id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
516,386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence%20spectroscopy | Fluorescence spectroscopy (also known as fluorimetry or spectrofluorometry) is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample. It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light; typica... | Fluorescence spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,085 | [
"Luminescence",
"Fluorescence",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
516,414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromator | A monochromator is an optical device that transmits a mechanically selectable narrow band of wavelengths of light or other radiation chosen from a wider range of wavelengths available at the input. The name is .
Uses
A device that can produce monochromatic light has many uses in science and in optics because many opt... | Monochromator | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,426 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Optical devices",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
516,680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excited%20state | In quantum mechanics, an excited state of a system (such as an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state (that is, more energy than the absolute minimum). Excitation refers to an increase in energy level above a chosen starting point, usually the ground... | Excited state | [
"Physics"
] | 827 | [
"Quantum states",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
516,756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20conversion | Internal conversion is an atomic decay process where an excited nucleus interacts electromagnetically with one of the orbital electrons of an atom. This causes the electron to be emitted (ejected) from the atom. Thus, in internal conversion (often abbreviated IC), a high-energy electron is emitted from the excited atom... | Internal conversion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,908 | [
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
516,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersystem%20crossing | Intersystem crossing (ISC) is an isoenergetic radiationless process involving a transition between the two electronic states with different spin multiplicity.
Excited singlet and triplet states
When an electron in a molecule with a singlet ground state is excited (via absorption of radiation) to a higher energy level,... | Intersystem crossing | [
"Physics"
] | 1,702 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Symmetry",
"Rotational symmetry"
] |
517,241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20pipe | A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that employs phase transition to transfer heat between two solid interfaces.
At the hot interface of a heat pipe, a volatile liquid in contact with a thermally conductive solid surface turns into a vapor by absorbing heat from that surface. The vapor then travels along the heat pi... | Heat pipe | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 7,831 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Thermodynamics",
"Heat conduction"
] |
518,513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogenesis | Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in organisms. It occurs in all warm-blooded animals, and also in a few species of thermogenic plants such as the Eastern skunk cabbage, the Voodoo lily (Sauromatum venosum), and the giant water lilies of the genus Victoria. The lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobiu... | Thermogenesis | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,596 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Physiology",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
518,740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soot | Soot ( ) is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Soot is considered a hazardous substance with carcinogenic properties. Most broadly, the term includes all the particulate matter produced by this process, including black carbon and residual pyrolysed fuel particles... | Soot | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,315 | [
"Allotropes of carbon",
"Allotropes"
] |
8,521,549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft-collinear%20effective%20theory | In quantum field theory, soft-collinear effective theory (or SCET) is a theoretical framework for doing calculations that involve interacting particles carrying widely different energies.
The motivation for developing SCET was to control the infrared divergences that occur in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations ... | Soft-collinear effective theory | [
"Physics"
] | 318 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle physics"
] |
27,380,463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity%20%28control%20systems%29 | In control engineering, the sensitivity (or more precisely, the sensitivity function) of a control system measures how variations in the plant parameters affects the closed-loop transfer function. Since the controller parameters are typically matched to the process characteristics and the process may change, it is impo... | Sensitivity (control systems) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 489 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
27,381,708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic%20boundary%20layer | The benthic boundary layer (BBL) is the layer of water directly above the sediment at the bottom of a body of water (river, lake, or sea, etc.). Through specific sedimentation processes, certain organisms are able to live in this deep layer of water. The BBL is generated by the friction of the water moving over the sur... | Benthic boundary layer | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,550 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
27,382,300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20cycle%20analysis | Cell cycle analysis by DNA content measurement is a method that most frequently employs flow cytometry to distinguish cells in different phases of the cell cycle. Before analysis, the cells are usually permeabilised and treated with a fluorescent dye that stains DNA quantitatively, such as propidium iodide (PI) or 4,6-... | Cell cycle analysis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,437 | [
"Cell biology",
"Cellular processes",
"Flow cytometry",
"nan",
"Cell cycle"
] |
27,386,075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCutcheon%20index | The McCutcheon index or chemotactic ratio is a numerical metric that quantifies the efficiency of movement. It is calculated as the ratio of the net displacement of a moving entity to the total length of the path it has traveled.
The index acts as an evaluative measure of the directness of movement. A value close to... | McCutcheon index | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 166 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biophysics"
] |
27,386,117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20Materials%20Science%20%28journal%29 | Computational Materials Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. It was established in October 1992. The editor-in-chief is Susan Sinnott. The journal covers computational modeling and practical research for advanced materials and their applications.
Abstracting and indexing
The jou... | Computational Materials Science (journal) | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 105 | [
"Computational fields of study",
"Computing and society",
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
27,386,754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleosalinity | Paleosalinity (or palaeosalinity) is the salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history.
Importance
From Bjerrum plots, it is found that a decrease in the salinity of an aqueous fluid will act to increase the value of the carbon dioxide-carbonate system equilibrium constants, (pK*)... | Paleosalinity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,043 | [
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Oceanography",
"Chemical oceanography",
"Ecosystems",
"Aquatic ecology"
] |
27,387,883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile%20anion | Nitrile anions is jargon from the organic product resulting from the deprotonation of alkylnitriles. The proton(s) α to the nitrile group are sufficiently acidic that they undergo deprotonation by strong bases, usually lithium-derived. The products are not anions but covalent organolithium complexes. Regardless, the... | Nitrile anion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,116 | [
"Matter",
"Anions",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Reactive intermediates",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Nitriles",
"Ions"
] |
6,553,929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airlift%20pump | An airlift pump is a pump that has low suction and moderate discharge of liquid and entrained solids. The pump injects compressed air at the bottom of the discharge pipe which is immersed in the liquid. The compressed air mixes with the liquid causing the air-water mixture to be less dense than the rest of the liquid a... | Airlift pump | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 920 | [
"Pumps",
"Turbomachinery",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
3,676,886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear-motion%20bearing | A linear-motion bearing or linear slide is a bearing designed to provide free motion in one direction. There are many different types of linear motion bearings.
Motorized linear slides such as machine slides, X-Y tables, roller tables and some dovetail slides are bearings moved by drive mechanisms. Not all linear slid... | Linear-motion bearing | [
"Physics"
] | 2,035 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Motion (physics)",
"Linear motion"
] |
3,677,421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonic%20wind%20tunnel | A hypersonic wind tunnel is designed to generate a hypersonic flow field in the working section, thus simulating the typical flow features of this flow regime - including compression shocks and pronounced boundary layer effects, entropy layer and viscous interaction zones and most importantly high total temperatures of... | Hypersonic wind tunnel | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,055 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
3,678,005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant%20Messaging%20and%20Presence%20Protocol | Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol (IMPP) was an IETF working group created for the purpose of developing an architecture for simple instant messaging and presence awareness/notification. It was created on and concluded on .
Documents
See also
Presence and Instant Messaging (PRIM)
SIP for Instant Messaging and ... | Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol | [
"Technology"
] | 95 | [
"Instant messaging",
"Instant messaging protocols"
] |
3,680,074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procrustes%20analysis | In statistics, Procrustes analysis is a form of statistical shape analysis used to analyse the distribution of a set of shapes. The name Procrustes () refers to a bandit from Greek mythology who made his victims fit his bed either by stretching their limbs or cutting them off.
In mathematics:
an orthogonal Procrustes... | Procrustes analysis | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,888 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Euclidean symmetries",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Symmetry"
] |
3,682,580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid%20preparation | A plasmid preparation is a method of DNA extraction and purification for plasmid DNA. It is an important step in many molecular biology experiments and is essential for the successful use of plasmids in research and biotechnology. Many methods have been developed to purify plasmid DNA from bacteria. During the purifica... | Plasmid preparation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,899 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genetic engineering",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
3,683,672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicon%20%28physics%29 | In electromagnetism, a helicon is a low-frequency electromagnetic wave that can exist in bounded plasmas in the presence of a magnetic field. The first helicons observed were atmospheric whistlers, but they also exist in solid conductors or any other electromagnetic plasma. The electric field in the waves is dominated ... | Helicon (physics) | [
"Physics"
] | 738 | [
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Physical phenomena",
"Radiation"
] |
3,684,088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color%20superconductivity | Color superconductivity is a phenomenon where matter carries color charge without loss, analogous to the way conventional superconductors can carry electric charge without loss. Color superconductivity is predicted to occur in quark matter if the baryon density is sufficiently high (i.e., well above the density and ene... | Color superconductivity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,406 | [
"Quark matter",
"Phases of matter",
"Astrophysics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Matter"
] |
867,671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importance%20sampling | Importance sampling is a Monte Carlo method for evaluating properties of a particular distribution, while only having samples generated from a different distribution than the distribution of interest. Its introduction in statistics is generally attributed to a paper by Teun Kloek and Herman K. van Dijk in 1978, but its... | Importance sampling | [
"Physics"
] | 2,465 | [
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Computational physics"
] |
867,975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolipile | An aeolipile, aeolipyle, or eolipile, from the Greek "Αἰόλου πύλη," , also known as a Hero's (or Heron's) engine, is a simple, bladeless radial steam turbine which spins when the central water container is heated. Torque is produced by steam jets exiting the turbine. The Greek-Egyptian mathematician and engineer Hero o... | Aeolipile | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,037 | [
"Industrial design",
"Design engineering",
"Engines",
"Rocket engines",
"History of thermodynamics",
"Science and technology studies",
"Thermodynamics",
"History of technology",
"Design",
"History of science and technology"
] |
868,108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomaterials | Nanomaterials describe, in principle, chemical substances or materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and ... | Nanomaterials | [
"Materials_science"
] | 9,874 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanomaterials"
] |
868,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiperiodic%20tiling | A quasiperiodic tiling is a tiling of the plane that exhibits local periodicity under some transformations: every finite subset of its tiles reappears infinitely often throughout the tiling, but there is no nontrivial way of superimposing the whole tiling onto itself so that all tiles overlap perfectly.
See also
Ape... | Quasiperiodic tiling | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 97 | [
"Tessellation",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
868,790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysiogenaceae | Chrysiogenaceae is a family of bacteria.
Phylogeny
The phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 and 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214.
See also
List of bacterial orders
List of bacteria genera
References
Bacteria families
Chrysiogenota | Chrysiogenaceae | [
"Biology"
] | 68 | [
"Bacteria stubs",
"Bacteria"
] |
868,936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris%20Gun | The Paris Gun () was a type of German long-range siege gun, several of which were used to bombard Paris during World War I. They were in service from March to August 1918. When the guns were first employed, Parisians believed they had been bombed by a high-altitude Zeppelin, as the sound of neither an airplane nor a gu... | Paris Gun | [
"Physics"
] | 2,694 | [
"Lost objects",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
869,238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metmyoglobin | Metmyoglobin is the oxidized form of the oxygen-carrying hemeprotein myoglobin.
Metmyoglobin is the cause of the characteristic brown colouration of meat that occurs as it ages.
In living muscle, the concentration of metmyoglobin is vanishingly small, due to the presence of the enzyme metmyoglobin reductase, which, i... | Metmyoglobin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 388 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
869,267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methemoglobin | Methemoglobin (British: methaemoglobin, shortened MetHb) (pronounced "met-hemoglobin") is a hemoglobin in the form of metalloprotein, in which the iron in the heme group is in the Fe3+ (ferric) state, not the Fe2+ (ferrous) of normal hemoglobin. Sometimes, it is also referred to as ferrihemoglobin. Methemoglobin cannot... | Methemoglobin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,250 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Cellular respiration",
"Metabolism"
] |
869,444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser-induced%20fluorescence | Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) or laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF) is a spectroscopic method in which an atom or molecule is excited to a higher energy level by the absorption of laser light followed by spontaneous emission of light. It was first reported by Zare and coworkers in 1968.
LIF is used for studying st... | Laser-induced fluorescence | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 543 | [
"Luminescence",
"Fluorescence",
"Plasma physics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Plasma diagnostics"
] |
869,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical%20quantization | In physics, canonical quantization is a procedure for quantizing a classical theory, while attempting to preserve the formal structure, such as symmetries, of the classical theory to the greatest extent possible.
Historically, this was not quite Werner Heisenberg's route to obtaining quantum mechanics, but Paul Dirac ... | Canonical quantization | [
"Physics"
] | 4,266 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Mathematical quantization",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
869,825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20flow | Optical flow or optic flow is the pattern of apparent motion of objects, surfaces, and edges in a visual scene caused by the relative motion between an observer and a scene. Optical flow can also be defined as the distribution of apparent velocities of movement of brightness pattern in an image.
The concept of optical... | Optical flow | [
"Physics"
] | 1,947 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Motion (physics)",
"Motion in computer vision"
] |
869,832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive%20particle | The physics technical term massive particle refers to a massful particle which has real non-zero rest mass (such as baryonic matter), the counter-part to the term massless particle. According to special relativity, the velocity of a massive particle is always less than the speed of light. When highlighting relativistic... | Massive particle | [
"Physics"
] | 135 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle physics"
] |
870,261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation%20light%20signals | In the case of a radio failure or aircraft not equipped with a radio, or in the case of a deaf pilot, air traffic control may use a signal lamp (called a "signal light gun" or "light gun" by the FAA) to direct the aircraft. ICAO regulations require air traffic control towers to possess such signal lamps. The signal lam... | Aviation light signals | [
"Engineering"
] | 241 | [
"Optical communications",
"Airport infrastructure",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
20,041,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezin%20integral | In mathematical physics, the Berezin integral, named after Felix Berezin, (also known as Grassmann integral, after Hermann Grassmann), is a way to define integration for functions of Grassmann variables (elements of the exterior algebra). It is not an integral in the Lebesgue sense; the word "integral" is used because ... | Berezin integral | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 986 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Tensors",
"Calculus",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Differential forms",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Integral calculus",
"Mathematical physics",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
20,042,003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-sensitive%20dye | Voltage-sensitive dyes, also known as potentiometric dyes, are dyes which change their spectral properties in response to voltage changes. They are able to provide linear measurements of firing activity of single neurons, large neuronal populations or activity of myocytes. Many physiological processes are accompanied b... | Voltage-sensitive dye | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,571 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Neuroscience",
"Cell biology",
"Chemical tests",
"Cell culture reagents",
"Biochemistry detection methods",
"Reagents for biochemistry"
] |
20,046,529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20meson%20dominance | In physics, vector meson dominance (VMD) was a model developed by J. J. Sakurai in the 1960s before the introduction of quantum chromodynamics to describe interactions between energetic photons and hadronic matter.
In particular, the hadronic components of the physical photon consist of the lightest vector mesons, , ... | Vector meson dominance | [
"Physics"
] | 738 | [
"Nuclear physics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Particle physics",
"Obsolete theories in physics"
] |
20,047,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalman%20decomposition | In control theory, a Kalman decomposition provides a mathematical means to convert a representation of any linear time-invariant (LTI) control system to a form in which the system can be decomposed into a standard form which makes clear the observable and controllable components of the system. This decomposition result... | Kalman decomposition | [
"Mathematics"
] | 425 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,335,495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda%20point | The lambda point is the temperature at which normal fluid helium (helium I) makes the transition to superfluid state (helium II). At pressure of 1 atmosphere, the transition occurs at approximately 2.17 K. The lowest pressure at which He-I and He-II can coexist is the vapor−He-I−He-II triple point at and , which is th... | Lambda point | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 443 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Threshold temperatures",
"Superfluidity",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Matter",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,335,974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum%20arc | A vacuum arc can arise when the surfaces of metal electrodes in contact with a good vacuum begin to emit electrons either through heating (thermionic emission) or in an electric field that is sufficient to cause field electron emission. Once initiated, a vacuum arc can persist, since the freed particles gain kinetic e... | Vacuum arc | [
"Physics"
] | 289 | [
"Electric arcs",
"Physical phenomena",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Plasma physics stubs"
] |
1,335,984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrimer | Dendrimers are highly ordered, branched polymeric molecules. Synonymous terms for dendrimer include arborols and cascade molecules. Typically, dendrimers are symmetric about the core, and often adopt a spherical three-dimensional morphology. The word dendron is also encountered frequently. A dendron usually contains a ... | Dendrimer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 5,291 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Dendrimers",
"nan",
"Supramolecular chemistry"
] |
1,336,603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20pharmacology | Clinical pharmacology is "that discipline that teaches, does research, frames policy, gives information and advice about the actions and proper uses of medicines in humans and implements that knowledge in clinical practice". Clinical pharmacology is inherently a translational discipline underpinned by the basic science... | Clinical pharmacology | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,252 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Clinical pharmacology"
] |
1,336,900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20displacement | In tectonics, vertical displacement refers to the shifting of land in a vertical direction, resulting in uplift and subsidence. The displacement of rock layers can provide information on how and why Earth's lithosphere changes throughout geologic time. There are different mechanisms which lead to vertical displacement ... | Vertical displacement | [
"Physics"
] | 612 | [
"Vertical position",
"Physical quantities",
"Distance"
] |
1,337,282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20property | In topology and related areas of mathematics, a topological property or topological invariant is a property of a topological space that is invariant under homeomorphisms. Alternatively, a topological property is a proper class of topological spaces which is closed under homeomorphisms. That is, a property of spaces is ... | Topological property | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,785 | [
"Properties of topological spaces",
"Homeomorphisms",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology"
] |
1,337,370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross%20section%20%28geometry%29 | In geometry and science, a cross section is the non-empty intersection of a solid body in three-dimensional space with a plane, or the analog in higher-dimensional spaces. Cutting an object into slices creates many parallel cross-sections. The boundary of a cross-section in three-dimensional space that is parallel to t... | Cross section (geometry) | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,842 | [
"Design engineering",
"Mathematical objects",
"Infinity",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Elementary geometry",
"Civil engineering",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Technical drawing"
] |
1,337,562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLATO%20%28computational%20chemistry%29 | PLATO (Package for Linear-combination of ATomic Orbitals) is a suite of programs for electronic structure calculations. It receives its name from the choice of basis set (numeric atomic orbitals) used to expand the electronic wavefunctions.
PLATO is a code, written in C, for the efficient modelling of materials. It is... | PLATO (computational chemistry) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 321 | [
"Computational chemistry",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software"
] |
1,338,601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20industry | The water industry provides drinking water and wastewater services (including sewage treatment) to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the economy. Typically public utilities operate water supply networks. The water industry does not include manufacturers and suppliers of bottled water, which is part of ... | Water industry | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 852 | [
"Hydrology",
"Water pollution",
"Sewerage",
"Water industry",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
1,338,683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corecursion | In computer science, corecursion is a type of operation that is dual to recursion. Whereas recursion works analytically, starting on data further from a base case and breaking it down into smaller data and repeating until one reaches a base case, corecursion works synthetically, starting from a base case and building i... | Corecursion | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,136 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Recursion",
"Theoretical computer science",
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
1,339,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopping%20power | Stopping power is the ability of a weapon – typically a ranged weapon such as a firearm – to cause a target (human or animal) to be incapacitated or immobilized. Stopping power contrasts with lethality in that it pertains only to a weapon's ability to make the target cease action, regardless of whether or not death ul... | Stopping power | [
"Physics"
] | 6,265 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Ballistics"
] |
22,629,003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontier%20molecular%20orbital%20theory | In chemistry, frontier molecular orbital theory is an application of molecular orbital theory describing HOMO–LUMO interactions.
History
In 1952, Kenichi Fukui published a paper in the Journal of Chemical Physics titled "A molecular theory of reactivity in aromatic hydrocarbons." Though widely criticized at the time,... | Frontier molecular orbital theory | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,836 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
22,630,866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostka%20polynomial | In mathematics, Kostka polynomials, named after the mathematician Carl Kostka, are families of polynomials that generalize the Kostka numbers. They are studied primarily in algebraic combinatorics and representation theory.
The two-variable Kostka polynomials Kλμ(q, t) are known by several names including Kostka–Foul... | Kostka polynomial | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 361 | [
"Algebra",
"Symmetric functions",
"Symmetry"
] |
22,631,535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20software%20for%20nuclear%20engineering | With the decreased cost and increased capabilities of computers, Nuclear Engineering has implemented computer software (Computer code to Mathematical model) into all facets of this field. There are a wide variety of fields associated with nuclear engineering, but computers and associated software are used most often in... | List of software for nuclear engineering | [
"Physics"
] | 786 | [
"Nuclear technology",
"Physics software",
"Nuclear physics",
"Computational physics"
] |
22,631,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20Reactor%20Experiment | The Sodium Reactor Experiment was a pioneering nuclear power plant built by Atomics International at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory near Simi Valley, California. The reactor operated from 1957 to 1964. On July 12, 1957 the Sodium Reactor Experiment became the first nuclear reactor in California to produce electrical... | Sodium Reactor Experiment | [
"Technology"
] | 5,106 | [
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Civilian nuclear power accidents"
] |
18,865,642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry%20algebra | In theoretical physics, a supersymmetry algebra (or SUSY algebra) is a mathematical formalism for describing the relation between bosons and fermions. The supersymmetry algebra contains not only the Poincaré algebra and a compact subalgebra of internal symmetries, but also contains some fermionic supercharges, transfor... | Supersymmetry algebra | [
"Physics"
] | 998 | [
"Symmetry",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Supersymmetry"
] |
18,869,034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20lab%20automation | Virtual Lab Automation refers to a category of software solutions to automate IT labs using virtualization technology.
History
Virtualization | Virtual lab automation | [
"Engineering"
] | 25 | [
"Computer networks engineering",
"Virtualization"
] |
18,869,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayles | Kayles is a simple impartial game in combinatorial game theory, invented by Henry Dudeney in 1908. Given a row of imagined bowling pins, players take turns to knock out either one pin, or two adjacent pins, until all the pins are gone. Using the notation of octal games, Kayles is denoted 0.77.
Rules
Kayles is played ... | Kayles | [
"Mathematics"
] | 794 | [
"Mathematical games",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Combinatorics",
"Game theory",
"Combinatorial game theory"
] |
18,870,628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianotti%E2%80%93Crosti%20syndrome | Gianotti–Crosti syndrome (), also known as infantile papular acrodermatitis, papular acrodermatitis of childhood, and papulovesicular acrolocated syndrome, is a reaction of the skin to a viral infection. Hepatitis B virus and Epstein–Barr virus are the most frequently reported pathogens. Other viruses implicated are h... | Gianotti–Crosti syndrome | [
"Biology"
] | 787 | [
"Microorganisms",
"Syndromes caused by microbes"
] |
27,024,156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%20tetrakis%28pentafluorophenyl%29borate | Lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate is the lithium salt of the weakly coordinating anion (B(C6F5)4)−. Because of its weakly coordinating abilities, lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate makes it commercially valuable in the salt form in the catalyst composition for olefin polymerization reactions and in ele... | Lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 611 | [
"Catalysis",
"Catalysts",
"Lithium salts",
"Salts",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
25,519,739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGPIE | MAGPIE (Mega Ampere Generator for Plasma Implosion Experiments) is a pulsed power generator based at Imperial College London, United Kingdom. The generator was originally designed to produce a current pulse with a maximum of 1.8 million amperes in 240 nanoseconds (150 nanoseconds rise time). At present the machine is o... | MAGPIE | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 340 | [
"Electrical generators",
"Machines",
"Plasma physics",
"Physical systems",
"Plasma physics facilities"
] |
25,520,575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylomannan | Xylomannan is an antifreeze molecule, found in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides. Unlike antifreeze proteins, xylomannan is not a protein. Instead, it is a combination of a sugar (saccharide) and a fatty acid that is found in cell membranes. As such is expected to work in a different manner than AF... | Xylomannan | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 259 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Cryobiology"
] |
25,523,630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon%20File | The Jargon File is a glossary and usage dictionary of slang used by computer programmers. The original Jargon File was a collection of terms from technical cultures such as the MIT AI Lab, the Stanford AI Lab (SAIL) and others of the old ARPANET AI/LISP/PDP-10 communities, including Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN), Carn... | Jargon File | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,837 | [
"Computing terminology",
"Software engineering folklore",
"Computer jargon",
"Software engineering",
"Works about computing",
"Computer books",
"Natural language and computing"
] |
25,525,656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20KZ%20equations | In mathematical physics, the quantum KZ equations or quantum Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations or qKZ equations are the analogue for quantum affine algebras of the Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations for affine Kac–Moody algebras. They are a consistent system of difference equations satisfied by the N-point functions, the ... | Quantum KZ equations | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 191 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Equations",
"Mathematical physics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
2,719,708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidgeon%20process | The Pidgeon process is a practical method for smelting magnesium. The most common method involves the raw material, dolomite being fed into an externally heated reduction tank and then thermally reduced to metallic magnesium using 75% ferrosilicon as a reducing agent in a vacuum. Overall the processes in magnesium smel... | Pidgeon process | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,571 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Metallurgical processes",
"Magnesium processes",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Chemical processes",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
2,721,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicothermic%20reaction | Silicothermic reactions are thermic chemical reactions using silicon as the reducing agent at high temperature (800-1400°C).
They were initially commercialized for the production of low-carbon ferromanganese before and during World War I(F. M. Becket played a significant role) and are still used today. They were also ... | Silicothermic reaction | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 179 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Metallurgical processes",
"Inorganic reactions",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Chemical reaction stubs"
] |
2,721,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminothermic%20reaction | Aluminothermic reactions are exothermic chemical reactions using aluminium as the reducing agent at high temperature. The process is industrially useful for production of alloys of iron. The most prominent example is the thermite reaction between iron oxides and aluminium to produce iron itself:
Fe2O3 + 2 Al → ... | Aluminothermic reaction | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 513 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Inorganic reactions",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
2,721,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciothermic%20reaction | Calciothermic reactions are metallothermic reduction reactions (more generally, thermic chemical reactions) which use calcium metal as the reducing agent at high temperature.
Calcium is one of the most potent reducing agents available, usually drawn as the strongest oxidic reductant in Ellingham diagrams, though the l... | Calciothermic reaction | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 216 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Inorganic reactions",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Chemical reaction stubs"
] |
2,722,105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizer | A polarizer or polariser is an optical filter that lets light waves of a specific polarization pass through while blocking light waves of other polarizations. It can filter a beam of light of undefined or mixed polarization into a beam of well-defined polarization, known as polarized light. Polarizers are used in many ... | Polarizer | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 5,834 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical components",
"Astrophysics",
"Polarization (waves)",
"Components"
] |
2,722,905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication%20%28computing%29 | Replication in computing refers to maintaining multiple copies of data, processes, or resources to ensure consistency across redundant components. This fundamental technique spans databases, file systems, and distributed systems, serving to improve availability, fault-tolerance, accessibility, and performance. Through ... | Replication (computing) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,542 | [
"Fault-tolerant computer systems",
"Reliability engineering",
"Computer systems"
] |
2,723,140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profilometer | A profilometer is a measuring instrument used to measure a surface's profile, in order to quantify its roughness. Critical dimensions as step, curvature, flatness are computed from the surface topography.
While the historical notion of a profilometer was a device similar to a phonograph that measures a surface as the ... | Profilometer | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,393 | [
"Quantity",
"Dimensional instruments",
"Physical quantities",
"Size"
] |
2,723,752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20fermentation | Industrial fermentation is the intentional use of fermentation in manufacturing processes. In addition to the mass production of fermented foods and drinks, industrial fermentation has widespread applications in chemical industry. Commodity chemicals, such as acetic acid, citric acid, and ethanol are made by fermentati... | Industrial fermentation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,113 | [
"Synthetic biology",
"Biological engineering",
"Cellular respiration",
"Water treatment",
"Biotechnology",
"Bioinformatics",
"Microbiology techniques",
"Molecular genetics",
"nan",
"Environmental engineering",
"Biochemistry",
"Waste treatment technology",
"Fermentation"
] |
2,724,082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution%20%28logic%29 | In mathematical logic and automated theorem proving, resolution is a rule of inference leading to a refutation-complete theorem-proving technique for sentences in propositional logic and first-order logic. For propositional logic, systematically applying the resolution rule acts as a decision procedure for formula unsa... | Resolution (logic) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,909 | [
"Automated theorem proving",
"Proof theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Computational mathematics",
"Rules of inference",
"Theorems in propositional logic",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
2,724,263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swain%20equation | The Swain equation relates the kinetic isotope effect for the protium/tritium combination with that of the protium/deuterium combination according to:
where kH,D,T are the reaction rate constants for the protonated, deuterated and tritiated reactants respectively.
External links
Applied Swain equation
References
... | Swain equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 155 | [
"Chemical kinetics",
"Equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Chemical reaction engineering"
] |
2,725,360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deconstruction%20%28building%29 | In the context of physical construction, deconstruction is the selective dismantlement of building components, specifically for reuse, repurposing, recycling, and waste management. It differs from demolition where a site is cleared of its building by the most expedient means. Deconstruction has also been defined as "co... | Deconstruction (building) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,248 | [
"Demolition",
"Sustainable building",
"Sustainable architecture",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Environmental social science",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
2,726,086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncleftish%20Beholding | "Uncleftish Beholding" is a short text by Poul Anderson, first published in the Mid-December 1989 issue of the magazine Analog Science Fiction and Fact (with no indication of its fictional or factual status) and included in his anthology All One Universe (1996). It is designed to illustrate what English might look like... | Uncleftish Beholding | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 486 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
27,388,322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icophone | The icophone is an instrument of speech synthesis conceived by Émile Leipp in 1964 and used for synthesizing the French language. The two first icophones were made in the laboratory of physical mechanics of Saint-Cyr-l'École.
The principle of the icophone is the representation of the sound by a spectrograph. The spe... | Icophone | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 185 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Time–frequency analysis",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
27,391,465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocular%20deprivation | Monocular deprivation is an experimental technique used by neuroscientists to study central nervous system plasticity. Generally, one of an animal's eyes is sutured shut during a period of high cortical plasticity (4–5 weeks-old in mice (Gordon 1997)). This manipulation serves as an animal model for amblyopia, a perman... | Monocular deprivation | [
"Materials_science"
] | 563 | [
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Plasticity (physics)"
] |
27,392,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radially%20unbounded%20function | In mathematics, a radially unbounded function is a function for which
Or equivalently,
Such functions are applied in control theory and required in optimization for determination of compact spaces.
Notice that the norm used in the definition can be any norm defined on , and that the behavior of the function along ... | Radially unbounded function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 139 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Types of functions"
] |
27,393,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output%20power%20of%20an%20analog%20TV%20transmitter | The output power of a TV transmitter is the electric power applied to antenna system.
There are two definitions: nominal (or peak) and thermal. Analogue television systems put about 70% to 90% of the transmitters power into the sync pulses. The remainder of the transmitter's power goes into transmitting the video's hig... | Output power of an analog TV transmitter | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 777 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Physical quantities",
"Television technology",
"Radio transmission power",
"Power (physics)"
] |
27,395,553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerrum%20plot | A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, when the solution is at equilibrium. Due to the many o... | Bjerrum plot | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,028 | [
"Acid–base chemistry",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Oceanography",
"Equilibrium chemistry",
"Chemical oceanography",
"Soil chemistry",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Ecosystems",
"Aquatic ecology",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
4,992,829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaveretum | Papaveretum (BAN) is a preparation containing a mixture of hydrochloride salts of opium alkaloids. Since 1993, papaveretum has been defined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) as a mixture of 253 parts morphine hydrochloride, 23 parts papaverine hydrochloride, and 20 parts codeine hydrochloride. It is commonly marketed t... | Papaveretum | [
"Chemistry"
] | 238 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs"
] |
4,998,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embrittlement | Embrittlement is a significant decrease of ductility of a material, which makes the material brittle. Embrittlement is used to describe any phenomena where the environment compromises a stressed material's mechanical performance, such as temperature or environmental composition. This is oftentimes undesirable as brittl... | Embrittlement | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,388 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Corrosion",
"Electrochemistry",
"Materials degradation"
] |
4,998,376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodipping%20force | The electrodipping force is a force proposed to explain the observed attraction that arises among small colloidal particles attached to an interface between immiscible liquids. The particles are held there by surface tension. Normally the surface tension does not in itself give rise to an attraction or repulsion amon... | Electrodipping force | [
"Engineering"
] | 444 | [
"Civil engineering",
"Fluid mechanics"
] |
28,648,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouch%C3%A9%E2%80%93Capelli%20theorem | Rouché–Capelli theorem is a theorem in linear algebra that determines the number of solutions for a system of linear equations, given the rank of its augmented matrix and coefficient matrix. The theorem is variously known as the:
Rouché–Capelli theorem in English speaking countries, Italy and Brazil;
Kronecker–Capell... | Rouché–Capelli theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 623 | [
"Theorems in algebra",
"Theorems in linear algebra"
] |
28,653,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanamori%E2%80%93McAloon%20theorem | In mathematical logic, the Kanamori–McAloon theorem, due to , gives an example of an incompleteness in Peano arithmetic, similar to that of the Paris–Harrington theorem. They showed that a certain finitistic theorem in Ramsey theory is not provable in Peano arithmetic (PA).
Statement
Given a set of non-negative integ... | Kanamori–McAloon theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 196 | [
"Independence results",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical logic stubs",
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
1,962,679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body%20force | A three-body force is a force that does not exist in a system of two objects but appears in a three-body system. In general, if the behaviour of a system of more than two objects cannot be described by the two-body interactions between all possible pairs, as a first approximation, the deviation is mainly due to a three... | Three-body force | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 319 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
1,962,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiyama%20coupling | The Hiyama coupling is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of organosilanes with organic halides used in organic chemistry to form carbon–carbon bonds (C-C bonds). This reaction was discovered in 1988 by Tamejiro Hiyama and Yasuo Hatanaka as a method to form carbon-carbon bonds synthetically with chemo- and r... | Hiyama coupling | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,839 | [
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Coupling reactions",
"Organic reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
1,962,960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-photon%20physics | Two-photon physics, also called gamma–gamma physics, is a branch of particle physics that describes the interactions between two photons. Normally, beams of light pass through each other unperturbed. Inside an optical material, and if the intensity of the beams is high enough, the beams may affect each other through a ... | Two-photon physics | [
"Physics"
] | 1,210 | [
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
1,963,076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiresolution%20analysis | A multiresolution analysis (MRA) or multiscale approximation (MSA) is the design method of most of the practically relevant discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and the justification for the algorithm of the fast wavelet transform (FWT). It was introduced in this context in 1988/89 by Stephane Mallat and Yves Meyer and ha... | Multiresolution analysis | [
"Physics"
] | 1,485 | [
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Time–frequency analysis"
] |
1,963,405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC | HTC Corporation (), or High Tech Computer Corporation (abbreviated and trading as HTC), is a Taiwanese consumer electronics corporation headquartered in Taoyuan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Founded in 1997, HTC began as an original design manufacturer and original equipment manufacturer that designed and manufactured lap... | HTC | [
"Technology"
] | 3,121 | [
"Computer hardware companies",
"Computers"
] |
1,963,514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2010993 | The ISO 10993 set entails a series of standards for evaluating the biocompatibility of medical devices to manage biological risk. These documents were preceded by the Tripartite agreement and is a part of the international harmonisation of the safe use evaluation of medical devices.
For the purpose of the ISO 10993 fam... | ISO 10993 | [
"Biology"
] | 583 | [
"Medical devices",
"Medical technology"
] |
1,964,288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahn%E2%80%93Teller%20effect | The Jahn–Teller effect (JT effect or JTE) is an important mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in molecular and solid-state systems which has far-reaching consequences in different fields, and is responsible for a variety of phenomena in spectroscopy, stereochemistry, crystal chemistry, molecular and solid-state ... | Jahn–Teller effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 8,346 | [
"Coordination chemistry",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Chemical bonding",
"Matter",
"Solid-state chemistry"
] |
1,965,347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrupole%20mass%20analyzer | In mass spectrometry, the quadrupole mass analyzer (or quadrupole mass filter) is a type of mass analyzer originally conceived by Nobel laureate Wolfgang Paul and his student Helmut Steinwedel. As the name implies, it consists of four cylindrical rods, set parallel to each other. In a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS)... | Quadrupole mass analyzer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,124 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
1,965,869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banks%E2%80%93Zaks%20fixed%20point | In quantum chromodynamics (and also N = 1 super quantum chromodynamics) with massless flavors, if the number of flavors, Nf, is sufficiently small (i.e. small enough to guarantee asymptotic freedom, depending on the number of colors), the theory can flow to an interacting conformal fixed point of the renormalization gr... | Banks–Zaks fixed point | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 468 | [
"Symmetry",
"Physical phenomena",
"Supersymmetric quantum field theory",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Fixed points (mathematics)",
"Critical phenomena",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Renormalization group",
"Topology",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Supersymmetry",
"Quantum physics stubs",
"Dynamical system... |
1,966,606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyapatite | Hydroxyapatite (IMA name: hydroxylapatite) (Hap, HAp, or HA) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula , often written to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities. It is the hydroxyl endmember of the complex apatite group. The ion can be replaced by fluoride or chloride... | Hydroxyapatite | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,054 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Materials",
"Ceramic materials",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
24,128,922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae%20bioreactor | An algae bioreactor is used for cultivating micro or macroalgae. Algae may be cultivated for the purposes of biomass production (as in a seaweed cultivator), wastewater treatment, CO2 fixation, or aquarium/pond filtration in the form of an algae scrubber. Algae bioreactors vary widely in design, falling broadly into tw... | Algae bioreactor | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,739 | [
"Bioreactors",
"Biological engineering",
"Algae",
"Chemical reactors",
"Biochemical engineering",
"Microbiology equipment",
"Biotechnology",
"Algaculture",
"nan"
] |
27,032,782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders%20of%20magnitude%20%28entropy%29 | The following list shows different orders of magnitude of entropy.
See also
Heat capacity
Joule per kelvin
Orders of magnitude (data), relates to information entropy
Order of magnitude (terminology)
References
Entropy
Entropy | Orders of magnitude (entropy) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 41 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Units of measurement",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Entropy",
"Asymmetry",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Orders of magnitude",
"Symmetry",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
27,034,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Water%20Security%20%26%20Sanitation%20Partnership | The Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership (GWSP), formerly the Water and Sanitation Program, is a trust fund administered by the World Bank geared at improving the accessibility and infrastructure of water and sanitation for underdeveloped countries. GWSP works in more than 25 countries through regional office... | Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,149 | [
"Water",
"Hydrology",
"Water supply",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
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