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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
25,766,500	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knemometry	Knemometry () is the medical term for measuring the distance between knee and heel of a sitting child or adolescent using a technical device, the knemometer. Knemometric measurements show a measurement error of less than 160 μm (0.16 mm) and enable illustrating growth at intervals of few weeks (short-term growth). The...	Knemometry	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	409	[ "Quantity", "Dimensional instruments", "Physical quantities", "Size" ]
25,772,247	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZND%20detonation%20model	The ZND detonation model is a one-dimensional model for the process of detonation of an explosive. It was proposed during World War II independently by Yakov Zeldovich, John von Neumann, and Werner Döring, hence the name. This model admits finite-rate chemical reactions and thus the process of detonation consists of ...	ZND detonation model	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	357	[ "Explosives engineering", "Chemical engineering", "Combustion", "Explosives", "Explosions", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
25,774,874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%20alloy	Y alloy is a nickel-containing aluminium alloy. It was developed by the British National Physical Laboratory during World War I, in an attempt to find an aluminium alloy that would retain its strength at high temperatures. Duralumin, an aluminium alloy containing 4% copper was already known at this time. Its strength,...	Y alloy	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	634	[ "Aerospace engineering", "Aerospace materials", "Alloys", "Aluminium alloys" ]
25,776,973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman%20units%20of%20measurement	The list of traditional Turkish units of measurement, a.k.a. Ottoman units of measurement, is given below. History The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923), the predecessor of modern Turkey was one of the 17 signatories of the Metre Convention in 1875. For 58 years both the international and the traditional units were in use, ...	Ottoman units of measurement	[ "Mathematics" ]	302	[ "Obsolete units of measurement", "Systems of units", "Units of measurement by country", "Quantity", "Units of measurement" ]
34,476,926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monod%20equation	The Monod equation is a mathematical model for the growth of microorganisms. It is named for Jacques Monod (1910–1976, a French biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965), who proposed using an equation of this form to relate microbial growth rates in an aqueous environment to the concentration of a lim...	Monod equation	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	566	[ "Catalysis", "Chemical reaction engineering", "Enzyme kinetics", "Chemical engineering", "Water pollution", "Sewerage", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering", "Chemical kinetics" ]
34,484,142	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-intrusive%20stress%20measurement%20system	Non-intrusive stress measurement (system), or NSMS, is a method for determining dynamic blade stresses in rotating turbomachinery. NSMS is also known by the names "blade tip timing" (BTT), "arrival time analysis" (ATA), "blade vibration monitoring" (BVM), Beruehrungslose Schaufel Schwingungsmessung (BSSM), and "blade ...	Non-intrusive stress measurement system	[ "Engineering" ]	615	[ "Mechanical tests", "Mechanical engineering" ]
31,490,211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20clade%20credibility%20tree	A maximum clade credibility tree is a tree that summarises the results of a Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Whereas a majority-rule tree combines the most common clades, and usually yields a tree that wasn't sampled in the analysis, the maximum-credibility method evaluates each of the sampled posterior trees. Each cl...	Maximum clade credibility tree	[ "Biology" ]	127	[ "Bioinformatics", "Phylogenetics", "Taxonomy (biology)" ]
31,490,462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database%20of%20protein%20conformational%20diversity	The Database of protein conformational diversity (PCDB) is a database of diversity of protein tertiary structures within protein domains as determined by X-ray crystallography. Proteins are inherently flexible and this database collects information on this subject for use in molecular research. It uses the CATH databa...	Database of protein conformational diversity	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	158	[ "Crystallographic databases", "Crystallography", "Protein structure", "Structural biology" ]
31,491,236	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventura%20County%20Air%20Pollution%20Control%20District	The Ventura County Air Pollution Control District (VCAPCD) protects public health and agriculture from the adverse effects of air pollution by identifying problems and developing a comprehensive program to achieve and maintain state and federal air quality standards. The Ventura County Board of Supervisors formed the d...	Ventura County Air Pollution Control District	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	908	[ "Atmospheric dispersion modeling", "Environmental modelling", "Environmental engineering" ]
31,494,514	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organocerium%20chemistry	Organocerium chemistry is the science of organometallic compounds that contain one or more chemical bond between carbon and cerium. These compounds comprise a subset of the organolanthanides. Most organocerium compounds feature Ce(III) but some Ce(IV) derivatives are known. Alkyl derivatives Simple alkylcerium reagen...	Organocerium chemistry	[ "Chemistry" ]	725	[ "Organometallic chemistry" ]
22,832,517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20structure%20prediction	Crystal structure prediction (CSP) is the calculation of the crystal structures of solids from first principles. Reliable methods of predicting the crystal structure of a compound, based only on its composition, has been a goal of the physical sciences since the 1950s. Computational methods employed include simulated a...	Crystal structure prediction	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,041	[ "Materials science", "Theoretical chemistry", "Crystallography", "Computational chemistry", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Solid-state chemistry" ]
22,833,268	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20design	Geometrical design (GD) is a branch of computational geometry. It deals with the construction and representation of free-form curves, surfaces, or volumes and is closely related to geometric modeling. Core problems are curve and surface modelling and representation. GD studies especially the construction and manipulati...	Geometric design	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	496	[ "Computer-aided design", "Design engineering", "Applied mathematics", "Computational science", "Geometry", "Applied geometry" ]
22,833,956	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20models%20of%20DNA	Molecular models of DNA structures are representations of the molecular geometry and topology of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules using one of several means, with the aim of simplifying and presenting the essential, physical and chemical, properties of DNA molecular structures either in vivo or in vitro. These rep...	Molecular models of DNA	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	3,306	[ "Molecular geometry", "Molecules", "Stereochemistry", "Molecular genetics", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Matter" ]
22,835,055	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20dynamics	In molecular biology, proteins are generally thought to adopt unique structures determined by their amino acid sequences. However, proteins are not strictly static objects, but rather populate ensembles of (sometimes similar) conformations. Transitions between these states occur on a variety of length scales (tenths of...	Protein dynamics	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,725	[ "Protein biosynthesis", "Gene expression", "Biosynthesis" ]
22,836,986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/METATOY	A METATOY is a sheet, formed by a two-dimensional array of small, telescopic optical components, that switches the path of transmitted light rays. METATOY is an acronym for "metamaterial for rays", representing a number of analogies with metamaterials; METATOYs even satisfy a few definitions of metamaterials, but are ...	METATOY	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,292	[ "Glass engineering and science", "Optical devices", "Materials", "Optical materials", "Matter" ]
22,837,269	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying%20platform	A Flying Platform is a type of VTOL aircraft for low cost individual usage for short range within an area. It is usually flown using kinesthetic control, similar to that of a surf board. Examples De Lackner HZ-1 Aerocycle Hiller VZ-1 Pawnee Williams X-Jet See also Personal air vehicle References Aircraft configurat...	Flying platform	[ "Engineering" ]	81	[ "Aircraft configurations", "Aerospace engineering" ]
22,837,466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight-shift%20control	Weight-shift control as a means of aircraft flight control is widely used in hang gliders, powered hang gliders, and ultralight trikes. Control is usually by the pilot using their weight against a triangular control bar that is rigidly attached to the wing structure. The wing is mounted on a pivot above the trike carri...	Weight-shift control	[ "Engineering" ]	101	[ "Control engineering", "Applications of control engineering" ]
35,670,796	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley-fill%20circuit	A valley-fill circuit is a type of passive power-factor correction (PFC) circuit. For purposes of illustration, a basic full-wave diode-bridge rectifier is shown in the first stage, which converts the AC input voltage to a DC voltage. Operation When the AC voltage is applied, the rectified line voltage is applied acro...	Valley-fill circuit	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	281	[ "Physical quantities", "Power (physics)", "Electronic engineering", "Electric power", "Electrical engineering", "Electrical circuits" ]
911,229	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity%20ring-down%20spectroscopy	Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a highly sensitive optical spectroscopic technique that enables measurement of absolute optical extinction by samples that scatter and absorb light. It has been widely used to study gaseous samples which absorb light at specific wavelengths, and in turn to determine mole fraction...	Cavity ring-down spectroscopy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,418	[ "Instrumental analysis", "Molecular physics", "Spectroscopy", "Spectrum (physical sciences)" ]
911,606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktay%20Sinano%C4%9Flu	Oktay Sinanoğlu (February 25, 1935 – April 19, 2015) was a Turkish physical chemist and molecular biophysicist who made contributions to the theory of electron correlation in molecules, the statistical mechanics of clathrate hydrates, quantum chemistry, and the theory of solvation. Early life and education Sinanoğlu w...	Oktay Sinanoğlu	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,154	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Theoretical chemistry", "Theoretical chemists", "Physical chemists" ]
912,171	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20ring%20resonators	An optical ring resonator is a set of waveguides in which at least one is a closed loop coupled to some sort of light input and output. (These can be, but are not limited to being, waveguides.) The concepts behind optical ring resonators are the same as those behind whispering galleries except that they use light and o...	Optical ring resonators	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,602	[ "Glass engineering and science", "Optical devices" ]
912,904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20control%20valve	A flow control valve regulates the flow or pressure of a fluid. Control valves normally respond to signals generated by independent devices such as flow meters or temperature gauges. Operation Control valves are normally fitted with actuators and positioners. Pneumatically-actuated globe valves and diaphragm valves a...	Flow control valve	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	470	[ "Physical systems", "Valves", "Hydraulics", "Piping" ]
912,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly%20valve	A butterfly valve is a valve that isolates or regulates the flow of a fluid. The closing mechanism is a disk that rotates. Principle of operation Operation is similar to that of a ball valve, which allows for quick shut off. Butterfly valves are generally favored because they cost less than other valve designs, and ar...	Butterfly valve	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,193	[ "Physical systems", "Valves", "Hydraulics", "Piping" ]
912,982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20quantum%20gravity	In theoretical physics, Euclidean quantum gravity is a version of quantum gravity. It seeks to use the Wick rotation to describe the force of gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics. Introduction in layperson's terms The Wick rotation In physics, a Wick rotation, named after Gian-Carlo Wick, is a me...	Euclidean quantum gravity	[ "Physics" ]	962	[ "Quantum gravity", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Physics beyond the Standard Model" ]
913,620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchdown%20polymerase%20chain%20reaction	The touchdown polymerase chain reaction or touchdown style polymerase chain reaction is a method of polymerase chain reaction by which primers avoid amplifying nonspecific sequences. The annealing temperature during a polymerase chain reaction determines the specificity of primer annealing. The melting point of the pr...	Touchdown polymerase chain reaction	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Biology" ]	399	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Genetics techniques", "Polymerase chain reaction", "nan", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Amplifiers" ]
913,945	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfocal%20distance	In optics and photography, hyperfocal distance is a distance from a lens beyond which all objects can be brought into an "acceptable" focus. As the hyperfocal distance is the focus distance giving the maximum depth of field, it is the most desirable distance to set the focus of a fixed-focus camera. The hyperfocal dist...	Hyperfocal distance	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,987	[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Distance", "Quantity", "Size", "Length", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities" ]
914,098	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplicon	In molecular biology, an amplicon is a piece of DNA or RNA that is the source and/or product of amplification or replication events. It can be formed artificially, using various methods including polymerase chain reactions (PCR) or ligase chain reactions (LCR), or naturally through gene duplication. In this context, am...	Amplicon	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,071	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Genetics techniques", "Polymerase chain reaction", "Genetic engineering", "Biotechnology", "Molecular biology techniques", "nan", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
914,462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine-indicating%20and%20crew-alerting%20system	An engine-indicating and crew-alerting system (EICAS) is an integrated system used in modern aircraft to provide aircraft flight crew with instrumentation and crew annunciations for aircraft engines and other systems. On EICAS equipped aircraft the "recommended remedial action" is called a checklist. Components EICAS...	Engine-indicating and crew-alerting system	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	682	[ "Glass cockpit", "Aircraft instruments", "Measuring instruments" ]
914,572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excipient	An excipient is a substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication. They may be used to enhance the active ingredient’s therapeutic properties; to facilitate drug absorption; to reduce viscosity; to enhance solubility; to improve long-term stabilization (preventing denaturation and aggregation durin...	Excipient	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,178	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacy" ]
21,389,230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20flowgram%20format	Standard flowgram format (SFF) is a binary file format used to encode results of pyrosequencing from the 454 Life Sciences platform for high-throughput sequencing. SFF files can be viewed, edited and converted with DNA Baser SFF Workbench (graphic tool), or converted to FASTQ format with sff2fastq or seq_crumbs. Furth...	Standard flowgram format	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	105	[ "Bioinformatics stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular biology techniques", "DNA sequencing" ]
21,391,368	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prismatic%20joint	A prismatic joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair which constrains the motion of two bodies to sliding along a common axis, without rotation; for this reason it is often called a slider (as in the slider-crank linkage) or a sliding pair. They are often utilized in hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. A prisma...	Prismatic joint	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	135	[ "Machines", "Kinematics", "Physical phenomena", "Classical mechanics stubs", "Classical mechanics", "Physical systems", "Motion (physics)", "Mechanics" ]
21,391,441	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amott%20test	The Amott test is one of the most widely used empirical wettability measurements for reservoir cores in petroleum engineering. The method combines two spontaneous imbibition measurements and two forced displacement measurements. This test defines two different indices: the Amott water index () and the Amott oil index (...	Amott test	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	387	[ "Petroleum engineering", "Energy engineering", "Fluid dynamics stubs", "Fluid dynamics" ]
21,391,464	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topos	In mathematics, a topos (, ; plural topoi or , or toposes) is a category that behaves like the category of sheaves of sets on a topological space (or more generally: on a site). Topoi behave much like the category of sets and possess a notion of localization; they are a direct generalization of point-set topology. Th...	Topos	[ "Mathematics" ]	4,776	[ "Mathematical structures", "Foundations of mathematics", "Sheaf theory", "Topology", "Category theory", "Topos theory" ]
21,391,870	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting%20problem	In computability theory, the halting problem is the problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input, whether the program will finish running, or continue to run forever. The halting problem is undecidable, meaning that no general algorithm exists that solves the halting problem ...	Halting problem	[ "Mathematics" ]	6,401	[ "Mathematical logic", "Computational problems", "Undecidable problems", "Computability theory", "Mathematical problems" ]
21,392,296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20into%20centenarians	A centenarian is a person who has attained the age of 100 years or more. Research on centenarians has become more common with clinical and general population studies now having been conducted in France, Hungary, Japan, Italy, Finland, Denmark, the United States, and China. Centenarians are the second fastest-growing de...	Research into centenarians	[ "Biology" ]	1,444	[ "Senescence", "Gerontology", "Centenarians" ]
21,393,532	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque%20multiplier	A torque multiplier is a tool used to provide a mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn bolts, nuts or other items designed to be actuated by application of torque, particularly where there are relatively high torque requirements. Description Torque multipliers are often used instead of extended handles, often...	Torque multiplier	[ "Engineering" ]	640	[ "Mechanical engineering", "Mechanisms (engineering)" ]
21,394,677	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas%20protection	Gas protection is the prevention or control of the penetration of hazardous gases into buildings or other types of real property. It usually involves either blocking entry pathways or removing the source of the gas. Hazardous gases Methane (which is flammable at 5-15% by volume in air) and carbon dioxide (which is tox...	Gas protection	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	617	[ "Environmental mitigation", "Pollution control technologies", "Environmental engineering" ]
21,395,116	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20of%20concentration	Time of concentration is a concept used in hydrology to measure the response of a watershed to a rain event. It is defined as the time needed for water to flow from the most remote point in a watershed to the watershed outlet. It is a function of the topography, geology, and land use within the watershed. A number of...	Time of concentration	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	369	[ "Temporal quantities", "Hydrology", "Physical quantities", "Environmental engineering", "Durations" ]
21,396,772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium%20%2899mTc%29%20tetrofosmin	{{DISPLAYTITLE:Technetium (99mTc) tetrofosmin}} Technetium (99mTc) tetrofosmin is a drug used in nuclear medicine cardiac imaging. It is sold under the brand name Myoview (GE Healthcare). The radioisotope, technetium-99m, is chelated by two 1,2-bis[di-(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphino]ethane ligands which belong to the group o...	Technetium (99mTc) tetrofosmin	[ "Chemistry" ]	489	[ "Pharmacology", "Medicinal radiochemistry", "Medicinal chemistry stubs", "Chemicals in medicine", "Radiopharmaceuticals", "Pharmacology stubs" ]
20,351,675	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDynaMix	Molecular Dynamics of Mixtures (MDynaMix) is a computer software package for general purpose molecular dynamics to simulate mixtures of molecules, interacting by AMBER- and CHARMM-like force fields in periodic boundary conditions. Algorithms are included for NVE, NVT, NPT, anisotropic NPT ensembles, and Ewald summation...	MDynaMix	[ "Chemistry" ]	344	[ "Molecular dynamics", "Molecular dynamics software", "Computational chemistry software" ]
20,354,163	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamphotoxin	Diamphotoxin is a toxin produced by larvae and pupae of the beetle genus Diamphidia. Diamphotoxin is a hemolytic, cardiotoxic, and highly labile single-chain polypeptide bound to a protein that protects it from deactivation. Diamphotoxin increases the permeability of cell membranes of red blood cells. Although this do...	Diamphotoxin	[ "Chemistry" ]	254	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Peptides", "Molecular biology" ]
3,810,122	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasser%20effect	The Glasser effect describes the creation of singularities in the flow field of a magnetically confined plasma when small resonant perturbations modify the gradient of the pressure field. External links Physics of magnetically confined plasmas Fusion power	Glasser effect	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	50	[ "Nuclear fusion", "Plasma physics stubs", "Fusion power", "Plasma physics" ]
3,811,054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonium%20ion	In chemistry, a carbonium ion is a cation that has a pentacoordinated carbon atom. They are a type of carbocation. In older literature, the name "carbonium ion" was used for what is today called carbenium. Carbonium ions charge is delocalized in three-center, two-electron bonds. The more stable members are often bi- ...	Carbonium ion	[ "Chemistry" ]	694	[ "Organic compounds", "Reactive intermediates", "Physical organic chemistry" ]
3,811,299	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HT-7	HT-7, or Hefei Tokamak-7, is an experimental superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion reactor built in Hefei, China, to investigate the process of developing fusion power. The HT-7 was developed with the assistance of Russia, and was based on the earlier T-7 tokamak reactor. The reactor was built by the Hefei-based Insti...	HT-7	[ "Physics" ]	194	[ "Plasma physics stubs", "Plasma physics" ]
3,811,829	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBm0	dBm0 is an abbreviation for the power in decibel-milliwatts (dBm) measured at a zero transmission level point (ZLP). dBm0 is a concept used (amongst other areas) in audio/telephony processing since it allows a smooth integration of analog and digital chains. Notably, for A-law and μ-law codecs the standards define a s...	DBm0	[ "Physics" ]	908	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Radio frequency propagation", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves" ]
3,813,953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustproofing	Rustproofing is the prevention or delay of rusting of iron and steel objects, or the permanent protection against corrosion. Typically, the protection is achieved by a process of surface finishing or treatment. Depending on mechanical wear or environmental conditions, the degradation may not be stopped completely, unle...	Rustproofing	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,638	[ "Corrosion prevention", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Materials science", "Corrosion", "Vehicle technology", "Mechanical engineering by discipline", "nan" ]
3,814,851	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam%E2%80%93electric%20power%20station	A steam–electric power station is a power station in which the electric generator is steam-driven: water is heated, evaporates, and spins a steam turbine which drives an electric generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser. The greatest variation in the design of steam–electric...	Steam–electric power station	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,543	[ "Chemical process engineering", "Chemical engineering" ]
3,816,147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbogen	Carbogen, also called Meduna's Mixture after its inventor Ladislas Meduna, is a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen gas. Meduna's original formula was 30% CO2 and 70% oxygen, but the term carbogen can refer to any mixture of these two gases, from 1.5% to 50% CO2. Mechanism When carbogen is inhaled, the increased le...	Carbogen	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	629	[ "Matter", "Phases of matter", "Industrial gases", "Chemical process engineering", "Statistical mechanics", "Gases" ]
3,816,297	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20Well%20Fund	African Well Fund is a non-profit organization dedicated to raising funds for the construction and maintenance of freshwater wells throughout impoverished sections of Africa. It was founded in October 2002 by a group of U2 fans who were inspired by frontman Bono's May 2002 visit to poor sections of Africa along with fo...	African Well Fund	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	279	[ "Hydrology", "Water supply", "Environmental engineering" ]
3,816,650	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial%20use%20of%20space	Space economy refers to the set of activities, industries, technologies, services, and resources that generate economic value through the exploration, understanding, management, and utilization of outer space. Commercial satellite use began in 1962 with Telstar 1, transmitting TV signals across the Atlantic Ocean. Sy...	Commercial use of space	[ "Astronomy", "Engineering" ]	2,481	[ "Space industry", "Telecommunications engineering", "Outer space", "Satellite broadcasting" ]
3,816,902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercavitating%20propeller	The supercavitating propeller is a variant of a propeller for propulsion in water, where supercavitation is actively employed to gain increased speed by reducing friction. They are being used for military purposes and for high performance racing boats as well as model racing boats. This article distinguishes a superca...	Supercavitating propeller	[ "Engineering" ]	395	[ "Shipbuilding", "Marine engineering" ]
2,840,305	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted%20proof	A computer-assisted proof is a mathematical proof that has been at least partially generated by computer. Most computer-aided proofs to date have been implementations of large proofs-by-exhaustion of a mathematical theorem. The idea is to use a computer program to perform lengthy computations, and to provide a proof t...	Computer-assisted proof	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,067	[ "Automated theorem proving", "Computer-assisted proofs", "Mathematical logic", "Computational mathematics", "Formal methods", "Software engineering", "Mathematical relations", "nan", "Numerical analysis", "Approximations" ]
2,841,222	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20stiffness%20method	In structural engineering, the direct stiffness method, also known as the matrix stiffness method, is a structural analysis technique particularly suited for computer-automated analysis of complex structures including the statically indeterminate type. It is a matrix method that makes use of the members' stiffness rela...	Direct stiffness method	[ "Engineering" ]	1,961	[ "Structural engineering", "Structural analysis", "Mechanical engineering", "Aerospace engineering" ]
2,843,344	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric%20hydrogen%20bond	A symmetric hydrogen bond is a special type of hydrogen bond in which the proton is spaced exactly halfway between two identical atoms. The strength of the bond to each of those atoms is equal. It is an example of a 3-center 4-electron bond. This type of bond is much stronger than "normal" hydrogen bonds, in fact, its ...	Symmetric hydrogen bond	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	194	[ "Chemical bonding", "Condensed matter physics", "nan" ]
2,843,876	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic%20signature	An isotopic signature (also isotopic fingerprint) is a ratio of non-radiogenic 'stable isotopes', stable radiogenic isotopes, or unstable radioactive isotopes of particular elements in an investigated material. The ratios of isotopes in a sample material are measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry against an isotop...	Isotopic signature	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	3,482	[ "Bioindicators", "Environmental chemistry", "Isotopes", "Radiometric dating", "Nuclear physics", "Radioactivity" ]
5,161,053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic%20module	A cryptographic module is a component of a computer system that securely implements cryptographic algorithms, typically with some element of tamper resistance. NIST defines a cryptographic module as "The set of hardware, software, and/or firmware that implements security functions (including cryptographic algorithms),...	Cryptographic module	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	147	[ "Applied mathematics", "Cryptography", "Cybersecurity engineering" ]
5,161,169	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapher%27s%20equations	The telegrapher's equations (or just telegraph equations) are a set of two coupled, linear equations that predict the voltage and current distributions on a linear electrical transmission line. The equations are important because they allow transmission lines to be analyzed using circuit theory. The equations and their...	Telegrapher's equations	[ "Engineering" ]	3,551	[ "Electronic engineering", "Distributed element circuits" ]
5,161,942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity%20and%20drugs	Biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining human and animal health because numerous plants, animals, and fungi are used in medicine to produce vital vitamins, painkillers, antibiotics, and other medications. Natural products have been recognized and used as medicines by ancient cultures all around the world. Some a...	Biodiversity and drugs	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,113	[ "Pharmacology", "Products of chemical industry", "Biodiversity", "Chemicals in medicine", "Drugs" ]
5,163,454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste%20heat	Waste heat is heat that is produced by a machine, or other process that uses energy, as a byproduct of doing work. All such processes give off some waste heat as a fundamental result of the laws of thermodynamics. Waste heat has lower utility (or in thermodynamics lexicon a lower exergy or higher entropy) than the orig...	Waste heat	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	2,149	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Heat transfer", "Materials", "Thermodynamics", "Waste", "Matter", "Dynamical systems" ]
5,163,904	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error%20exponent	In information theory, the error exponent of a channel code or source code over the block length of the code is the rate at which the error probability decays exponentially with the block length of the code. Formally, it is defined as the limiting ratio of the negative logarithm of the error probability to the block le...	Error exponent	[ "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,207	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Applied mathematics", "Computer science", "Information theory" ]
5,165,589	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADHM%20construction	In mathematical physics and gauge theory, the ADHM construction or monad construction is the construction of all instantons using methods of linear algebra by Michael Atiyah, Vladimir Drinfeld, Nigel Hitchin, Yuri I. Manin in their paper "Construction of Instantons." ADHM data The ADHM construction uses the following...	ADHM construction	[ "Physics" ]	670	[ "Quantum mechanics", "Quantum physics stubs" ]
5,167,043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20entropy	Loop entropy is the entropy lost upon bringing together two residues of a polymer within a prescribed distance. For a single loop, the entropy varies logarithmically with the number of residues in the loop where is the Boltzmann constant and is a coefficient that depends on the properties of the polymer. This ent...	Loop entropy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	391	[ "Thermodynamics stubs", "Polymer physics", "Physical quantities", "Polymer stubs", "Thermodynamic entropy", "Entropy", "Thermodynamics", "Polymer chemistry", "Statistical mechanics", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
1,402,262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby%20colic	Baby colic, also known as infantile colic, is defined as episodes of crying for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week, for three weeks in an otherwise healthy child. Often crying occurs in the evening. It typically does not result in long-term problems. The crying can result in frustration of the...	Baby colic	[ "Biology" ]	1,942	[ "Crying", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
1,402,463	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroinformatics	Hydroinformatics is a branch of informatics which concentrates on the application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in addressing the increasingly serious problems of the equitable and efficient use of water for many different purposes. Growing out of the earlier discipline of computational hydrauli...	Hydroinformatics	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	640	[ "Hydrology", "Computational fields of study", "Chemical engineering", "Civil engineering", "Computing and society", "Environmental engineering" ]
1,403,749	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force%20density	In fluid mechanics, the force density is the negative gradient of pressure. It has the physical dimensions of force per unit volume. Force density is a vector field representing the flux density of the hydrostatic force within the bulk of a fluid. Force density is represented by the symbol f, and given by the followin...	Force density	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	331	[ "Fluid dynamics stubs", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Mass", "Density", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Matter", "Fluid dynamics" ]
1,404,523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayflick%20limit	The Hayflick limit, or Hayflick phenomenon, is the number of times a normal somatic, differentiated human cell population will divide before cell division stops. The concept of the Hayflick limit was advanced by American anatomist Leonard Hayflick in 1961, at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hayflic...	Hayflick limit	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,545	[ "Genetics", "Senescence", "Cellular senescence", "Cellular processes", "Metabolism" ]
1,404,820	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution%20of%20Mechanical%20Engineers	The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is an independent professional association and learned society headquartered in London, United Kingdom, that represents mechanical engineers and the engineering profession. With over 120,000 members in 140 countries, working across industries such as railways, automotive...	Institution of Mechanical Engineers	[ "Engineering" ]	1,680	[ "Institution of Mechanical Engineers", "Mechanical engineering", "Mechanical engineering organizations" ]
1,404,852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20Safety%20Code	The publication Life Safety Code, known as NFPA 101, is a consensus standard widely adopted in the United States. It is administered, trademarked, copyrighted, and published by the National Fire Protection Association and, like many NFPA documents, is systematically revised on a three-year cycle. Despite its title, th...	Life Safety Code	[ "Engineering" ]	1,725	[ "Construction standards", "Building engineering", "Construction", "Civil engineering", "Architecture" ]
1,406,502	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor%20unit	A monitor unit (MU) is a measure of machine output from a clinical accelerator for radiation therapy such as a linear accelerator or an orthovoltage unit. Monitor units are measured by monitor chambers, which are ionization chambers that measure the dose delivered by a beam and are built into the treatment head of radi...	Monitor unit	[ "Physics" ]	606	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "X-rays", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Medical physics" ]
1,406,812	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20harvesting	Energy harvesting (EH) – also known as power harvesting, energy scavenging, or ambient power – is the process by which energy is derived from external sources (e.g., solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy, also known as ambient energy), then stored for use by small, wireless au...	Energy harvesting	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	6,576	[ "Materials science", "Microtechnology" ]
28,923,195	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumslag%E2%80%93Gersten%20group	In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, the Baumslag–Gersten group, also known as the Baumslag group, is a particular one-relator group exhibiting some remarkable properties regarding its finite quotient groups, its Dehn function and the complexity of its word problem. The group is given by the presenta...	Baumslag–Gersten group	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	743	[ "Geometric group theory", "Mathematical structures", "Group actions", "Mathematical objects", "Algebraic structures", "Symmetry" ]
28,923,910	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20engineering	Electronic engineering is a sub-discipline of electrical engineering that emerged in the early 20th century and is distinguished by the additional use of active components such as semiconductor devices to amplify and control electric current flow. Previously electrical engineering only used passive devices such as mech...	Electronic engineering	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,179	[ "Electrical engineering", "Electronic engineering", "Computer engineering", "nan" ]
28,925,553	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20spectrum	In mathematics, a Dirac spectrum, named after Paul Dirac, is the spectrum of eigenvalues of a Dirac operator on a Riemannian manifold with a spin structure. The isospectral problem for the Dirac spectrum asks whether two Riemannian spin manifolds have identical spectra. The Dirac spectrum depends on the spin structur...	Dirac spectrum	[ "Physics" ]	130	[ "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Quantum physics stubs" ]
6,785,716	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing%20capacity	In geotechnical engineering, bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the ground. The bearing capacity of soil is the maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and the soil which should not produce shear failure in the soil. Ultimate bearing capacity is the theoretical maxi...	Bearing capacity	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,200	[ "Soil mechanics", "Structural engineering", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Foundations (buildings and structures)" ]
6,786,507	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%20initio%20multiple%20spawning	The ab initio multiple spawning, or AIMS, method is a time-dependent formulation of quantum chemistry. In AIMS, nuclear dynamics and electronic structure problems are solved simultaneously. Quantum mechanical effects in the nuclear dynamics are included, especially the nonadiabatic effects which are crucial in modelin...	Ab initio multiple spawning	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	349	[ "Quantum chemistry stubs", "Quantum chemistry", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", " molecular", "nan", "Atomic", "Physical chemistry stubs", " and optical physics" ]
6,788,445	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary%20Fourier%20Spectrometer	The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) is an infrared spectrometer built by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (Italian National Institute for Astrophysics) along with the Istituto di Fisica dello spazio Interplanetario and the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italian National Research Council). The instrument...	Planetary Fourier Spectrometer	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	380	[ "Spectrometers", "Spectroscopy", "Spectrum (physical sciences)" ]
6,790,888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karplus%20equation	The Karplus equation, named after Martin Karplus, describes the correlation between 3J-coupling constants and dihedral torsion angles in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: where J is the 3J coupling constant, is the dihedral angle, and A, B, and C are empirically derived parameters whose values depend on the at...	Karplus equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	274	[ "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "Nuclear physics" ]
6,791,136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamic%20levitation	Aerodynamic levitation is the use of gas pressure to levitate materials so that they are no longer in physical contact with any container. In scientific experiments this removes contamination and nucleation issues associated with physical contact with a container. Overview The term aerodynamic levitation could be appl...	Aerodynamic levitation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	510	[ "Physical phenomena", "Aerodynamics", "Levitation", "Motion (physics)", "Aerospace engineering", "Fluid dynamics" ]
30,422,155	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar%20ice	Interstellar ice consists of grains of volatiles in the ice phase that form in the interstellar medium. Ice and dust grains form the primary material out of which the Solar System was formed. Grains of ice are found in the dense regions of molecular clouds, where new stars are formed. Temperatures in these regions can ...	Interstellar ice	[ "Chemistry", "Astronomy" ]	678	[ "Interstellar media", "Outer space", "Astrochemistry", "nan", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
30,423,565	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosome%20positioning%20region%20database	Nucleosome Positioning Region Database (NPRD) is a database of nucleosome formation sites (NFSs). See also References External links http://srs6.bionet.nsc.ru/srs6/. Biological databases Genetics databases	Nucleosome positioning region database	[ "Biology" ]	59	[ "Bioinformatics", "Biological databases" ]
30,426,861	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyburn-Midale%20Carbon%20Dioxide%20Project	The Weyburn-Midale Carbon Dioxide Project (or IEA GHG Weyburn-Midale Monitoring and Storage Project) was, as of 2008, the world's largest carbon capture and storage project. It has since been overtaken in terms of carbon capture capacity by projects such as the Shute Creek project and the Century Plant. It is located ...	Weyburn-Midale Carbon Dioxide Project	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	2,316	[ "Chemical engineering", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering" ]
30,438,370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw%20pump	A screw pump is a positive-displacement pump that use one or several screws to move fluid solids or liquids along the screw(s) axis. History The screw pump is the oldest positive displacement pump. The first records of a water screw, or screw pump, dates back to Ancient Egypt before the 3rd century BC. The Egyptian s...	Screw pump	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	938	[ "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Turbomachinery", "Pumps" ]
30,439,786	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity%20ligation%20assay	Proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) is a technology that extends the capabilities of traditional immunoassays to include direct detection of proteins, protein interactions, extracellular vesicles and post translational modifications with high specificity and sensitivity. Protein targets can be readily detected and l...	Proximity ligation assay	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	584	[ "Biochemistry detection reactions", "Microbiology techniques", "Immunologic tests", "Biochemical reactions" ]
37,025,096	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamilur%20Reza%20Choudhury	Dr. Jamilur Reza Choudhury (15 November 1942 – 28 April 2020) was a Bangladeshi civil engineer, professor, researcher, and education advocate. He was an Adviser (Minister) to Caretaker Government of Bangladesh (April–June 1996). He was the first vice chancellor of BRAC University and former vice chancellor of Universit...	Jamilur Reza Choudhury	[ "Engineering" ]	1,083	[ "Structural engineering", "Structural engineers" ]
37,032,125	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candicine	Candicine is a naturally occurring organic compound that is a quaternary ammonium salt with a phenethylamine skeleton. It is the N,N,N-trimethyl derivative of the well-known biogenic amine tyramine, and, being a natural product with a positively charged nitrogen atom in its molecular structure, it is classed as an alka...	Candicine	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,908	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Natural products", "Chemical ecology", "Plant toxins", "Organic compounds", "Alkaloids" ]
37,033,212	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half%20sandwich%20compound	Half sandwich compounds, also known as piano stool complexes, are organometallic complexes that feature a cyclic polyhapto ligand bound to an MLn center, where L is a unidentate ligand. Thousands of such complexes are known. Well-known examples include cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl and (C5H5)TiCl3. Commercially useful...	Half sandwich compound	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,401	[ "Organic compounds", "Half sandwich compounds", "Organometallic chemistry", "Coordination chemistry" ]
24,364,411	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version%20vector	A version vector is a mechanism for tracking changes to data in a distributed system, where multiple agents might update the data at different times. The version vector allows the participants to determine if one update preceded another (happened-before), followed it, or if the two updates happened concurrently (and th...	Version vector	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	585	[ "Physical quantities", "Time", "Distributed computing problems", "Computational problems", "Spacetime", "Mathematical problems", "Logical clock algorithms" ]
24,365,117	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20square	The thermodynamic square (also known as the thermodynamic wheel, Guggenheim scheme or Born square) is a mnemonic diagram attributed to Max Born and used to help determine thermodynamic relations. Born presented the thermodynamic square in a 1929 lecture. The symmetry of thermodynamics appears in a paper by F.O. Koenig...	Thermodynamic square	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	838	[ "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
24,366,867	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispensation%20%28theology%29	In theology, one meaning of the term dispensation is as a distinctive arrangement or period in history that forms the framework through which God relates to mankind. Baháʼí dispensations In the Baháʼí Faith, a dispensation is a period of progressive revelation relating to the major religions of humanity, usually with ...	Dispensation (theology)	[ "Physics" ]	705	[ "Spacetime", "Time in religion", "Physical quantities", "Time" ]
24,369,901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20covalent%20bonding	A network solid or covalent network solid (also called atomic crystalline solids or giant covalent structures) is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material. In a network solid there are no individual molecules, and the ent...	Network covalent bonding	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	495	[ "Chemical bonding", "Condensed matter physics", "nan" ]
27,637,144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl%20oxidation%20with%20hypervalent%20iodine%20reagents	Carbonyl oxidation with hypervalent iodine reagents involves the functionalization of the α position of carbonyl compounds through the intermediacy of a hypervalent iodine(III) enolate species. This electrophilic intermediate may be attacked by a variety of nucleophiles or undergo rearrangement or elimination. Introdu...	Carbonyl oxidation with hypervalent iodine reagents	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,329	[ "Organic oxidation reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
27,639,095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter%20tests%20of%20Lorentz%20violation	High-precision experiments could reveal small previously unseen differences between the behavior of matter and antimatter. This prospect is appealing to physicists because it may show that nature is not Lorentz symmetric. Introduction Ordinary matter is made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons. The quantum behavio...	Antimatter tests of Lorentz violation	[ "Physics" ]	2,201	[ "Antimatter", "Matter" ]
27,642,888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20utility	An electric utility, or a power company, is a company in the electric power industry (often a public utility) that engages in electricity generation and distribution of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market. The electrical utility industry is a major provider of energy in most countries. Electric utilit...	Electric utility	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,105	[ "Power (physics)", "Electrical engineering", "Electric power", "Physical quantities" ]
25,778,520	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic%20background%20radiation	Cosmic background radiation is electromagnetic radiation that fills all space. The origin of this radiation depends on the region of the spectrum that is observed. One component is the cosmic microwave background. This component is redshifted photons that have freely streamed from an epoch when the Universe became tran...	Cosmic background radiation	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	644	[ "Physical phenomena", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Concepts in astronomy", "Electromagnetic radiation", "Theoretical physics", "Observational astronomy", "Astrophysics", "Radiation", "Physical cosmology" ]
25,779,373	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISSP	RISSP stands for Record of Inter System Safety Precautions . It is a written record of inter-system safety precautions to be compiled in accordance with the provisions of Operating Code no. 8 (OC8). Where a High Voltage electrical boundary occurs, for instance between a power station and electrical utility, the safety...	RISSP	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	736	[ "Power (physics)", "Electrical engineering", "Electric power", "Physical quantities" ]
34,494,017	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracking%20proppants	A proppant is a solid material, typically sand, treated sand or man-made ceramic materials, designed to keep an induced hydraulic fracture open, during or following a fracturing treatment, most commonly for unconventional reservoirs. It is added to a fracking fluid which may vary in composition depending on the type of...	Fracking proppants	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,323	[ "Petroleum engineering", "Petroleum technology", "Energy engineering", "Natural gas technology", "Hydraulic fracturing" ]
34,494,696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ShelXle	The program ShelXle is a graphical user interface for the structure refinement program SHELXL. ShelXle combines an editor with syntax highlighting for the SHELXL-associated (input) and (output) files with an interactive graphical display for visualization of a three-dimensional structure including the electron densit...	ShelXle	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	478	[ "Molecular modelling software", "Computational chemistry software", "Molecular modelling", "Crystallography", "Crystallography software" ]
34,500,031	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose%20phosphate%20broth	Glucose phosphate broth is used to perform methyl red (MR) test and Voges–Proskauer test (VP). Contents Glucose – 5 g/L Dipotassium phosphate – 5 g/L Proteose Peptone – 5 g/L Distilled water – 1000 mL pH – 6.9 Methyl red test Principle It is used to determine the ability of an organism to produce mixed acids by fe...	Glucose phosphate broth	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Biology" ]	649	[ "Titration", "PH indicators", "Chromism", "Chemical tests", "Equilibrium chemistry", "Microbiology techniques" ]
22,843,059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slater%20integrals	In mathematics and mathematical physics, Slater integrals are certain integrals of products of three spherical harmonics. They occur naturally when applying an orthonormal basis of functions on the unit sphere that transform in a particular way under rotations in three dimensions. Such integrals are particularly useful...	Slater integrals	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	253	[ "Quantum chemistry stubs", "Quantum chemistry", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", "Atomic physics", " molecular", " and optical physics", "Atomic", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Symmetry", "Rotational symmetry" ]
22,844,355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93Rado%20theorem	In partition calculus, part of combinatorial set theory, a branch of mathematics, the Erdős–Rado theorem is a basic result extending Ramsey's theorem to uncountable sets. It is named after Paul Erdős and Richard Rado. It is sometimes also attributed to Đuro Kurepa who proved it under the additional assumption of the g...	Erdős–Rado theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	261	[ "Theorems in combinatorics", "Set theory", "Mathematical logic", "Combinatorics", "Theorems in discrete mathematics" ]

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