id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
514,534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical%20transformation | In Hamiltonian mechanics, a canonical transformation is a change of canonical coordinates that preserves the form of Hamilton's equations. This is sometimes known as form invariance. Although Hamilton's equations are preserved, it need not preserve the explicit form of the Hamiltonian itself. Canonical transformations... | Canonical transformation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,408 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Classical mechanics",
"Hamiltonian mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Transforms",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
515,339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20oxide | Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is a white powder which is insoluble in water. ZnO is used as an additive in numerous materials and products including cosmetics, food supplements, rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, sunscreens, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigmen... | Zinc oxide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 6,224 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Amphoteric compounds",
"Acids",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Semiconductor materials",
"Process chemicals",
"Oxides",
"Salts",
"Inorganic pigments",
"Materials",
"Electrical phenomena",
"II-VI semiconductors",
"Ceramic materials",
"Corrosion inhibitors",
"Ceramic engine... |
515,382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamline | In accelerator physics, a beamline refers to the trajectory of the beam of particles, including the overall construction of the path segment (guide tubes, diagnostic devices) along a specific path of an accelerator facility. This part is either
the line in a linear accelerator along which a beam of particles travels, ... | Beamline | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,943 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Synchrotron instrumentation",
"Materials science",
"Vacuum",
"Measuring instruments",
"Neutron instrumentation",
"Experimental physics",
"nan",
"Accelerator physics",
"Matter"
] |
21,116,542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20map | In mathematics, a generalized map is a topological model which allows one to represent and to handle subdivided objects. This model was defined starting from combinatorial maps in order to represent non-orientable and open subdivisions, which is not possible with combinatorial maps. The main advantage of generalized m... | Generalized map | [
"Mathematics"
] | 350 | [
"Graph theory",
"Algebraic topology",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Mathematical relations",
"Topological graph theory"
] |
21,117,094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous%20silica-alumina | Amorphous silica-alumina is a synthetic substance that is used as a catalyst or catalyst support. It can be prepared in a number of ways for example:
Precipitation of hydrous alumina onto amorphous silica hydrogel
Reacting a silica sol with an alumina sol
Coprecipitation from sodium silicate / aluminium salt solutio... | Amorphous silica-alumina | [
"Chemistry"
] | 282 | [
"Catalysis",
"Acids",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Acid catalysts",
"Inorganic silicon compounds",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
21,117,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite%20laminate | In materials science, a composite laminate is an assembly of layers of fibrous composite materials which can be joined to provide required engineering properties, including in-plane stiffness, bending stiffness, strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion.
The individual layers consist of high-modulus, high-strengt... | Composite laminate | [
"Physics"
] | 758 | [
"Materials",
"Composite materials",
"Matter"
] |
21,120,310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed%20extraction | Delayed extraction is a method used with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer in which the accelerating voltage is applied after some short time delay following pulsed laser desorption/ionization from a flat surface of target plate or, in other implementation, pulsed electron ionization or Resonance enhanced multiphoton... | Delayed extraction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 392 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
27,355,562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organostannane%20addition | Organostannane addition is reaction involving the nucleophilic addition of an allyl-, allenyl-, or propargyl-stannane to an aldehyde, imine, or (in rare cases) a ketone. This reaction is widely used for carbonyl allylation.
The addition of an organostannane to carbonyl group is one of the most common and efficient met... | Organostannane addition | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,271 | [
"Organic reactions"
] |
27,356,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dock%20Road%20Edwardian%20Pumping%20Station | Dock Road Edwardian Pumping Station is a sewage pumping station in Northwich, Cheshire, United Kingdom. The pumping station is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.
History
Towards the end of the 19th century, Brunner Mond chemical company was provided new housin... | Dock Road Edwardian Pumping Station | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 346 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
27,358,159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheung%E2%80%93Marks%20theorem | In information theory, the Cheung–Marks theorem, named after K. F. Cheung and Robert J. Marks II, specifies conditions where restoration of a signal by the sampling theorem can become ill-posed. It offers conditions whereby "reconstruction error with unbounded variance [results] when a bounded variance noise is added t... | Cheung–Marks theorem | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 340 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory",
"Mathematical theorems in theoretical computer science",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
13,144,608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verification%20and%20validation | Verification and validation (also abbreviated as V&V) are independent procedures that are used together for checking that a product, service, or system meets requirements and specifications and that it fulfills its intended purpose. These are critical components of a quality management system such as ISO 9000. The word... | Verification and validation | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,254 | [
"Systems engineering"
] |
13,147,078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emetine | Emetine is a drug used as both an anti-protozoal and to induce vomiting. It is produced from the ipecac root. It takes its name from its emetic properties.
Early preparations
Mechanism of action of emetine was studied by François Magendie during the nineteenth century.
Early use of emetine was in the form of oral adm... | Emetine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 970 | [
"Alkaloids by chemical classification",
"Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids",
"Biocides",
"Antiprotozoal agents"
] |
13,148,240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground%20reaction%20force | In physics, and in particular in biomechanics, the ground reaction force (GRF) is the force exerted by the ground on a body in contact with it.
For example, a person standing motionless on the ground exerts a contact force on it (equal to the person's weight) and at the same time an equal and opposite ground reaction f... | Ground reaction force | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 452 | [
"Biomechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
3,663,969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNCA%20experiment | HNCA is a 3D triple-resonance NMR experiment commonly used in the field of protein NMR. The name derives from the experiment's magnetization transfer pathway: The magnetization of the amide proton of an amino acid residue is transferred to the amide nitrogen, and then to the alpha carbons of both the starting residue a... | HNCA experiment | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 366 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Protein stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments",
"Protein methods",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biophysics",
"Structural biology",
"Protein structure"
] |
3,664,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNCOCA%20experiment | HNCOCA is a 3D triple-resonance NMR experiment commonly used in the field of protein NMR. The name derives from the experiment's magnetization transfer pathway: The magnetization of the amide proton of an amino acid residue is transferred to the amide nitrogen, and then to the alpha carbon of the previous residue in th... | HNCOCA experiment | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 329 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Protein stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments",
"Protein methods",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biophysics",
"Structural biology",
"Protein structure"
] |
3,665,494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smena%20%28camera%29 | Smena () is a series of low-cost 35 mm film cameras manufactured in the Soviet Union by the LOMO factory from 1953 to 1991. They were designed to be inexpensive and accessible to the public, made of bakelite or black plastic for the later models.
Their mode of operation was exclusively manual, to the extent that windi... | Smena (camera) | [
"Technology"
] | 367 | [
"Recording devices",
"Cameras"
] |
3,666,839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMC%20protein | SMC complexes represent a large family of ATPases that participate in many aspects of higher-order chromosome organization and dynamics. SMC stands for Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes.
Classification
Eukaryotic SMCs
Eukaryotes have at least six SMC proteins in individual organisms, and they form three distinct ... | SMC protein | [
"Biology"
] | 896 | [
"Cell biology",
"Cellular processes",
"Cell cycle",
"Mitosis"
] |
3,668,370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carath%C3%A9odory%E2%80%93Jacobi%E2%80%93Lie%20theorem | The Carathéodory–Jacobi–Lie theorem is a theorem in symplectic geometry which generalizes Darboux's theorem.
Statement
Let M be a 2n-dimensional symplectic manifold with symplectic form ω. For p ∈ M and r ≤ n, let f1, f2, ..., fr be smooth functions defined on an open neighborhood V of p whose differentials are linear... | Carathéodory–Jacobi–Lie theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 265 | [
"Theorems in differential geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
3,668,693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilmanifold | In mathematics, a nilmanifold is a differentiable manifold which has a transitive nilpotent group of diffeomorphisms acting on it. As such, a nilmanifold is an example of a homogeneous space and is diffeomorphic to the quotient space , the quotient of a nilpotent Lie group N modulo a closed subgroup H. This notion w... | Nilmanifold | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,600 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Group actions",
"Homogeneous spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Algebraic structures",
"Manifolds",
"Geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
2,704,518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence%20%28manifolds%29 | In the theory of smooth manifolds, a congruence is the set of integral curves defined by a nonvanishing vector field defined on the manifold.
Congruences are an important concept in general relativity, and are also important in parts of Riemannian geometry.
A motivational example
The idea of a congruence is probab... | Congruence (manifolds) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 657 | [
"Topology",
"Differential topology"
] |
2,704,720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable%20architecture | Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings through improved efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, development space and the ecosystem at large. Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservatio... | Sustainable architecture | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 5,832 | [
"Sustainable building",
"Sustainable architecture",
"Building engineering",
"Construction",
"Environmental social science",
"Architecture"
] |
2,704,841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20preheater | An air preheater is any device designed to heat air before another process (for example, combustion in a boiler), with the primary objective of increasing the thermal efficiency of the process. They may be used alone or to replace a recuperative heat system or to replace a steam coil.
In particular, this article desc... | Air preheater | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,213 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Chemical equipment",
"Engineering thermodynamics",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
2,704,993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20speed%20control | An electronic speed control (ESC) is an electronic circuit that controls and regulates the speed of an electric motor. It may also provide reversing of the motor and dynamic braking.
Miniature electronic speed controls are used in electrically powered radio controlled models. Full-size electric vehicles also have syst... | Electronic speed control | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,347 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Power electronics"
] |
2,705,889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20requirements%20specification | A System Requirements Specification (SysRS) (abbreviated SysRS to be distinct from a software requirements specification (SRS)) is a structured collection of information that embodies the requirements of a system.
A business analyst (BA), sometimes titled system analyst, is responsible for analyzing the business needs... | System requirements specification | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 235 | [
"Software engineering",
"Systems engineering",
"Information technology",
"Computer engineering"
] |
2,705,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-ATPase | F-ATPase, also known as F-Type ATPase, is an ATPase/synthase found in bacterial plasma membranes, in mitochondrial inner membranes (in oxidative phosphorylation, where it is known as Complex V), and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. It uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis by allowing the passive flux of prot... | F-ATPase | [
"Biology"
] | 651 | [
"Protein classification",
"Membrane proteins"
] |
2,707,059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impervious%20surface | Impervious surfaces are mainly artificial structures—such as pavements (roads, sidewalks, driveways and parking lots, as well as industrial areas such as airports, ports and logistics and distribution centres, all of which use considerable paved areas) that are covered by water-resistant materials such as asphalt, conc... | Impervious surface | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,822 | [
"Hydrology",
"Water pollution",
"Soil degradation",
"Hydrology and urban planning",
"Environmental engineering",
"Environmental soil science"
] |
2,707,511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condorcet%27s%20jury%20theorem | Condorcet's jury theorem is a political science theorem about the relative probability of a given group of individuals arriving at a correct decision. The theorem was first expressed by the Marquis de Condorcet in his 1785 work Essay on the Application of Analysis to the Probability of Majority Decisions.
The assumpti... | Condorcet's jury theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,730 | [
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
2,709,092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup%20%28web%20application%20hybrid%29 | A mashup (computer industry jargon), in web development, is a web page or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a single new service displayed in a single graphical interface. For example, a user could combine the addresses and photographs of their library branches with a Google map to c... | Mashup (web application hybrid) | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,463 | [
"Software engineering",
"Web development"
] |
2,709,093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyldiimidazole | 1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) is an organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid. It is often used for the coupling of amino acids for peptide synthesis and as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Preparation
CDI can be prepared straightforwardly by the reaction of phosgene with four equ... | Carbonyldiimidazole | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,246 | [
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
2,709,792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%28I%29%20iodide | Copper(I) iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is also known as cuprous iodide. It is useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding.
Copper(I) iodide is white, but samples often appear tan or even, when found in nature as rare mineral marshite, reddish br... | Copper(I) iodide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 865 | [
"Semiconductor materials",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Metal halides",
"Salts"
] |
8,498,996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-matrix | The term R-matrix has several meanings, depending on the field of study.
The term R-matrix is used in connection with the Yang–Baxter equation, first introduced in the field of statistical mechanics in the works of J. B. McGuire in 1964 and C. N. Yang in 1967 and in the group algebra of the symmetric group in the wor... | R-matrix | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 312 | [
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Mathematical objects",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
8,499,571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20probability | The probability of the outcome of an experiment is never negative, although a quasiprobability distribution allows a negative probability, or quasiprobability for some events. These distributions may apply to unobservable events or conditional probabilities.
Physics and mathematics
In 1942, Paul Dirac wrote a paper "T... | Negative probability | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,579 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical finance",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
8,504,422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFD-ACE%2B | CFD-ACE+ is a commercial computational fluid dynamics solver developed by Applied Materials. It solves the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, chemical species and other scalar transport equations using the finite volume method. These equations enable coupled simulations of fluid, thermal, chemical, biolo... | CFD-ACE+ | [
"Physics"
] | 640 | [
"Physics software",
"Computational physics"
] |
25,499,097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-body%20units | N-body units are a completely self-contained system of units used for N-body simulations of self-gravitating systems in astrophysics. In this system, the base physical units are chosen so that the total mass, M, the gravitational constant, G, and the virial radius, R, are normalized. The underlying assumption is that t... | N-body units | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 246 | [
"Systems of units",
"Units of measurement",
"Quantity",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
24,101,751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20integrity | Surface integrity is the surface condition of a workpiece after being modified by a manufacturing process. The term was coined by Michael Field and John F. Kahles in 1964.
The surface integrity of a workpiece or item changes the material's properties. The consequences of changes to surface integrity are a mechanical e... | Surface integrity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 651 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
24,104,934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C21H20O9 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C21H20O9}}
The molecular formula C21H20O9 (molar mass: 416.38 g/mol, exact mass: 416.1107 u) may refer to:
Aleuritin, a coumarinolignoid
Daidzin, an isoflavone
Puerarin, an isoflavone
Molecular formulas | C21H20O9 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 84 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,106,109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental%20prosthesis | A dental prosthesis is an intraoral (inside the mouth) prosthesis used to restore (reconstruct) intraoral defects such as missing teeth, missing parts of teeth, and missing soft or hard structures of the jaw and palate. Prosthodontics is the dental specialty that focuses on dental prostheses. Such prostheses are used t... | Dental prosthesis | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 314 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Bioengineering stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Medical technology stubs",
"Medical technology"
] |
24,107,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20complexity%20of%20matrix%20multiplication | In theoretical computer science, the computational complexity of matrix multiplication dictates how quickly the operation of matrix multiplication can be performed. Matrix multiplication algorithms are a central subroutine in theoretical and numerical algorithms for numerical linear algebra and optimization, so finding... | Computational complexity of matrix multiplication | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,420 | [
"Unsolved problems in computer science",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
24,107,729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARCM | Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker, or MARCM, is a genetics technique for creating individually labeled homozygous cells in an otherwise heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster. It has been a crucial tool in studying the development of the Drosophila nervous system. This technique relies on recombination durin... | MARCM | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 857 | [
"Molecular genetics",
"Molecular biology"
] |
24,108,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectin%20of%2043%20kDa | Collectin of 43 kDa (CL-43) is a collectin protein that acts as an antigen recognition protein. When an agent, zymosan, was injected into the tunicate Styela plicata (causing inflammation), secretion of this collectin was tripled within 96 hours.
References
Collectins
Proteins | Collectin of 43 kDa | [
"Chemistry"
] | 69 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
24,109,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quench%20press | A quench press is a machine that uses concentrated forces to hold an object as it is quenched. These types of quench facilities are used to quench large gears and other circular parts so that they remain circular. They are also used to quench saw blades and other flat or plate-shaped objects so that they remain flat.
... | Quench press | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 140 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Metallurgy"
] |
4,976,789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20potassium%20ATPase | Gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase, also known as H+/K+ ATPase, is an enzyme which functions to acidify the stomach. It is a member of the P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases due to its two states.
Biological function and location
The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H+/K+ ATPase is the proton pump of the ... | Hydrogen potassium ATPase | [
"Biology"
] | 1,651 | [
"Digestive system",
"Organ systems"
] |
4,978,101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANFLEX | CANFLEX; the name is derived from its function: CANDU FLEXible fuelling, is an advanced fuel bundle design developed by Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. (AECL), along with the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) for use in CANDU design nuclear reactors. The designers claim that it will deliver many benefits to ... | CANFLEX | [
"Physics"
] | 321 | [
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"Matter"
] |
4,979,244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaffel | Schaffel (the German spelling to match the English pronunciation of "shuffle") is a fusion style of techno and rock in which minimal techno's straight-up drum kick is shuffled to offbeat emphasis. Often triplet eighths are used to create swinging rhythms.
History
Originating from swing and R&B roots, the beat was popu... | Schaffel | [
"Physics"
] | 188 | [
"Spacetime",
"Rhythm and meter",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
4,980,124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faying | Welding | Faying | [
"Engineering"
] | 3 | [
"Welding",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
4,980,632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20humidification | The solar humidification–dehumidification method (HDH) is a thermal water desalination method. It is based on evaporation of sea water or brackish water and subsequent condensation of the generated humid air, mostly at ambient pressure. This process mimics the natural water cycle, but over a much shorter time frame.
O... | Solar humidification | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 518 | [
"Water desalination",
"Water treatment",
"Water pollution",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology"
] |
4,982,431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%20%28computer%20algebra%20system%29 | Fermat (named after Pierre de Fermat) is a program developed by Prof. Robert H. Lewis of Fordham University. It is a computer algebra system, in which items being computed can be integers (of arbitrary size), rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers, modular numbers, finite field elements, multivariable polynomi... | Fermat (computer algebra system) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 799 | [
"Computer algebra systems",
"Mathematical software"
] |
20,017,026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehn%20function | In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, a Dehn function, named after Max Dehn, is an optimal function associated to a finite group presentation which bounds the area of a relation in that group (that is a freely reduced word in the generators representing the identity element of the group) in terms of th... | Dehn function | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,645 | [
"Geometric group theory",
"Group actions",
"Geometric topology",
"Combinatorics",
"Topology",
"Combinatorics on words",
"Symmetry"
] |
20,024,409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transiting%20Exoplanet%20Survey%20Satellite | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a space telescope for NASA's Explorer program, designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method in an area 400 times larger than that covered by the Kepler mission. It was launched on 18 April 2018, atop a Falcon 9 launch vehicle and was placed into a highly ell... | Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 5,607 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Exoplanet search projects",
"Astrophysics",
"Space telescopes",
"Asteroseismology",
"Astronomy projects",
"Stellar phenomena"
] |
18,839,594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20strategy | A test strategy is an outline that describes the testing approach of the software development cycle. The purpose of a test strategy is to provide a rational deduction from organizational, high-level objectives to actual test activities to meet those objectives from a quality assurance perspective. The creation and docu... | Test strategy | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,772 | [
"Software engineering",
"Software testing"
] |
18,841,364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%20in%20IP | IP in IP is an IP tunneling protocol that encapsulates one IP packet in another IP packet. To encapsulate an IP packet in another IP packet, an outer header is added with Source IP, the entry point of the tunnel, and Destination IP, the exit point of the tunnel. While doing this, the inner packet is unmodified (except ... | IP in IP | [
"Engineering"
] | 205 | [
"Computer networks engineering",
"Tunneling protocols"
] |
18,842,002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shampoo | Shampoo () is a hair care product, typically in the form of a viscous liquid, that is formulated to be used for cleaning (scalp) hair. Less commonly, it is available in solid bar format. ("Dry shampoo" is a separate product.) Shampoo is used by applying it to wet hair, massaging the product in the hair, roots and scalp... | Shampoo | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,757 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug delivery devices"
] |
18,842,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream | A stream is a continuous body of surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to by a variety of local or regional names. Long, large streams are usually called rivers, while smaller, less voluminous and more intermittent str... | Stream | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 5,514 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
18,842,511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klincewicz%20method | In thermodynamic modelling, the Klincewicz method is a predictive method based both on group contributions and on a correlation with some basic molecular properties. The method estimates the critical temperature, the critical pressure, and the critical volume of pure components. It is named after Karen Klincewicz Gleas... | Klincewicz method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 624 | [
"Thermodynamic models",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
18,844,051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic%20genetic%20array | Synthetic genetic array analysis (SGA) is a high-throughput technique for exploring synthetic lethal and synthetic sick genetic interactions (SSL). SGA allows for the systematic construction of double mutants using a combination of recombinant genetic techniques, mating and selection steps. Using SGA methodology a quer... | Synthetic genetic array | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 635 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Microtechnology",
"Genetics",
"Microarrays",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular biology techniques"
] |
18,844,117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian%20stove | The Russian stove () is a type of masonry stove that first appeared in the 15th century or earlier. These stoves combine the functions of a traditional stove, oven, and fireplace into a single unit, and serve a broad range of purposes, including cooking (boiling, baking, and smoking), drying plants and mushrooms, provi... | Russian stove | [
"Engineering"
] | 915 | [
"Construction",
"Masonry"
] |
18,844,184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut%20d%27%C3%A9lectronique%20de%20micro%C3%A9lectronique%20et%20de%20nanotechnologie | The Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology or IEMN (Institut d'électronique de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie in French) is a research institute of University of Lille, CNRS and École Centrale de Lille (UMR CNRS 8520).
IEMN research activities
The main research focus is in six major sc... | Institut d'électronique de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie | [
"Materials_science"
] | 424 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanotechnology institutions",
"Materials science organizations",
"Materials science institutes"
] |
863,494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%28II%29%20sulfide | Lead(II) sulfide (also spelled sulphide) is an inorganic compound with the formula PbS. Galena is the principal ore and the most important compound of lead. It is a semiconducting material with niche uses.
Formation, basic properties, related materials
Addition of hydrogen sulfide or sulfide salts to a solution contai... | Lead(II) sulfide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 922 | [
"Semiconductor materials",
"IV-VI semiconductors"
] |
863,608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN%20thread | The AN thread (also A-N) is a particular type of fitting used to connect flexible hoses and rigid metal tubing that carry fluid. It is a US military-derived specification that dates back to World War II and stems from a joint standard agreed upon by the Army Air Corps and Navy, hence AN. The Air Corps-Navy involvement ... | AN thread | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 474 | [
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Plumbing",
"Construction",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping"
] |
863,668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backscatter | In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came. It is usually a diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specular reflection as from a mirror, although specular backscattering can occur at normal incidence with a surfac... | Backscatter | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,182 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Scattering",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
863,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20breathing | Liquid breathing is a form of respiration in which a normally air-breathing organism breathes an oxygen-rich liquid which is capable of CO2 gas exchange (such as a perfluorocarbon).
The liquid involved requires certain physical properties, such as respiratory gas solubility, density, viscosity, vapor pressure and lip... | Liquid breathing | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 4,556 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Matter",
"Liquids"
] |
863,813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation%20theory%20of%20the%20Poincar%C3%A9%20group | In mathematics, the representation theory of the Poincaré group is an example of the representation theory of a Lie group that is neither a compact group nor a semisimple group. It is fundamental in theoretical physics.
In a physical theory having Minkowski space as the underlying spacetime, the space of physical stat... | Representation theory of the Poincaré group | [
"Physics"
] | 523 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
863,918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal%20return | Eternal return (or eternal recurrence) is a philosophical concept which states that time repeats itself in an infinite loop, and that exactly the same events will continue to occur in exactly the same way, over and over again, for eternity.
In ancient Greece, the concept of eternal return was most prominently associat... | Eternal return | [
"Physics"
] | 2,706 | [
"Spacetime",
"Philosophy of time",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
865,107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stover | Stover are the leaves and stalks of field crops, such as corn (maize), sorghum or soybean that are commonly left in a field after harvesting the grain. It is similar to straw, the residue left after any cereal grain or grass has been harvested at maturity for its seed. It can be directly grazed by cattle or dried for u... | Stover | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 166 | [
"Biodegradation",
"Biodegradable materials",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
865,138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s%20rotation%20theorem | In geometry, Euler's rotation theorem states that, in three-dimensional space, any displacement of a rigid body such that a point on the rigid body remains fixed, is equivalent to a single rotation about some axis that runs through the fixed point. It also means that the composition of two rotations is also a rotation.... | Euler's rotation theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,545 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Functions and mappings",
"Euclidean symmetries",
"Mathematical objects",
"Eponymous theorems of geometry",
"Mathematical relations",
"Geometry",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Mathematical problems",
"Symmetry"
] |
865,211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homes%27s%20law | In superconductivity, Homes's law is an empirical relation that states that a superconductor's
critical temperature (Tc) is proportional to the strength of the superconducting state for temperatures well below Tc close to zero temperature (also referred to as the fully formed superfluid density, ) multiplied by the el... | Homes's law | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 550 | [
"Matter",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Superfluidity",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
866,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleron | An acceleron is a hypothetical subatomic particle postulated to relate the mass of the neutrino to the dark energy conjectured to be responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe.
The acceleron was postulated by researchers at the University of Washington in 2004.
References
Dark energy
Hypothetical elem... | Acceleron | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 64 | [
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Physical quantities",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Energy (physics)",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Dark energy",
"Hypothetical elementary particles",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Physics... |
1,331,441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document%20classification | Document classification or document categorization is a problem in library science, information science and computer science. The task is to assign a document to one or more classes or categories. This may be done "manually" (or "intellectually") or algorithmically. The intellectual classification of documents has most... | Document classification | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,314 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Natural language processing",
"Natural language and computing",
"Machine learning"
] |
1,331,526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enflurane | Enflurane (2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) is a halogenated ether. Developed by Ross Terrell in 1963, it was first used clinically in 1966. It was increasingly used for inhalational anesthesia during the 1970s and 1980s but is no longer in common use.
Enflurane is a structural isomer of isoflurane... | Enflurane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 617 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Functional groups",
"Ethers"
] |
1,331,587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%20%E2%88%92%20L | In particle physics, B − L (pronounced "bee minus ell") is a quantum number which is the difference between the baryon number () and the lepton number () of a quantum system.
Details
This quantum number is the charge of a global/gauge U(1) symmetry in some Grand Unified Theory models, called . Unlike baryon number alo... | B − L | [
"Physics"
] | 279 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Conservation laws",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Symmetry",
"Physics theorems"
] |
1,331,655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew%20pond | A dew pond is an artificial pond usually sited on the top of a hill, intended for watering livestock. Dew ponds are used in areas where a natural supply of surface water may not be readily available. The name dew pond (sometimes cloud pond or mist pond) is first found in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society in... | Dew pond | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,475 | [
"Ecological techniques",
"Water supply",
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
1,331,789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton%20number | In particle physics, lepton number (historically also called lepton charge)
is a conserved quantum number representing the difference between the number of leptons and the number of antileptons in an elementary particle reaction.
Lepton number is an additive quantum number, so its sum is preserved in interactions (as o... | Lepton number | [
"Physics"
] | 962 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Conservation laws",
"Particle physics",
"Symmetry",
"Physics theorems"
] |
1,333,167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAN%20method | The VAN method – named after P. Varotsos, K. Alexopoulos and K. Nomicos, authors of the 1981 papers describing it – measures low frequency electric signals, termed "seismic electric signals" (SES), by which Varotsos and several colleagues claimed to have successfully predicted earthquakes in Greece. Both the method its... | VAN method | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,534 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Earthquake and seismic risk mitigation"
] |
1,334,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20Darwinism | Quantum Darwinism is a theory meant to explain the emergence of the classical world from the quantum world as due to a process of Darwinian natural selection induced by the environment interacting with the quantum system; where the many possible quantum states are selected against in favor of a stable pointer state. It... | Quantum Darwinism | [
"Physics"
] | 1,439 | [
"Quantum measurement",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
26,994,195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20plot%20%28kinetics%29 | In enzyme kinetics, a secondary plot uses the intercept or slope from several Lineweaver–Burk plots to find additional kinetic constants.
For example, when a set of v by [S] curves from an enzyme with a ping–pong mechanism (varying substrate A, fixed substrate B) are plotted in a Lineweaver–Burk plot, a set of paralle... | Secondary plot (kinetics) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 333 | [
"Chemical kinetics",
"Enzyme kinetics"
] |
26,998,219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginzburg%20criterion | Mean field theory gives sensible results as long as one is able to neglect fluctuations in the system under consideration. The Ginzburg criterion tells quantitatively when mean field theory is valid. It also gives the idea of an
upper critical dimension, a dimensionality of the system above which mean field theory give... | Ginzburg criterion | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 321 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physical properties"
] |
26,998,547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees%20of%20freedom%20%28physics%20and%20chemistry%29 | In physics and chemistry, a degree of freedom is an independent physical parameter in the chosen parameterization of a physical system. More formally, given a parameterization of a physical system, the number of degrees of freedom is the smallest number of parameters whose values need to be known in order to always be... | Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,098 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Dimension",
"Theory of relativity",
"Physical properties"
] |
26,998,617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%20%28physics%29 | In science, a field is a physical quantity, represented by a scalar, vector, or tensor, that has a value for each point in space and time. An example of a scalar field is a weather map, with the surface temperature described by assigning a number to each point on the map. A surface wind map, assigning an arrow to each ... | Field (physics) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,419 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Applied mathematics",
"Quantity",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical physics",
"Physical properties"
] |
22,606,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain%20shuttling%20polymerization | Chain shuttling polymerization is a dual-catalyst method for producing block copolymers with alternating or variable tacticity. The desired effect of this method is to generate hybrid polymers that bear the properties of both polymer chains, such as a high melting point accompanied by high elasticity. It is a relativ... | Chain shuttling polymerization | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 879 | [
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
22,610,613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-coupling%20reaction | In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:
(R, R' = organic fragments, usually aryl; M = main ... | Cross-coupling reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 828 | [
"Catalysis",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Coupling reactions",
"Organic reactions",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
22,615,327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20engineering%20theory | Structural engineering depends upon a detailed knowledge of loads, physics and materials to understand and predict how structures support and resist self-weight and imposed loads. To apply the knowledge successfully structural engineers will need a detailed knowledge of mathematics and of relevant empirical and theoret... | Structural engineering theory | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,319 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Construction"
] |
22,616,176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical%20regularization | In physics and applied mathematics, analytical regularization is a technique used to convert boundary value problems which can be written as Fredholm integral equations of the first kind involving singular operators into equivalent Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The latter may be easier to solve analyt... | Analytical regularization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 312 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Computational electromagnetics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computational physics",
"Diffraction",
"Crystallography",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
6,538,017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction%20map | A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA. Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes. In molecular biology, restriction maps are used as a reference to engineer plasmids or other relatively short pieces of DNA, and sometimes for longer genomic DNA. There are other ... | Restriction map | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 712 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Genetics",
"Molecular biology"
] |
6,543,509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symposium%20on%20Logic%20in%20Computer%20Science | The ACM–IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS) is an annual academic conference on the theory and practice of computer science in relation to mathematical logic. Extended versions of selected papers of each year's conference appear in renowned international journals such as Logical Methods in Computer Scien... | Symposium on Logic in Computer Science | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,097 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Logic in computer science"
] |
6,545,531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper%20Bravo | Piper Bravo is a North Sea oil production platform originally operated by Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Ltd, and now owned by Repsol Sinopec Energy UK.
Piper Bravo is an eight-legged fixed steel jacket supported platform, located 193 kilometres northeast of Aberdeen in the Piper oilfield in the central North Sea. I... | Piper Bravo | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 144 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Petroleum",
"Natural gas platforms",
"Petroleum stubs"
] |
6,547,312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonophoresis | Sonophoresis also known as phonophoresis, is a method that utilizes ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topical medications through the stratum corneum, to the epidermis and dermis. Sonophoresis allows for the enhancement of the permeability of the skin along with other modalities, such as iontophoresis, to deliver d... | Sonophoresis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,849 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug delivery devices"
] |
6,548,232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabin%20%28unit%29 | In acoustics, the sabin (or more precisely the square foot sabin) is a unit of sound absorption, used for expressing the total effective absorption for the interior of a room. Sound absorption can be expressed in terms of the percentage of energy absorbed compared with the percentage reflected. It can also be expressed... | Sabin (unit) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 309 | [
"Quantity",
"Sound measurements",
"Physical quantities",
"Units of measurement"
] |
6,548,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen%20presentation | Antigen presentation is a vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering. Because T cells recognize only fragmented antigens displayed on cell surfaces, antigen processing must occur before the antigen fragment can be recognized by a T-cell receptor. Specifically, the fragment, bound to th... | Antigen presentation | [
"Biology"
] | 1,742 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
21,121,213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond%20%28software%29 | Desmond is a software package developed at D. E. Shaw Research to perform high-speed molecular dynamics simulations of biological systems on conventional computer clusters. The code uses novel parallel algorithms and numerical methods to achieve high performance on platforms containing multiple processors, but may also... | Desmond (software) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 571 | [
"Molecular dynamics software",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry",
"Force fields (chemistry)"
] |
21,121,900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar%20777 | The Caterpillar 777 is a 100-ton haul truck, typically used in open pit mining, manufactured by Caterpillar Inc.
The first model of Caterpillar 777 was introduced in 1974. Its diesel engine is capable of putting out . The 777D, introduced in 1996, was powered by a diesel.
References
Dump trucks
Off-road vehicles
M... | Caterpillar 777 | [
"Engineering"
] | 91 | [
"Engineering vehicles",
"Dump trucks",
"Mining equipment"
] |
21,122,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar%20789 | The Caterpillar 789 dump truck is a model of haul trucks, typically used in open pit mining, manufactured by Caterpillar Inc.
The 789 has a capacity of 177 tonnes, and its engine can produce 1770 horsepower. While some competing products use hybrid drive, the Caterpillar 789 has an entirely mechanical drive-train.
The... | Caterpillar 789 | [
"Engineering"
] | 300 | [
"Engineering vehicles",
"Dump trucks"
] |
21,123,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl%20radical | An aryl radical in organic chemistry is a reactive intermediate and an arene compound incorporating one free radical carbon atom as part of the ring structure. As such it is the radical counterpart of the arenium ion. The parent compound is the phenyl radical . Aryl radicals are intermediates in certain organic reactio... | Aryl radical | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 277 | [
"Senescence",
"Free radicals",
"Biomolecules"
] |
21,127,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooflagellate | In some older systems of classification, Zoomastigophora is a phylum (more commonly known as zooflagellates) within the kingdom Protista. Organisms within this group have a spherical, elongated body with a single central nucleus. They are single-celled, heterotrophic eukaryotes and may form symbiotic relationships wit... | Zooflagellate | [
"Biology"
] | 177 | [
"Eukaryotes",
"Tree of life (biology)",
"Protists",
"Eukaryote stubs"
] |
143,357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20ultrasound | Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics... | Medical ultrasound | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 12,026 | [
"Medical equipment",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Medical technology"
] |
143,431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereographic%20projection | In mathematics, a stereographic projection is a perspective projection of the sphere, through a specific point on the sphere (the pole or center of projection), onto a plane (the projection plane) perpendicular to the diameter through the point. It is a smooth, bijective function from the entire sphere except the cente... | Stereographic projection | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 5,229 | [
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Materials science"
] |
143,532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardaxin | Pardaxin is a peptide produced by the Red Sea sole (P4, P5) and the Pacific Peacock sole (P1, P2, P3) that is used as a shark repellent. It causes lysis of mammalian and bacterial cells, similar to melittin.
Synthesis
In the lab, pardaxin is synthesized using an automated peptide synthesizer. Alternatively, the secret... | Pardaxin | [
"Biology"
] | 827 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
144,143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium%20arsenide | Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a III-V direct band gap semiconductor with a zinc blende crystal structure.
Gallium arsenide is used in the manufacture of devices such as microwave frequency integrated circuits, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, infrared light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, solar cells and optical ... | Gallium arsenide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,679 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Semiconductor materials",
"III-V semiconductors",
"Light-emitting diode materials",
"III-V compounds"
] |
144,241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar%20mass | In chemistry, the molar mass () (sometimes called molecular weight or formula weight, but see related quantities for usage) of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of the compound. The molar mass is a bulk, not molecular, property of ... | Molar mass | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,538 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Stoichiometry",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Intensive quantities",
"Chemical quantities",
"Size",
"nan",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Molar quantities",
"Matter"
] |
144,417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoving%20and%20proper%20distances | In standard cosmology, comoving distance and proper distance (or physical distance) are two closely related distance measures used by cosmologists to define distances between objects. Comoving distance factors out the expansion of the universe, giving a distance that does not change in time except due to local factors,... | Comoving and proper distances | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,366 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Coordinate charts in general relativity",
"Coordinate systems",
"Physical properties",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
144,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate%20matter | Degenerate matter occurs when the Pauli exclusion principle significantly alters a state of matter at low temperature. The term is used in astrophysics to refer to dense stellar objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars, where thermal pressure alone is not enough to prevent gravitational collapse. The term also ap... | Degenerate matter | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,340 | [
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Phases of matter",
"Astrophysics",
"Exotic matter",
"Matter"
] |
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