id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18,871,460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Kampen%20diagram | In the mathematical area of geometric group theory, a Van Kampen diagram (sometimes also called a Lyndon–Van Kampen diagram ) is a planar diagram used to represent the fact that a particular word in the generators of a group given by a group presentation represents the identity element in that group.
History
The no... | Van Kampen diagram | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,905 | [
"Geometric group theory",
"Group actions",
"Combinatorics",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Combinatorics on words",
"Symmetry"
] |
18,872,320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate%20of%20infusion | In pharmacokinetics, the rate of infusion (or dosing rate) refers not just to the rate at which a drug is administered, but the desired rate at which a drug should be administered to achieve a steady state of a fixed dose which has been demonstrated to be therapeutically effective.
Abbreviations include Kin, K0, or R0... | Rate of infusion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 103 | [
"Temporal quantities",
"Pharmacology",
"Physical quantities",
"Pharmacokinetics",
"Temporal rates",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Pharmacology stubs"
] |
18,875,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinatumomab | Blinatumomab, sold under the brand name Blincyto, and known informally as blina, is a biopharmaceutical medication used as a second-line treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It belongs to a class of constructed monoclonal antibodies, bi-specific T-cell enga... | Blinatumomab | [
"Biology"
] | 835 | [
"Immunology"
] |
18,876,336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implied%20repo%20rate | Implied repo rate (IRR) is the rate of return of borrowing money to buy an asset in the spot market and delivering it in the futures market where the notional is used to repay the loan.
Simplified closed form
where dayBase is 365 or 360
Usage
Determine the cheapest to deliver asset
To determine the cheapest bond ... | Implied repo rate | [
"Mathematics"
] | 206 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical finance"
] |
18,877,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vav%20%28protein%29 | Vav is a family of proteins involved in cell signalling. They act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for small G proteins of the Rho family. GEF activity is mediated via module of tandem DH-PH domains. Vav proteins also appear to exhibit GEF-independent functions. Although it was originally thought that Vav ... | Vav (protein) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 174 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein families",
"Protein stubs",
"Protein classification"
] |
18,877,637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20moisture%20sensor | Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighing of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resis... | Soil moisture sensor | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 905 | [
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Soil physics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
18,877,738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-derived%20fuel | Tire-derived fuel (TDF) is composed of shredded scrap tires. Tires may be mixed with coal or other fuels, such as wood or chemical wastes, to be burned in concrete kilns, power plants, or paper mills. An EPA test program concluded that, with the exception of zinc emissions, potential emissions from TDF are not expected... | Tire-derived fuel | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 924 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"nan",
"Fuels",
"Chemical energy sources"
] |
8,528,932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submerged%20floating%20tunnel | A submerged floating tunnel (SFT), also known as submerged floating tube bridge (SFTB), suspended tunnel, or Archimedes bridge, is a proposed design for a tunnel that floats in water, supported by its buoyancy (specifically, by employing the hydrostatic thrust, or Archimedes' principle).
The tube would be placed under... | Submerged floating tunnel | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,472 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Construction",
"Bridges"
] |
8,529,655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20system | In logic, more specifically proof theory, a Hilbert system, sometimes called Hilbert calculus, Hilbert-style system, Hilbert-style proof system, Hilbert-style deductive system or Hilbert–Ackermann system, is a type of formal proof system attributed to Gottlob Frege and David Hilbert. These deductive systems are most of... | Hilbert system | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,030 | [
"Automated theorem proving",
"Proof theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Logical calculi",
"Computational mathematics"
] |
8,529,968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian%20regret | In stochastic game theory, Bayesian regret is the expected difference ("regret") between the utility of a Bayesian strategy and that of the optimal strategy (the one with the highest expected payoff).
The term Bayesian refers to Thomas Bayes (1702–1761), who proved a special case of what is now called Bayes' theorem, ... | Bayesian regret | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 233 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Game theory",
"Machine learning"
] |
8,530,877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasegawa%E2%80%93Mima%20equation | In plasma physics, the Hasegawa–Mima equation, named after Akira Hasegawa and Kunioki Mima, is an equation that describes a certain regime of plasma, where the time scales are very fast, and the distance scale in the direction of the magnetic field is long. In particular the equation is useful for describing turbulence... | Hasegawa–Mima equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,553 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Plasma physics equations",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
8,531,172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Genetically%20Engineered%20Machine | The iGEM (International Genetically Engineered Machine) competition is a worldwide synthetic biology competition that was initially aimed at undergraduate and 'overgraduate' university students, but has since expanded to include divisions for high school students, entrepreneurs, and community laboratories. iGEM is pres... | International Genetically Engineered Machine | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,471 | [
"Synthetic biology",
"Biological engineering",
"Molecular genetics",
"Bioinformatics"
] |
8,535,925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdigital%20transducer | An interdigital transducer (IDT) is a device that consists of two interlocking comb-shaped arrays of metallic electrodes (in the fashion of a zipper). These metallic electrodes are deposited on the surface of a piezoelectric substrate, such as quartz or lithium niobate, to form a periodic structure.
Function
IDTs prim... | Interdigital transducer | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 198 | [
"Microtechnology",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Materials science"
] |
8,536,216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20Poincar%C3%A9%20conjecture | In the mathematical area of topology, the generalized Poincaré conjecture is a statement that a manifold that is a homotopy sphere a sphere. More precisely, one fixes a category of manifolds: topological (Top), piecewise linear (PL), or differentiable (Diff). Then the statement is
Every homotopy sphere (a closed n-ma... | Generalized Poincaré conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,182 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Geometric topology",
"Conjectures",
"Topology",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
8,537,169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bis%28triphenylphosphine%29iminium%20chloride | Bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride is the chemical compound with the formula , often abbreviated , where Ph is phenyl , or even abbreviated [PPN]Cl or [PNP]Cl or PPNCl or PNPCl, where PPN or PNP stands for . This colorless salt is a source of the cation (abbreviated or ), which is used as an unreactive and weakl... | Bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 590 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Functional groups",
"Salts",
"Organic compounds",
"Organophosphorus compounds"
] |
6,565,890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20density | The maximum density of a substance is the highest attainable density of the substance under given conditions.
Attaining maximum density
Almost all known substances undergo thermal expansion in response to heating, meaning that a given mass of substance contracts to a low volume at low temperatures, when little thermal... | Maximum density | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 168 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Intensive quantities",
"Physical properties",
"Volume-specific quantities",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matt... |
20,056,598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxomer | Anoxomer is a food additive with E number E323. It is a non-digestible polymeric antioxidant. It was designed to allow the introduction of established antioxidants in a non-absorbable manner in order to avoid potential health risk associated with their digestion.
Anoxomer is prepared by condensation polymerization o... | Anoxomer | [
"Chemistry"
] | 147 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Organic polymers"
] |
21,151,773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8974 | 8974 / X-2159 is a power tetrode designed for megawatt power levels in industrial and broadcast applications.
Specifications
The 8974 is an external anode tube made of metal and ceramic. It has an overall height of , a diameter of , and weighs . It contains two directly heated thoriated-tungsten filaments rated at 1... | 8974 | [
"Physics"
] | 714 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
21,152,701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications%20of%20capacitors | Capacitors have many uses in electronic and electrical systems. They are so ubiquitous that it is rare that an electrical product does not include at least one for some purpose. Capacitors allow only AC signals to pass when they are charged blocking DC signals.
The main components of filters are capacitors.
Capacitors ... | Applications of capacitors | [
"Physics"
] | 3,568 | [
"Capacitance",
"Capacitors",
"Physical quantities"
] |
21,155,187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient%20ionization | Ambient ionization is a form of ionization in which ions are formed in an ion source outside the mass spectrometer without sample preparation or separation. Ions can be formed by extraction into charged electrospray droplets, thermally desorbed and ionized by chemical ionization, or laser desorbed or ablated and post-i... | Ambient ionization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,354 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Ion source",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
21,156,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-field%20asymmetric-waveform%20ion-mobility%20spectrometry | High-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS or RF-DC ion mobility spectrometry) is an ion mobility spectrometry technique in which ions at atmospheric pressure are separated by the application of a high-voltage asymmetric waveform at radio frequency (RF) combined with a static (DC) waveform applied... | High-field asymmetric-waveform ion-mobility spectrometry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 434 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
22,639,515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetting%20transition | A wetting transition (Cassie–Wenzel transition) may occur during the process of wetting of a solid (or liquid) surface with a liquid. The transition corresponds to a certain change in contact angle, the macroscopic parameter characterizing wetting. Various contact angles can co-exist on the same solid substrate. Wettin... | Wetting transition | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 582 | [
"Civil engineering",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Surface science"
] |
22,640,378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascalaph%20Designer | Ascalaph Designer is a computer program for general purpose molecular modelling for molecular design and simulations. It provides a graphical environment for the common programs of quantum and classical molecular modelling ORCA, NWChem, Firefly, CP2K and MDynaMix
. The molecular mechanics calculations cover model buil... | Ascalaph Designer | [
"Chemistry"
] | 155 | [
"Molecular dynamics software",
"Molecular modelling software",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software",
"Molecular modelling",
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry"
] |
22,641,673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Inspection%20Council%20for%20Electrical%20Installation%20Contracting | NICEIC is one of several organisations which assesses the competence of businesses undertaking electrical work in the UK. NICEIC is one of several providers given Government approval to offer Competent Person Schemes in England and Wales to oversee electrical work within the scope of Part P of the Building Regulations.... | National Inspection Council for Electrical Installation Contracting | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 555 | [
"Electrical systems",
"Building engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical wiring"
] |
22,643,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left%20atrial%20appendage%20occlusion | Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO), also referred to as left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), is a procedure used to reduce the risk of blood clots from the left atrial appendage entering the bloodstream and causing a stroke in those with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
Rationale
The left atrial appendage is a... | Left atrial appendage occlusion | [
"Biology"
] | 1,914 | [
"Medical devices",
"Medical technology"
] |
3,687,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariant%20classical%20field%20theory | In mathematical physics, covariant classical field theory represents classical fields by sections of fiber bundles, and their dynamics is phrased in the context of a finite-dimensional space of fields. Nowadays, it is well known that jet bundles and the variational bicomplex are the correct domain for such a descriptio... | Covariant classical field theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,477 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Lagrangian mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Equations",
"Differential equations",
"Topology",
"Differential topology",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
3,687,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence%20of%20direct%20radiation | Equivalence of direct radiation (EDR) is a standardized comparison method for estimating the output ability of space-heating radiators and convectors.
Measured in square feet, the reference standard for EDR is the mattress radiator invented by Stephen J. Gold in the mid 19th century.
One square foot of EDR is able to... | Equivalence of direct radiation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 202 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Radiation",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
3,687,954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauerbrey%20equation | The Sauerbrey equation was developed by the German Günter Sauerbrey in 1959, while working on his doctoral thesis at Technische Universität Berlin, Germany. It is a method for correlating changes in the oscillation frequency of a piezoelectric crystal with the mass deposited on it. He simultaneously developed a method ... | Sauerbrey equation | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 691 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Weighing instruments",
"Mass",
"Measuring instruments",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Matter"
] |
3,689,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ives%E2%80%93Stilwell%20experiment | In physics, the Ives–Stilwell experiment tested the contribution of relativistic time dilation to the Doppler shift of light. The result was in agreement with the formula for the transverse Doppler effect and was the first direct, quantitative confirmation of the time dilation factor. Since then many Ives–Stilwell type... | Ives–Stilwell experiment | [
"Physics"
] | 3,173 | [
"Doppler effects",
"Physical phenomena",
"Astrophysics"
] |
3,690,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic%20electron%20tomography | Cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) is an imaging technique used to reconstruct high-resolution (~1–4 nm) three-dimensional volumes of samples, often (but not limited to) biological macromolecules and cells. cryoET is a specialized application of transmission electron cryomicroscopy (CryoTEM) in which samples are im... | Cryogenic electron tomography | [
"Biology"
] | 1,570 | [
"Cell biology"
] |
3,690,366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat%20Display%20Mounting%20Interface | The Flat Display Mounting Interface (FDMI), also known as VESA Mounting Interface Standard (MIS) or colloquially as VESA mount, is a family of standards defined by the Video Electronics Standards Association for mounting flat panel monitors, televisions, and other displays to stands or wall mounts. It is implemented on... | Flat Display Mounting Interface | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,966 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Mechanical standards",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Display technology"
] |
24,133,903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gassnova | Gassnova SF is the Norwegian state enterprise for carbon capture and storage. Gassnova facilitates the development of technology and solutions to ensure cost-efficient and progressive solutions for capturing and storing .
State enterprise
Gassnova was established by the Norwegian authorities in 2005 to further the dev... | Gassnova | [
"Engineering"
] | 235 | [
"Geoengineering",
"Carbon capture and storage"
] |
25,528,150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Adenosylmethioninamine | S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a substrate that is required for the biosynthesis of polyamines including spermidine, spermine, and thermospermine. It is produced by decarboxylation of S-adenosyl methionine.
See also
Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AMD1)
Spermidine synthase
Spermine synthase
Thermospermine synthas... | S-Adenosylmethioninamine | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 119 | [
"Matter",
"Biochemistry",
"Organosulfur compounds",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Organic compounds",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Cations",
"Ions"
] |
25,528,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20Signalling | Cellular Signalling is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on various aspects of cell signalling.
Abstracting and indexing
Cellular Signalling is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2010 impact factor of 4.243.
References
External links
Molecular and ... | Cellular Signalling | [
"Chemistry"
] | 75 | [
"Molecular and cellular biology journals",
"Molecular biology"
] |
25,530,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20Materials%20Letters | Functional Materials Letters is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal published by World Scientific with articles relating to the synthesis, behavior, characterization and application of functional materials. These are materials designed to respond to changes in their environments. Topics covered include ferroele... | Functional Materials Letters | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 145 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science journal stubs",
"Materials science"
] |
25,531,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite%20Dimensional%20Analysis%2C%20Quantum%20Probability%20and%20Related%20Topics | Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1998 by World Scientific. It covers the development of infinite dimensional analysis, quantum probability, and their applications to classical probability and other areas of physics.
Ab... | Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics | [
"Mathematics"
] | 141 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis journals"
] |
25,532,030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20metamaterial | A nonlinear metamaterial is an artificially constructed material that can exhibit properties not yet found in nature. Its response to electromagnetic radiation can be characterized by its permittivity and material permeability. The product of the permittivity and permeability results in the refractive index. Unlike nat... | Nonlinear metamaterial | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,292 | [
"Metamaterials",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science"
] |
25,533,720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20effects%20of%20radon | The health effects of radon are harmful, and include an increased chance of lung cancer. Radon is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, which has been studied by a number of scientific and medical bodies for its effects on health. A naturally-occurring gas formed as a decay product of radium, radon i... | Health effects of radon | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 11,877 | [
"Radiation health effects",
"Toxicology",
"Building engineering",
"Environmental toxicology",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Soil contamination",
"Radiation effects",
"Building biology",
"Radioactivity"
] |
25,537,414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformation%E2%80%93activity%20relationship | In biochemistry, the conformation–activity relationship is the relationship between the biological activity and the chemical structure or conformational changes of a biomolecule. This terminology emphasizes the importance of dynamic conformational changes for the biological function, rather than the importance of stati... | Conformation–activity relationship | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 270 | [
"Biochemistry",
"nan",
"Medicinal chemistry"
] |
27,038,807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie%20Kershaw | Nellie Kershaw (c. 1891 – 14 March 1924) was an English textile worker from Rochdale, Lancashire. Her death due to pulmonary asbestosis was the first such case to be described in medical literature, and the first published account of disease attributed to occupational asbestos exposure. Before his publication of the ca... | Nellie Kershaw | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,400 | [
"Toxicology",
"Asbestos"
] |
27,041,945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Composite%20Materials%20%28journal%29 | Advanced Composite Materials is a bimonthly peer-review scientific journal that was established in 1991. It is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Japan Society for Composite Materials and the Korean Society for Composite Materials. The journal covers all scientific and technological aspects of composite mat... | Advanced Composite Materials (journal) | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 222 | [
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
27,046,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustock%20botnet | The Rustock botnet was a botnet that operated from around 2006 until March 2011.
It consisted of computers running Microsoft Windows, and was capable of sending up to 25,000 spam messages per hour from an infected PC. At the height of its activities, it sent an average of 192 spam messages per compromised machine per ... | Rustock botnet | [
"Engineering"
] | 665 | [
"Distributed computing projects",
"Information technology projects"
] |
27,046,554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORM%20%28symbolic%20manipulation%20system%29 | FORM is a symbolic manipulation system. It reads text files containing definitions of mathematical expressions as well as statements that tell it how to manipulate these expressions. Its original author is Jos Vermaseren of Nikhef, the Dutch institute for subatomic physics.
It is widely used in the theoretical particle... | FORM (symbolic manipulation system) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 473 | [
"Computer algebra systems",
"Mathematical software",
"Physics software",
"Computational physics"
] |
27,047,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20system%20design | Electrical system design is the design of electrical systems. This can be as simple as a flashlight cell connected through two wires to a light bulb or as involved as the Space Shuttle. Electrical systems are groups of electrical components connected to carry out some operation. Often the systems are combined with oth... | Electrical system design | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 621 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Electrical standards",
"Electrical systems",
"Building engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical wiring"
] |
2,728,035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resummation | In mathematics and theoretical physics, resummation is a procedure to obtain a finite result from a divergent sum (series) of functions. Resummation involves a definition of another (convergent) function in which the individual terms defining the original function are rescaled, and an integral transformation of this ne... | Resummation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 204 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Quantum field theory",
"Mathematical structures",
"Summability methods",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
2,728,068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous%20magnetic%20dipole%20moment | In quantum electrodynamics, the anomalous magnetic moment of a particle is a contribution of effects of quantum mechanics, expressed by Feynman diagrams with loops, to the magnetic moment of that particle. The magnetic moment, also called magnetic dipole moment, is a measure of the strength of a magnetic source.
The "... | Anomalous magnetic dipole moment | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 944 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Standard Model",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Magnetic moment",
"Particle physics",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
2,728,531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brace%20%28tool%29 | A brace is a hand tool used with a bit (drill bit or auger) to drill holes, usually in wood. Pressure is applied to the top while the handle is rotated. If the bit's lead and cutting spurs are both in good working order, the user should not have to apply any pressure other than for balance: the lead will pull the bit t... | Brace (tool) | [
"Physics"
] | 658 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical hand tools"
] |
2,728,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biginelli%20reaction | The Biginelli reaction is a multiple-component chemical reaction that creates 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones 4 from ethyl acetoacetate 1, an aryl aldehyde (such as benzaldehyde 2), and urea 3. It is named for the Italian chemist Pietro Biginelli.
This reaction was developed by Pietro Biginelli in 1891. The reaction c... | Biginelli reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 530 | [
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Condensation reactions",
"Ring forming reactions"
] |
2,728,973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20product%20of%20Hilbert%20spaces | In mathematics, and in particular functional analysis, the tensor product of Hilbert spaces is a way to extend the tensor product construction so that the result of taking a tensor product of two Hilbert spaces is another Hilbert space. Roughly speaking, the tensor product is the metric space completion of the ordinary... | Tensor product of Hilbert spaces | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,153 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Tensors",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Linear algebra",
"Hilbert spaces",
"Topological tensor products",
"Algebra"
] |
2,729,378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperconjugation | In organic chemistry, hyperconjugation (σ-conjugation or no-bond resonance) refers to the delocalization of electrons with the participation of bonds of primarily σ-character. Usually, hyperconjugation involves the interaction of the electrons in a sigma (σ) orbital (e.g. C–H or C–C) with an adjacent unpopulated non-b... | Hyperconjugation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,737 | [
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
2,729,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking%20drug | Neuromuscular-blocking drugs, or Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), block transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. This is accomplished via their action on the post-synaptic acetylcholine (Nm) receptors.
In clinical use, neuromuscular block is used adjunctivel... | Neuromuscular-blocking drug | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 9,249 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry"
] |
2,730,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowing-afterglow%20mass%20spectrometry | Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry (FA-MS), is an analytical chemistry technique for the sensitive detection of trace gases. Trace gas molecules are ionized by the production and flow of thermalized hydrated hydronium cluster ions in a plasma afterglow of helium or argon carrier gas along a flow tube following the int... | Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 792 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
2,730,667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20chain%20management | Integrated Chain Management (ICM), also known as Integral Chain Management, is an approach for the reduction of environmental impact of product chains. Such a product chain exists out of an extraction phase, a production phase, a use phase and a waste phase. The ultimate goal of ICM is a reduction of environmental load... | Integrated chain management | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 669 | [
"Industrial ecology",
"Industrial engineering",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
5,003,097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrazolium%20chloride | Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), or simply tetrazolium chloride (with the formula 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) is a redox indicator commonly used in biochemical experiments especially to indicate cellular respiration. It is a white crystalline powder, soluble in water, ethanol and acetone but insoluble... | Tetrazolium chloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 307 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Salts",
"Redox indicators",
"Electrochemistry"
] |
5,004,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MON-90 | The MON-90 () is a Claymore-shaped, plastic bodied, directional type of anti-personnel mine designed in the Soviet Union. It is designed to wound or kill by fragmentation. The mine is similar in appearance to the MON-50, but is approximately twice the size with a much greater depth.
Design
The MON-90 has an attachmen... | MON-90 | [
"Engineering"
] | 682 | [
"Area denial weapons",
"Military engineering"
] |
5,004,284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MON-100 | The MON-100 is a circular, sheet metal bodied, directional type of anti-personnel mine designed and manufactured in the early 1960s by the Soviet Union. It is designed to wound or kill by fragmentation and resembles a large bowl.
The mine is reported to be deployed in Angola, Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia.
Desi... | MON-100 | [
"Engineering"
] | 576 | [
"Area denial weapons",
"Military engineering"
] |
5,006,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf%20conjecture | In mathematics, Hopf conjecture may refer to one of several conjectural statements from differential geometry and topology attributed to Heinz Hopf.
Positively or negatively curved Riemannian manifolds
The Hopf conjecture is an open problem in global Riemannian geometry. It goes back to questions of Heinz Hopf from ... | Hopf conjecture | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,930 | [
"Geometry problems",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Unsolved problems in geometry",
"Conjectures",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
5,007,342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppenheim%20conjecture | In Diophantine approximation, a subfield of number theory, the Oppenheim conjecture concerns representations of numbers by real quadratic forms in several variables. It was formulated in 1929 by Alexander Oppenheim and later the conjectured property was further strengthened by Harold Davenport and Oppenheim. Initial re... | Oppenheim conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 790 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Diophantine approximation",
"Algebraic structures",
"Mathematical relations",
"Conjectures that have been proved",
"Mathematical problems",
"Quadratic forms",
"Approximations",
"Number theory"
] |
5,008,526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topicity | In stereochemistry, topicity is the stereochemical relationship between substituents and the structure to which they are attached. Depending on the relationship, such groups can be heterotopic, homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic.
Homotopic
Homotopic groups in a chemical compound are equivalent groups. Two grou... | Topicity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,751 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Spacetime"
] |
21,163,447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-covariance%20matrix | In probability theory and statistics, a cross-covariance matrix is a matrix whose element in the i, j position is the covariance between the i-th element of a random vector and j-th element of another random vector. A random vector is a random variable with multiple dimensions. Each element of the vector is a scalar ra... | Cross-covariance matrix | [
"Mathematics"
] | 481 | [
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Mathematical objects"
] |
21,165,177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple%20quadrupole%20mass%20spectrometer | A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS), is a tandem mass spectrometer consisting of two quadrupole mass analyzers in series, with a (non-mass-resolving) radio frequency (RF)–only quadrupole between them to act as a cell for collision-induced dissociation. This configuration is often abbreviated QqQ, here Q1q2Q3.
... | Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,559 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Tandem mass spectrometry",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
27,395,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated%20Imaging%20Association | Automated Imaging Association (AIA) is the world's largest machine vision trade group. AIA has more than 350 members from 32 countries, including system integrators, camera, lighting and other vision components manufacturers, vision software providers, OEMs and distributors. The association's headquarters is located in... | Automated Imaging Association | [
"Engineering"
] | 337 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Packaging machinery",
"Computer vision"
] |
27,396,845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heine%E2%80%93Stieltjes%20polynomials | In mathematics, the Heine–Stieltjes polynomials or Stieltjes polynomials, introduced by , are polynomial solutions of a second-order Fuchsian equation, a differential equation all of whose singularities are regular. The Fuchsian equation has the form
for some polynomial V(z) of degree at most N − 2, and if this has a... | Heine–Stieltjes polynomials | [
"Mathematics"
] | 140 | [
"Polynomials",
"Algebra"
] |
27,397,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RARAF | The Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF), located on the Columbia University Nevis Laboratories campus in Irvington, New York is a National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering biotechnology resource center (P41) specializing in microbeam technology.
The facility is currently built around a... | RARAF | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,779 | [
"Radiobiology",
"Radioactivity"
] |
27,397,618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20for%20Environmental%20Innovation%20in%20Roofing | The Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing is a nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., focused on "the intersection between roofing, energy, and environmental performance".
History
In February 2008, a group of industry leaders established the Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing, ... | Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 590 | [
"Structural system",
"Structural engineering",
"Roofs"
] |
27,399,546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicinal%20difunctionalization | Vicinal difunctionalization refers to a chemical reaction involving transformations at two adjacent centers (most commonly carbons). This transformation can be accomplished in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds via the conjugate addition of a nucleophile to the β-position followed by trapping of the resulting enolate w... | Vicinal difunctionalization | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,984 | [
"Organic reactions"
] |
27,399,582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaotic%20mixing | In chaos theory and fluid dynamics, chaotic mixing is a process
by which flow tracers develop into complex fractals under the action
of a fluid flow.
The flow is characterized by an exponential growth of fluid filaments.
Even very simple flows, such as the blinking vortex,
or finitely resolved wind fields can generate ... | Chaotic mixing | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 3,059 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Turbulence",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
27,400,362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res%20Jost | Res Jost (10 January 1918 – 3 October 1990) was a Swiss theoretical physicist, who worked mainly in constructive quantum field theory.
Biography
Res Jost was born on January 10, 1918, in Bern. He is the son of the physics teacher Wilhelm Jost and Hermine Spycher. In 1949 Jost married the Viennese physicist Hilde F... | Res Jost | [
"Physics"
] | 453 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theoretical physicists",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physicists"
] |
27,402,295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virial%20mass | In astrophysics, the virial mass is the mass of a gravitationally bound astrophysical system, assuming the virial theorem applies. In the context of galaxy formation and dark matter halos, the virial mass is defined as the mass enclosed within the virial radius of a gravitationally bound system, a radius within which ... | Virial mass | [
"Astronomy"
] | 989 | [
"Extragalactic astronomy",
"Galactic astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Stellar astronomy"
] |
27,403,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Electroceramics | The Journal of Electroceramics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1997. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. The editor-in-chief is Harry L. Tuller.
This journal covers research on electrical, optical, and magnetic ceramics... | Journal of Electroceramics | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 176 | [
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
27,408,508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20process | In quantum mechanics, a quantum process is a somewhat ambiguous term which usually refers to the time evolution of an (open) quantum system. Under very general assumptions, a quantum process is described by the quantum operation formalism (also known as a quantum dynamical map), which is a linear, trace-preserving, an... | Quantum process | [
"Physics"
] | 135 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
145,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralizer%20and%20normalizer | In mathematics, especially group theory, the centralizer (also called commutant) of a subset S in a group G is the set of elements of G that commute with every element of S, or equivalently, the set of elements such that conjugation by leaves each element of S fixed. The normalizer of S in G is the set of elements ... | Centralizer and normalizer | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,946 | [
"Algebra",
"Ring theory",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Abstract algebra"
] |
146,103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20system | In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonli... | Nonlinear system | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,306 | [
"Nonlinear systems",
"Mechanics",
"nan",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
146,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overburden%20pressure | Pressure is force magnitude applied over an area. Overburden pressure is a geology term that denotes the pressure caused by the weight of the overlying layers of material at a specific depth under the earth's surface. Overburden pressure is also called lithostatic pressure, or vertical stress.
In a stratigraphic layer... | Overburden pressure | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 259 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Soil mechanics",
"Civil engineering",
"Civil engineering stubs",
"Geophysics"
] |
146,384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defibrillation | Defibrillation is a treatment for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, specifically ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) and non-perfusing ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach). A defibrillator delivers a dose of electric current (often called a counter-shock) to the heart. Although not fully understood, this process depolariz... | Defibrillation | [
"Biology"
] | 6,032 | [
"Medical devices",
"Medical technology"
] |
146,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal%20intubation | Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs. It is frequently performed in critically injured, ill, or anesthetized patients to facilit... | Tracheal intubation | [
"Biology"
] | 11,143 | [
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
147,203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene%20glycol | {{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477163023
| Name =
| ImageFile = PEG Structural Formula V1.svg
| ImageFile2 = Polyethylene glycol 400.jpg
| ImageName2 = Polyethylene glycol 400
| IUPACName = poly(oxyethylene) {structure-based}, poly(ethylen... | Polyethylene glycol | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 3,909 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Materials",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Polymers",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
147,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20relativistic%20equations | Following is a list of the frequently occurring equations in the theory of special relativity.
Postulates of Special Relativity
To derive the equations of special relativity, one must start with two other
The laws of physics are invariant under transformations between inertial frames. In other words, the laws of ... | List of relativistic equations | [
"Physics"
] | 2,708 | [
"Special relativity",
"Equations of physics",
"Theory of relativity",
"Lists of physics equations"
] |
147,460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20variables%20and%20bound%20variables | In mathematics, and in other disciplines involving formal languages, including mathematical logic and computer science, a variable may be said to be either free or bound. Some older books use the terms real variable and apparent variable for free variable and bound variable, respectively. A free variable is a notation ... | Free variables and bound variables | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,322 | [
"Predicate logic",
"Mathematical logic",
"Symbols",
"Computer programming",
"Mathematical symbols",
"Logic symbols",
"Software engineering",
"Basic concepts in set theory",
"nan",
"Computers"
] |
147,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV%20vaccine%20development | An HIV vaccine is a potential vaccine that could be either a preventive vaccine or a therapeutic vaccine, which means it would either protect individuals from being infected with HIV or treat HIV-infected individuals. It is thought that an HIV vaccine could either induce an immune response against HIV (active vaccinati... | HIV vaccine development | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,718 | [
"HIV vaccine research",
"Drug discovery"
] |
147,487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strobilurin | Strobilurins are a group of natural products and their synthetic analogs. A number of strobilurins are used in agriculture as fungicides. They are part of the larger group of QIs (Quinone outside Inhibitors), which act to inhibit the respiratory chain at the level of Complex III.
The first parent natural products, str... | Strobilurin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 955 | [
"Respiratory toxins",
"Cellular respiration",
"Biocides",
"Fungicides"
] |
147,536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20oxide | Calcium oxide (formula: CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term lime connotes calcium-containing inorganic compounds, in which carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of calcium, silico... | Calcium oxide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,090 | [
"Alchemical substances",
"Oxides",
"Salts",
"Desiccants",
"Materials",
"Reagents for organic chemistry",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Dehydrating agents",
"Matter"
] |
147,561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune%20response | An immune response is a physiological reaction which occurs within an organism in the context of inflammation for the purpose of defending against exogenous factors. These include a wide variety of different toxins, viruses, intra- and extracellular bacteria, protozoa, helminths, and fungi which could cause serious pro... | Immune response | [
"Biology"
] | 2,050 | [
"Organ systems",
"Immunology",
"Immune system"
] |
147,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic%20storm | A geomagnetic storm, also known as a magnetic storm, is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by a solar wind shock wave.
The disturbance that drives the magnetic storm may be a solar coronal mass ejection (CME) or (much less severely) a corotating interaction region (CIR), a high-speed stream of... | Geomagnetic storm | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 5,147 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Weather",
"Astronomical events",
"Natural disasters",
"Solar phenomena",
"Astronomical events of the Solar System",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Solar System"
] |
870,857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glow%20discharge | A glow discharge is a plasma formed by the passage of electric current through a gas. It is often created by applying a voltage between two electrodes in a glass tube containing a low-pressure gas. When the voltage exceeds a value called the striking voltage, the gas ionization becomes self-sustaining, and the tube glo... | Glow discharge | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,282 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrical discharge in gases",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Ion source",
"Mass spectrometry",
"nan",
"Ions",
"Matter"
] |
871,418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous%20protein | In molecular biology, fibrous proteins or scleroproteins are one of the three main classifications of protein structure (alongside globular and membrane proteins). Fibrous proteins are made up of elongated or fibrous polypeptide chains which form filamentous and sheet-like structures. This kind of protein can be distin... | Fibrous protein | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 382 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biochemistry",
"Protein stubs",
"Molecular biology"
] |
871,687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20spinor | Killing spinor is a term used in mathematics and physics.
Definition
By the more narrow definition, commonly used in mathematics, the term Killing spinor indicates those twistor
spinors which are also eigenspinors of the Dirac operator. The term is named after Wilhelm Killing.
Another equivalent definition is that K... | Killing spinor | [
"Physics"
] | 365 | [
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
872,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superselection | In quantum mechanics, superselection extends the concept of selection rules.
Superselection rules are postulated rules forbidding the preparation of quantum states that exhibit coherence between eigenstates of certain observables.
It was originally introduced by Gian Carlo Wick, Arthur Wightman, and Eugene Wigner to i... | Superselection | [
"Physics"
] | 2,751 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
872,416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20electrochemistry | The scientific school of Quantum electrochemistry began to form in the 1960s under Revaz Dogonadze. Generally speaking, the field comprises the notions arising in electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, and electrochemistry; and so is studied by a very large array of different professional researchers. The fields they resi... | Quantum electrochemistry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,165 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Electrochemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
873,307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression%20lift | In aerodynamics, compression lift refers to the increased pressure under an aircraft that uses shock waves generated by its own supersonic flight to generate lift. This can lead to dramatic improvements in lift for supersonic/hypersonic aircraft. Clarence Syvertson and Alfred J. Eggers discovered this phenomenon in 195... | Compression lift | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 296 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
873,892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20Hydraulic%20Power%20Company | The London Hydraulic Power Company was established in 1883 to install a hydraulic power network in London. This expanded to cover most of central London at its peak, before being replaced by electricity, with the final pump house closing in 1977.
History
The company was set up by an Act of Parliament (the London Hydr... | London Hydraulic Power Company | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 700 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
874,095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIKINI%20state | The Bikini state was an alert state indicator previously used by the UK Ministry of Defence to warn of non-specific forms of threat, including civil disorder, terrorism or war. Signs giving the current alert state were displayed at the entrance to government buildings and military installations. It was established on ... | BIKINI state | [
"Technology"
] | 428 | [
"Warning systems",
"Alert measurement systems"
] |
8,546,071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent%20internal%20energy | The latent internal energy of a system is the internal energy a system requires to undergo a phase transition. Its value is specific to the substance or mix of substances in question. The value can also vary with temperature and pressure. Generally speaking the value is different for the type of phase change being acco... | Latent internal energy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 213 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Matter"
] |
8,546,244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet%20scrubber | The term wet scrubber describes a variety of devices that remove pollutants from a furnace flue gas or from other gas streams. In a wet scrubber, the polluted gas stream is brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid, by spraying it with the liquid, by forcing it through a pool of liquid, or by some other contact m... | Wet scrubber | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 3,837 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Scrubbers",
"Pollution control technologies",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
8,547,821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NA48%20experiment | The NA48 experiment was a series of particle physics experiments in the field of kaon physics being carried out at the North Area of the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN. The collaboration involved over 100 physicists mostly from Western Europe and Russia.
The construction of the NA48 experimental setup took place ear... | NA48 experiment | [
"Physics"
] | 350 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle physics"
] |
8,548,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icodextrin | Icodextrin (INN, USAN) is a colloid osmotic agent, derived from maltodextrin, used in form of an aqueous solution for peritoneal dialysis under the trade name Extraneal, and after gynecological laparoscopic surgery for the reduction of post-surgical adhesions (fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs) under t... | Icodextrin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 601 | [
"Carbohydrates",
"Polysaccharides"
] |
8,549,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20pulse%20welding | Magnetic pulse welding (MPW) is a solid state welding process that uses magnetic forces to weld two workpieces together. The welding mechanism is most similar to that of explosion welding.
Magnetic pulse welding started in the early 1970s, when the automotive industry began to use solid state welding.
The primary adva... | Magnetic pulse welding | [
"Engineering"
] | 872 | [
"Welding",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
8,549,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golomb%20sequence | In mathematics, the Golomb sequence, named after Solomon W. Golomb (but also called Silverman's sequence), is a monotonically increasing integer sequence where an is the number of times that n occurs in the sequence, starting with a1 = 1, and with the property that for n > 1 each an is the smallest positive integer whi... | Golomb sequence | [
"Mathematics"
] | 355 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Integer sequences",
"Mathematical structures",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Golden ratio",
"Combinatorics",
"Numbers",
"Number theory"
] |
24,140,483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Wagner%E2%80%93Sillars%20polarization | In dielectric spectroscopy, large frequency dependent contributions to the dielectric response, especially at low frequencies, may come from build-ups of charge. This Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars polarization (or often just Maxwell-Wagner polarization), occurs either at inner dielectric boundary layers on a mesoscopic scale,... | Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars polarization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 412 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
24,141,162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristimulus%20colorimeter | A tristimulus colorimeter, colloquially shortened to colorimeter or colourimeter, is used in digital imaging to profile and calibrate output devices.
It takes a limited number of wideband spectral energy readings along the visible spectrum by using filtered photodetectors; e.g. silicon photodiodes.
A colorimeter with ... | Tristimulus colorimeter | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 331 | [
"Spectrometers",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
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