id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
529,476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirolimus | Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin and sold under the brand name Rapamune among others, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection, treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and treat perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa). It has immunosuppr... | Sirolimus | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,796 | [
"Senescence",
"Anti-aging substances",
"Chemical biology",
"nan"
] |
309,304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propellant%20mass%20fraction | In aerospace engineering, the propellant mass fraction is the portion of a vehicle's mass which does not reach the destination, usually used as a measure of the vehicle's performance. In other words, the propellant mass fraction is the ratio between the propellant mass and the initial mass of the vehicle. In a spacecra... | Propellant mass fraction | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 712 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Astrodynamics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Size",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
309,536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A4hle%20construction | Strähle's construction is a geometric method for determining the lengths for a series of vibrating strings with uniform diameters and tensions to sound pitches in a specific rational tempered musical tuning. It was first published in the 1743 Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences by Swedish master organ ... | Strähle construction | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,530 | [
"Geometry"
] |
309,620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisodium%20phosphate | Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a white, granular or crystalline solid, highly soluble in water, producing an alkaline solution. TSP is used as a cleaning agent, builder, lubricant, food additive, stain remover, and degreaser.
As an item of commerce TSP is often par... | Trisodium phosphate | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 1,053 | [
"Phosphates",
"Components",
"Cleaning product components",
"Salts"
] |
309,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | In contract theory, mechanism design, and economics, an information asymmetry is a situation where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market failure in the wo... | Information asymmetry | [
"Physics"
] | 7,663 | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Symmetry",
"Asymmetry"
] |
309,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20chordate%20orders | This article contains a list of all of the classes and orders that are located in the Phylum Chordata.
The subphyla Tunicata and Vertebrata are in the unranked Olfactores clade, while the subphylum Cephalochordata is not. Animals in Olfactores are characterized as having a more advanced olfactory system than animals n... | List of chordate orders | [
"Biology"
] | 2,883 | [
"Lists of biota",
"Lists of animals",
"Animals"
] |
309,930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift%20coefficient | In fluid dynamics, the lift coefficient () is a dimensionless quantity that relates the lift generated by a lifting body to the fluid density around the body, the fluid velocity and an associated reference area. A lifting body is a foil or a complete foil-bearing body such as a fixed-wing aircraft. is a function of th... | Lift coefficient | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 922 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
310,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic%20string | Cosmic strings are hypothetical 1-dimensional topological defects which may have formed during a symmetry-breaking phase transition in the early universe when the topology of the vacuum manifold associated to this symmetry breaking was not simply connected.
In less formal terms, they are hypothetical long, thin defect... | Cosmic string | [
"Astronomy"
] | 2,988 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Hypothetical astronomical objects",
"Astronomical myths",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
310,474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20cone | In special and general relativity, a light cone (or "null cone") is the path that a flash of light, emanating from a single event (localized to a single point in space and a single moment in time) and traveling in all directions, would take through spacetime.
Details
If one imagines the light confined to a two-dimensi... | Light cone | [
"Physics"
] | 1,729 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Astrophysics",
"Waves",
"Light",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
310,480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindel%C3%B6f%20space | In mathematics, a Lindelöf space is a topological space in which every open cover has a countable subcover. The Lindelöf property is a weakening of the more commonly used notion of compactness, which requires the existence of a finite subcover.
A is a topological space such that every subspace of it is Lindelöf. Suc... | Lindelöf space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,138 | [
"General topology",
"Properties of topological spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology"
] |
310,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodge%20star%20operator | In mathematics, the Hodge star operator or Hodge star is a linear map defined on the exterior algebra of a finite-dimensional oriented vector space endowed with a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form. Applying the operator to an element of the algebra produces the Hodge dual of the element. This map was introduced b... | Hodge star operator | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,526 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical structures",
"Tensors",
"Differential forms",
"Category theory",
"Duality theories",
"Geometry",
"Differential operators"
] |
310,921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20algebroid | In mathematics, a Lie algebroid is a vector bundle together with a Lie bracket on its space of sections and a vector bundle morphism , satisfying a Leibniz rule. A Lie algebroid can thus be thought of as a "many-object generalisation" of a Lie algebra.
Lie algebroids play a similar same role in the theory of Lie gro... | Lie algebroid | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,782 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Topology",
"Differential operators",
"Differential topology"
] |
310,923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20groupoid | In mathematics, a Lie groupoid is a groupoid where the set of objects and the set of morphisms are both manifolds, all the category operations (source and target, composition, identity-assigning map and inversion) are smooth, and the source and target operations
are submersions.
A Lie groupoid can thus be thought o... | Lie groupoid | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 5,119 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Algebraic structures",
"Manifolds",
"Geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
310,950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20bundle | In mathematics, a principal bundle is a mathematical object that formalizes some of the essential features of the Cartesian product of a space with a group . In the same way as with the Cartesian product, a principal bundle is equipped with
An action of on , analogous to for a product space.
A projection onto . ... | Principal bundle | [
"Physics"
] | 2,248 | [
"Group actions",
"Symmetry"
] |
311,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%27s%20function | In mathematics, a Green's function (or Green function) is the impulse response of an inhomogeneous linear differential operator defined on a domain with specified initial conditions or boundary conditions.
This means that if is a linear differential operator, then
the Green's function is the solution of the equati... | Green's function | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,122 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Differential equations",
"Equations",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
28,734,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia%20Paradoxa | (Latin for "contradictory animals"; cf. paradox) are the mythical, magical or otherwise suspect animals mentioned in the first five editions of Carl Linnaeus's seminal work under the header "Paradoxa". It lists fantastic creatures found in medieval bestiaries and some animals reported by explorers from abroad and expl... | Animalia Paradoxa | [
"Biology"
] | 1,553 | [
"nan"
] |
28,734,956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20shell | In geometry, a spherical shell is a generalization of an annulus to three dimensions. It is the region of a ball between two concentric spheres of differing radii.
Volume
The volume of a spherical shell is the difference between the enclosed volume of the outer sphere and the enclosed volume of the inner sphere:
whe... | Spherical shell | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 146 | [
"Geometric shapes",
"Euclidean solid geometry",
"Mathematical objects",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Elementary geometry",
"Space",
"Geometric objects",
"Spacetime"
] |
1,350,181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum%20ether | Petroleum ether is the petroleum fraction consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range 35–60 °C, and commonly used as a laboratory solvent. Despite the name, petroleum ether is not an ether; the term is used only figuratively, signifying extreme lightness and volatility.
Properties
The very lightest... | Petroleum ether | [
"Chemistry"
] | 995 | [
"Petroleum",
"Petroleum products"
] |
1,350,243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneaker%20wave | A sneaker wave, also known as a sleeper wave, or in Australia as a king wave, is a disproportionately large coastal wave that can sometimes appear in a wave train without warning.
Terminology
The term "sneaker wave" is popular rather than scientific, derived from the observation that such a wave can "sneak up" on an u... | Sneaker wave | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,670 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Weather hazards",
"Weather",
"Water waves",
"Waves",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,350,362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas%20focusing | Gas focusing, also known as ionic focusing.
Rather than being dispersed, a beam of charged particles travelling in an inert gas environment sometimes becomes narrower. This is ascribed to the generation of gas ions which diffuse outwards, neutralizing the particle beam globally, and producing an intense radial electr... | Gas focusing | [
"Physics"
] | 166 | [
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Plasma physics"
] |
1,350,841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toda%20field%20theory | In mathematics and physics, specifically the study of field theory and partial differential equations, a Toda field theory, named after Morikazu Toda, is specified by a choice of Lie algebra and a specific Lagrangian.
Formulation
Fixing the Lie algebra to have rank , that is, the Cartan subalgebra of the algebra has ... | Toda field theory | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 556 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Integrable systems",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Lattice models",
"Computational physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
1,351,369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand-gated%20ion%20channel | Ligand-gated ion channels (LICs, LGIC), also commonly referred to as ionotropic receptors, are a group of transmembrane ion-channel proteins which open to allow ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, and/or Cl− to pass through the membrane in response to the binding of a chemical messenger (i.e. a ligand), such as a neurotransmit... | Ligand-gated ion channel | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,672 | [
"Cell biology",
"Membrane biology",
"Ionotropic receptors",
"Signal transduction",
"Protein classification",
"Membrane proteins",
"Molecular neuroscience",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Protein families",
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
1,352,016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-ring | A D-ring is an item of hardware, usually a tie-down metal ring shaped like a capital letter 'D' used primarily as a lashing or attachment point. The term is found interchangeably spelled in different forms, such as: D ring, D-ring or dee-ring.
A D-ring may be used at the end of a leather or fabric strap, or may be sec... | D-ring | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 716 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Hardware (mechanical)",
"Construction"
] |
1,352,090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrospinning | Electrospinning is a fiber production method that uses electrical force (based on electrohydrodynamic principles) to draw charged threads of polymer solutions for producing nanofibers with diameters ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Electrospinning shares characteristics of both electrospraying and conventional s... | Electrospinning | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,514 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Materials science"
] |
1,353,128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprobe | A microprobe is an instrument that applies a stable and well-focused beam of charged particles (electrons or ions) to a sample.
Types
When the primary beam consists of accelerated electrons, the probe is termed an electron microprobe, when the primary beam consists of accelerated ions, the term ion microprobe is used.... | Microprobe | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 788 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Microtechnology",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Materials science",
"Measuring instruments",
"Microscopes",
"Microscopy",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
1,984,110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantothermy | Gigantothermy (sometimes called ectothermic homeothermy or inertial homeothermy) is a phenomenon with significance in biology and paleontology, whereby large, bulky ectothermic animals are more easily able to maintain a constant, relatively high body temperature than smaller animals by virtue of their smaller surface-a... | Gigantothermy | [
"Biology"
] | 507 | [
"Thermoregulation",
"Animal size",
"Organism size",
"Homeostasis"
] |
1,984,187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomineralization | Biomineralization, also written biomineralisation, is the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often resulting in hardened or stiffened mineralized tissues. It is an extremely widespread phenomenon: all six taxonomic kingdoms contain members that are able to form minerals, and over 60 different minerals ... | Biomineralization | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 6,469 | [
"Biomineralization",
"Physiology",
"nan",
"Biochemistry",
"Bioinorganic chemistry"
] |
1,984,825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent%20annual%20cost | In finance, the equivalent annual cost (EAC) is the cost per year of owning and operating an asset over its entire lifespan. It is calculated by dividing the negative NPV of a project by the "present value of annuity factor":
, where
where r is the annual interest rate and
t is the number of years.
Alternatively,... | Equivalent annual cost | [
"Engineering"
] | 770 | [
"Engineering economics"
] |
1,984,868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic%20shear%20band | In physics, mechanics and engineering, an adiabatic shear band is one of the many mechanisms of failure that occur in metals and other materials that are deformed at a high rate in processes such as metal forming, machining and ballistic impact. Adiabatic shear bands are usually very narrow bands, typically 5-500 μm wi... | Adiabatic shear band | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 938 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Classical mechanics stubs",
"Classical mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Mechanics"
] |
1,984,978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetogen | An acetogen is a microorganism that generates acetate (CH3COO−) as an end product of anaerobic respiration or fermentation. However, this term is usually employed in a narrower sense only to those bacteria and archaea that perform anaerobic respiration and carbon fixation simultaneously through the reductive acetyl coe... | Acetogen | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 732 | [
"Prokaryotes",
"Anaerobic digestion",
"Bacteria",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology",
"Microorganisms"
] |
1,985,376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl%20methacrylate | Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an organic compound with the formula . This colorless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid (MAA), is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
History
MMA was discovered by Bernhard Tollens and his student W. A. Caspary in 1873, w... | Methyl methacrylate | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,797 | [
"Monomers",
"Commodity chemicals",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Products of chemical industry"
] |
1,986,263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic%20dynamics | In mathematics, symbolic dynamics is the study of dynamical systems defined on a discrete space consisting of infinite sequences of abstract symbols. The evolution of the dynamical system is defined as a simple shift of the sequence.
Because of their explicit, discrete nature, such systems are often relatively easy t... | Symbolic dynamics | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 938 | [
"Symbolic dynamics",
"Combinatorics",
"Mechanics",
"Combinatorics on words",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,987,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20hole%20electron | In physics, there is a speculative hypothesis that if there were a black hole with the same mass, charge and angular momentum as an electron, it would share other properties of the electron. Most notably, Brandon Carter showed in 1968 that the magnetic moment of such an object would match that of an electron. This is i... | Black hole electron | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 968 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Black holes",
"Physical quantities",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Quantum gravity",
"Density",
"Hypothetical elementary particles",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical objects",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
1,987,293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact%20angle | The contact angle (symbol ) is the angle between a liquid surface and a solid surface where they meet. More specifically, it is the angle between the surface tangent on the liquid–vapor interface and the tangent on the solid–liquid interface at their intersection.
It quantifies the wettability of a solid surface by a l... | Contact angle | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,330 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Surface science",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Civil engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Angle",
... |
1,987,765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutment | An abutment is the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam supporting its superstructure. Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that provide vertical and lateral support for the span, as well as acting as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen fill of the bridge approach. Multi-span... | Abutment | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 439 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Foundations (buildings and structures)",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Bridge components",
"Components",
"Bridges"
] |
1,988,114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XLispStat | XLispStat is a statistical scientific package based on the XLISP language.
Many free statistical software like ARC (nonlinear curve fitting problems) and ViSta are based on this package.
It includes a variety of statistical functions and methods, including routines for nonlinear curve fit. Many add-on packages have b... | XLispStat | [
"Mathematics"
] | 290 | [
"Statistical software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
1,988,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savitzky%E2%80%93Golay%20filter | A Savitzky–Golay filter is a digital filter that can be applied to a set of digital data points for the purpose of smoothing the data, that is, to increase the precision of the data without distorting the signal tendency. This is achieved, in a process known as convolution, by fitting successive sub-sets of adjacent da... | Savitzky–Golay filter | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,448 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Filter theory"
] |
27,103,948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute%20beryllium%20poisoning | Acute beryllium poisoning is acute chemical pneumonitis resulting from the toxic effect of beryllium in its elemental form or in various chemical compounds, and is distinct from berylliosis (also called chronic beryllium disease). After occupational safety procedures were put into place following the realization that t... | Acute beryllium poisoning | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 469 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Element toxicology",
"Properties of chemical elements",
"Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements",
"Biochemistry"
] |
27,106,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20and%20World%20War%20II | Both the United States and Nazi Germany used IBM-punched card technology for some parts of their operations and record keeping.
By country
Germany
In Germany, during World War II, IBM engaged in business practices which have been the source of controversy. Much attention focuses on the role of IBM's German subsidiar... | IBM and World War II | [
"Technology"
] | 732 | [
"Science and technology during World War II",
"Science and technology by war"
] |
27,108,670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure-based%20assignment | Structure-Based Assignment (SBA) is a technique to accelerate the resonance assignment which is a key bottleneck of NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) structural biology. A homologous (similar) protein is used as a template to the target protein in SBA. This template protein provides prior structural information about t... | Structure-based assignment | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 189 | [
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
27,108,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20therapy%20for%20color%20blindness | Gene therapy for color blindness is an experimental gene therapy of the human retina aiming to grant typical trichromatic color vision to individuals with congenital color blindness by introducing typical alleles for opsin genes. Animal testing for gene therapy began in 2007 with a 2009 breakthrough in squirrel monkeys... | Gene therapy for color blindness | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 2,487 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Gene therapy",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology"
] |
27,110,987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20therapy%20of%20the%20human%20retina | Retinal gene therapy holds a promise in treating different forms of non-inherited and inherited blindness.
In 2008, three independent research groups reported that patients with the rare genetic retinal disease Leber's congenital amaurosis had been successfully treated using gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (A... | Gene therapy of the human retina | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 4,374 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genetic engineering",
"Gene therapy",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Gene delivery"
] |
24,186,720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCF%20notation | In the mathematical field of graph theory, LCF notation or LCF code is a notation devised by Joshua Lederberg, and extended by H. S. M. Coxeter and Robert Frucht, for the representation of cubic graphs that contain a Hamiltonian cycle. The cycle itself includes two out of the three adjacencies for each vertex, and the ... | LCF notation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 610 | [
"Graph description languages",
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory"
] |
24,187,079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17H13ClN4 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C17H13ClN4}}
The molecular formula C17H13ClN4 (molar mass: 308.76 g/mol, exact mass: 308.0829 u) may refer to:
Alprazolam
4'-Chlorodeschloroalprazolam
Liarozole
Molecular formulas | C17H13ClN4 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 76 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,188,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20gastropod%20terms | The following is a glossary of common English language and scientific terms used in the description of gastropods.
Abapical – away from the apex of a shell toward the base
Acephalous – Headless.
Acinose – Full of small bulgings; resembling the kernel in a nut.
Aculeate – Very sharply pointed, as the teeth on th... | Glossary of gastropod terms | [
"Biology"
] | 4,079 | [
"Glossaries of zoology",
"Glossaries of biology"
] |
24,188,897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouging | Rouging is a form of corrosion found in stainless steel. It can be due to iron contamination of the stainless steel surface due to welding of non-stainless steel for support columns, or other temporary means, which when welded off leaves a low chromium area.
There are three classes of rouging: Class I, Class II, and C... | Rouging | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 171 | [
"Mechanical engineering stubs",
"Metallurgy",
"Corrosion",
"Electrochemistry",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Electrochemistry stubs",
"Materials degradation",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Chemical process stubs"
] |
18,934,464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embrace%2C%20extend%2C%20and%20extinguish | "Embrace, extend, and extinguish" (EEE), also known as "embrace, extend, and exterminate", is a phrase that the U.S. Department of Justice found was used internally by Microsoft to describe its strategy for entering product categories involving widely used open standards, extending those standards with proprietary capa... | Embrace, extend, and extinguish | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,492 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Interoperability"
] |
18,934,536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADSL | Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. ADSL differs from the less common symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL).... | ADSL | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 3,334 | [
"Computing terminology",
"Internet terminology",
"Symmetry",
"Asymmetry"
] |
18,935,256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrothermal%20instability |
The electrothermal instability (also known as ionization instability, non-equilibrium instability or Velikhov instability in the literature) is a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability appearing in magnetized non-thermal plasmas used in MHD converters. It was first theoretically discovered in 1962 and experimentally me... | Electrothermal instability | [
"Physics"
] | 1,838 | [
"Plasma phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Plasma instabilities"
] |
25,590,312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitomagnetic%20time%20delay | According to general relativity, a massive spinning body endowed with angular momentum S will alter the space-time fabric around it in such a way that several effects on moving test particles and propagating electromagnetic waves occur.
In particular, the direction of motion with respect to the sense of rotation of t... | Gravitomagnetic time delay | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 222 | [
"Vector spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"General relativity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity",
"Spacetime"
] |
25,590,565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp-SAT | In computer science, the Sharp Satisfiability Problem (sometimes called Sharp-SAT, #SAT or model counting) is the problem of counting the number of interpretations that satisfy a given Boolean formula, introduced by Valiant in 1979. In other words, it asks in how many ways the variables of a given Boolean formula can b... | Sharp-SAT | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,503 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Automated theorem proving",
"Computational problems",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Satisfiability problems"
] |
25,591,082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nano%20%28journal%29 | Nano is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal published by World Scientific, covering recent developments and discussions in the field of nanoscience and technology. Topics covered include nanomaterials, characterization tools, fabrication methods, numerical simulation, and theory.
Established in 2006, the... | Nano (journal) | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 164 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science journal stubs",
"Nanotechnology journals",
"Materials science",
"Nanotechnology stubs",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
25,591,159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service%20Interoperability%20in%20Ethernet%20Passive%20Optical%20Networks | The Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (SIEPON) working group proposed the IEEE 1904.1 standard for managing telecommunications networks.
Description
Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is a technology for fiber to the x access networks, with millions subscriber lines.
In response to r... | Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks | [
"Engineering"
] | 254 | [
"Network architecture",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
25,595,552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural%20microbiology | Agricultural microbiology is a branch of microbiology dealing with plant-associated microbes and plant and animal diseases. It also deals with the microbiology of soil fertility, such as microbial degradation of organic matter and soil nutrient transformations. The primary goal of agricultural microbiology is to compre... | Agricultural microbiology | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,229 | [
"Microbiology",
"Microscopy"
] |
25,597,490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20neutrino%20problem | The solar neutrino problem concerned a large discrepancy between the flux of solar neutrinos as predicted from the Sun's luminosity and as measured directly. The discrepancy was first observed in the mid-1960s and was resolved around 2002.
The flux of neutrinos at Earth is several tens of billions per square centimetr... | Solar neutrino problem | [
"Physics"
] | 1,854 | [
"Particle physics"
] |
25,598,253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey%20atmosphere | The grey atmosphere (or gray) is a useful set of approximations made for radiative transfer applications in studies of stellar atmospheres (atmospheres of stars) based on the simplified notion that the absorption coefficient of matter within a star's atmosphere is constant—that is, unchanging—for all frequencies of th... | Grey atmosphere | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,100 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Observational astronomy",
"Astrophysics"
] |
5,039,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20moment%20of%20area | The first moment of area is based on the mathematical construct moments in metric spaces. It is a measure of the spatial distribution of a shape in relation to an axis.
The first moment of area of a shape, about a certain axis, equals the sum over all the infinitesimal parts of the shape of the area of that part time... | First moment of area | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 496 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mechanics",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
5,039,858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear%20flow | In fluid dynamics, shear flow is the flow induced by a force in a fluid. In solid mechanics, shear flow is the shear stress over a distance in a thin-walled structure.
In solid mechanics
For thin-walled profiles, such as that through a beam or semi-monocoque structure, the shear stress distribution through the thickne... | Shear flow | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,098 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
5,041,589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocollimator | An autocollimator is an optical instrument for non-contact measurement of angles. They are typically used to align components and measure deflections in optical or mechanical systems. An autocollimator works by projecting an image onto a target mirror and measuring the deflection of the returned image against a scale, ... | Autocollimator | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 871 | [
"Measuring instruments"
] |
5,042,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofiring | Co-firing (also referred to as complementary firing or co-combustion) is the combustion of two different fuels in the same combustion system. Fuels can be solid fuels, liquid fuels or gaseous, and its source either fossil or renewable. Therefore, use of heavy fuel oil assisting coal power stations may technically be co... | Cofiring | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 124 | [
"Combustion engineering",
"Incineration",
"Combustion",
"Chemical reaction stubs",
"Chemical process stubs"
] |
5,047,113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20Physics%20Laboratory%20%28Saskatchewan%29 | The Plasma Physics Laboratory at the University of Saskatchewan was established in 1959 by H. M. Skarsgard. Early work centered on research with a Betatron.
Facilities
STOR-1M
STOR-1M is Canada's first tokamak built in 1983. In 1987 STOR-1M was the world’s first demonstration of alternating current in a tokamak.
ST... | Plasma Physics Laboratory (Saskatchewan) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 251 | [
"Nuclear research institutes",
"Nuclear organizations",
"Plasma physics",
"Fusion power",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Plasma physics facilities",
"Nuclear fusion"
] |
5,047,118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range%20%28particle%20radiation%29 | In passing through matter, charged particles ionize and thus lose energy in many steps, until their energy is (almost) zero. The distance to this point is called the range of the particle. The range depends on the type of particle, on its initial energy and on the material through which it passes.
For example, if the ... | Range (particle radiation) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 541 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Waves",
"Radiation",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs"
] |
6,630,855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfersome | Transfersome is a proprietary drug delivery technology, an artificial vesicle designed to exhibit the characteristics of a cell vesicle suitable for controlled and potentially targeted drug delivery. Some evidence has shown efficacy for its use for drug delivery without causing skin irritation, potentially being used t... | Transfersome | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 84 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Cell biology",
"Drug delivery devices",
"Nanomedicine",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
6,632,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine%20cart | An engine cart is an engine support on rollers used at an engine test stand. For example, the combustion engine is mounted on this mobile support for holding the engine in an accurate position during the test.
Compared to a fixed support, the engine cart is used for preparing the combustion engine outside the test sta... | Engine cart | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 90 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Engine technology",
"Engines"
] |
6,633,988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coker%20unit | A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the vacuum distillation column into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy gas oils, and petroleum coke. The process thermally cracks the long chain hydrocarbon molecules in the residual oil feed into ... | Coker unit | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 304 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Oil refineries",
"Petroleum",
"Oil refining",
"nan"
] |
21,227,565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid%20state%20ionics | Solid-state ionics is the study of ionic-electronic mixed conductor and fully ionic conductors (solid electrolytes) and their uses. Some materials that fall into this category include inorganic crystalline and polycrystalline solids, ceramics, glasses, polymers, and composites. Solid-state ionic devices, such as solid ... | Solid state ionics | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,235 | [
"Electrochemistry"
] |
21,227,807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20demethylation | For molecular biology in mammals, DNA demethylation causes replacement of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in a DNA sequence by cytosine (C) (see figure of 5mC and C). DNA demethylation can occur by an active process at the site of a 5mC in a DNA sequence or, in replicating cells, by preventing addition of methyl groups to DNA s... | DNA demethylation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,951 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Methylation",
"Molecular biology"
] |
882,160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accordion%20effect | In physics, the accordion effect (also known as the slinky effect, concertina effect, elastic band effect, and string instability) occurs when fluctuations in the motion of a traveling body cause disruptions in the flow of elements following it. This can happen in road traffic, foot marching, bicycle and motor racing, ... | Accordion effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 294 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Waves",
"Motion (physics)",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
882,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untouchable%20number | In mathematics, an untouchable number is a positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of all the proper divisors of any positive integer. That is, these numbers are not in the image of the aliquot sum function. Their study goes back at least to Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (circa 1000 AD), who observed that both 2 ... | Untouchable number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 766 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Integer sequences",
"Mathematical structures",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Arithmetic dynamics",
"Combinatorics",
"Numbers",
"Number theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
882,427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorial%20grammar | Categorial grammar is a family of formalisms in natural language syntax that share the central assumption that syntactic constituents combine as functions and arguments. Categorial grammar posits a close relationship between the syntax and semantic composition, since it typically treats syntactic categories as correspo... | Categorial grammar | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 3,233 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical linguistics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Formal languages",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical objects",
"Computational linguistics",
"Type theory",
"Natural language and computing"
] |
882,729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-throughput%20screening | High-throughput screening (HTS) is a method for scientific discovery especially used in drug discovery and relevant to the fields of biology, materials science and chemistry. Using robotics, data processing/control software, liquid handling devices, and sensitive detectors, high-throughput screening allows a researcher... | High-throughput screening | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,572 | [
"Life sciences industry",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Drug discovery"
] |
882,793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%20superalgebra | In mathematics, a Poisson superalgebra is a Z2-graded generalization of a Poisson algebra. Specifically, a Poisson superalgebra is an (associative) superalgebra A together with a second product, a Lie superbracket
such that (A, [·,·]) is a Lie superalgebra and the operator
is a superderivation of A:
Here, is the gr... | Poisson superalgebra | [
"Physics"
] | 311 | [
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry",
"Super linear algebra"
] |
882,936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambu%20mechanics | In mathematics, Nambu mechanics is a generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics involving multiple Hamiltonians. Recall that Hamiltonian mechanics is based upon the flows generated by a smooth Hamiltonian over a symplectic manifold. The flows are symplectomorphisms and hence obey Liouville's theorem. This was soon genera... | Nambu mechanics | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 504 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Hamiltonian mechanics",
"Mathematical physics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
883,034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerstenhaber%20algebra | In mathematics and theoretical physics, a Gerstenhaber algebra (sometimes called an antibracket algebra or braid algebra) is an algebraic structure discovered by Murray Gerstenhaber (1963) that combines the structures of a supercommutative ring and a graded Lie superalgebra. It is used in the Batalin–Vilkovisky formali... | Gerstenhaber algebra | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 602 | [
"Algebra stubs",
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebras",
"Theoretical physics",
"Algebraic structures",
"Theoretical physics stubs",
"Algebra"
] |
883,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massless%20particle | In particle physics, a massless particle is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero. At present the only confirmed massless particle is the photon.
Other particles and quasiparticles
Standard Model gauge bosons
The photon (carrier of electromagnetism) is one of two known gauge bosons that are both believe... | Massless particle | [
"Physics"
] | 530 | [
"Special relativity",
"Particle physics",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
883,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray%20spectrometer | A gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is an instrument for measuring the distribution (or spectrum—see figure) of the intensity of gamma radiation versus the energy of each photon.
The study and analysis of gamma-ray spectra for scientific and technical use is called gamma spectroscopy, and gamma-ray spectrometers are the ins... | Gamma-ray spectrometer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,090 | [
"Spectrometers",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
883,683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropospheric%20Emission%20Spectrometer | Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer or TES was a satellite instrument designed to measure the state of the earth's troposphere.
Overview
TES was a high-resolution infrared Fourier Transform spectrometer and provided key data for studying tropospheric chemistry, troposphere-biosphere interaction, and troposphere-stratos... | Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 186 | [
"Spectrometers",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
883,703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine%20%28baseball%29 | In baseball, a submarine is a pitch in which the ball is released often just above the ground, but not underhanded, with the torso bent at a right angle, and shoulders tilted so severely that they rotate around a nearly horizontal axis. This is in stark contrast to the underhand softball pitch in which the torso remain... | Submarine (baseball) | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 673 | [
"Biomechanics",
"Behavior",
"Motor skills",
"Motor control",
"Mechanics"
] |
884,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klein%E2%80%93Nishina%20formula | In particle physics, the Klein–Nishina formula gives the differential cross section (i.e. the "likelihood" and angular distribution) of photons scattered from a single free electron, calculated in the lowest order of quantum electrodynamics. It was first derived in 1928 by Oskar Klein and Yoshio Nishina, constituting o... | Klein–Nishina formula | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 876 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Scattering",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
884,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ely%20Cathedral | Ely Cathedral, formally the , is an Anglican cathedral in the city of Ely, Cambridgeshire, England.
The cathedral can trace its origin to the abbey founded in Ely in 672 by St Æthelthryth (also called Etheldreda). The earliest parts of the present building date to 1083, and it was granted cathedral status in 1109. Unt... | Ely Cathedral | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 10,061 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glass museums and galleries"
] |
885,382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20mirror | An acoustic mirror is a passive device used to reflect and focus (concentrate) sound waves. Parabolic acoustic mirrors are widely used in parabolic microphones to pick up sound from great distances, employed in surveillance and reporting of outdoor sporting events. Pairs of large parabolic acoustic mirrors which funct... | Acoustic mirror | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,256 | [
"Safety engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Warning systems"
] |
31,313,402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic%20conduction%20in%20single-walled%20carbon%20nanotubes | Single-walled carbon nanotubes in the fields of quantum mechanics and nanoelectronics, have the ability to conduct electricity. This conduction can be ballistic, diffusive, or based on scattering. When ballistic in nature conductance can be treated as if the electrons experience no scattering.
Conductance quantization... | Ballistic conduction in single-walled carbon nanotubes | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,812 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Charge carriers",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanoelectronics",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
31,314,192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20horizon | A spring horizon or spring line is an impervious layer of rock reaching the surface, along which springs emerge. Since aquifers and impervious strata often lie on top of one another in horizontal layers, adjacent contact springs often emerge at the same height along a line called the spring horizon.
References
Sprin... | Spring horizon | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 68 | [
"Hydrology",
"Hydrology stubs",
"Springs (hydrology)"
] |
30,178,320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex%20of%20a%20representation | In mathematical finite group theory, the vertex of a representation of a finite group is a subgroup associated to it, that has a special representation called a source. Vertices and sources were introduced by .
References
Representation theory
Finite groups | Vertex of a representation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 45 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Finite groups",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures",
"Representation theory"
] |
30,185,050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty%20lattice%20approximation | The empty lattice approximation is a theoretical electronic band structure model in which the potential is periodic and weak (close to constant). One may also consider an empty irregular lattice, in which the potential is not even periodic. The empty lattice approximation describes a number of properties of energy disp... | Empty lattice approximation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,033 | [
"Electron",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum models",
"Electronic band structures",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
30,188,279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleostress | Paleostress is a term used in geology (specifically in the fields of structural geology and tectonics) to indicate mechanical stress that has affected rock formations in the geological past.
In practice, a paleostress tensor may be quantified based on the measurement of certain geological structures (e.g. faults), who... | Paleostress | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 557 | [
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Materials science"
] |
30,189,546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent%20chloride%20sensor | Fluorescent chloride sensors are used for chemical analysis. The discoveries of chloride (Cl−) participations in physiological processes stimulates the measurements of intracellular Cl− in live cells and the development of fluorescent tools referred below.
Quinoline-based dyes
quinolinium - based Cl− indicators are ba... | Fluorescent chloride sensor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 851 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"nan",
"Salts"
] |
20,135,689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilover | A boilover (or boil-over) is an extremely hazardous phenomenon in which a layer of water under a pool fire (e.g., an open-top tank fire) starts boiling, which results in a significant increase in fire intensity accompanied by violent expulsion of burning fluid to the surrounding areas. Boilover can only occur if the li... | Boilover | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,898 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"Safety engineering",
"Process safety"
] |
20,137,770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-bracing | X-bracing is a structural engineering practice where the lateral load on a building is reduced by transferring the load into the exterior columns.
X-bracing was used in the construction of the 1908 Singer Building, then the tallest building in the world.
Some skyscrapers by engineer Fazlur Khan, such as the 1969 Joh... | X-bracing | [
"Engineering"
] | 110 | [
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Structural engineering"
] |
20,142,316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrasolar%20Planets%20Encyclopaedia | The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (also known as Encyclopaedia of exoplanetary systems and Catalogue of Exoplanets) is an astronomy website, founded in Paris, France at the Meudon Observatory by Jean Schneider in February 1995, which maintains a database of all the currently known and candidate extrasolar planets, w... | Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia | [
"Astronomy"
] | 406 | [
"Astronomical databases",
"Works about astronomy",
"Astronomy websites"
] |
20,144,342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial%20anaerobic%20corrosion | Bacterial anaerobic corrosion is the bacterially-induced oxidation of metals. Corrosion of metals typically alters the metal to a form that is more stable. Thus, bacterial anaerobic corrosion typically occurs in conditions favorable to the corrosion of the underlying substrate. In humid, anoxic conditions the corrosion... | Bacterial anaerobic corrosion | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 678 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Prokaryotes",
"Corrosion",
"Biochemical reactions",
"Electrochemistry",
"Bacteria",
"Biochemistry",
"Materials degradation",
"Microorganisms"
] |
20,144,524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic%20corrosion | Anaerobic corrosion (also known as hydrogen corrosion) is a form of metal corrosion occurring in anoxic water. Typically following aerobic corrosion, anaerobic corrosion involves a redox reaction that reduces hydrogen ions and oxidizes a solid metal. This process can occur in either abiotic conditions through a thermod... | Anaerobic corrosion | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 691 | [
"Materials degradation",
"Electrochemistry",
"Metallurgy",
"Corrosion"
] |
3,723,978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20Chemistry%20Chemical%20Physics | Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research and review articles on any aspect of physical chemistry, chemical physics, and biophysical chemistry. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry on behalf of eighteen participating societies. The editor-in-chief ... | Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics | [
"Chemistry"
] | 447 | [
"Physical chemistry journals",
"Chemical physics journals"
] |
3,728,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden%20subgroup%20problem | The hidden subgroup problem (HSP) is a topic of research in mathematics and theoretical computer science. The framework captures problems such as factoring, discrete logarithm, graph isomorphism, and the shortest vector problem. This makes it especially important in the theory of quantum computing because Shor's algori... | Hidden subgroup problem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,157 | [
"Group theory",
"Applied mathematics",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Theoretical computer science"
] |
3,728,323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20Ia%20supernova | A Type Ia supernova (read: "type one-A") is a type of supernova that occurs in binary systems (two stars orbiting one another) in which one of the stars is a white dwarf. The other star can be anything from a giant star to an even smaller white dwarf.
Physically, carbon–oxygen white dwarfs with a low rate of rotation ... | Type Ia supernova | [
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 3,379 | [
"Supernovae",
"Astronomical events",
"Explosions"
] |
3,728,348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN%201994D | SN 1994D was a Type Ia supernova event in the outskirts of galaxy NGC 4526. It was offset by west and south of the galaxy center and positioned near a prominent dust lane. It was caused by the explosion of a white dwarf star composed of carbon and oxygen. This event was discovered on March 7, 1994 by R. R. Treffers a... | SN 1994D | [
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 200 | [
"Supernovae",
"Astronomical events",
"Virgo (constellation)",
"Constellations",
"Explosions"
] |
25,609,547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%20beam%20writing | Proton beam writing (or p-beam writing) is a direct-write lithography process that uses a focused beam of high-energy (MeV) protons to pattern resist material at nanodimensions. The process, although similar in many ways to direct writing using electrons, nevertheless offers some interesting and unique advantages.
Pro... | Proton beam writing | [
"Materials_science"
] | 565 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Microtechnology",
"Lithography (microfabrication)"
] |
25,613,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20air%20heat | Solar air heating is a solar thermal technology in which the energy from the sun, insolation, is captured by an absorbing medium and used to heat air. Solar air heating is a renewable energy heating technology used to heat or condition air for buildings or process heat applications. It is typically the most cost-effect... | Solar air heat | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,117 | [
"Construction",
"Sustainable building",
"Building engineering"
] |
24,198,544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1jek%E2%80%93Le%20Cam%20convolution%20theorem | In statistics, the Hájek–Le Cam convolution theorem states that any regular estimator in a parametric model is asymptotically equivalent to a sum of two independent random variables, one of which is normal with asymptotic variance equal to the inverse of Fisher information, and the other having arbitrary distribution.
... | Hájek–Le Cam convolution theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 369 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in statistics"
] |
24,200,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein%E2%80%93Barr%20virus%20small%20nucleolar%20RNA%201 | V-snoRNA1 is a box CD-snoRNA identified in B lymphocytes infected with the Epstein–Barr virus (human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4)). This snoRNA is the first known example of a snoRNA expressed from a viral genome. It is homologous to eukaryotic snoRNAs because it contains the C and D boxes sequence motifs but lacks a terminal... | Epstein–Barr virus small nucleolar RNA 1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 257 | [
"Molecular genetics",
"Molecular biology"
] |
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