id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20,216,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-423579 | A-423,579 is one of a range of histamine antagonists developed by Abbott Laboratories which are selective for the H3 subtype, and have stimulant and anorectic effects in animal studies making them potentially useful treatments for obesity. A-423,579 has improved characteristics over earlier drugs in the series with bot... | A-423579 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 123 | [
"Nitriles",
"Functional groups"
] |
20,218,245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huabiao | Huabiao () is a type of ceremonial column used in traditional Chinese architecture. Huabiao are traditionally erected in pairs in front of palaces and tombs. The prominence of their placement have made them one of the emblems of traditional Chinese culture. When placed outside palaces, they can also be called bangmu ()... | Huabiao | [
"Technology"
] | 1,093 | [
"Structural system",
"Columns and entablature"
] |
20,220,596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20force-field%20implementations | This is a table of notable computer programs implementing molecular mechanics force fields.
See also
Force field (chemistry)
List of software for Monte Carlo molecular modeling
Molecular mechanics
Molecular design software
Molecule editor
Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling
Molecular modeling on GP... | Comparison of force-field implementations | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 60 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Computing comparisons",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Molecular modelling",
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry",
"Software comparisons",
"Force fields (chemistry)"
] |
20,220,938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic%20coefficient | An osmotic coefficient is a quantity which characterises the deviation of a solvent from ideal behaviour, referenced to Raoult's law. It can be also applied to solutes. Its definition depends on the ways of expressing chemical composition of mixtures.
The osmotic coefficient based on molality m is defined by:
and on... | Osmotic coefficient | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 552 | [
"Physical chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"nan"
] |
25,671,436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-organ | In tissue engineering, neo-organ is the final structure of a procedure based on transplantation consisting of endogenous stem/progenitor cells grown ex vivo within predesigned matrix scaffolds. Current organ donation faces the problems of patients waiting to match for an organ and the possible risk of the patient's bod... | Neo-organ | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,010 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Cloning",
"Chemical engineering",
"Tissue engineering",
"Medical technology"
] |
25,671,808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene-activated%20matrix | In gene-activated matrix technology (GAM), cytokines and growth factors could be delivered not as recombinant proteins but as plasmid genes. GAM is one of the tissue engineering approaches to wound healing. Following gene delivery, the recombinant cytokine could be expressed in situ by endogenous would healing cells – ... | Gene-activated matrix | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 148 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Bioengineering stubs",
"Cloning",
"Chemical engineering",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Tissue engineering",
"Medical technology"
] |
25,672,736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20restriction%20enzyme%20cutting%20sites | A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is a special type of biological macromolecule that functions as part of the "immune system" in bacteria. One special kind of restriction enzymes is the class of "homing endonucleases", these being present in all three domains of life, although their function seems to be ... | List of restriction enzyme cutting sites | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 457 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Molecular-biology-related lists",
"Biotechnology",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins",
"Restriction enzymes"
] |
25,672,752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20inverse%20scattering%20method | In quantum physics, the quantum inverse scattering method (QISM), similar to the closely related algebraic Bethe ansatz, is a method for solving integrable models in 1+1 dimensions, introduced by Leon Takhtajan and L. D. Faddeev in 1979.
It can be viewed as a quantized version of the classical inverse scattering metho... | Quantum inverse scattering method | [
"Physics"
] | 629 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
25,673,677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Green%20Revolution | The Second Green Revolution is a change in agricultural production widely thought necessary to feed and sustain the growing population on Earth.
These calls came about as a response to rising food commodity prices and fears of peak oil, among other factors.
It is named after the Green Revolution.
Usage
A 1981 article... | Second Green Revolution | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 361 | [
"Eutrophication",
"Genetic engineering and agriculture",
"Intensive farming",
"Genetic engineering"
] |
25,676,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleonica | Nucleonica is a nuclear science web portal created by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. which was later spun off to the company Nucleonica GmbH in March 2011.
History
The company Nucleonica GmbH was founded by Dr. Joseph Magill in 2011 as a spin-off from the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, ... | Nucleonica | [
"Physics"
] | 250 | [
"Nuclear physics"
] |
25,678,212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%20rainfall%20climatology | Earth rainfall climatology Is the study of rainfall, a sub-field of meteorology. Formally, a wider study includes water falling as ice crystals, i.e. hail, sleet, snow (parts of the hydrological cycle known as precipitation). The aim of rainfall climatology is to measure, understand and predict rain distribution across... | Earth rainfall climatology | [
"Physics"
] | 4,064 | [
"Weather",
"Physical phenomena",
"Climate and weather statistics"
] |
2,801,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handle%20decompositions%20of%203-manifolds | In mathematics, a handle decomposition of a 3-manifold allows simplification of the original 3-manifold into pieces which are easier to study.
Heegaard splittings
An important method used to decompose into handlebodies is the Heegaard splitting, which gives a decomposition in two handlebodies of equal genus.
Examples... | Handle decompositions of 3-manifolds | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 321 | [
"Spacetime",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry"
] |
2,801,321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20covalent%20chemistry | Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) is a synthetic strategy employed by chemists to make complex molecular and supramolecular assemblies from discrete molecular building blocks. DCvC has allowed access to complex assemblies such as covalent organic frameworks, molecular knots, polymers, and novel macrocycles. Not to be c... | Dynamic covalent chemistry | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,134 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"nan",
"Supramolecular chemistry"
] |
2,801,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20acidification | Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean. Between 1950 and 2020, the average pH of the ocean surface fell from approximately 8.15 to 8.05. Carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are the primary cause of ocean acidification, with atmospheric carbon dioxide () levels exceeding 42... | Ocean acidification | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 9,658 | [
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Oceanography",
"Chemical oceanography",
"Ecosystems",
"nan",
"Aquatic ecology"
] |
2,802,690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Research%20Universal%20reactor | The National Research Universal (NRU) reactor was a 135 MW nuclear research reactor built in the Chalk River Laboratories, Ontario, one of Canada’s national science facilities. It was a multipurpose science facility that served three main roles. It generated radionuclides used to treat or diagnose over 20 million peopl... | National Research Universal reactor | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,610 | [
"Nuclear accidents and incidents",
"Nuclear medicine organizations",
"Nuclear organizations",
"Radioactivity"
] |
30,280,089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochner%E2%80%93Martinelli%20formula | In mathematics, the Bochner–Martinelli formula is a generalization of the Cauchy integral formula to functions of several complex variables, introduced by and .
History
Bochner–Martinelli kernel
For , in the Bochner–Martinelli kernel is a differential form in of bidegree defined by
(where the term is omitted... | Bochner–Martinelli formula | [
"Mathematics"
] | 262 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Several complex variables",
"Theorems in complex analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
6,710,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picamar | Picamar is a colorless, hydrocarbon oil extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar with a peculiar odor and bitter taste. It consists of derivatives of pyrogallol. It was discovered by German chemist Carl Reichenbach in the 1830s. Picamar can be used to lubricate machinery.
Chemical and physical properties
The exact... | Picamar | [
"Chemistry"
] | 320 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Hydrocarbons"
] |
6,710,186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capnomor | Capnomor (from Greek smoke + part) is a colorless oil with an aromatic odor which is extracted by distillation from beechwood tar. Its specific gravity is 0.9775 at 20 °C and boiling point is 185 °C. It was discovered in the 1830s by the German chemist Baron Karl von Reichenbach.
References
Hydrocarbons | Capnomor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 72 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Hydrocarbons"
] |
6,710,586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taping%20knife | A taping knife or joint knife is a drywall tool with a wide blade for spreading joint compound, also known as "mud". It can be used to spread mud over nail and screw indents in new drywall applications and is also used when using paper or fiberglass drywall tape to cover seams. Other common uses include patching holes,... | Taping knife | [
"Physics"
] | 169 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical hand tools"
] |
6,711,184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTLS | VTLS Inc. was a global company that provided library automation software and services to a diverse customer base of more than 1900 libraries in 44 countries. The for-profit company was founded in 1985 by Dr. Vinod Chachra, who became the President and CEO of the company. VTLS originated as "Virginia Tech Library System... | VTLS | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,022 | [
"Library automation",
"Automation"
] |
6,713,413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic%20probe | A logic probe is a low-cost hand-held test probe used for analyzing and troubleshooting the logical states (boolean 0 or 1) of a digital circuit. When many signals need to be observed or recorded simultaneously, a logic analyzer is used instead.
Overview
While most logic probes are powered by the circuit under test, ... | Logic probe | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 471 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Electronic test equipment",
"Measuring instruments",
"Digital electronics"
] |
6,713,437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubling%20time | The doubling time is the time it takes for a population to double in size/value. It is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, compound interest, the volume of malignant tumours, and many other things that tend to grow over time. When the relative growth rate (not the absolu... | Doubling time | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 967 | [
"Epidemiology",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Applied mathematics",
"Temporal exponentials",
"Spacetime",
"Mathematics in medicine",
"Environmental social science"
] |
34,367,597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-enforcing%20agreement | A self-enforcing agreement is an agreement that is enforced only by the parties to it; no external party can enforce or interfere with the agreement. (In this respect it differs from an enforceable contract.) The agreement will stand so long as the parties believe it is mutually beneficial and it is not breached by a... | Self-enforcing agreement | [
"Mathematics"
] | 124 | [
"Game theory",
"Game theory equilibrium concepts"
] |
34,368,888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myokine | A myokine is one of several hundred cytokines or other small proteins (~5–20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and released by skeletal muscle cells (muscle fibers) in response to muscular contractions. They have autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects; their systemic effects occur at picomolar con... | Myokine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,611 | [
"Cell communication",
"Cell biology",
"Signal transduction",
"Cytokines",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
34,372,981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradsher%20cycloaddition | The Bradsher cycloaddition reaction, also known as the Bradsher cyclization reaction is a form of the Diels–Alder reaction which involves the [4+2] addition of a common dienophile with a cationic aromatic azadiene such as acridizinium or isoquinolinium.
The Bradsher cycloaddition was first reported by C. K. Bradsher ... | Bradsher cycloaddition | [
"Chemistry"
] | 108 | [
"Name reactions"
] |
34,373,016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallacarboxylic%20acid | A metallacarboxylic acid is a metal complex with the ligand CO2H. These compounds are intermediates in reactions that involve carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, these species are intermediates in the water gas shift reaction. Metallacarboxylic acids are also called hydroxycarbonyls.
Preparation
Metallacarboxylic acid... | Metallacarboxylic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 447 | [
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
34,375,922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattauch%20isobar%20rule | The Mattauch isobar rule, formulated by Josef Mattauch in 1934, states that if two adjacent elements on the periodic table have isotopes of the same mass number, one of the isotopes must be radioactive. Two nuclides that have the same mass number (isobars) can both be stable only if their atomic numbers differ by more ... | Mattauch isobar rule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 738 | [
"Radioactivity",
"Isotopes",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
3,758,415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadcap | Nadcap (formerly NADCAP, the National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program) is a global cooperative accreditation program for aerospace engineering, defense and related industries.
History of Nadcap
The Nadcap program is administered by the Performance Review Institute (PRI). Nadcap was established ... | Nadcap | [
"Engineering"
] | 911 | [
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
3,758,605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martingale%20representation%20theorem | In probability theory, the martingale representation theorem states that a random variable that is measurable with respect to the filtration generated by a Brownian motion can be written in terms of an Itô integral with respect to this Brownian motion.
The theorem only asserts the existence of the representation and d... | Martingale representation theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 444 | [
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
3,762,839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PelB%20leader%20sequence | The pelB leader sequence is a sequence of amino acids which, when attached to a protein, directs the protein to the bacterial periplasm, where the sequence is removed by a signal peptidase. Specifically, pelB refers to pectate lyase B of Erwinia carotovora CE. The leader sequence consists of the 22 N-terminal amino aci... | PelB leader sequence | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 338 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Biological engineering",
"Bioengineering stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Prokaryotes",
"Genetic engineering",
"Amino acids",
"Bacteria",
"Molecular biology",
"Microorganisms"
] |
21,294,790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20Environmental%20Modeling%20System%20for%20Surfacewaters | Generalized Environmental Modeling System for Surfacewaters or GEMSS is a public domain software application published by ERM. It has been used for hydrological studies throughout the world.
History
GEMSS has been used for ultimate heat sink analyses at Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant, and Arkansas Nuclear One. In P... | Generalized Environmental Modeling System for Surfacewaters | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,087 | [
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Environmental science software",
"Computational physics"
] |
21,296,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20chloroformate | Ethyl chloroformate is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is the ethyl ester of chloroformic acid. It is a colorless, corrosive and highly toxic liquid. It is a reagent used in organic synthesis for the introduction of the ethyl carbamate protecting group and for the formation of carboxylic anhydrides.
... | Ethyl chloroformate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 159 | [
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
21,301,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelation | In polymer chemistry, gelation (gel transition) is the formation of a gel from a system with polymers. Branched polymers can form links between the chains, which lead to progressively larger polymers. As the linking continues, larger branched polymers are obtained and at a certain extent of the reaction, links between ... | Gelation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 807 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Drug delivery devices",
"Materials science",
"Colloids",
"Chemical mixtures",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Gels",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
21,302,154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costly%20state%20verification | Costly State Verification (CSV) is an approach in contract theory that considers a contract design problem in which verification (or disclosure) of enterprise performance is costly and a lender has to pay a monitoring cost.
A central result of CSV approach is that it is generally optimal to commit to a partial, state... | Costly state verification | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 512 | [
"Game theory",
"Asymmetric information",
"Symmetry",
"Asymmetry"
] |
21,304,415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual%20reproduction | Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (di... | Sexual reproduction | [
"Biology"
] | 3,656 | [
"Behavior",
"Developmental biology",
"Sex",
"Reproduction",
"Biological interactions",
"Sexual reproduction",
"Sexuality"
] |
21,304,461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam | Steam is water vapour (water in the gas phase), often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur due to evaporation or due to boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Steam that is saturated or superheated (water vapor) is invisible; however, wet st... | Steam | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,470 | [
"Matter",
"Physical quantities",
"Phases of matter",
"Steam power",
"Power (physics)",
"Forms of water",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases"
] |
21,306,150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access%20memory | Random-access memory (RAM; ) is a form of electronic computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code. A random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost the same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data ins... | Random-access memory | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,279 | [
"Computers",
"Computer engineering",
"Computer architecture"
] |
24,271,629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20tangent%20space%20alignment | Local tangent space alignment (LTSA) is a method for manifold learning, which can efficiently learn a nonlinear embedding into low-dimensional coordinates from high-dimensional data, and can also reconstruct high-dimensional coordinates from embedding coordinates. It is based on the intuition that when a manifold is c... | Local tangent space alignment | [
"Mathematics"
] | 166 | [
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Manifolds",
"Space (mathematics)"
] |
24,271,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic%20Targets%20Database | Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) is a pharmaceutical and medical repository constructed by the Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group (IDRB) at Zhejiang University, China and the Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group at the National University of Singapore. It provides information about known and explored th... | Therapeutic Targets Database | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,300 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Pharmacology",
"Chemical databases",
"Pharmacology literature",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins"
] |
24,271,731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20WorkBench | Chemical WorkBench is a proprietary simulation software tool aimed at the reactor scale kinetic modeling of homogeneous gas-phase and heterogeneous processes and kinetic mechanism development. It can be effectively used for the modeling, optimization, and design of a wide range of industrially and environmentally impor... | Chemical WorkBench | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 398 | [
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Molecular modelling software",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software",
"Chemical engineering",
"Molecular modelling",
"Combustion",
"Computational chemistry",
"Chemical engineering software",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
24,274,027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleobiota%20of%20the%20Solnhofen%20Limestone | The Solnhofen Limestone or Solnhofen Plattenkalk is a collective term for multiple Late Jurassic lithographic limestones in southeastern Germany, which is famous for its well preserved fossil flora and fauna dating to the late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian). The paleoenvironment is also often referred to as the Soln... | Paleobiota of the Solnhofen Limestone | [
"Biology"
] | 529 | [
"Mesozoic paleobiotas",
"Prehistoric biotas"
] |
24,280,173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leakage%20%28electronics%29 | In electronics, leakage is the gradual transfer of electrical energy across a boundary normally viewed as insulating, such as the spontaneous discharge of a charged capacitor, magnetic coupling of a transformer with other components, or flow of current across a transistor in the "off" state or a reverse-polarized diode... | Leakage (electronics) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,169 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Electric current",
"Electrical engineering",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
24,280,199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%20L-edge | Metal L-edge spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique used to study the electronic structures of transition metal atoms and complexes. This method measures X-ray absorption caused by the excitation of a metal 2p electron to unfilled d orbitals (e.g. 3d for first-row transition metals), which creates a characteristic a... | Metal L-edge | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,134 | [
"X-ray absorption spectroscopy",
"Materials science",
"Laboratory techniques in condensed matter physics"
] |
24,280,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detonation%20flame%20arrester | A detonation flame arrester (also spelled arrestor) is a device fitted to the opening of an enclosure or to the connecting pipe work of a system of enclosures and whose intended function is to allow flow but prevent the transmission of flame propagating at supersonic velocity.
Detonation Flame Arrester products were c... | Detonation flame arrester | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 747 | [
"Chemical safety",
"Industrial safety devices",
"Chemical accident",
"nan"
] |
24,281,183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand%20boiler | A hand boiler or (less commonly) love meter is a glass sculpture used as an experimental tool to demonstrate vapour-liquid equilibrium, or as a collector's item to whimsically "measure love." It consists of a lower bulb containing a volatile liquid and a mixture of gases that is connected usually by a twisting glass tu... | Hand boiler | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 673 | [
"Equilibrium chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physics education"
] |
24,283,737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeb%20rebound%20hardness%20test | The Leeb Rebound Hardness Test (LRHT) invented by Swiss company Proceq SA is one of the four most used methods for testing metal hardness. This portable method is mainly used for testing sufficiently large workpieces (mainly above 1 kg).
It measures the coefficient of restitution. It is a form of nondestructive testin... | Leeb rebound hardness test | [
"Materials_science"
] | 1,208 | [
"Hardness tests",
"Materials testing"
] |
28,828,990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoelectric%20effect | In its most general form, the magnetoelectric effect (ME) denotes any coupling between the magnetic and the electric properties of a material. The first example of such an effect was described by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1888, who found that a dielectric material moving through an electric field would become magnetized. A ma... | Magnetoelectric effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,898 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Matter"
] |
31,387,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20insulation | Dynamic insulation is a form of insulation where cool outside air flowing through the thermal insulation in the envelope of a building will pick up heat from the insulation fibres. Buildings can be designed to exploit this to reduce the transmission heat loss (U-value) and to provide pre-warmed, draft free air to inte... | Dynamic insulation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 4,177 | [
"Engineering thermodynamics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
31,392,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20tether | Space tethers are long cables which can be used for propulsion, momentum exchange, stabilization and attitude control, or maintaining the relative positions of the components of a large dispersed satellite/spacecraft sensor system. Depending on the mission objectives and altitude, spaceflight using this form of spacecr... | Space tether | [
"Astronomy",
"Technology"
] | 4,202 | [
"Exploratory engineering",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Transport systems",
"Outer space",
"Space elevator",
"Vertical transport devices",
"Satellites"
] |
31,393,808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehler%20kernel | The Mehler kernel is a complex-valued function found to be the propagator of the quantum harmonic oscillator.
Mehler's formula
defined a function
and showed, in modernized notation, that it can be expanded in terms of Hermite polynomials (.) based on weight function exp(−²) as
This result is useful, in modified fo... | Mehler kernel | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,013 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
31,394,768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycopolymer | Glycopolymer is a synthetic polymer with pendant carbohydrates. Glycopolymers play an important role in many biological recognition events such as cell–cell adhesion, the development of new tissues and the infectious behavior of virus and bacteria. They have high potential in targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering ... | Glycopolymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 157 | [
"Carbohydrate chemistry",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Chemical synthesis",
"nan",
"Glycobiology",
"Polymers"
] |
31,397,430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-value%20%28transport%29 | In transport, D-value is a rating in kN that is typically attributed to mechanical couplings, and reflects dynamic loading limits between a towing vehicle and a trailer.
The corresponding formula for a truck and trailer combination, used to determine the required D-value of a coupling, is:
T = Weight of towing vehic... | D-value (transport) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 138 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
31,398,073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethylmethane | Tetraethylmethane is a branched alkane with 9 carbon atoms. It is a highly flammable and volatile liquid at room temperature. It is one of the isomers of nonane. It is considered one of the most controversial alkanes due to its structural resemblance to the swastika.
References
See also
Neopentane
Tetraethynylmeth... | Tetraethylmethane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 92 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Alkanes"
] |
35,568,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminal%20RNase | Bovine seminal RNase (BS-RNase) is a member of the ribonuclease superfamily produced by the bovine seminal vesicles. This enzyme can not be differentiated from its members distinctly since there are more features that this enzyme shares with its family members than features that it possess alone. The research on the qu... | Seminal RNase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,079 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Evolutionary processes",
"Molecular evolution",
"Molecular biology"
] |
35,572,339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium%20nickel%20hydride | Magnesium nickel hydride is the chemical compound Mg2NiH4. It contains 3.6% by weight of hydrogen and has been studied as a potential hydrogen storage medium.
References
Metal hydrides
Magnesium compounds
Nickel compounds | Magnesium nickel hydride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 48 | [
"Metal hydrides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Reducing agents"
] |
35,573,062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blahut%E2%80%93Arimoto%20algorithm | The term Blahut–Arimoto algorithm is often used to refer to a class of algorithms for computing numerically either the information theoretic capacity of a channel, the rate-distortion function of a source or a source encoding (i.e. compression to remove the redundancy). They are iterative algorithms that eventually con... | Blahut–Arimoto algorithm | [
"Mathematics"
] | 589 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Coding theory"
] |
2,011,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentane%20interference | Pentane interference or syn-pentane interaction is the steric hindrance that the two terminal methyl groups experience in one of the chemical conformations of n-pentane. The possible conformations are combinations of anti conformations and gauche conformations and are anti-anti, anti-gauche+, gauche+ - gauche+ and gauc... | Pentane interference | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 468 | [
"Spacetime",
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan"
] |
2,011,503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady%20state%20%28biochemistry%29 | In biochemistry, steady state refers to the maintenance of constant internal concentrations of molecules and ions in the cells and organs of living systems. Living organisms remain at a dynamic steady state where their internal composition at both cellular and gross levels are relatively constant, but different from e... | Steady state (biochemistry) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,612 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Physical chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"nan"
] |
2,012,013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirth%E2%80%93Weber%20precedence%20relationship | In computer science, a Wirth–Weber relationship between a pair of symbols is necessary to determine if a formal grammar is a simple precedence grammar. In such a case, the simple precedence parser can be used. The relationship is named after computer scientists Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber.
The goal is to identify ... | Wirth–Weber precedence relationship | [
"Mathematics"
] | 589 | [
"Formal languages",
"Mathematical logic"
] |
2,012,564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karp%27s%2021%20NP-complete%20problems | In computational complexity theory, Karp's 21 NP-complete problems are a set of computational problems which are NP-complete. In his 1972 paper, "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", Richard Karp used Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem that the boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete (also called the Cook-Levin t... | Karp's 21 NP-complete problems | [
"Mathematics"
] | 527 | [
"NP-complete problems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Computational problems"
] |
2,013,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrubber | Scrubber systems (e.g. chemical scrubbers, gas scrubbers) are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams. An early application of a carbon dioxide scrubber was in the submarine the Ictíneo I, in 1859; a role for which they c... | Scrubber | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,141 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Scrubbers"
] |
2,013,573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonyl%20group | In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonyl group is either a functional group found primarily in sulfones, or a substituent obtained from a sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group, similarly to acyl groups.
Group
Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula , where there are two double bonds betw... | Sulfonyl group | [
"Chemistry"
] | 434 | [
"Organosulfur compounds",
"Substituents",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Sulfonyl groups"
] |
2,013,881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra%20%28star%29 | Electra , designated 17 Tauri, is a blue-white giant star in the constellation of Taurus located approximately 400 light years away. It is the third-brightest star in the Pleiades open star cluster (M45), visible to the naked eye with an apparent magnitude of 3.7. Like the other bright stars of the Pleiades, it is nam... | Electra (star) | [
"Astronomy"
] | 763 | [
"Taurus (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
2,014,413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaplerotic%20reactions | Anaplerotic reactions, a term coined by Hans Kornberg and originating from the Greek ἀνά= 'up' and πληρόω= 'to fill', are chemical reactions that form intermediates of a metabolic pathway. Examples of such are found in the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). In normal function of this cycle for respiration, concentrations o... | Anaplerotic reactions | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 528 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Cellular respiration",
"Metabolism",
"Biochemical reactions"
] |
2,014,417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear-air%20turbulence | In meteorology, clear-air turbulence (CAT) is the turbulent movement of air masses in the absence of any visual clues such as clouds, and is caused when bodies of air moving at widely different speeds meet.
The atmospheric region most susceptible to CAT is the high troposphere at altitudes of around as it meets the t... | Clear-air turbulence | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,605 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena",
"Turbulence",
"Aerodynamics",
"Meteorological phenomena",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,015,367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-hybrid%20screening | Two-hybrid screening (originally known as yeast two-hybrid system or Y2H) is a molecular biology technique used to discover protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and protein–DNA interactions by testing for physical interactions (such as binding) between two proteins or a single protein and a DNA molecule, respectively.
... | Two-hybrid screening | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,723 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Protein–protein interaction assays",
"Cell biology",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Systems biology"
] |
5,097,491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20meridional%20overturning%20circulation | The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the main ocean current system in the Atlantic Ocean. It is a component of Earth's ocean circulation system and plays an important role in the climate system. The AMOC includes Atlantic currents at the surface and at great depths that are driven by changes in wea... | Atlantic meridional overturning circulation | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 9,034 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Hydrology",
"Oceanography",
"Natural hazards"
] |
5,097,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact%20process%20%28mathematics%29 | The contact process is a stochastic process used to model population growth on the set of sites of a graph in which occupied sites become vacant at a constant rate, while vacant sites become occupied at a rate proportional to the number of occupied neighboring sites. Therefore, if we denote by the proportionality con... | Contact process (mathematics) | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 804 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Lattice models",
"Computational physics"
] |
5,103,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%20%28unit%29 | The darwin (d) is a unit of evolutionary change, defined by J. B. S. Haldane in 1949. One darwin is defined to be an e-fold (about 2.718) change in a trait over one million years. Haldane named the unit after Charles Darwin.
Equation
The equation for calculating evolutionary change in darwins () is:
where and are... | Darwin (unit) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 309 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Physical quantities",
"Units of level",
"Quantity",
"Logarithmic scales of measurement",
"Units of measurement"
] |
5,105,731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism%20of%20action | In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites ... | Mechanism of action | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,539 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacodynamics",
"nan",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Biochemistry"
] |
5,106,060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinides%20in%20the%20environment | The actinide series is a group of chemical elements with atomic numbers ranging from 89 to 102, including notable elements such as uranium and plutonium. The nuclides (or isotopes) thorium-232, uranium-235, and uranium-238 occur primordially, while trace quantities of actinium, protactinium, neptunium, and plutonium ex... | Actinides in the environment | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,277 | [
"Radioactive contamination",
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Radiobiology",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Nuclear technology",
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"Soil contamination",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radioactivity",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Matter"
] |
22,743,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin%20Y | Immunoglobulin Y (abbreviated as IgY) is a type of immunoglobulin which is the major antibody in bird, reptile, and lungfish blood. It is also found in high concentrations in chicken egg yolk. As with the other immunoglobulins, IgY is a class of proteins which are formed by the immune system in reaction to certain fore... | Immunoglobulin Y | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,457 | [
"Glycoproteins",
"Glycobiology"
] |
22,744,244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Aharoni | Ron Aharoni ( ) (born 1952) is an Israeli mathematician, working in finite and infinite combinatorics. Aharoni is a professor at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, where he received his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1979. With Nash-Williams and Shelah he generalized Hall's marriage theorem by obtaining the right ... | Ron Aharoni | [
"Mathematics"
] | 504 | [
"Combinatorialists",
"Combinatorics"
] |
22,745,050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winters%27s%20formula | Winters's formula, named after R. W. Winters, is a formula used to evaluate respiratory compensation when analyzing acid-base disorders in the presence of metabolic acidosis. It can be given as:
,
where − is given in units of mEq/L and P will be in units of mmHg.
History
Dr. R. W. Winters was an American physician ... | Winters's formula | [
"Mathematics"
] | 731 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematics in medicine"
] |
22,745,487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precursor%20%28physics%29 | Precursors are characteristic wave patterns caused by dispersion of an impulse's frequency components as it propagates through a medium. Classically, precursors precede the main signal, although in certain situations they may also follow it. Precursor phenomena exist for all types of waves, as their appearance is only ... | Precursor (physics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,156 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Radiation"
] |
22,748,103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave%20cavity | A microwave cavity or radio frequency cavity (RF cavity) is a special type of resonator, consisting of a closed (or largely closed) metal structure that confines electromagnetic fields in the microwave or RF region of the spectrum. The structure is either hollow or filled with dielectric material. The microwaves bounc... | Microwave cavity | [
"Physics"
] | 2,667 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental physics"
] |
22,751,916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Newman%20Speller%20Award | The Frank Newman Speller Award is an annual award for significant contributions to corrosion engineering and is administered by NACE International. (The organization was previously known as the National Association of Corrosion Engineers.) The award is named in honor of Frank Newman Speller, a Canadian-born American me... | Frank Newman Speller Award | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 578 | [
"Corrosion prevention",
"Chemical engineering",
"Corrosion",
"Science award stubs",
"Chemical engineering awards",
"Science and technology awards"
] |
1,374,906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublet%E2%80%93triplet%20splitting%20problem | In particle physics, the doublet–triplet (splitting) problem is a problem of some Grand Unified Theories, such as SU(5), SO(10), and . Grand unified theories predict Higgs bosons (doublets of ) arise from representations of the unified group that contain other states, in particular, states that are triplets of color. ... | Doublet–triplet splitting problem | [
"Physics"
] | 996 | [
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Grand Unified Theory"
] |
1,375,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoassay | An immunoassay (IA) is a biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a macromolecule or a small molecule in a solution through the use of an antibody (usually) or an antigen (sometimes). The molecule detected by the immunoassay is often referred to as an "analyte" and is in many cases a protein, alt... | Immunoassay | [
"Biology"
] | 2,726 | [
"Immunologic tests"
] |
1,375,452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20ice | Fast ice (also called land-fast ice, landfast ice, and shore-fast ice) is sea ice or lake ice that is "fastened" to the coastline, to the sea floor along shoals, or to grounded icebergs. Fast ice may either grow in place from the sea water or by freezing pieces of drifting ice to the shore or other anchor sites. Unlike... | Fast ice | [
"Physics"
] | 474 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena",
"Sea ice"
] |
1,375,635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylate%20kinase | Adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) (also known as ADK or myokinase) is a phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the various adenosine phosphates (ATP, ADP, and AMP). By constantly monitoring phosphate nucleotide levels inside the cell, ADK plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis.
Su... | Adenylate kinase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,189 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Cellular respiration",
"Metabolism"
] |
1,376,120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sackur%E2%80%93Tetrode%20equation | The Sackur–Tetrode equation is an expression for the entropy of a monatomic ideal gas.
It is named for Hugo Martin Tetrode (1895–1931) and Otto Sackur (1880–1914), who developed it independently as a solution of Boltzmann's gas statistics and entropy equations, at about the same time in 1912.
Formula
The Sackur–Tetro... | Sackur–Tetrode equation | [
"Physics"
] | 667 | [
"Thermodynamic systems",
"Physical quantities",
"Equations of physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Thermodynamic entropy",
"Physical systems",
"Entropy",
"Equations of state",
"Ideal gas"
] |
1,376,386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20Safety%20Management%20%28OSHA%20regulation%29 | Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals is a regulation promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). It defines and regulates a process safety management (PSM) program for plants using, storing, manufacturing, handling or carrying out on-site movement of hazardous materi... | Process Safety Management (OSHA regulation) | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 3,051 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"Safety engineering",
"Process safety"
] |
1,376,805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminate%20flooring | Laminate flooring (also called floating wood tile in the United States) is a multi-layer synthetic flooring product fused together with a lamination process. Laminate flooring simulates wood (or sometimes stone) with a photographic appliqué layer under a clear protective layer. The inner core layer is usually composed ... | Laminate flooring | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,451 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Floors",
"Composite materials",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
1,377,241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phragm%C3%A9n%E2%80%93Lindel%C3%B6f%20principle | In complex analysis, the Phragmén–Lindelöf principle (or method), first formulated by Lars Edvard Phragmén (1863–1937) and Ernst Leonard Lindelöf (1870–1946) in 1908, is a technique which employs an auxiliary, parameterized function to prove the boundedness of a holomorphic function (i.e, ) on an unbounded domain whe... | Phragmén–Lindelöf principle | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,191 | [
"Mathematical principles",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in complex analysis"
] |
1,377,405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeckendorf%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Zeckendorf's theorem, named after Belgian amateur mathematician Edouard Zeckendorf, is a theorem about the representation of integers as sums of Fibonacci numbers.
Zeckendorf's theorem states that every positive integer can be represented uniquely as the sum of one or more distinct Fibonacci numbers in... | Zeckendorf's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,165 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Recurrence relations",
"Fibonacci numbers",
"Golden ratio",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical problems",
"Number theory"
] |
1,378,439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisker%20%28metallurgy%29 | Metal whiskering is a phenomenon that occurs in electrical devices when metals form long whisker-like projections over time. Tin whiskers were noticed and documented in the vacuum tube era of electronics early in the 20th century in equipment that used pure, or almost pure, tin solder in their production. It was notice... | Whisker (metallurgy) | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,655 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Electronic engineering",
"nan",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
1,379,266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-imaging%20Cherenkov%20detector | The ring-imaging Cherenkov, or RICH, detector is a device for identifying the type of an electrically charged subatomic particle of known momentum, that traverses a transparent refractive medium, by measurement of the presence and characteristics of the Cherenkov radiation emitted during that traversal. RICH detectors ... | Ring-imaging Cherenkov detector | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,433 | [
"Particle detectors",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
1,379,315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-flight%20detector | A time-of-flight (TOF) detector is a particle detector which can discriminate between a lighter and a heavier elementary particle of same momentum using their time of flight between two scintillators. The first of the scintillators activates a clock upon being hit while the other stops the clock upon being hit. If the ... | Time-of-flight detector | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 141 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle detectors",
"Particle physics",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
1,379,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum%20grease | Vacuum grease is a lubricant with low volatility and is used for applications in low pressure environments. Lubricants with higher volatility would evaporate, causing two problems:
They would not be present to provide lubrication.
They would make lowering the pressure below their vapor pressure difficult.
As well a... | Vacuum grease | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 214 | [
"Materials stubs",
"Vacuum",
"Materials",
"Vacuum systems",
"Matter"
] |
34,377,958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri%20TTL | Petri TTL was a manual 35 mm SLR camera with TTL metering. It was built by Petri Camera Company, Japan, from 1974. It is unknown when the production stopped.
Features
The Petri TTL was a no-frills and very conservative camera. It was quite big and of heavy, all-metal construction. The only 'luxury' item found on the... | Petri TTL | [
"Technology"
] | 459 | [
"System cameras",
"Single-lens reflex cameras"
] |
34,385,670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectron%20photoion%20coincidence%20spectroscopy | Photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (PEPICO) is a combination of photoionization mass spectrometry and photoelectron spectroscopy. It is largely based on the photoelectric effect. Free molecules from a gas-phase sample are ionized by incident vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation. In the ensuing photoionizati... | Photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,296 | [
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Molecular physics",
"Thermochemistry",
"Electron spectroscopy",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Physical chemistry",
"Mass spectrometry",
"nan",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Spectroscopy",
... |
6,717,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic%20glaze | Ceramic glaze, or simply glaze, is a glassy coating on ceramics. It is used for decoration, to ensure the item is impermeable to liquids and to minimize the adherence of pollutants.
Glazing renders earthenware impermeable to water, sealing the inherent porosity of earthenware. It also gives a tougher surface. Glaze is... | Ceramic glaze | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 3,000 | [
"Glass chemistry",
"Glass compositions",
"Coatings",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Ceramic glazes"
] |
6,717,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compacted%20oxide%20layer%20glaze | Compacted oxide layer glaze describes the often shiny, wear-protective layer of oxide formed when two metals (or a metal and ceramic) are slid against each other at high temperature in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The layer forms on either or both of the surfaces in contact and can protect against wear.
Background... | Compacted oxide layer glaze | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,561 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
25,685,037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Bioinformatics%20and%20Computational%20Biology | The Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology was founded in 2003 and is published by World Scientific. The journal covers analysis of cellular information, especially in the technical aspect. The managing editor is Limsoon Wong (National University of Singapore).
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abs... | Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | [
"Biology"
] | 107 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Bioinformatics and computational biology journals"
] |
25,685,354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Circuits%2C%20Systems%2C%20and%20Computers | The Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers was founded in 1991 and is published eight times annually by World Scientific. It covers a wide range of topics regarding circuits, systems and computers, from basic mathematics to engineering and design.
The editor-in-chief of the journal is Professor Wai-Kai Chen and th... | Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers | [
"Engineering"
] | 191 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical and electronic engineering journals"
] |
25,686,447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20FAO/WHO%20Expert%20Committee%20on%20Food%20Additives | The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is an international scientific expert committee that is administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It has been meeting since 1956 to provide independent scientific advice ... | Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives | [
"Chemistry"
] | 802 | [
"Food chemistry organizations",
"Food chemistry"
] |
25,687,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendicine | Gendicine is a gene therapy medication used to treat patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma linked to mutations in the TP53 gene. It consists of recombinant adenovirus engineered to code for p53 protein (rAd-p53) and is manufactured by Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech.
Gendicine was the first gene therapy produc... | Gendicine | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 399 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genetic engineering",
"Gene therapy",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Gene delivery"
] |
25,687,934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20transport%20megaprojects | This is a list of megaprojects within the transport sector. Take care in comparing the cost of projects from different times—even a few years apart—due to inflation; comparing nominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading. Note that inflation-calculated values are current .
According to the O... | List of transport megaprojects | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 153 | [
"Megaprojects",
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"nan",
"Transport lists"
] |
30,283,143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20core%20gauge | An air core gauge is a specific type of rotary actuator in an analog display gauge that allows an indicator to rotate a full 360 degrees. It is used in gauges and displays, most commonly automotive instrument clusters.
A typical automotive application is shown at the right. The air core gauge is a type of "air-cor... | Air core gauge | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 542 | [
"Measuring instruments"
] |
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