, and research structural components and structural systems to achieve design goals and ensure the safety and comfort of users or occupants. Their work takes account mainly of safety, technical, economic, and environmental concerns, but they may also consider aesthetic and soci... | Structural engineer | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,633 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Structural engineers",
"Architecture"
] |
299,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC%20circuit | A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors. It may be driven by a voltage or current source and these will produce different responses. A first order RC circuit is composed of one resistor and one capacitor and is the simplest type... | RC circuit | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,008 | [
"Analog circuits",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
299,813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustical%20engineering | Acoustical engineering (also known as acoustic engineering) is the branch of engineering dealing with sound and vibration. It includes the application of acoustics, the science of sound and vibration, in technology. Acoustical engineers are typically concerned with the design, analysis and control of sound.
One goal o... | Acoustical engineering | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,168 | [
"nan",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
2,700,377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermosiphon | A thermosiphon (or thermosyphon) is a device that employs a method of passive heat exchange based on natural convection, which circulates a fluid without the necessity of a mechanical pump. Thermosiphoning is used for circulation of liquids and volatile gases in heating and cooling applications such as heat pumps, wate... | Thermosiphon | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,947 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Convection",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
2,701,007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium%28III%29%20chloride | Ruthenium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula RuCl3. "Ruthenium(III) chloride" more commonly refers to the hydrate RuCl3·xH2O. Both the anhydrous and hydrated species are dark brown or black solids. The hydrate, with a varying proportion of water of crystallization, often approximating to a trihydra... | Ruthenium(III) chloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,369 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Coordination complexes",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Salts"
] |
2,702,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition%20operator | In mathematics, the composition operator with symbol is a linear operator defined by the rule
where denotes function composition.
The study of composition operators is covered by AMS category 47B33.
In physics
In physics, and especially the area of dynamical systems, the composition operator is usually referred t... | Composition operator | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 671 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Vector spaces",
"Mathematical objects",
"Linear operators",
"Topological vector spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,702,319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20operators%20between%20Banach%20spaces | In mathematics, nuclear operators between Banach spaces are a linear operators between Banach spaces in infinite dimensions that share some of the properties of their counter-part in finite dimension. In Hilbert spaces such operators are usually called trace class operators and one can define such things as the trace.... | Nuclear operators between Banach spaces | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 884 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Tensors",
"Mathematical objects",
"Linear operators",
"Mathematical relations",
"Topological tensor products"
] |
2,702,780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredholm%20kernel | In mathematics, a Fredholm kernel is a certain type of a kernel on a Banach space, associated with nuclear operators on the Banach space. They are an abstraction of the idea of the Fredholm integral equation and the Fredholm operator, and are one of the objects of study in Fredholm theory. Fredholm kernels are named i... | Fredholm kernel | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 565 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Tensors",
"Mathematical objects",
"Linear operators",
"Mathematical relations",
"Topological tensor products"
] |
2,703,676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20integral | In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics, loop integrals are the integrals which appear when evaluating the Feynman diagrams with one or more loops by integrating over the internal momenta. These integrals are used to determine counterterms, which in turn allow evaluation of the beta function, which encodes th... | Loop integral | [
"Physics"
] | 1,079 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Physical phenomena",
"Critical phenomena",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Renormalization group",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
2,703,743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman%20parametrization | Feynman parametrization is a technique for evaluating loop integrals which arise from Feynman diagrams with one or more loops. However, it is sometimes useful in integration in areas of pure mathematics as well.
Formulas
Richard Feynman observed that:
which is valid for any complex numbers A and B as long as 0 is no... | Feynman parametrization | [
"Physics"
] | 769 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
2,703,886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9i%20Thanh%20Li%C3%AAm | Bùi Thanh Liêm (June 30, 1949 - September 26, 1981) was a Vietnamese cosmonaut.
Born in Hanoi, Vietnam, he was a pilot for the Vietnam People's Air Force who rose to the rank of captain and flew many combat missions during the Vietnam War. In 1978, Liêm graduated from Gagarin Military Air Academy at Monino, Moscow O... | Bùi Thanh Liêm | [
"Engineering"
] | 212 | [
"Space program fatalities",
"Space programs"
] |
2,704,038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28%E2%88%921%29F | {{DISPLAYTITLE:(−1)F}}
In a quantum field theory with fermions, (−1)F is a unitary, Hermitian, involutive operator where F is the fermion number operator. For the example of particles in the Standard Model, it is equal to the sum of the lepton number plus the baryon number, . The action of this operator is to multipl... | (−1)F | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 229 | [
"Symmetry",
"Quantum field theory",
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Fermions",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Subatomic particles",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Supersymmetry",
"Matter"
] |
2,704,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witten%20index | In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics, the Witten index at the inverse temperature β is defined as a modification of the standard partition function:
Note the (-1)F operator, where F is the fermion number operator. This is what makes it different from the ordinary partition function. It is sometimes referr... | Witten index | [
"Physics"
] | 321 | [
"Statistical mechanics stubs",
"Quantum field theory",
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Quantum physics stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
4,960,605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coarse%20structure | In the mathematical fields of geometry and topology, a coarse structure on a set X is a collection of subsets of the cartesian product X × X with certain properties which allow the large-scale structure of metric spaces and topological spaces to be defined.
The concern of traditional geometry and topology is with the ... | Coarse structure | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 804 | [
"General topology",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime"
] |
4,960,751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rance%20Tidal%20Power%20Station | The Rance Tidal Power Station is a tidal power station located on the estuary of the Rance River in Brittany, France.
Opened in 1966 as the world's first tidal power station, the 240-megawatt (MW) facility was the largest such power station in the world by installed capacity for 45 years until the 254-MW South Korean ... | Rance Tidal Power Station | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,050 | [
"Construction",
"Coastal construction"
] |
4,961,315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CentiMark | CentiMark Corporation (est. 1968) is a national roofing contractor company headquartered in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania in the United States. The company also has a flooring division, QuestMark, and a Canadian Roofing subsidiary, CentiMark LTD.
History
Edward B. Dunlap started D&B Laboratories in 1967 as a part-time indu... | CentiMark | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 769 | [
"Structural system",
"Structural engineering",
"Roofs"
] |
4,961,951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcytosis | Transcytosis (also known as cytopempsis) is a type of transcellular transport in which various macromolecules are transported across the interior of a cell. Macromolecules are captured in vesicles on one side of the cell, drawn across the cell, and ejected on the other side. Examples of macromolecules transported inclu... | Transcytosis | [
"Biology"
] | 1,831 | [
"Cellular processes"
] |
4,962,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picul | A picul , dan
or tam, is a traditional Asian unit of weight, defined as "as much as a man can carry on a shoulder-pole". Historically, it was defined as equivalent to 100 or 120 catties, depending on time and region. The picul is most commonly used in southern China and Maritime Southeast Asia.
History
The unit origi... | Picul | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 618 | [
"Matter",
"Quantity",
"Units of mass",
"Mass",
"Units of measurement"
] |
4,964,853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langmuir%20%28journal%29 | Langmuir is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1985 and is published by the American Chemical Society. It is the leading journal focusing on the science and application of systems and materials in which the interface dominates structure and function. Research areas covered include surface and co... | Langmuir (journal) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 175 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Surface science"
] |
22,582,731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20signaling%20game | In game theory, the Lewis signaling game is a type of signaling game that features perfect common interest between players. It is named for the philosopher David Lewis who was the first to discuss this game in his Ph.D. dissertation, and later book, Convention.
The game
The underlying game has two players, the sende... | Lewis signaling game | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 355 | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Game theory",
"Non-cooperative games",
"Asymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
22,582,958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20gamma-ray%20bursts | The following is a list of significant gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) listed in chronological order. GRBs are named after the date on which they were detected: the first two numbers correspond to the year, the second two numbers to the month, and the last two numbers to the day.
List
Extremes
Firsts
Most distant GRB
Note... | List of gamma-ray bursts | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 121 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical events",
"Gamma-ray bursts"
] |
22,583,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcinkiewicz%E2%80%93Zygmund%20inequality | In mathematics, the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund inequality, named after Józef Marcinkiewicz and Antoni Zygmund, gives relations between moments of a collection of independent random variables. It is a generalization of the rule for the sum of variances of independent random variables to moments of arbitrary order. It is a sp... | Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 240 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in statistics",
"Statistical inequalities",
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Theorems in functional analysis",
"Probabilistic inequalities",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
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