id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3,702,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtin%E2%80%93Hammett%20principle | The Curtin–Hammett principle is a principle in chemical kinetics proposed by David Yarrow Curtin and Louis Plack Hammett. It states that, for a reaction that has a pair of reactive intermediates or reactants that interconvert rapidly (as is usually the case for conformational isomers), each going irreversibly to a dif... | Curtin–Hammett principle | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,094 | [
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
3,707,854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%20crystal | A Wigner crystal is the solid (crystalline) phase of electrons first predicted by Eugene Wigner in 1934. A gas of electrons moving in a uniform, inert, neutralizing background (i.e. Jellium Model) will crystallize and form a lattice if the electron density is less than a critical value. This is because the potential en... | Wigner crystal | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,901 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter",
"Materials science"
] |
21,186,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision/reaction%20cell | A collision/reaction cell is a device used in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to remove interfering ions through ion/neutral reactions.
Dynamic reaction cell
The collision reaction cell, also known by the trade name "dynamic reaction cell" (DRC), was introduced by Perkin-Elmer on their Elan DRC (followed ... | Collision/reaction cell | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 975 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
21,188,237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20mass%20spectrometer | A hybrid mass spectrometer is a device for tandem mass spectrometry that consists of a combination of two or more m/z separation devices of different types.
Notation
The different m/z separation elements of a hybrid mass spectrometer can be represented by a shorthand notation. The symbol Q represents a quadrupole mas... | Hybrid mass spectrometer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 358 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Tandem mass spectrometry",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
21,188,370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel | A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as thermal energy or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy, such as nuclear e... | Fuel | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,649 | [
"Fuels",
"Chemical energy sources"
] |
21,189,621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMD%20LED | The light from white LED lamps and LED strip lights is usually provided by industry standard surface-mounted device LEDs (SMD LEDs). Non-SMD types of LED lighting also exist, such as COB (chip on board) and MCOB (multi-COB).
Surface-mounted device LED modules are described by the dimensions of the LED package. A singl... | SMD LED | [
"Engineering"
] | 153 | [
"Electronic design",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electronics manufacturing",
"Design"
] |
21,191,343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variadic%20template | In computer programming, variadic templates are templates that take a variable number of arguments.
Variadic templates are supported by C++ (since the C++11 standard), and the D programming language.
C++
The variadic template feature of C++ was designed by Douglas Gregor and Jaakko Järvi and was later standardized i... | Variadic template | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,020 | [
"Software engineering",
"Computer programming",
"Computers"
] |
21,193,115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannula%20transfer | Cannula transfer or cannulation is a set of air-free techniques used with a Schlenk line, in transferring liquid or solution samples between reaction vessels via cannulae, avoiding atmospheric contamination. While the syringes are not the same as cannulae, the techniques remain relevant.
Two methods of cannula transfe... | Cannula transfer | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,509 | [
"Vacuum systems",
"Air-free techniques",
"nan"
] |
6,592,812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20contact%20conductance | In physics, thermal contact conductance is the study of heat conduction between solid or liquid bodies in thermal contact. The thermal contact conductance coefficient, , is a property indicating the thermal conductivity, or ability to conduct heat, between two bodies in contact. The inverse of this property is termed t... | Thermal contact conductance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,347 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Thermodynamics",
"Heat conduction",
"Physical properties",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
6,593,472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure%20theorem%20for%20Gaussian%20measures | In mathematics, the structure theorem for Gaussian measures shows that the abstract Wiener space construction is essentially the only way to obtain a strictly positive Gaussian measure on a separable Banach space. It was proved in the 1970s by Kallianpur–Sato–Stefan and Dudley–Feldman–le Cam.
There is the earlier resu... | Structure theorem for Gaussian measures | [
"Mathematics"
] | 236 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in measure theory",
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
6,593,900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20temperature%20sensing | Distributed temperature sensing systems (DTS) are optoelectronic devices which measure temperatures by means of optical fibres functioning as linear sensors. Temperatures are recorded along the optical sensor cable, thus not at points, but as a continuous profile. A high accuracy of temperature determination is achieve... | Distributed temperature sensing | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,924 | [
"Electrical components",
"Measuring instruments",
"Electrical engineering",
"Sensors",
"Components"
] |
6,594,053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover-coding | Cover-coding is a technique for obscuring the data that is transmitted over an insecure link, to reduce the risks of snooping. An example of cover-coding would be for the sender to perform a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) of the original data with a password or random number which is known to both sender and receiver. Th... | Cover-coding | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 245 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
6,599,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20delivery | Gene delivery is the process of introducing foreign genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, into host cells. Gene delivery must reach the genome of the host cell to induce gene expression. Successful gene delivery requires the foreign gene delivery to remain stable within the host cell and can either integrate into the g... | Gene delivery | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,197 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biotechnology",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"nan",
"Gene delivery"
] |
6,601,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial%20specific%20volume | The partial specific volume express the variation of the extensive volume of a mixture in respect to composition of the masses. It is the partial derivative of volume with respect to the mass of the component of interest.
where is the partial specific volume of a component defined as:
The PSV is usually measured i... | Partial specific volume | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 163 | [
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Mass",
"Intensive quantities",
"Volume-specific quantities",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Density",
"Biochemistry",
"Mass density",
"Matter"
] |
18,907,541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta%20Phoenicis | Zeta Phoenicis (ζ Phoenicis, abbreviated Zet Phe, ζ Phe) is a multiple star system in the constellation of Phoenix. It is visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements made by the Hipparcos spacecraft, it is located some away.
Zeta Phoenicis A is itself an Algol-type eclipsing binary star. It consists of... | Zeta Phoenicis | [
"Astronomy"
] | 652 | [
"Phoenix (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
18,909,129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20vector%20bundle | In mathematics, a stable vector bundle is a (holomorphic or algebraic) vector bundle that is stable in the sense of geometric invariant theory. Any holomorphic vector bundle may be built from stable ones using Harder–Narasimhan filtration. Stable bundles were defined by David Mumford in and later built upon by David G... | Stable vector bundle | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,634 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
18,909,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmentation%20%28pharmacology%29 | Augmentation, in the context of the pharmacological management of psychiatry, refers to the combination of two or more drugs to achieve better treatment results. Examples include:
Prescribing an atypical antipsychotic when someone is already taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of depressio... | Augmentation (pharmacology) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 215 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Clinical pharmacology"
] |
2,740,708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict%202-category | In category theory, a strict 2-category is a category with "morphisms between morphisms", that is, where each hom-set itself carries the structure of a category. It can be formally defined as a category enriched over Cat (the category of categories and functors, with the monoidal structure given by product of categor... | Strict 2-category | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,063 | [
"Higher category theory",
"Mathematical structures",
"Category theory"
] |
2,741,241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorescent%20organic%20light-emitting%20diode | Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLED) are a type of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) that use the principle of phosphorescence to obtain higher internal efficiencies than fluorescent OLEDs. This technology is currently under development by many industrial and academic research groups.
Method of oper... | Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 703 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Molecular electronics",
"Electronic engineering",
"Display technology",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
2,742,758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibritumomab%20tiuxetan | Ibritumomab tiuxetan (pronounced ), sold under the trade name Zevalin, is a monoclonal antibody radioimmunotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The drug uses the monoclonal mouse IgG1 antibody ibritumomab in conjunction with the chelator tiuxetan, to which a radioactive isotope (either yttrium-90 or indium-111... | Ibritumomab tiuxetan | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 736 | [
"Antibody-drug conjugates",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Medicinal radiochemistry"
] |
2,743,476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20escape | Atmospheric escape is the loss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space. A number of different mechanisms can be responsible for atmospheric escape; these processes can be divided into thermal escape, non-thermal (or suprathermal) escape, and impact erosion. The relative importance of each loss process depends on ... | Atmospheric escape | [
"Physics"
] | 2,387 | [
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Astrophysics"
] |
2,744,989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense%20plasma%20focus | A dense plasma focus (DPF) is a type of plasma generating system originally developed as a fusion power device starting in the early 1960s. The system demonstrated scaling laws that suggested it would not be useful in the commercial power role, and since the 1980s it has been used primarily as a fusion teaching system,... | Dense plasma focus | [
"Physics"
] | 4,320 | [
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Plasma physics"
] |
25,560,578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamaterial%20cloaking | Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak. This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material. Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to re... | Metamaterial cloaking | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 7,025 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Metamaterials",
"Materials science",
"Fundamental interactions"
] |
25,562,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp%20Algebraic%20Manipulator | The Lisp Algebraic Manipulator (also known as LAM) was created by Ray d'Inverno, who had written Atlas LISP Algebraic Manipulation (ALAM was designed in 1970). LAM later became the basis for the interactive computer package SHEEP.
Notes
Computer algebra systems
Tensors | Lisp Algebraic Manipulator | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 60 | [
"Computer algebra systems",
"Tensors",
"Mathematical software"
] |
25,564,115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephaeline | Cephaeline is an alkaloid that is found in Cephaelis ipecacuanha and other plant species including Psychotria acuminata. Cephaeline induces vomiting by stimulating the stomach lining and is found in commercial products such as syrup of ipecac. Chemically, it is closely related to emetine.
Poison treatment
Cephaeline... | Cephaeline | [
"Chemistry"
] | 141 | [
"Alkaloids by chemical classification",
"Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids"
] |
25,564,608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Hydraulic%20Engineering | The Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, formerly the Journal of the Hydraulics Division (1956–1982), is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Topics range from flows in closed conduits to free-surface flows (canals, rivers, lakes, and estuaries) to environmental fluid dy... | Journal of Hydraulic Engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 270 | [
"Civil engineering journals",
"Civil engineering"
] |
523,430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructible%20polygon | In mathematics, a constructible polygon is a regular polygon that can be constructed with compass and straightedge. For example, a regular pentagon is constructible with compass and straightedge while a regular heptagon is not. There are infinitely many constructible polygons, but only 31 with an odd number of sides ar... | Constructible polygon | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,861 | [
"Constructible polygons",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Euclidean plane geometry"
] |
523,879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simply%20connected%20space | In topology, a topological space is called simply connected (or 1-connected, or 1-simply connected) if it is path-connected and every path between two points can be continuously transformed into any other such path while preserving the two endpoints in question. Intuitively, this corresponds to a space that has no disj... | Simply connected space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,064 | [
"Properties of topological spaces",
"Algebraic topology",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology"
] |
524,003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20and%20external%20angles | In geometry, an angle of a polygon is formed by two adjacent sides. For a simple polygon (non-self-intersecting), regardless of whether it is convex or non-convex, this angle is called an internal angle (or interior angle) if a point within the angle is in the interior of the polygon. A polygon has exactly one interna... | Internal and external angles | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 564 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Physical quantities",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Elementary geometry",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Angle"
] |
524,124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercharge | In particle physics, the hypercharge (a portmanteau of hyperonic and charge) Y of a particle is a quantum number conserved under the strong interaction. The concept of hypercharge provides a single charge operator that accounts for properties of isospin, electric charge, and flavour. The hypercharge is useful to classi... | Hypercharge | [
"Physics"
] | 909 | [
"Standard Model",
"Physical phenomena",
"Electroweak theory",
"Particle physics",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
524,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenesis | In pathology, pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance. The word comes .
Description
Types of pathogenesis include microbial infection, inflammation, malign... | Pathogenesis | [
"Biology"
] | 338 | [
"Pathology"
] |
524,445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombopoietin | Thrombopoietin (THPO) also known as megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THPO gene.
Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets. It stimulates the production and differentiation of meg... | Thrombopoietin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 970 | [
"Growth factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
524,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent%20set%20%28graph%20theory%29 | In graph theory, an independent set, stable set, coclique or anticlique is a set of vertices in a graph, no two of which are adjacent. That is, it is a set of vertices such that for every two vertices in , there is no edge connecting the two. Equivalently, each edge in the graph has at most one endpoint in . A set is ... | Independent set (graph theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,482 | [
"Computational problems in graph theory",
"Graph theory objects",
"Computational mathematics",
"Graph theory",
"Computational problems",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical problems",
"NP-complete problems"
] |
525,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codimension | In mathematics, codimension is a basic geometric idea that applies to subspaces in vector spaces, to submanifolds in manifolds, and suitable subsets of algebraic varieties.
For affine and projective algebraic varieties, the codimension equals the height of the defining ideal. For this reason, the height of an ideal is... | Codimension | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,171 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Algebraic geometry",
"Physical quantities",
"Geometric topology",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Theory of relativity",
"Linear algebra",
"Dimension",
"Algebra"
] |
525,234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular%20perturbation | In mathematics, a singular perturbation problem is a problem containing a small parameter that cannot be approximated by setting the parameter value to zero. More precisely, the solution cannot be uniformly approximated by an asymptotic expansion
as . Here is the small parameter of the problem and are a sequence of ... | Singular perturbation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,299 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Differential equations",
"Equations",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Perturbation theory"
] |
525,887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density%20of%20states | In condensed matter physics, the density of states (DOS) of a system describes the number of allowed modes or states per unit energy range. The density of states is defined as where is the number of states in the system of volume whose energies lie in the range from to . It is mathematically represented as a distri... | Density of states | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,365 | [
"Electron",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Electronic band structures",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physical properties"
] |
20,095,931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-vertex%20model | In statistical mechanics, the eight-vertex model is a generalization of the ice-type (six-vertex) models. It was discussed by Sutherland and Fan & Wu, and solved by Rodney Baxter in the zero-field case.
Description
As with the ice-type models, the eight-vertex model is a square lattice model, where each state is a co... | Eight-vertex model | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 938 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Lattice models",
"Computational physics"
] |
20,096,022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice-type%20model | In statistical mechanics, the ice-type models or six-vertex models are a family of vertex models for crystal lattices with hydrogen bonds. The first such model was introduced by Linus Pauling in 1935 to account for the residual entropy of water ice. Variants have been proposed as models of certain ferroelectric and ant... | Ice-type model | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,142 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Lattice models",
"Computational physics"
] |
20,101,779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-stretch%20analog-to-digital%20converter | The time-stretch analog-to-digital converter (TS-ADC), also known as the time-stretch enhanced recorder (TiSER), is an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) system that has the capability of digitizing very high bandwidth signals that cannot be captured by conventional electronic ADCs. Alternatively, it is also known as th... | Time-stretch analog-to-digital converter | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,174 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Computer engineering",
"Optical devices",
"Analog circuits",
"Measuring instruments",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
22,672,945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytel | Cytel is a multinational statistical software developer and contract research organization, headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Cytel provides clinical trial design and implementation services, and statistical software products primarily for the biotech and pharmaceutical development markets.
Cytel special... | Cytel | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,176 | [
"Drug discovery companies",
"Drug discovery"
] |
22,673,422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamics%20of%20the%20celestial%20spheres | Ancient, medieval and Renaissance astronomers and philosophers developed many different theories about the dynamics of the celestial spheres. They explained the motions of the various nested spheres in terms of the materials of which they were made, external movers such as celestial intelligences, and internal movers ... | Dynamics of the celestial spheres | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,673 | [
"Astrophysics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
22,674,559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material%20flow | Material flow is the description of the transportation of raw materials, pre-fabricates, parts, components, integrated objects and final products as a flow of entities. The term applies mainly to advanced modeling of supply chain management.
As industrial material flow can easily become very complex, several different... | Material flow | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 96 | [
"Systems ecology",
"Industrial engineering",
"Control engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Industrial ecology",
"Environmental social science"
] |
30,138,821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20cognition | Quantum cognition uses the mathematical formalism of quantum probability theory to model psychology phenomena when classical probability theory fails. The field focuses on modeling phenomena in cognitive science that have resisted traditional techniques or where traditional models seem to have reached a barrier (e.g., ... | Quantum cognition | [
"Physics"
] | 2,235 | [
"Quantum mind",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
30,139,095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann%20Eddy | The Mann Eddy is a very small feature of ocean currents in the Atlantic. It is a persistent clockwise circulation in the middle of the North Atlantic ocean, specifically "a
mesoscale anticyclone, adjacent to the path of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) in the Newfoundland basin". The eddy has persisted since its initi... | Mann Eddy | [
"Physics"
] | 155 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
30,139,196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode%20coupling | In the term mode coupling, as used in physics and electrical engineering, the word "mode" refers to eigenmodes of an idealized, "unperturbed", linear system. The superposition principle says that eigenmodes of linear systems are independent of each other: it is possible to excite or to annihilate a specific mode withou... | Mode coupling | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 188 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter",
"Materials science"
] |
30,141,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9H8N2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C9H8N2}}
The molecular formula C9H8N2 (molar mass: 144.17 g/mol, exact mass: 144.0687 u) may refer to:
4-Aminoquinoline
8-Aminoquinoline
Molecular formulas | C9H8N2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 66 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
30,148,162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-drying%20concrete%20technology | Self-drying concrete technology is found in certain cementitious patching and leveling materials and tile-setting mortars used in the flooring industry. Self-drying technology allows the cement mix to consume all of its mix water while curing, eliminating the need for excess water to evaporate prior to installing floor... | Self-drying concrete technology | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 490 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Composite materials",
"Materials",
"Concrete",
"Matter"
] |
30,151,814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkQ | SkQ is a class of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, developed by Professor Vladimir Skulachev and his team. In a broad sense, SkQ is a lipophilic cation, linked via saturated hydrocarbon chain to an antioxidant. Due to its lipophilic properties, SkQ can effectively penetrate through various cell membranes. The positi... | SkQ | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,076 | [
"Mitochondria",
"Membrane biology",
"Senescence",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Metabolism"
] |
307,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue%20engineering | Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline that uses a combination of cells, engineering, materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to restore, maintain, improve, or replace different types of biological tissues. Tissue engineering often involves the use of cells placed on t... | Tissue engineering | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 12,269 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Biological engineering",
"Biomedical engineering",
"Cloning",
"Chemical engineering",
"Cell culture techniques",
"Tissue engineering",
"Medical technology"
] |
307,155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive%20equations | The primitive equations are a set of nonlinear partial differential equations that are used to approximate global atmospheric flow and are used in most atmospheric models. They consist of three main sets of balance equations:
A continuity equation: Representing the conservation of mass.
Conservation of momentum: Con... | Primitive equations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,550 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Atmospheric models",
"Atmospheric dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Environmental modelling",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
307,552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-based%20material | A bio-based material is a material intentionally made, either wholly or partially, from substances derived from living (or once-living) organisms, such as plants, animals, enzymes, and microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and yeast.
Due to their main characteristics of being renewable and to their ability to stor... | Bio-based material | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 948 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Green chemistry",
"Chemical engineering",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Materials",
"nan",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
307,809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive%20protein | C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind ... | C-reactive protein | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,383 | [
"Blood tests",
"Biomarkers",
"Immunologic tests",
"Biochemistry",
"Chemical pathology"
] |
308,058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20declination | Magnetic declination (also called magnetic variation) is the angle between magnetic north and true north at a particular location on the Earth's surface. The angle can change over time due to polar wandering.
Magnetic north is the direction that the north end of a magnetized compass needle points, which corresponds to... | Magnetic declination | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,379 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Angle",
"Orientation (geometry)"
] |
308,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuned%20mass%20damper | A tuned mass damper (TMD), also known as a harmonic absorber or seismic damper, is a device mounted in structures to reduce mechanical vibrations, consisting of a mass mounted on one or more damped springs. Its oscillation frequency is tuned to be similar to the resonant frequency of the object it is mounted to, and re... | Tuned mass damper | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,720 | [
"Resonance",
"Structural engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Waves",
"Scattering",
"Weights",
"Physical objects",
"Earthquake and seismic risk mitigation",
"Matter"
] |
308,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living%20polymerization | In polymer chemistry, living polymerization is a form of chain growth polymerization where the ability of a growing polymer chain to terminate has been removed. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways. Chain termination and chain transfer reactions are absent and the rate of chain initiation is also much larger t... | Living polymerization | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 5,059 | [
"Polymerization reactions",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
308,803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot%27s%20theorem%20%28thermodynamics%29 | Carnot's theorem, also called Carnot's rule or Carnot's law, is a principle of thermodynamics developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 that specifies limits on the maximum efficiency that any heat engine can obtain.
Carnot's theorem states that all heat engines operating between the same two thermal or heat re... | Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,936 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Eponymous theorems of physics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Laws of thermodynamics",
"Physics theorems"
] |
308,870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-opening%20polymerization | In polymer chemistry, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a form of chain-growth polymerization in which the terminus of a polymer chain attacks cyclic monomers to form a longer polymer (see figure). The reactive center can be radical, anionic or cationic.
Ring-opening of cyclic monomers is often driven by the relief... | Ring-opening polymerization | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,507 | [
"Polymerization reactions",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
308,884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersity | In chemistry, the dispersity is a measure of the heterogeneity of sizes of molecules or particles in a mixture. A collection of objects is called uniform if the objects have the same size, shape, or mass. A sample of objects that have an inconsistent size, shape and mass distribution is called non-uniform. The objects ... | Dispersity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,843 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Materials science",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Chemical mixtures",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
308,955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20unification%20energy | The grand unification energy , or the GUT scale, is the energy level above which, it is believed, the electromagnetic force, weak force, and strong force become equal in strength and unify to one force governed by a simple Lie group. The exact value of the grand unification energy (if grand unification is indeed realiz... | Grand unification energy | [
"Physics"
] | 405 | [
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Particle physics",
"Grand Unified Theory",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
309,075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear%20antibody | Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some cases, antibodies to human antigens are produ... | Antinuclear antibody | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,268 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Chemical pathology",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
309,221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubrication | Lubrication is the process or technique of using a lubricant to reduce friction and wear and tear in a contact between two surfaces. The study of lubrication is a discipline in the field of tribology.
Lubrication mechanisms such as fluid-lubricated systems are designed so that the applied load is partially or complete... | Lubrication | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,160 | [
"Tribology",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Surface science",
"Materials science"
] |
309,249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payload%20fraction | In aerospace engineering, payload fraction is a common term used to characterize the efficiency of a particular design. The payload fraction is the quotient of the payload mass and the total vehicle mass at the start of its journey. It is a function of specific impulse, propellant mass fraction and the structural coeff... | Payload fraction | [
"Engineering"
] | 214 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
27,080,011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poul%20S.%20Jessen | Poul S. Jessen holds the position of Professor of Optical Sciences with a joint appointment in Physics at the University of Arizona. He is a founding member of the Center for Quantum Information and Control. He has done experimental research in the areas of optical lattices, quantum information, quantum chaos, and qua... | Poul S. Jessen | [
"Physics"
] | 265 | [
"Quantum physicists",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
27,082,137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method%20of%20steepest%20descent | In mathematics, the method of steepest descent or saddle-point method is an extension of Laplace's method for approximating an integral, where one deforms a contour integral in the complex plane to pass near a stationary point (saddle point), in roughly the direction of steepest descent or stationary phase. The saddle... | Method of steepest descent | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,746 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Asymptotic analysis",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Perturbation theory"
] |
27,087,481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeitinho | Jeitinho (, literally "little way") is a Portuguese word to describe a method of finding a way to accomplish something by circumventing or bending the rules or transgressing social conventions. The concept is a deeply ingrained part of Brazilian culture.
Overview
The word "jeitinho" is the diminutive form of jeito, me... | Jeitinho | [
"Biology"
] | 898 | [
"Behavior",
"Human behavior"
] |
21,194,674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polite%20architecture | Polite architecture, or "the Polite" in architectural theory comprises buildings designed to include non-local styles for aesthetically pleasing decorative effect by professional architects. The term groups most named current architectural styles and can be used to describe many non-vernacular architectural styles. Irr... | Polite architecture | [
"Engineering"
] | 789 | [
"Architectural theory",
"Architecture"
] |
21,195,116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%20Core | Darwin Core (often abbreviated to DwC) is an extension of Dublin Core for biodiversity informatics. It is meant to provide a stable standard reference for sharing information on biological diversity (biodiversity). The terms described in this standard are a part of a larger set of vocabularies and technical specificati... | Darwin Core | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 797 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Bioinformatics",
"Interoperability",
"Computational biology"
] |
21,205,195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy%20Cross%20method | The Hardy Cross method is an iterative method for determining the flow in pipe network systems where the inputs and outputs are known, but the flow inside the network is unknown.
The method was first published in November 1936 by its namesake, Hardy Cross, a structural engineering professor at the University of Illino... | Hardy Cross method | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,035 | [
"Hydrology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
6,606,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bis%28trimethylsilyl%29amine | Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine (also known as hexamethyldisilazane and HMDS) is an organosilicon compound with the molecular formula [(CH3)3Si]2NH. The molecule is a derivative of ammonia with trimethylsilyl groups in place of two hydrogen atoms. An electron diffraction study shows that silicon-nitrogen bond length (173.5 pm... | Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 942 | [
"Functional groups",
"Trimethylsilyl compounds",
"Reagents for organic chemistry",
"Amines",
"Bases (chemistry)"
] |
6,612,076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincamine | Vincamine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid found in the leaves of Vinca minor (lesser periwinkle), comprising about 25–65% of its indole alkaloids by weight. It can also be synthesized from related alkaloids.
Uses
Vincamine is sold in Europe as a prescription medicine for the treatment of primary degenerative and v... | Vincamine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 267 | [
"Quinolizidine alkaloids",
"Alkaloids by chemical classification",
"Tryptamine alkaloids"
] |
6,612,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindel%C3%B6f%27s%20lemma | In mathematics, Lindelöf's lemma is a simple but useful lemma in topology on the real line, named for the Finnish mathematician Ernst Leonard Lindelöf.
Statement of the lemma
Let the real line have its standard topology. Then every open subset of the real line is a countable union of open intervals.
Generalized Stat... | Lindelöf's lemma | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 258 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Covering lemmas",
"Topology stubs",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Mathematical problems",
"Lemmas"
] |
6,612,581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20scheme | In algebraic geometry, a branch of mathematics, a Hilbert scheme is a scheme that is the parameter space for the closed subschemes of some projective space (or a more general projective scheme), refining the Chow variety. The Hilbert scheme is a disjoint union of projective subschemes corresponding to Hilbert polynomi... | Hilbert scheme | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,108 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
6,612,596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20series%20and%20Hilbert%20polynomial | In commutative algebra, the Hilbert function, the Hilbert polynomial, and the Hilbert series of a graded commutative algebra finitely generated over a field are three strongly related notions which measure the growth of the dimension of the homogeneous components of the algebra.
These notions have been extended to fil... | Hilbert series and Hilbert polynomial | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,665 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Commutative algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
6,613,227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrichs%27s%20inequality | In mathematics, Friedrichs's inequality is a theorem of functional analysis, due to Kurt Friedrichs. It places a bound on the Lp norm of a function using Lp bounds on the weak derivatives of the function and the geometry of the domain, and can be used to show that certain norms on Sobolev spaces are equivalent. Friedri... | Friedrichs's inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 203 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Binary relations",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
25,567,675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacMahon%27s%20master%20theorem | In mathematics, MacMahon's master theorem (MMT) is a result in enumerative combinatorics and linear algebra. It was discovered by Percy MacMahon and proved in his monograph Combinatory analysis (1916). It is often used to derive binomial identities, most notably Dixon's identity.
Background
In the monograph, MacMah... | MacMahon's master theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,277 | [
"Theorems in linear algebra",
"Theorems in combinatorics",
"Factorial and binomial topics",
"Theorems in algebra",
"Enumerative combinatorics",
"Combinatorics",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics",
"Articles containing proofs"
] |
25,568,388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simons%20Center%20for%20Geometry%20and%20Physics | The Simons Center for Geometry and Physics is a center for theoretical physics and mathematics at Stony Brook University in New York. The focus of the center is mathematical physics and the interface of geometry and physics. It was founded in 2007 by a gift from the James and Marilyn Simons Foundation. The center's cu... | Simons Center for Geometry and Physics | [
"Physics"
] | 653 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theoretical physics institutes"
] |
25,571,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20cholesterol%20transport | Reverse cholesterol transport is a multi-step process resulting in the net movement of cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver first via entering the lymphatic system, then the bloodstream.
Cholesterol from non-hepatic peripheral tissues is transferred to HDL by the ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporte... | Reverse cholesterol transport | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 451 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Lipid biochemistry",
"Organic compounds",
"Cellular processes",
"nan",
"Metabolism",
"Biochemistry",
"Lipids",
"Lipoproteins"
] |
25,572,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging%20Lung%20Sound%20Behavior%20with%20Vibration%20Response%20Imaging | In medicine, Imaging Lung Sound Behavior with Vibration Response Imaging (VRI) is a novelty computer-based technology that takes the concept of the stethoscope to a more progressive level. Since the invention of the stethoscope by René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laennec France in 1816, physicians have been utilizing lung soun... | Imaging Lung Sound Behavior with Vibration Response Imaging | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,014 | [
"Quantity",
"Sound measurements",
"Physical quantities"
] |
3,710,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20motivation%20for%20general%20relativity | A theoretical motivation for general relativity, including the motivation for the geodesic equation and the Einstein field equation, can be obtained from special relativity by examining the dynamics of particles in circular orbits about the Earth. A key advantage in examining circular orbits is that it is possible to k... | Theoretical motivation for general relativity | [
"Physics"
] | 2,537 | [
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
3,710,263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20uniform%20polyhedra%20by%20vertex%20figure | There are many relations among the uniform polyhedra.
Some are obtained by truncating the vertices of the regular or quasi-regular polyhedron.
Others share the same vertices and edges as other polyhedron.
The grouping below exhibit some of these relations.
The vertex figure of a polyhedron
The relations can be made a... | List of uniform polyhedra by vertex figure | [
"Physics"
] | 1,171 | [
"Uniform polytopes",
"Uniform polyhedra",
"Symmetry"
] |
3,710,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20vector%20space | In mathematics, a super vector space is a -graded vector space, that is, a vector space over a field with a given decomposition of subspaces of grade and grade . The study of super vector spaces and their generalizations is sometimes called super linear algebra. These objects find their principal application in theor... | Super vector space | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,239 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Super linear algebra",
"Category theory",
"Categories in category theory",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
20,112,889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corner%20transfer%20matrix | In statistical mechanics, the corner transfer matrix describes the effect of adding a quadrant to a lattice. Introduced by Rodney Baxter in 1968 as an extension of the Kramers-Wannier row-to-row transfer matrix, it provides a powerful method of studying lattice models. Calculations with corner transfer matrices led Bax... | Corner transfer matrix | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,471 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Lattice models",
"Computational physics",
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
20,114,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langmuir%20adsorption%20model | The Langmuir adsorption model explains adsorption by assuming an adsorbate behaves as an ideal gas at isothermal conditions. According to the model, adsorption and desorption are reversible processes. This model even explains the effect of pressure; i.e., at these conditions the adsorbate's partial pressure is related... | Langmuir adsorption model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,758 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Surface science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
20,115,268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildfire%20modeling | Wildfire modeling is concerned with numerical simulation of wildfires to comprehend and predict fire behavior. Wildfire modeling aims to aid wildfire suppression, increase the safety of firefighters and the public, and minimize damage. Wildfire modeling can also aid in protecting ecosystems, watersheds, and air quality... | Wildfire modeling | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,588 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical modeling",
"Computational physics"
] |
20,120,811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibutamoren | Ibutamoren () (developmental code names MK-677, MK-0677, LUM-201, L-163,191; former tentative brand name Oratrope) is a potent, long-acting, orally-active, selective, and non-peptide agonist of the ghrelin receptor and a growth hormone secretagogue, mimicking the growth hormone (GH)-stimulating action of the endogenous... | Ibutamoren | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 559 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Anti-aging substances",
"Senescence",
"Spiro compounds"
] |
20,120,864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranked%20eye%20bolt | A cranked eye bolt is an eye bolt typically used as a structural tie down in building construction where the eye of the bolt must be fastened to a point that cannot be directly below where the shaft would otherwise be fastened. This often occurs where a bearer must be tied down to a post or column but the bearer cannot... | Cranked eye bolt | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 401 | [
"Structural system",
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering"
] |
1,344,439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20building | Green building (also known as green construction, sustainable building, or eco-friendly building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, ren... | Green building | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 7,571 | [
"Sustainable building",
"Sustainable architecture",
"Buildings and structures by type",
"Building",
"Building engineering",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental social science",
"Architecture"
] |
1,344,480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform%20isomorphism | In the mathematical field of topology a uniform isomorphism or is a special isomorphism between uniform spaces that respects uniform properties. Uniform spaces with uniform maps form a category. An isomorphism between uniform spaces is called a uniform isomorphism.
Definition
A function between two uniform spaces ... | Uniform isomorphism | [
"Mathematics"
] | 206 | [
"Uniform spaces",
"Homeomorphisms",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topology stubs",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology"
] |
1,344,979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visbreaker | A visbreaker is a processing unit in an oil refinery whose purpose is to minimize the quantity of residual oil produced in the distillation of crude oil and to increase the yield of more valuable middle distillates (heating oil and diesel) by the refinery. A visbreaker thermally cracks large hydrocarbon molecules in t... | Visbreaker | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,220 | [
"Separation processes",
"Oil refineries",
"Chemical processes",
"Petroleum",
"Distillation",
"Oil refining",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
1,345,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusterin | In humans, clusterin (CLU) is encoded by the CLU gene on chromosome 8. CLU is an extracellular molecular chaperone which binds to misfolded proteins in body fluids to neutralise their toxicity and mediate their cellular uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once internalised by cells, complexes between CLU and misfo... | Clusterin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,296 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,345,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position%20%28geometry%29 | In geometry, a position or position vector, also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector that represents a point P in space. Its length represents the distance in relation to an arbitrary reference origin O, and its direction represents the angular orientation with respect to given reference ax... | Position (geometry) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,031 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Point (geometry)",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Position",
"Kinematic properties",
"Space",
"Vector physical quantities",
"Spacetime",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
1,346,096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20operator | In mathematics, the transfer operator encodes information about an iterated map and is frequently used to study the behavior of dynamical systems, statistical mechanics, quantum chaos and fractals. In all usual cases, the largest eigenvalue is 1, and the corresponding eigenvector is the invariant measure of the system.... | Transfer operator | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 771 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,346,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochron%20dating | Isochron dating is a common technique of radiometric dating and is applied to date certain events, such as crystallization, metamorphism, shock events, and differentiation of precursor melts, in the history of rocks. Isochron dating can be further separated into mineral isochron dating and whole rock isochron dating; b... | Isochron dating | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,514 | [
"Radiometric dating",
"Radioactivity"
] |
1,346,837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flare%20gun | A flare gun, also known as a Very pistol or signal pistol, is a large-bore handgun that discharges flares, blanks and smoke. The flare gun is typically used to produce a distress signal.
Types
The most common type of flare gun is a Very (sometimes spelled Verey), which was named after Edward Wilson Very (1847–1910), ... | Flare gun | [
"Engineering"
] | 903 | [
"Optical communications",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
1,347,035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE%20Automation%20%26%20Controls | General Electric Automation and Controls division combines what was formerly known as GE Intelligent Platforms and Alstom's Power Automation and Controls. In 2019, GE Intelligent Platforms was acquired by Emerson Electric and is now part of Emerson's Discrete Automation business unit.
GE Automation and Controls produ... | GE Automation & Controls | [
"Engineering"
] | 606 | [
"Industrial automation",
"Automation",
"Industrial engineering"
] |
1,347,871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halocline | In oceanography, a halocline (from Greek hals, halos 'salt' and klinein 'to slope') is a cline, a subtype of chemocline caused by a strong, vertical salinity gradient within a body of water. Because salinity (in concert with temperature) affects the density of seawater, it can play a role in its vertical stratificatio... | Halocline | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 665 | [
"Saline water",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Salts",
"Ecosystems",
"Physical oceanography",
"Aquatic ecology"
] |
1,347,945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Filter | The Great Filter is the idea that, in the development of life from the earliest stages of abiogenesis to reaching the highest levels of development on the Kardashev scale, there is a barrier to development that makes detectable extraterrestrial life exceedingly rare. The Great Filter is one possible resolution of the F... | Great Filter | [
"Astronomy",
"Biology"
] | 2,031 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Hypothetical life forms",
"Extraterrestrial life",
"Astronomical controversies",
"Fermi paradox",
"Biological hypotheses"
] |
2,746,861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo%20Dispatch | Turbo Dispatch is a public domain standard for the electronic transfer of job details, initially using packet radio, but now also using the internet. It is used throughout the United Kingdom to pass the details of stranded motorists between all the major UK motoring organisations and their 400 plus vehicle recovery age... | Turbo Dispatch | [
"Technology"
] | 1,669 | [
"Wireless networking",
"Packet radio"
] |
2,746,930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium%20thermodynamics | Equilibrium Thermodynamics is the systematic study of transformations of matter and energy in systems in terms of a concept called thermodynamic equilibrium. The word equilibrium implies a state of balance. Equilibrium thermodynamics, in origins, derives from analysis of the Carnot cycle. Here, typically a system, a... | Equilibrium thermodynamics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 662 | [
"Branches of thermodynamics",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
2,747,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20thermodynamics | Biological thermodynamics (Thermodynamics of biological systems) is a science that explains the nature and general laws of thermodynamic processes occurring in living organisms as nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems that convert the energy of the Sun and food into other types of energy. The nonequilibrium thermodynami... | Biological thermodynamics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 1,042 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Biophysics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
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