id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22,844,401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy%20analysis%20method | The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is a semi-analytical technique to solve nonlinear ordinary/partial differential equations. The homotopy analysis method employs the concept of the homotopy from topology to generate a convergent series solution for nonlinear systems. This is enabled by utilizing a homotopy-Maclaurin... | Homotopy analysis method | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,641 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Asymptotic analysis"
] |
22,847,720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro%20de%20Estudios%20Cient%C3%ADficos | Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs; Center for Scientific Studies) is a private, non-profit corporation based in Valdivia, Chile, devoted to the development, promotion and diffusion of scientific research.
History
CECs research areas include biophysics, molecular physiology, theoretical physics, glaciology and clim... | Centro de Estudios Científicos | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 317 | [
"Biochemistry research institutes",
"Astrophysics research institutes",
"Astrophysics",
"Biochemistry organizations"
] |
22,848,552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunarcrete | Lunarcrete, also known as "mooncrete", an idea first proposed by Larry A. Beyer of the University of Pittsburgh in 1985, is a hypothetical construction aggregate, similar to concrete, formed from lunar regolith, that would reduce the construction costs of building on the Moon. AstroCrete is a more general concept also ... | Lunarcrete | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 1,888 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Industry in space",
"Outer space",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Concrete",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
22,851,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isbell%20duality | Isbell conjugacy (a.k.a. Isbell duality or Isbell adjunction) (named after John R. Isbell) is a fundamental construction of enriched category theory formally introduced by William Lawvere in 1986. That is a duality between covariant and contravariant representable presheaves associated with an objects of categories und... | Isbell duality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 382 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Category theory stubs",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical relations",
"Category theory"
] |
22,852,793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset/liability%20modeling | Asset/liability modeling is the process used to manage the business and financial objectives of a financial institution or an individual through an assessment of the portfolio assets and liabilities in an integrated manner. The process is characterized by an ongoing review, modification and revision of asset and liabi... | Asset/liability modeling | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,075 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Actuarial science"
] |
31,499,475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heated%20humidified%20high-flow%20therapy | Heated humidified high-flow therapy, often simply called high flow therapy , is a type of respiratory support that delivers a flow of medical gas to a patient of up to 60 liters per minute and 100% oxygen through a large bore or high flow nasal cannula. Primarily studied in neonates, it has also been found effective in... | Heated humidified high-flow therapy | [
"Biology"
] | 1,153 | [
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
31,500,459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20Circular%20Dichroism%20Data%20Bank | The Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank (PCDDB) is a database of circular dichroism and synchrotron radiation.
See also
Circular dichroism
Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism
References
External links
http://pcddb.cryst.bbk.ac.uk.
Protein databases
Polarization (waves)
Protein structure
Electromagnetic rad... | Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 81 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Astrophysics",
"Radiation",
"Structural biology",
"Protein structure",
"Polarization (waves)"
] |
31,501,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20acceleration | Spectral acceleration (SA) is a unit measured in g (the acceleration due to Earth's gravity, equivalent to g-force) that describes the maximum acceleration in an earthquake on an object – specifically a damped, harmonic oscillator moving in one physical dimension. This can be measured at (or specified for) different os... | Spectral acceleration | [
"Engineering"
] | 241 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Earthquake engineering",
"Civil engineering"
] |
31,501,543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffman%E2%80%93Graham%20algorithm | The Coffman–Graham algorithm is an algorithm for arranging the elements of a partially ordered set into a sequence of levels. The algorithm chooses an arrangement such that an element that comes after another in the order is assigned to a lower level, and such that each level has a number of elements that does not exce... | Coffman–Graham algorithm | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,636 | [
"Optimal scheduling",
"Industrial engineering"
] |
31,502,236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duramold | Duramold is a composite material process developed by Virginius E. Clark. Birch or poplar plies are impregnated with phenolic resin and laminated together in a mold under heat (280 °F, 138 °C) and pressure for use as a lightweight structural material. Similar to plywood, Duramold and other lightweight composite materi... | Duramold | [
"Engineering"
] | 494 | [
"Aerospace materials",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
31,505,928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20bridge%20%28filtration%20system%29 | Green bridges are an ecotechnological in-situ bio remediation system. Their different physical and biological filters work in combination to remove suspended and dissolved impurities of water. Green bridge filters help in reducing the suspended solids by filtration process, reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)/Biochem... | Green bridge (filtration system) | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 613 | [
"Water treatment",
"Chemical engineering",
"Sewerage infrastructure",
"Pollution control technologies",
"Water pollution",
"Sewerage",
"Civil engineering",
"Ecosystems",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology",
"Aquatic ecology"
] |
31,508,894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-aggregate | A J-aggregate is a type of dye with an absorption band that shifts to a longer wavelength (bathochromic shift) of increasing sharpness (higher absorption coefficient) when it aggregates under the influence of a solvent or additive or concentration as a result of supramolecular self-organisation. The dye can be characte... | J-aggregate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 728 | [
"Luminescence",
"Fluorescence",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Absorption spectroscopy",
"Materials",
"nan",
"Nanotechnology",
"Spectroscopy",
"Matter",
"Supramolecular chemistry"
] |
35,685,954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20distributive%20law | The generalized distributive law (GDL) is a generalization of the distributive property which gives rise to a general message passing algorithm. It is a synthesis of the work of many authors in the information theory, digital communications, signal processing, statistics, and artificial intelligence communities. The la... | Generalized distributive law | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,354 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Algorithms",
"Mathematical logic",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
35,690,430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy%20extractor | Fuzzy extractors are a method that allows biometric data to be used as inputs to standard cryptographic techniques, to enhance computer security. "Fuzzy", in this context, refers to the fact that the fixed values required for cryptography will be extracted from values close to but not identical to the original key, wit... | Fuzzy extractor | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,645 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Coding theory"
] |
2,046,416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20fuel | Nuclear fuel refers to any substance, typically fissile material, which is used by nuclear power stations or other nuclear devices to generate energy.
Oxide fuel
For fission reactors, the fuel (typically based on uranium) is usually based on the metal oxide; the oxides are used rather than the metals themselves becau... | Nuclear fuel | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 7,622 | [
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Nuclear technology",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
2,047,150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincidence%20point | In mathematics, a coincidence point (or simply coincidence) of two functions is a point in their common domain having the same image.
Formally, given two functions
we say that a point x in X is a coincidence point of f and g if f(x) = g(x).
Coincidence theory (the study of coincidence points) is, in most settings, a... | Coincidence point | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 234 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Fixed points (mathematics)",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,050,029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISOLDE | The ISOLDE (Isotope Separator On Line DEvice) Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, is an on-line isotope separator facility located at the centre of the CERN accelerator complex on the Franco-Swiss border. Created in 1964, the ISOLDE facility started delivering radioactive ion beams (RIBs) to users in 1967. Originally locate... | ISOLDE | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 6,569 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
2,050,151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%20low%20as%20reasonably%20practicable | As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP), or as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), is a principle in the regulation and management of safety-critical and safety-involved systems. The principle is that the residual risk shall be reduced as far as reasonably practicable. In UK and NZ Health and safety law, it is equiv... | As low as reasonably practicable | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,763 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"Safety engineering",
"Process safety"
] |
2,050,667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20tomography | Quantum tomography or quantum state tomography is the process by which a quantum state is reconstructed using measurements on an ensemble of identical quantum states. The source of these states may be any device or system which prepares quantum states either consistently into quantum pure states or otherwise into gener... | Quantum tomography | [
"Physics"
] | 4,340 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
2,050,671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed%20retreat | Managed retreat involves the purposeful, coordinated movement of people and buildings away from risks. This may involve the movement of a person, infrastructure (e.g., building or road), or community. It can occur in response to a variety of hazards such as flood, wildfire, or drought. Politicians, insurers, and reside... | Managed retreat | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,335 | [
"Coastal engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Ecology"
] |
2,050,894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astringent | An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues. The word derives from the Latin adstringere, which means "to bind fast". Astringency, the dry, puckering or numbing mouthfeel caused by the tannins in unripe fruits, lets the fruit mature by deterring eating. Tannins, be... | Astringent | [
"Chemistry"
] | 671 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Drugs",
"Products of chemical industry"
] |
2,051,037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20biotechnology | Environmental biotechnology is biotechnology that is applied to and used to study the natural environment. Environmental biotechnology could also imply that one try to harness biological process for commercial uses and exploitation. The International Society for Environmental Biotechnology defines environmental biote... | Environmental biotechnology | [
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 721 | [
"nan",
"Biotechnology"
] |
21,400,224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossby-gravity%20waves | Rossby-gravity waves are equatorially trapped waves (much like Kelvin waves), meaning that they rapidly decay as their distance increases away from the equator (so long as the Brunt–Vaisala frequency does not remain constant). These waves have the same trapping scale as Kelvin waves, more commonly known as the equator... | Rossby-gravity waves | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 918 | [
"Gravity waves",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
21,402,632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography | Electroencephalography (EEG)
is a method to record an electrogram of the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain. The biosignals detected by EEG have been shown to represent the postsynaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and allocortex. It is typically non-invasive, with the EEG electrodes place... | Electroencephalography | [
"Mathematics"
] | 13,592 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematics in medicine"
] |
21,406,108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconocene%20dichloride | Zirconocene dichloride is an organozirconium compound composed of a zirconium central atom, with two cyclopentadienyl and two chloro ligands. It is a colourless diamagnetic solid that is somewhat stable in air.
Preparation and structure
Zirconocene dichloride may be prepared from zirconium(IV) chloride-tetrahydrofuran... | Zirconocene dichloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 967 | [
"Organometallic chemistry",
"Cyclopentadienyl complexes"
] |
21,406,724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Key | A U-Key is an implementation of the MIFARE RFID chip, encased in a plastic key style housing. It is used as a prepayment system on vending machines and for some self-service diving air compressors in Switzerland, and they will be most likely made by Selecta (company).
References
Smart cards
Radio-frequency identifi... | U-Key | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 78 | [
"Radio-frequency identification",
"Radio electronics",
"Data",
"Automatic identification and data capture"
] |
21,407,524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bark%20spud | The bark spud (also known as a peeling iron, peeler bar, peeling spud, or abbreviated to spud) is an implement which is used to remove bark from felled timber.
Construction
Most bark spuds have steel heads and wooden handles, typically hickory or ash. The head is curved, sometimes in one direction with a single cuttin... | Bark spud | [
"Physics"
] | 170 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical hand tools"
] |
20,361,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iopydol | Iopydol is a pharmaceutical drug used as a radiocontrast agent in X-ray imaging.
See also
Iodinated contrast
References
Iodoarenes
Vicinal diols
4-Pyridones
Radiocontrast agents | Iopydol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 50 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs"
] |
20,361,954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Institute%20of%20Earthquake%20Engineering%20and%20Seismology | International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) (Persian: پژوهشگاه بینالمللی زلزلهشناسی و مهندسی زلزله) is an international earthquake engineering and seismology institute based in Iran. It was established as a result of the 24th UNESCO General Conference Resolution DR/250 under Iranian gover... | International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology | [
"Engineering"
] | 334 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Earthquake engineering",
"Earthquake and seismic risk mitigation",
"Civil engineering"
] |
20,361,979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipiodone | Adipiodone (INN, or iodipamide; trade names Cholografin and Biligrafin) is a pharmaceutical drug used as a radiocontrast agent in X-ray imaging. It was introduced in the 1950s.
References
Radiocontrast agents
Iodobenzene derivatives
Benzoic acids
Anilides | Adipiodone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 70 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs"
] |
20,364,782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WEAP | WEAP (the Water Evaluation and Planning system) is a model-building tool for water resource planning and policy analysis that is distributed at no charge to non-profit, academic, and governmental organizations in developing countries.
WEAP can be used to create simulations of water demand, supply, runoff, evapotranspi... | WEAP | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 677 | [
"Hydrology",
"Biological models",
"Chemical engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydrology models",
"Environmental engineering",
"Environmental modelling"
] |
20,370,216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen-cooled%20turbo%20generator | A hydrogen-cooled turbo generator is a turbo generator with gaseous hydrogen as a coolant. Hydrogen-cooled turbo generators are designed to provide a low-drag atmosphere and cooling for single-shaft and combined-cycle applications in combination with steam turbines. Because of the high thermal conductivity and other fa... | Hydrogen-cooled turbo generator | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,855 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electric power",
"Physical quantities"
] |
28,926,782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20X%20%28accelerator%29 | Project-X is a proposed high-intensity proton accelerator complex which is to be built at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. It is planned to produce beams of different energies up to 8 GeV for precision experiments involving kaons and muons. The complex can also be used to create a high-intensity neutrino beam... | Project X (accelerator) | [
"Physics"
] | 417 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle physics"
] |
28,928,091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexity%20function | In computer science, the complexity function of a word or string (a finite or infinite sequence of symbols from some alphabet) is the function that counts the number of distinct factors (substrings of consecutive symbols) of that string. More generally, the complexity function of a formal language (a set of finite stri... | Complexity function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 994 | [
"Theoretical computer science",
"Applied mathematics"
] |
28,933,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic%20center%20of%20the%20United%20States | The geographic center of the United States is a point approximately north of Belle Fourche, South Dakota at . It has been regarded as such by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS) since the additions of Alaska and Hawaii to the United States in 1959.
Overview
This i... | Geographic center of the United States | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,072 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Geographical centres",
"Symmetry"
] |
28,934,494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama9 | Panorama9 is a cloud-based service within enterprise Network management. The service is provided by the company of the same name and is a cloud-based remote monitoring and management RMM (Remote monitoring and management) service which consists of a hosted Dashboard displaying the status of all devices on an enterprise... | Panorama9 | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 242 | [
"Information systems",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Network management",
"System administration"
] |
28,936,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20group | In topology, a branch of mathematics, a string group is an infinite-dimensional group introduced by as a -connected cover of a spin group. A string manifold is a manifold with a lifting of its frame bundle to a string group bundle. This means that in addition to being able to define holonomy along paths, one can also... | String group | [
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 669 | [
"String theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Group theory"
] |
28,937,040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoluchowski%20factor | The Smoluchowski factor, also known as von Smoluchowski's f-factor is related to inter-particle interactions. It is named after Marian Smoluchowski.
References
See also
Flocculation
Smoluchowski coagulation equation
Einstein–Smoluchowski relation
Physical chemistry | Smoluchowski factor | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 64 | [
"Physical chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"nan"
] |
5,167,489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible%20manufacturing%20system | A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a manufacturing system in which there is some amount of flexibility that allows the system to react in case of changes, whether predicted or unpredicted.
This flexibility is generally considered to fall into two categories, which both contain numerous subcategories.
The first... | Flexible manufacturing system | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,065 | [
"Manufacturing",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
5,168,545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langevin%20dynamics | In physics, Langevin dynamics is an approach to the mathematical modeling of the dynamics of molecular systems using the Langevin equation. It was originally developed by French physicist Paul Langevin. The approach is characterized by the use of simplified models while accounting for omitted degrees of freedom by the ... | Langevin dynamics | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 551 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
5,168,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemogenomics | Chemogenomics, or chemical genomics, is the systematic screening of targeted chemical libraries of small molecules against individual drug target families (e.g., GPCRs, nuclear receptors, kinases, proteases, etc.) with the ultimate goal of identification of novel drugs and drug targets. Typically some members of a tar... | Chemogenomics | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,773 | [
"Life sciences industry",
"Drug discovery",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"nan",
"Cheminformatics",
"Medicinal chemistry"
] |
5,170,027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18-electron%20rule | The 18-electron rule is a chemical rule of thumb used primarily for predicting and rationalizing formulas for stable transition metal complexes, especially organometallic compounds. The rule is based on the fact that the valence orbitals in the electron configuration of transition metals consist of five (n−1)d orbitals... | 18-electron rule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,432 | [
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
5,173,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20field%20theory | In theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a relativistically invariant classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation.
The only fundamental scalar quantum field that has been observed in nature is the Higgs field. However, scalar quantum fields... | Scalar field theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,569 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
5,174,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact%20shot | A contact shot is a gunshot wound incurred while the muzzle of the firearm is in direct contact with the body at the moment of discharge. Contact shots are often the result of close-range gunfights, suicide, or execution.
Terminal effects
Wounds caused by contact shots are devastating, as the body absorbs the entire d... | Contact shot | [
"Physics"
] | 424 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Ballistics"
] |
5,175,578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston%20motion%20equations | The reciprocating motion of a non-offset piston connected to a rotating crank through a connecting rod (as would be found in internal combustion engines) can be expressed by equations of motion. This article shows how these equations of motion can be derived using calculus as functions of angle (angle domain) and of ti... | Piston motion equations | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,273 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Engines",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Engine technology",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
25,792,575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Federation%20of%20Medical%20and%20Biological%20Engineering | The International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) was initially formed as International Federation for Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering during the 2nd International Conference of Medical and Biological Engineering, in the UNESCO Building, Paris, France in 1959. It is primarily a f... | International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 665 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Medical technology",
"Biomedical engineering"
] |
25,798,453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy%20automation | Pharmacy automation involves the mechanical processes of handling and distributing medications. Any pharmacy task may be involved, including counting small objects (e.g., tablets, capsules); measuring and mixing powders and liquids for compounding; tracking and updating customer information in databases (e.g., personal... | Pharmacy automation | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 2,875 | [
"Control engineering",
"Medical robotics",
"Automation",
"Medical technology"
] |
3,819,635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak%20inverse%20voltage | The peak inverse voltage is either the specified maximum voltage that a diode rectifier can block, or, alternatively, the maximum voltage that a rectifier needs to block in a given circuit. The peak inverse voltage increases with an increase in temperature and decreases with a decrease in temperature.
In semiconductor... | Peak inverse voltage | [
"Engineering"
] | 290 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
3,821,872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly%20number | In number theory, friendly numbers are two or more natural numbers with a common abundancy index, the ratio between the sum of divisors of a number and the number itself. Two numbers with the same "abundancy" form a friendly pair; n numbers with the same abundancy form a friendly n-tuple.
Being mutually friendly is an... | Friendly number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,417 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Integer sequences",
"Mathematical structures",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Unsolved problems in number theory",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Numbers",
"Number theory"
] |
3,822,979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibonding%20molecular%20orbital | In theoretical chemistry, an antibonding orbital is a type of molecular orbital that weakens the chemical bond between two atoms and helps to raise the energy of the molecule relative to the separated atoms. Such an orbital has one or more nodes in the bonding region between the nuclei. The density of the electrons in ... | Antibonding molecular orbital | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,001 | [
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
3,823,804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20flip | In organic chemistry, a ring flip (also known as a ring inversion or ring reversal) is the interconversion of cyclic conformers that have equivalent ring shapes (e.g., from a chair conformer to another chair conformer) that results in the exchange of nonequivalent substituent positions. The overall process generally ta... | Ring flip | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,322 | [
"Molecules",
"Molecular geometry",
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan",
"Spacetime",
"Matter"
] |
3,823,863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-y%20method | In geotechnical civil engineering, the p–y is a method of analyzing the ability of deep foundations to resist loads applied in the lateral direction. This method uses the finite difference method and p-y graphs to find a solution. P–y graphs are graphs which relate the force applied to soil to the lateral deflection of... | P-y method | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 355 | [
"Soil mechanics",
"Civil engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Civil engineering stubs"
] |
3,824,261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed%20Dependent%20Damping%20Control | Speed Dependent Damping Control (also called SD²C) was an automatic damper system installed on late-1980s and early-1990s Cadillac automobiles. This system firmed up the suspension at 25 mph (40 km/h) and again at 60 mph (97 km/h). The firmest setting was also used when starting from a standstill until 5 mph (8 km/h)... | Speed Dependent Damping Control | [
"Physics"
] | 186 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical power control"
] |
3,824,441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitallium | Vitallium is an alloy of 65% cobalt, 30% chromium, 5% molybdenum, and other substances. The alloy is used in dentistry and artificial joints, because of its resistance to corrosion. It is also used for components of turbochargers because of its thermal resistance. Vitallium was developed by Albert W. Merrick for the Au... | Vitallium | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 327 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Alloy stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Materials",
"Alloys",
"Medical technology stubs",
"Medical technology",
"Chromium alloys",
"Matter",
"Cobalt alloys"
] |
3,824,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20availability | High availability (HA) is a characteristic of a system that aims to ensure an agreed level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period.
There is now more dependence on these systems as a result of modernization. For instance, in order to carry out their regular daily tasks, hospitals an... | High availability | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,380 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Applied probability",
"Computer engineering",
"Reliability engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Quantity",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"System administration",
"Information systems"
] |
3,824,919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor%20recovery | Vapor (or vapour) recovery is the process of collecting the vapors of gasoline and other fuels, so that they do not escape into the atmosphere. This is often done (and sometimes required by law) at filling stations, to reduce noxious and potentially explosive fumes and pollution.
The negative pressure created by a vac... | Vapor recovery | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 733 | [
"Matter",
"Phases of matter",
"Pollution control technologies",
"Environmental engineering",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases"
] |
30,441,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%20%3D%202%20superconformal%20algebra | In mathematical physics, the 2D N = 2 superconformal algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebra, related to supersymmetry, that occurs in string theory and two-dimensional conformal field theory. It has important applications in mirror symmetry. It was introduced by as a gauge algebra of the U(1) fermionic st... | N = 2 superconformal algebra | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 999 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Representation theory",
"String theory",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
30,445,334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixes%20that%20fail | Fixes that fail is a system archetype that in system dynamics is used to describe and analyze a situation, where a fix effective in the short-term creates side effects for the long-term behaviour of the system and may result in the need of even more fixes. This archetype may be also known as fixes that backfire or corr... | Fixes that fail | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,120 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Operations research"
] |
37,039,369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic%20overpressure | Geologic overpressure in stratigraphic layers is caused by the inability of connate pore fluids to escape as the surrounding mineral matrix compacts under the lithostatic pressure caused by overlying layers. Fluid escape may be impeded by sealing of the compacting rock by surrounding impermeable layers (such as evapori... | Geologic overpressure | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 277 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Petroleum technology",
"Pressure",
"Petroleum",
"Oil wells",
"Petroleum geology",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
37,039,918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20structure%20and%20the%20axiom%20of%20choice | In mathematics a group is a set together with a binary operation on the set called multiplication that obeys the group axioms. The axiom of choice is an axiom of ZFC set theory which in one form states that every set can be wellordered.
In ZF set theory, i.e. ZFC without the axiom of choice, the following statements a... | Group structure and the axiom of choice | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,212 | [
"Mathematical axioms",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Axiom of choice",
"Axioms of set theory"
] |
37,040,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20customer%20view | A single customer view is an aggregated, consistent and holistic representation of the data held by an organisation about its customers that can be viewed in one place, such as a single page. The advantage to an organisation of attaining this unified view comes from the ability it gives to analyse past behaviour in ord... | Single customer view | [
"Technology"
] | 294 | [
"Data management",
"Data"
] |
37,040,772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bour%27s%20minimal%20surface | In mathematics, Bour's minimal surface is a two-dimensional minimal surface, embedded with self-crossings into three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is named after Edmond Bour, whose work on minimal surfaces won him the 1861 mathematics prize of the French Academy of Sciences.
Description
Bour's surface crosses itsel... | Bour's minimal surface | [
"Chemistry"
] | 252 | [
"Foams",
"Minimal surfaces"
] |
37,041,835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERCI%20Retriever | The MERCI Retriever is a medical device designed to treat Ischemic Strokes. The name is an acronym for Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia. Designed by University of California, Los Angeles in 2001, MERCI was the first device approved in the U.S. to remove blood clots in patients who had acute brain ischemi... | MERCI Retriever | [
"Biology"
] | 391 | [
"Medical devices",
"Medical technology"
] |
37,041,987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargmann%E2%80%93Wigner%20equations | In relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the Bargmann–Wigner equations describe free particles with non-zero mass and arbitrary spin , an integer for bosons () or half-integer for fermions (). The solutions to the equations are wavefunctions, mathematically in the form of multi-component spinor field... | Bargmann–Wigner equations | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,242 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
37,044,564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20limiting%20reactor | In electrical engineering, current limiting reactors can reduce short-circuit currents, which result from plant expansions and power source additions, to levels that can be adequately handled by existing distribution equipment.
They can also be used in high voltage electric power transmission grids for a similar purpos... | Current limiting reactor | [
"Engineering"
] | 537 | [
"Electrical engineering"
] |
24,372,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial%20ferritin | Mitochondrial ferritin is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTMT gene.
It is classified as a metal-binding protein which is located within the mitochondria. After the protein is taken up by the mitochondria it can be processed into a mature protein and assemble functional ferritin shells.
Structur... | Mitochondrial ferritin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 148 | [
"Mitochondria",
"Metabolism"
] |
24,376,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filigree%20concrete | The Filigree Wideslab method is a process for construction of concrete floor decks from two interconnected concrete placements, one precast in a factory, and the other done in the field. The method was developed during the late 1960s by Harry H. Wise as a more efficient and economic construction process than convention... | Filigree concrete | [
"Engineering"
] | 341 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Concrete"
] |
24,376,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bray%E2%80%93Curtis%20dissimilarity | In ecology and biology, the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity is a statistic used to quantify the dissimilarity in species composition between two different sites, based on counts at each site. It is named after J. Roger Bray and John T. Curtis who first presented it in a paper in 1957.
The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between ... | Bray–Curtis dissimilarity | [
"Biology"
] | 744 | [
"Biodiversity",
"Measurement of biodiversity"
] |
24,376,770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20Membrane%20Biology | Molecular Membrane Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes review articles of biomembranes at the molecular level. It is published by Taylor & Francis. The editor-in-chief is Vincent Postis.
External links
Academic journals established in 1978
Molecular and cellular biology journals
Taylor & Fr... | Molecular Membrane Biology | [
"Chemistry"
] | 69 | [
"Molecular and cellular biology journals",
"Molecular biology"
] |
24,376,808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubblization | Rubblization is a construction and engineering technique that involves saving time and transportation costs by reducing existing concrete into rubble at its current location rather than hauling it to another location. Rubblization has two primary applications: creating a base for new roadways and decommissioning nuclea... | Rubblization | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 398 | [
"Building engineering",
"Materials",
"Civil engineering",
"Matter",
"Architecture"
] |
24,377,618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20171238 | HD 171238 is a star with an orbiting exoplanet in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. It is located at a distance of 145 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of 21 km/s. The star has an absolute magnitude of 5.15, but at the distance of thi... | HD 171238 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 355 | [
"Sagittarius (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
24,378,029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C16H13Cl2NO4 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C16H13Cl2NO4}}
The molecular formula C16H13Cl2NO4 (molar mass: 354.185 g/mol, exact mass: 353.0222 u) may refer to:
Aceclofenac
Quinfamide
Molecular formulas | C16H13Cl2NO4 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 67 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,378,119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C12H11N | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C12H11N}}
The molecular formula C12H11N (molar mass: 169.22 g/mol) may refer to:
Aminobiphenyls
2-Aminobiphenyl (2-APB)
3-Aminobiphenyl
4-Aminobiphenyl (4-APB)
Diphenylamine
Molecular formulas | C12H11N | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 85 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,381,424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritic%20nitrocarburizing | Ferritic nitrocarburizing or FNC, also known by the proprietary names "Tenifer", "Tufftride", Melonite, and "Arcor", is a range of proprietary case hardening processes that diffuse nitrogen and carbon into ferrous metals at sub-critical temperatures during a salt bath. Other methods of ferritic nitrocarburizing include... | Ferritic nitrocarburizing | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,231 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Metal heat treatments"
] |
24,383,048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov%20radiation | Cherenkov radiation () is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium (such as distilled water) at a speed greater than the phase velocity (speed of propagation of a wavefront in a medium) of light in that medium. A classic example of Cherenkov rad... | Cherenkov radiation | [
"Physics"
] | 3,779 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Special relativity",
"Experimental particle physics",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
34,511,184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20meter | A current meter is an oceanographic device for flow measurement by mechanical, tilt, acoustical or electrical means.
Different reference frames
In physics, one distinguishes different reference frames depending on where the observer is located, this is the basics for
the Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the fl... | Current meter | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,117 | [
"Ocean currents",
"Oceanographic instrumentation",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Physical oceanography",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
34,514,105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiparty%20communication%20complexity | In theoretical computer science, multiparty communication complexity is the study of communication complexity in the setting where there are more than 2 players.
In the traditional two–party communication game, introduced by , two players, P1 and P2 attempt to compute a Boolean function
Player P1 knows the value ... | Multiparty communication complexity | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 704 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
22,857,779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udwadia%E2%80%93Kalaba%20formulation | In classical mechanics, the Udwadia–Kalaba formulation is a method for deriving the equations of motion of a constrained mechanical system. The method was first described by Anatolii Fedorovich Vereshchagin for the particular case of robotic arms, and later generalized to all mechanical systems by Firdaus E. Udwadia a... | Udwadia–Kalaba formulation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,719 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Mechanics",
"Dynamics (mechanics)",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
22,858,502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition%20surge | The opposition surge (sometimes known as the opposition effect, opposition spike or Seeliger effect) is the brightening of a rough surface, or an object with many particles, when illuminated from directly behind the observer. The term is most widely used in astronomy, where generally it refers to the sudden noticeable ... | Opposition surge | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 1,232 | [
"Physical phenomena",
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Astronomical events",
"Observational astronomy",
"Optical phenomena",
"Scattering",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Radiometry"
] |
22,860,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantibody | Passive immunization is a medical strategy long employed to provide temporary protection against pathogens. Early implementations involved recovering ostensibly cell-free plasma from the blood of human survivors or from non-human animals deliberately exposed to a specific pathogen or toxin. These approaches resulted in... | Plantibody | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 968 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Natural products",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology",
"Plant products"
] |
22,861,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar%20regolith%20simulant | A lunar regolith simulant is a terrestrial material synthesized in order to approximate the chemical, mechanical, engineering, mineralogical, or particle-size distribution properties of lunar regolith. Lunar regolith simulants are used by researchers who wish to research the materials handling, excavation, transportati... | Lunar regolith simulant | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,157 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Concrete"
] |
22,862,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuts%20and%20bolts%20%28general%20relativity%29 | In physics, in the theory of general relativity, spacetimes with at least a 1-parameter group of isometries can be classified according to the fixed point-sets of the action. Isolated fixed points are called nuts. The other possibility is that the fixed point set is a metric 2-sphere, called bolt. The number of nuts a... | Nuts and bolts (general relativity) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 154 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"General relativity",
"Quantum gravity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity",
"Mathematical physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
22,862,812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20heat | The practice of using colours to determine the temperature of a piece of (usually) ferrous metal comes from blacksmithing. Long before thermometers were widely available, it was necessary to know what state the metal was in for heat treating it and the only way to do this was to heat it up to a colour which was known t... | Red heat | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 130 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Temperature",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Metallurgy",
"SI base quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
"Materials science",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
22,863,481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite%20fermion | A composite fermion is the topological bound state of an electron and an even number of quantized vortices, sometimes visually pictured as the bound state of an electron and, attached, an even number of magnetic flux quanta. Composite fermions were originally envisioned in the context of the fractional quantum Hall eff... | Composite fermion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,323 | [
"Quantum phases",
"Physical phenomena",
"Hall effect",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Subatomic particles",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Quasiparticles",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter"
] |
22,863,648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20V | Band V (meaning Band 5) is the name of a radio frequency range within the ultra high frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is not to be confused with the V band in the extremely high frequency part of the spectrum.
Sources differ on the exact frequency range of UHF Band V. For example, the Broadcast engin... | Band V | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 608 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Radio spectrum",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
6,793,014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation%20of%20axes%20in%20two%20dimensions | In mathematics, a rotation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy-Cartesian coordinate system to an x′y′-Cartesian coordinate system in which the origin is kept fixed and the x′ and y′ axes are obtained by rotating the x and y axes counterclockwise through an angle . A point P has coordinates (x, y) with r... | Rotation of axes in two dimensions | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,019 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Physical phenomena",
"Functions and mappings",
"Transformation (function)",
"Mathematical objects",
"Classical mechanics",
"Rotation",
"Motion (physics)",
"Mathematical relations",
"Geometry",
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
6,793,679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointwise%20mutual%20information | In statistics, probability theory and information theory, pointwise mutual information (PMI), or point mutual information, is a measure of association. It compares the probability of two events occurring together to what this probability would be if the events were independent.
PMI (especially in its positive pointwis... | Pointwise mutual information | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,281 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Applied mathematics",
"Entropy and information",
"Computer science",
"Entropy",
"Information theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
6,797,958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular%20signal-regulated%20kinases | In molecular biology, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. Many different stimuli, inc... | Extracellular signal-regulated kinases | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 852 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
21,409,717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelian%20sandpile%20model | The Abelian sandpile model (ASM) is the more popular name of the original Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld model (BTW). The BTW model was the first discovered example of a dynamical system displaying self-organized criticality. It was introduced by Per Bak, Chao Tang and Kurt Wiesenfeld in a 1987 paper.
Three years later Deepak D... | Abelian sandpile model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,009 | [
"Self-organization",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Critical phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Nonlinear systems",
"Mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
21,412,311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullback%27s%20inequality | In information theory and statistics, Kullback's inequality is a lower bound on the Kullback–Leibler divergence expressed in terms of the large deviations rate function. If P and Q are probability distributions on the real line, such that P is absolutely continuous with respect to Q, i.e. P << Q, and whose first momen... | Kullback's inequality | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 451 | [
"Theorems in statistics",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Statistical inequalities",
"Computer science",
"Information theory",
"Inequalities (mathematics)"
] |
21,420,666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Unscrambler | The Unscrambler X is a commercial software product for multivariate data analysis, used for calibration of multivariate data which is often in the application of analytical data such as near infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and development of predictive models for use in real-time spectroscopic analysis o... | The Unscrambler | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 301 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"Statistical software",
"Spectroscopy",
"Mathematical software"
] |
21,421,435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limiting%20oxygen%20concentration | The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), also known as the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC), is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel. It is expressed in units of volume percent of oxygen. The LOC varies with pressure and tem... | Limiting oxygen concentration | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 323 | [
"Explosion protection",
"Combustion engineering",
"Combustion",
"Explosions",
"Fire"
] |
915,449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterexamples%20in%20Topology | Counterexamples in Topology (1970, 2nd ed. 1978) is a book on mathematics by topologists Lynn Steen and J. Arthur Seebach, Jr.
In the process of working on problems like the metrization problem, topologists (including Steen and Seebach) have defined a wide variety of topological properties. It is often useful in the ... | Counterexamples in Topology | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,366 | [
"General topology",
"Topology"
] |
916,340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20I%20keratin | Type I keratins (or Type I cytokeratins) are cytokeratins that constitute the Type I intermediate filaments (IFs) of the intracytoplasmatic cytoskeleton, which is present in all mammalian epithelial cells. Most of the type I keratins consist of acidic, low molecular weight proteins which in vivo are arranged in pairs o... | Type I keratin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 205 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
916,374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin%2019 | Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19 (Keratin-19)) also known as cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) is a 40 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT19 gene. Keratin-19 is a type I keratin.
Function
Keratin-19 is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural inte... | Keratin 19 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 712 | [
"Chemical pathology",
"Tumor markers",
"Biomarkers"
] |
916,394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20constraint | In Hamiltonian mechanics, a primary constraint is a relation between the coordinates and momenta that holds without using the equations of motion. A secondary constraint is one that is not primary—in other words it holds when the equations of motion are satisfied, but need not hold if they are not satisfied The seconda... | Primary constraint | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 226 | [
"Hamiltonian mechanics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
916,587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl%20butyral | Polyvinyl butyral (or PVB) is a resin mostly used for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to many surfaces, toughness and flexibility. It is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol by reaction with butyraldehyde. The major application is laminated safety glass for automobile windshields. Trad... | Polyvinyl butyral | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,119 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Synthetic resins",
"Synthetic materials",
"Optical phenomena",
"Materials",
"Transparent materials",
"Matter"
] |
916,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk%20movement | In cell biology, bulk flow is the process by which proteins with a sorting signal travel to and from different cellular compartments. In other words, bulk transport is a type of transport which involves the transport of large amount of substance like lipid droplets and solid food particles across plasma membrane by ut... | Bulk movement | [
"Biology"
] | 169 | [
"Protein targeting",
"Cellular processes"
] |
916,971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20marine%20propulsion | Nuclear marine propulsion is propulsion of a ship or submarine with heat provided by a nuclear reactor. The power plant heats water to produce steam for a turbine used to turn the ship's propeller through a gearbox or through an electric generator and motor. Nuclear propulsion is used primarily within naval warships su... | Nuclear marine propulsion | [
"Engineering"
] | 4,319 | [
"Marine propulsion",
"Marine engineering"
] |
917,006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijective%20proof | In combinatorics, bijective proof is a proof technique for proving that two sets have equally many elements, or that the sets in two combinatorial classes have equal size, by finding a bijective function that maps one set one-to-one onto the other. This technique can be useful as a way of finding a formula for the numb... | Bijective proof | [
"Mathematics"
] | 577 | [
"Articles containing proofs",
"Enumerative combinatorics",
"nan",
"Combinatorics"
] |
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