id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
917,126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20glass | Smart glass, also known as switchable glass, dynamic glass, and smart-tinting glass, is a type of glass that can change its optical properties, becoming opaque or tinted, in response to electrical or thermal signals. This can be used to prevent sunlight and heat from entering a building during hot days, improving energ... | Smart glass | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,481 | [
"Planes (geometry)",
"Glass",
"Solar design",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Energy engineering",
"Materials science",
"Homogeneous chemical mixtures",
"Smart materials",
"Thin-film optics",
"Amorphous solids",
"Thin films"
] |
917,280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient%20sensing | Nutrient sensing is a cell's ability to recognize and respond to fuel substrates such as glucose. Each type of fuel used by the cell requires an alternate pathway of utilization and accessory molecules such as enzymes and cofactors. In order to conserve resources a cell will only produce molecules that it needs at the ... | Nutrient sensing | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,384 | [
"Receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
917,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20alum | Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound first mentioned under various Sanskrit names in Ayurvedic medicinal texts such as , , and ; is chemically defined as the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2. It is commonly encountered as the dodec... | Potassium alum | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,227 | [
"Coordination complexes",
"Water treatment",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Water pollution",
"Salts",
"Potash",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology"
] |
917,803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip%20joint | A slip joint is a mechanical construction allowing extension and compression in a linear structure of slip joint.
General forms
Slip joints can be designed to allow continuous relative motion of two components or it can allow an adjustment, by unclamping from one fixed position, and re-clamping to another. Examples ... | Slip joint | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 756 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Structural connectors",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
917,868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative%20genomics | Comparative genomics is a branch of biological research that examines genome sequences across a spectrum of species, spanning from humans and mice to a diverse array of organisms from bacteria to chimpanzees. This large-scale holistic approach compares two or more genomes to discover the similarities and differences be... | Comparative genomics | [
"Biology"
] | 6,277 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
918,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCnneth%20theorem | In mathematics, especially in homological algebra and algebraic topology, a Künneth theorem, also called a Künneth formula, is a statement relating the homology of two objects to the homology of their product. The classical statement of the Künneth theorem relates the singular homology of two topological spaces X and Y... | Künneth theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,240 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Theorems in topology",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Theorems in algebraic topology",
"Homological algebra"
] |
918,900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss-of-coolant%20accident | A loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) is a mode of failure for a nuclear reactor; if not managed effectively, the results of a LOCA could result in reactor core damage. Each nuclear plant's emergency core cooling system (ECCS) exists specifically to deal with a LOCA.
Nuclear reactors generate heat internally; to remove t... | Loss-of-coolant accident | [
"Technology"
] | 1,975 | [
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Civilian nuclear power accidents"
] |
2,846,868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection%20methods%20in%20plant%20breeding%20based%20on%20mode%20of%20reproduction | Plant breeders use different methods depending on the mode of reproduction of crops, which include:
Self-fertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilise reproductive cells or ovules of the same plant
Cross-pollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant
Asexual propagation (e.g.... | Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of reproduction | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,416 | [
"Plant breeding",
"Evolutionary processes",
"Selection",
"Molecular biology"
] |
2,848,344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit%20design | In Electrical Engineering, the process of circuit design can cover systems ranging from complex electronic systems down to the individual transistors within an integrated circuit. One person can often do the design process without needing a planned or structured design process for simple circuits. Still, teams of desi... | Circuit design | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,205 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Electronic design",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Design"
] |
2,850,048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sessile%20drop%20technique | In materials science, the sessile drop technique is a method used for the characterization of solid surface energies, and in some cases, aspects of liquid surface energies. The main premise of the method is that by placing a droplet of liquid with a known surface energy and contact angle, the surface energy of the soli... | Sessile drop technique | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,644 | [
"Materials testing",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Surface science",
"Materials science"
] |
2,850,373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20flux%20parametron | A Quantum Flux Parametron (QFP) is a digital logic implementation technology based on superconducting Josephson junctions. QFP's were invented by Eiichi Goto at the University of Tokyo as an improvement over his earlier parametron based digital logic technology, which did not use superconductivity effects or Josephson ... | Quantum flux parametron | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 267 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantum electronics",
"Digital electronics",
"Superconductivity",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
2,851,103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal%20selection | In immunology, clonal selection theory explains the functions of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes) in response to specific antigens invading the body. The concept was introduced by Australian doctor Frank Macfarlane Burnet in 1957, in an attempt to explain the great diversity of antibodies formed during initiati... | Clonal selection | [
"Biology"
] | 1,391 | [
"Organ systems",
"Immunology",
"Immune system"
] |
31,516,478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen%20orbit | In orbital mechanics, a frozen orbit is an orbit for an artificial satellite in which perturbations have been minimized by careful selection of the orbital parameters. Perturbations can result from natural drifting due to the central body's shape, or other factors. Typically, the altitude of a satellite in a frozen orb... | Frozen orbit | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,484 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
31,519,906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinagizado | The Zinagizado is an electrochemical process to provide a ferrous metal material with anti-corrosive properties. It involves the application of a constant electric current through a circuit to break the bonds and these are attached to the metal to be coated by forming a surface coating. The alloy used is called Zinag (... | Zinagizado | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 240 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Alloys",
"Zinc alloys",
"nan"
] |
20,376,027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leggett%E2%80%93Garg%20inequality | The Leggett–Garg inequality, named for Anthony James Leggett and Anupam Garg, is a mathematical inequality fulfilled by all macrorealistic physical theories. Here, macrorealism (macroscopic realism) is a classical worldview defined by the conjunction of two postulates, of which the second has actually nothing to do wit... | Leggett–Garg inequality | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,264 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Binary relations",
"Quantum measurement",
"Mathematical relations",
"Thought experiments in quantum mechanics",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems",
"Interpretations of quantum mechanics",
"Physics theorems"... |
20,376,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20transmission%20system | In North American digital terrestrial television broadcasting, a distributed transmission system (DTS or DTx) is a form of single-frequency network in which a single broadcast signal is fed via microwave, landline, or communications satellite to multiple synchronised terrestrial radio transmitter sites. The signal is t... | Distributed transmission system | [
"Technology"
] | 2,386 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology"
] |
20,386,031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boss%20%28engineering%29 | In engineering, a boss is a protruding feature on a workpiece. A common use for a boss is to locate one object within a pocket or hole of another object. For instance, some motors use a precisely machined boss on the front face to locate it on the mating part. Like a process on a bone, bosses on castings can provide at... | Boss (engineering) | [
"Engineering"
] | 411 | [
"Mechanical engineering stubs",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
20,386,463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film%20solar%20cell | Thin-film solar cells are a type of solar cell made by depositing one or more thin layers (thin films or TFs) of photovoltaic material onto a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal. Thin-film solar cells are typically a few nanometers (nm) to a few microns (μm) thick–much thinner than the wafers used in conventiona... | Thin-film solar cell | [
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 13,981 | [
"Planes (geometry)",
"Thin films",
"Thin-film cells"
] |
20,386,802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi-interaction | In chemistry, π-effects or π-interactions are a type of non-covalent interaction that involves π systems. Just like in an electrostatic interaction where a region of negative charge interacts with a positive charge, the electron-rich π system can interact with a metal (cationic or neutral), an anion, another molecule a... | Pi-interaction | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 724 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Materials science",
"Intermolecular forces"
] |
20,388,388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiron%20%28chemical%29 | Tiron (trade name; systematic name disodium 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonate) is a chemical compound used for its ability to form strong complexes with titanium and iron, as well as mixed compounds such as calcium titanium tiron.
References
Sulfonates
Catechols
Organic sodium salts | Tiron (chemical) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 72 | [
"Salts",
"Organic compounds",
"Organic sodium salts",
"Organic compound stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs"
] |
1,407,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20leakage%20current | Reverse leakage current in a semiconductor device is the current when the device is reverse biased.
Under reverse bias, an ideal semiconductor device should not conduct any current, however, due to attraction of dissimilar charges, the positive side of the voltage source draws free electrons (majority carriers in the ... | Reverse leakage current | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 237 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Physical quantities",
"Semiconductors",
"Materials",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter"
] |
1,409,609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyson%20series | In scattering theory, a part of mathematical physics, the Dyson series, formulated by Freeman Dyson, is a perturbative expansion of the time evolution operator in the interaction picture. Each term can be represented by a sum of Feynman diagrams.
This series diverges asymptotically, but in quantum electrodynamics (QE... | Dyson series | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 657 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Scattering",
"Scattering theory",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
1,410,424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dettol | Dettol is a brand line of products used for disinfection and as an antiseptic. This brand was created with the introduction of Dettol antiseptic liquid in 1933 by the British company Reckitt and Colman. The Dettol brand line has been expanded over the years and now includes products containing many different active ing... | Dettol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 371 | [
"Cleaning products",
"Products of chemical industry"
] |
1,410,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiedemann%E2%80%93Franz%20law | In physics, the Wiedemann–Franz law states that the ratio of the electronic contribution of the thermal conductivity (κ) to the electrical conductivity (σ) of a metal is proportional to the temperature (T).
Theoretically, the proportionality constant L, known as the Lorenz number, is equal to
where kB is the Boltz... | Wiedemann–Franz law | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,531 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Thermodynamics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Heat conduction",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
1,410,760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar%20heat%20capacity | The molar heat capacity of a chemical substance is the amount of energy that must be added, in the form of heat, to one mole of the substance in order to cause an increase of one unit in its temperature. Alternatively, it is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance divided by the amount of substance of the sampl... | Molar heat capacity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 6,416 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Intensive quantities",
"Physical properties",
"Thermodynamics",
"Molar quantities"
] |
1,411,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction%20to%20general%20relativity | General relativity is a theory of gravitation developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915. The theory of general relativity says that the observed gravitational effect between masses results from their warping of spacetime.
By the beginning of the 20th century, Newton's law of universal gravitation had been acc... | Introduction to general relativity | [
"Physics"
] | 7,811 | [
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
35,694,445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant%20energy%20density | In radiometry, radiant energy density is the radiant energy per unit volume. The SI unit of radiant energy density is the joule per cubic metre (J/m3).
Mathematical definition
Radiant energy density, denoted we ("e" for "energetic", to avoid confusion with photometric quantities), is defined as
where
∂ is the partial... | Radiant energy density | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 234 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Physical properties",
"Radiometry"
] |
35,697,992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment-resisting%20frame | Moment-resisting frame is a rectilinear assemblage of beams and columns, with the beams rigidly connected to the columns.
Resistance to lateral forces is provided primarily by rigid frame action – that is, by the development of bending moment and shear force in the frame members and joints. By virtue of the rigid bea... | Moment-resisting frame | [
"Engineering"
] | 298 | [
"Building engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Construction",
"Architecture"
] |
35,698,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetuant | In mathematical invariant theory, a perpetuant is informally an irreducible covariant of a form or infinite degree. More precisely, the dimension of the space of irreducible covariants of given degree and weight for a binary form stabilizes provided the degree of the form is larger than the weight of the covariant, and... | Perpetuant | [
"Physics"
] | 238 | [
"Invariant theory",
"Group actions",
"Symmetry"
] |
35,698,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted%20structure%20elucidation | Computer-assisted structure elucidation (or CASE) is the technique of using software to generate all possible molecular structures that are consistent with a particular set of spectroscopic data.
The subject has been often reviewed. Available CASE software include LSD, SENECA, COCON, CMC-se, and Structure Elucidator.
... | Computer-assisted structure elucidation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 81 | [
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
35,703,931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome%20diversity%20and%20karyotype%20evolution%20of%20mammals | The 2000s witnessed an explosion of genome sequencing and mapping in evolutionarily diverse species. While full genome sequencing of mammals is rapidly progressing, the ability to assemble and align orthologous whole chromosomal regions from more than a few species is not yet possible. The intense focus on the building... | Genome diversity and karyotype evolution of mammals | [
"Biology"
] | 2,722 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Phylogenetics",
"Taxonomy (biology)"
] |
35,705,918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20polymerase%20nu | Polymerase (DNA directed) nu is a protein in humans that is encoded by the POLN gene. It is a family A DNA polymerase, considered to be the least effective of the polymerase enzymes. However, DNA polymerase nu plays an active role in homology repair during cellular responses to crosslinks, fulfilling its role in a comp... | DNA polymerase nu | [
"Biology"
] | 111 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"DNA replication",
"Molecular genetics"
] |
28,942,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedalin | Amedalin (UK-3540-1) is an antidepressant which was synthesized in the early 1970s but was never marketed. It is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, with no significant effects on the reuptake of serotonin and dopamine, and no antihistamine or anticholinergic properties.
See also
Daledalin
References
A... | Amedalin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 109 | [
"Drug safety",
"Functional groups",
"Amines",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Abandoned drugs"
] |
28,942,212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified%20transverse%20Mercator | The modified transverse Mercator (MTM) coordinate system is a metric grid-based method of specifying locations, similar to the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system. MTM uses a transverse Mercator projection with zones spaced 3° of longitude apart.
The coordinate system is used in Eastern Canada.
Geographic... | Modified transverse Mercator | [
"Mathematics"
] | 67 | [
"Geographic coordinate systems",
"Coordinate systems"
] |
28,944,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Butler | Max Ray Vision (formerly Max Ray Butler, alias Iceman) is a former computer security consultant and hacker who served a 13-year prison sentence, the longest sentence ever given at the time for hacking charges in the United States. He was convicted of two counts of wire fraud, including stealing nearly 2 million credit ... | Max Butler | [
"Technology"
] | 1,222 | [
"Lists of people in STEM fields",
"Hackers"
] |
28,945,767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-stellar%20core | Pre-stellar cores are the nurseries of new stars, and are an early phase in the formation of low-mass stars, before gravitational collapse produces a central protostar. The spatial distribution of pre-stellar cores shows the history of their formation, and their sensitivity to the physics controlling their creation.
M... | Pre-stellar core | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 198 | [
"Outer space",
"Plasma physics",
"Observational astronomy",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Outer space stubs",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
28,946,931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIsarna%20ironmaking%20process | The HIsarna ironmaking process is a direct reduced iron process for iron making in which iron ore is processed almost directly into liquid iron (pig iron). The process combines two process units, the Cyclone Converter Furnace (CCF) for ore melting and pre-reduction and a Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) where the final ... | HIsarna ironmaking process | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,792 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Steelmaking"
] |
28,948,109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-neutral%20complex | An ion-neutral complex in chemistry is an aggregate of an ion with one or more neutral molecules in which at least one of the partners has a rotational degree of freedom about an axis perpendicular to the intermolecular direction In chemistry, the dissociation of a molecule into two or more fragments can take place i... | Ion-neutral complex | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 517 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"nan",
"Biochemistry",
"Chemical pathology",
"Physical chemistry",
"Matter"
] |
33,017,502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsche%E2%80%93Drechsel%20cyclization | The Borsche–Drechsel cyclization is a chemical reaction used to synthesize tetrahydrocarbazoles by the acid-catalyzed cyclization of cyclohexanone arylhydrazones. The reaction was first described by in 1888 and by in 1908.
Borsche–Drechsel cyclization is the central step in Borsche–Drechsel carbazole synthesis, wher... | Borsche–Drechsel cyclization | [
"Chemistry"
] | 285 | [
"Name reactions",
"Ring forming reactions",
"Heterocycle forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
33,020,015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxitropium%20bromide | Oxitropium bromide (trade names Oxivent, Tersigan) is an anticholinergic used as a bronchodilator for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
It was patented in 1966 and approved for medical use in 1983.
Synthesis
The natural product, norscopolamine (1), is converted by two alkylation reac... | Oxitropium bromide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 158 | [
"Bromides",
"Salts"
] |
33,020,981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris%20%28simulation%29 | Eris is a computer simulation of the Milky Way galaxy's physics. It was done by astrophysicists from the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland and University of California, Santa Cruz. The simulation project was undertaken at the NASA Advanced Supercomputer Division's Pleiades and t... | Eris (simulation) | [
"Physics"
] | 391 | [
"Cosmological simulation",
"Computational physics"
] |
25,800,675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatibility%20%28mechanics%29 | In continuum mechanics, a compatible deformation (or strain) tensor field in a body is that unique tensor field that is obtained when the body is subjected to a continuous, single-valued, displacement field. Compatibility is the study of the conditions under which such a displacement field can be guaranteed. Compatib... | Compatibility (mechanics) | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,836 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Classical mechanics",
"Physical properties"
] |
37,049,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C21H25N3O | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C21H25N3O}}
The molecular formula C21H25N3O (molar mass: 335.44 g/mol) may refer to:
ECPLA (N-ethyl-N-cyclopropyllysergamide)
LSD-Pip
Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide
Molecular formulas | C21H25N3O | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 86 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
37,050,144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%E2%80%93cell%20fusogens | Cell–cell fusogens are glycoproteins that facilitate the fusion of cell to cell membranes. Cell–cell fusion is critical for the merging of gamete genomes and the development of organs in multicellular organisms. Cell-cell fusion occurs when both actin cytoskeleton and fusogenic proteins properly rearrange across the ce... | Cell–cell fusogens | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,212 | [
"Genetics",
"Protein classification",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Protein families"
] |
37,051,772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor%20current%20meter | A rotor current meter (RCM) is a mechanical current meter, an oceanographic device deployed within an oceanographic mooring measuring the flow within the world oceans to learn more about ocean currents. Many RCMs have been replaced by instruments measuring the flow by hydroacoustics, the so-called Acoustic Doppler Curr... | Rotor current meter | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 510 | [
"Ocean currents",
"Oceanographic instrumentation",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Physical oceanography",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
37,052,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving%20horizon%20estimation | Moving horizon estimation (MHE) is an optimization approach that uses a series of measurements observed over time, containing noise (random variations) and other inaccuracies, and produces estimates of unknown variables or parameters. Unlike deterministic approaches, MHE requires an iterative approach that relies on li... | Moving horizon estimation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 733 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
37,054,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%E2%80%93Cahn%20equation | The Allen–Cahn equation (after John W. Cahn and Sam Allen) is a reaction–diffusion equation of mathematical physics which describes the process of phase separation in multi-component alloy systems, including order-disorder transitions.
The equation describes the time evolution of a scalar-valued state variable on a ... | Allen–Cahn equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 289 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Materials science stubs",
"Equations of physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Condensed matter stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
37,058,845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20for%20Regenerative%20Medicine | The Centre for Regenerative Medicine (CRM) is a stem cell research centre at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, dedicated to the study and development of new regenerative treatments for human diseases. The centre forms part of the university's Institute for Regeneration and Repair and is part of the BioQuarter cl... | Centre for Regenerative Medicine | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 539 | [
"Stem cell research",
"Biotechnology by country",
"Translational medicine",
"Tissue engineering",
"Biotechnology organizations",
"Biomedical research foundations",
"Biotechnology in the United Kingdom"
] |
30,463,821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEPPSI | PEPPSI is an abbreviation for pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation. It refers to a family of commercially available palladium catalysts developed around 2005 by Prof. Michael G. Organ and co-workers at York University, which can accelerate various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bo... | PEPPSI | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,031 | [
"Catalysis",
"Catalysts",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
30,473,418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioelectrochemistry | Bioelectrochemistry is a branch of electrochemistry and biophysical chemistry concerned with electrophysiological topics like cell electron-proton transport, cell membrane potentials and electrode reactions of redox enzymes.
History
The beginnings of bioelectrochemistry, as well as those of electrochemistry, are close... | Bioelectrochemistry | [
"Chemistry"
] | 250 | [
"Electrochemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Electrochemistry stubs",
"Bioelectrochemistry"
] |
30,474,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slepian%E2%80%93Wolf%20coding |
In information theory and communication, the Slepian–Wolf coding, also known as the Slepian–Wolf bound, is a result in distributed source coding discovered by David Slepian and Jack Wolf in 1973. It is a method of theoretically coding two lossless compressed correlated sources.
Problem setup
Distributed coding is th... | Slepian–Wolf coding | [
"Engineering"
] | 484 | [
"Error detection and correction",
"Reliability engineering"
] |
30,474,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum-of-squares%20optimization | A sum-of-squares optimization program is an optimization problem with a linear cost function and a particular type of constraint on the decision variables. These constraints are of the form that when the decision variables are used as coefficients in certain polynomials, those polynomials should have the polynomial SOS... | Sum-of-squares optimization | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,495 | [
"Mathematical optimization",
"Mathematical analysis"
] |
27,667,237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon%20energy | Photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon. The amount of energy is directly proportional to the photon's electromagnetic frequency and thus, equivalently, is inversely proportional to the wavelength. The higher the photon's frequency, the higher its energy. Equivalently, the longer the photon's wavelength,... | Photon energy | [
"Physics"
] | 555 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Foundational quantum physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Electromagnetic spectrum"
] |
2,051,480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulter%20counter | A Coulter counter is an apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in electrolytes. The Coulter counter is the commercial term for the technique known as resistive pulse sensing or electrical zone sensing. The apparatus is based on the Coulter principle named after its inventor, Wallace H. Coulter.
A typica... | Coulter counter | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 2,630 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Counting instruments",
"Cell culture techniques",
"Measuring instruments",
"Numeral systems"
] |
2,051,812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional%20control | Proportional control, in engineering and process control, is a type of linear feedback control system in which a correction is applied to the controlled variable, and the size of the correction is proportional to the difference between the desired value (setpoint, SP) and the measured value (process variable, PV). Two... | Proportional control | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,389 | [
"Control devices",
"Control engineering"
] |
2,052,015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strainmeter | A strainmeter is an instrument used by geophysicists to measure the deformation of the Earth. Linear strainmeters measure the changes in the distance between two points, using either a solid piece of material (over a short distance) or a laser interferometer (over a long distance, up to several hundred meters).
The ty... | Strainmeter | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 476 | [
"Seismology instruments",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Geophysics"
] |
2,054,480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20sulfide | Calcium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula CaS. This white material crystallizes in cubes like rock salt. CaS has been studied as a component in a process that would recycle gypsum, a product of flue-gas desulfurization. Like many salts containing sulfide ions, CaS typically has an odour of H2S, which ... | Calcium sulfide | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 680 | [
"Corrosive substances",
"Luminescence",
"Phosphors and scintillators",
"Corrosion"
] |
2,054,659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegirine | Aegirine is a member of the clinopyroxene group of inosilicate minerals. It is the sodium endmember of the aegirine–augite series. It has the chemical formula NaFeSi2O6, in which the iron is present as the ion Fe3+. In the aegirine–augite series, the sodium is variably replaced by calcium with iron(II) and magnesium re... | Aegirine | [
"Physics"
] | 505 | [
"Materials",
"Gemstones",
"Matter"
] |
2,054,980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnor%20beam | In general relativity, the Bonnor beam is an exact solution which models an infinitely long, straight beam of light. It is an explicit example of a pp-wave spacetime. It is named after William B. Bonnor who first described it.
The Bonnor beam is obtained by matching together two regions:
a uniform plane wave interio... | Bonnor beam | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 308 | [
"Exact solutions in general relativity",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
2,055,144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upgrader | An upgrader is a facility that upgrades bitumen (extra heavy oil) into synthetic crude oil. Upgrader plants are typically located close to oil sands production, for example, the Athabasca oil sands in Alberta, Canada or the Orinoco tar sands in Venezuela.
Processes
Upgrading means using fractional distillation and/o... | Upgrader | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 367 | [
"Bituminous sands",
"Chemical plants",
"Petroleum technology",
"Petroleum engineering",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Asphalt"
] |
2,055,164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioluminescence | Radioluminescence is the phenomenon by which light is produced in a material by bombardment with ionizing radiation such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. Radioluminescence is used as a low level light source for night illumination of instruments or signage. Radioluminescent paint is occasionally use... | Radioluminescence | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,517 | [
"Luminescence",
"Molecular physics"
] |
2,055,223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergeometric%20function | In mathematics, the Gaussian or ordinary hypergeometric function 2F1(a,b;c;z) is a special function represented by the hypergeometric series, that includes many other special functions as specific or limiting cases. It is a solution of a second-order linear ordinary differential equation (ODE). Every second-order linea... | Hypergeometric function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,423 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Mathematical structures",
"Series (mathematics)",
"Factorial and binomial topics",
"Calculus",
"Combinatorics"
] |
2,055,436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20room%20correction | Digital room correction (or DRC) is a process in the field of acoustics where digital filters designed to ameliorate unfavorable effects of a room's acoustics are applied to the input of a sound reproduction system. Modern room correction systems produce substantial improvements in the time domain and frequency domai... | Digital room correction | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,616 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
2,055,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevator%20paradox%20%28physics%29 | The elevator paradox relates to a hydrometer placed on an "elevator" or vertical conveyor that, by moving to different elevations, changes the atmospheric pressure. In this classic demonstration, the floating hydrometer remains at an equilibrium position. Essentially, a hydrometer measures specific gravity of liquids ... | Elevator paradox (physics) | [
"Physics"
] | 430 | [
"Experimental physics"
] |
2,055,966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassy%20carbon | Glass-like carbon, often called glassy carbon or vitreous carbon, is a non-graphitizing, or nongraphitizable, carbon which combines glassy and ceramic properties with those of graphite. The most important properties are high thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, hardness (7 Mohs), low density, low electrical re... | Glassy carbon | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,561 | [
"Amorphous solids",
"Allotropes of carbon",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Allotropes"
] |
22,874,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos%20P%C3%B3sa%20%28mathematician%29 | Lajos Pósa (born 9 December 1947 in Budapest) is a Hungarian mathematician working in the topic of combinatorics, and one of the most prominent mathematics educators of Hungary, best known for his mathematics camps for gifted students. He is a winner of the Széchenyi Prize.
Paul Erdős's favorite "child", he discovered ... | Lajos Pósa (mathematician) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,290 | [
"Combinatorialists",
"Combinatorics"
] |
6,808,830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Functional%20Materials | Advanced Functional Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published by Wiley-VCH. Established in February 2001, the journal began to publish monthly in 2002 and moved to 18/year in 2006, biweekly in 2008, and weekly in 2013.
It has been published under other titles since 1985.
Scope
Coverage of this journ... | Advanced Functional Materials | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 386 | [
"Nanotechnology journals",
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
6,809,062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokinesis | Chemokinesis is chemically prompted kinesis, a motile response of unicellular prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms to chemicals that cause the cell to make some kind of change in their migratory/swimming behaviour. Changes involve an increase or decrease of speed, alterations of amplitude or frequency of motile characte... | Chemokinesis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 216 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
24,384,663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9H7NO | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C9H7NO}}
The molecular formula C9H7NO (molar mass: 145.16 g/mol, exact mass: 145.0528 u) may refer to:
8-Hydroxyquinoline
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A)
Quinolones
2-Quinolone
4-Quinolone
Molecular formulas | C9H7NO | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 87 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,384,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20bonding | Optical bonding refers to a protective glass that is glued in front of a display to enhance its readability where installed in high humidity outdoor environments. When a normal display is used in an outdoor environment, there are some factors that affect its readability. The most common one is “fog”, or condensation, w... | Optical bonding | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 702 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glass chemistry"
] |
24,384,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17H17ClN6O3 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C17H17ClN6O3}}
The molecular formula C17H17ClN6O3 (molar mass: 388.81 g/mol, exact mass: 388.1051 u) may refer to:
Eszopiclone
Zopiclone
Molecular formulas | C17H17ClN6O3 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 69 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,385,408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C14H18FNO2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C14H18FNO2}}
The molecular formula C14H18FNO2 (molar mass: 251.297 g/mol, exact mass: 251.1322 u) may refer to:
4-Fluoromethylphenidate
Lubazodone
Molecular formulas | C14H18FNO2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 69 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,386,708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terahertz%20metamaterial | A terahertz metamaterial is a class of composite metamaterials designed to interact at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The terahertz frequency range used in materials research is usually defined as 0.1 to 10 THz.
This bandwidth is also known as the terahertz gap because it is noticeably underutilized. This is because ter... | Terahertz metamaterial | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,527 | [
"Metamaterials",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Materials science",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Terahertz technology"
] |
24,387,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20medicine | Laser medicine is the use of lasers in medical diagnosis, treatments, or therapies, such as laser photodynamic therapy, photorejuvenation, and laser surgery.
The word laser stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation".
History
The laser was invented in 1960 by Theodore Maiman, and its potenti... | Laser medicine | [
"Physics"
] | 1,147 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Medical physics"
] |
24,388,881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman%E2%80%93Enskog%20theory | Chapman–Enskog theory provides a framework in which equations of hydrodynamics for a gas can be derived from the Boltzmann equation. The technique justifies the otherwise phenomenological constitutive relations appearing in hydrodynamical descriptions such as the Navier–Stokes equations. In doing so, expressions for v... | Chapman–Enskog theory | [
"Physics"
] | 3,259 | [
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
24,390,511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17H22N2O3 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C17H22N2O3}}
The molecular formula C17H22N2O3 (molar mass: 302.368 g/mol) may refer to:
Emivirine (MKC-442)
Trichostatin A
Molecular formulas | C17H22N2O3 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 64 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
20,395,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAT%20model | SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) is a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds. SWAT is a public domain software enabled model actively supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service at the Blackland Research & Extension Center in Temp... | SWAT model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 432 | [
"Hydrology",
"Biological models",
"Environmental modelling",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydrology models",
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
20,401,836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric%20coefficient | The piezoelectric coefficient or piezoelectric modulus, usually written d33, quantifies the volume change when a piezoelectric material is subject to an electric field, or the polarization on the application of stress. In general, piezoelectricity is described by a tensor of coefficients ; see for further details.
S... | Piezoelectric coefficient | [
"Physics"
] | 114 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrical phenomena"
] |
20,403,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20set | In mathematics, a Δ-set, often called a Δ-complex or a semi-simplicial set, is a combinatorial object that is useful in the construction and triangulation of topological spaces, and also in the computation of related algebraic invariants of such spaces. A Δ-set is somewhat more general than a simplicial complex, yet n... | Delta set | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,708 | [
"Algebraic topology",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Basic concepts in set theory",
"Geometry",
"Families of sets",
"Simplicial sets",
"Spacetime"
] |
20,405,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled%20invariant%20subspace | In control theory, a controlled invariant subspace of the state space representation of some system is a subspace such that, if the state of the system is initially in the subspace, it is possible to control the system so that the state is in the subspace at all times. This concept was introduced by Giuseppe Basile and... | Controlled invariant subspace | [
"Mathematics"
] | 249 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
5,177,345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsubakimoto%20Chain | () is a Japanese manufacturer of power transmission and roller chain products. It was founded in Osaka in 1917 as a bicycle chain manufacturer. Later it became the first roller chain manufacturer in Japan approved by Japanese Industrial Standards.
Tsubakimoto Chain has the world's largest market share for steel chains ... | Tsubakimoto Chain | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,066 | [
"Mining equipment",
"Industrial machine manufacturers",
"Mining equipment companies",
"Electrical engineering organizations",
"Industrial machinery",
"Electrical equipment manufacturers"
] |
5,178,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDA%20%28computing%29 | Abstract Interfaces for Data Analysis (AIDA) is a set of defined interfaces and formats for representing common data analysis objects. The project was instigated and is primarily used by researchers in high-energy particle physics.
History
The goals of the AIDA project were to define abstract interfaces for common phy... | AIDA (computing) | [
"Physics"
] | 309 | [
"Computational physics",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics",
"Physics software"
] |
5,179,474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-exchange%20mechanism | The double-exchange mechanism is a type of a magnetic exchange that may arise between ions in different oxidation states. First proposed by Clarence Zener, this theory predicts the relative ease with which an electron may be exchanged between two species and has important implications for whether materials are ferromag... | Double-exchange mechanism | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 394 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
5,179,603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20axis%20grating | Optical axis gratings (OAGs) are gratings of optical axis of a birefringent material. In OAGs, the birefringence of the material is constant, while the direction of optical axis is periodically modulated in a fixed direction. In this way they are different from the regular phase gratings, in which the refractive index ... | Optical axis grating | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 393 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical devices"
] |
5,180,277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margulis%20lemma | In differential geometry, the Margulis lemma (named after Grigory Margulis) is a result about discrete subgroups of isometries of a non-positively curved Riemannian manifold (e.g. the hyperbolic n-space). Roughly, it states that within a fixed radius, usually called the Margulis constant, the structure of the orbits of... | Margulis lemma | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,017 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Algebraic structures",
"Mathematical problems",
"Lemmas"
] |
5,180,948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmert%27s%20law | Emmert's law states that objects that generate retinal images of the same size will look different in physical size (linear size) if they appear to be located at different distances. Specifically, the perceived linear size of an object increases as its perceived distance from the observer increases. This makes intuiti... | Emmert's law | [
"Physics"
] | 678 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena"
] |
5,182,215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20vapour%20atomic%20fluorescence%20spectroscopy | Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS) is a subset of the analytical technique known as atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS).
Use for mercury detection
Used in the measurement of trace amounts of volatile heavy metals such as mercury, cold vapour AFS makes use of the unique characteristic of mercury th... | Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 352 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Spectroscopy",
"Fluorescence techniques"
] |
35,708,725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20subgroup%20theorem | In mathematics, the analytic subgroup theorem is a significant result in modern transcendental number theory. It may be seen as a generalisation of Baker's theorem on linear forms in logarithms. Gisbert Wüstholz proved it in the 1980s. It marked a breakthrough in the theory of transcendental numbers. Many longstanding... | Analytic subgroup theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 330 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Number theory",
"Theorems in number theory"
] |
35,709,754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvaresh%E2%80%93Vardy%20code | Parvaresh–Vardy codes are a family of error-correcting codes first described in 2005 by Farzad Parvaresh and Alexander Vardy. They can be used for efficient list-decoding.
See also
Reed–Solomon code
Folded Reed–Solomon code
References
Error detection and correction
Coding theory | Parvaresh–Vardy code | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 63 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Coding theory",
"Reliability engineering",
"Error detection and correction"
] |
3,826,242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour%20rivalry | Contour rivalry is an artistic technique used to create multiple possible visual interpretations of an image. An image may be viewed as depicting one thing when viewed in a certain way; but if the image is flipped or turned, the same lines that formed the previous image now make up an entirely new design.
This techniq... | Contour rivalry | [
"Physics"
] | 154 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Optical illusions"
] |
3,826,733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclaurin%20spheroid | A Maclaurin spheroid is an oblate spheroid which arises when a self-gravitating fluid body of uniform density rotates with a constant angular velocity. This spheroid is named after the Scottish mathematician Colin Maclaurin, who formulated it for the shape of Earth in 1742. In fact the figure of the Earth is far less ... | Maclaurin spheroid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 566 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Astrophysics",
"Piping",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
3,828,409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glivenko%E2%80%93Cantelli%20theorem | In the theory of probability, the Glivenko–Cantelli theorem (sometimes referred to as the Fundamental Theorem of Statistics), named after Valery Ivanovich Glivenko and Francesco Paolo Cantelli, describes the asymptotic behaviour of the empirical distribution function as the number of independent and identically distri... | Glivenko–Cantelli theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,323 | [
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in statistics"
] |
3,828,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donsker%27s%20theorem | In probability theory, Donsker's theorem (also known as Donsker's invariance principle, or the functional central limit theorem), named after Monroe D. Donsker, is a functional extension of the central limit theorem for empirical distribution functions. Specifically, the theorem states that an appropriately centered an... | Donsker's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 935 | [
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in statistics"
] |
28,952,215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibronectin%20type%20I%20domain | Fibronectin, type I repeats are one of the three repeats found in the fibronectin protein. Fibronectin is a plasma protein that binds cell surfaces and various compounds including collagen, fibrin, heparin, DNA, and actin. Type I domain (FN1) is approximately 40 residues in length. Four conserved cysteines are involved... | Fibronectin type I domain | [
"Biology"
] | 278 | [
"Protein domains",
"Protein classification"
] |
28,952,360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-interleukin%20receptor | The toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) homology domain is an intracellular signaling domain found in MyD88, SARM1, interleukin-1 receptors, toll receptors and many plant R proteins. It contains three highly conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions between the toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signal-tra... | Toll-interleukin receptor | [
"Biology"
] | 725 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein domains",
"Protein classification"
] |
28,954,111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20Douglas%20Keith | Harvey Douglas Keith (10 March 1927 – 9 February 2003) was a physicist and one of the primary polymer researchers over the latter half of the 20th century.
Early UK University affiliations
In 1948, Keith obtained a BSc degree from Queen's University in Belfast. In 1951, he received a PhD in Physics from the University... | H. Douglas Keith | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 758 | [
"Polymer scientists and engineers",
"Physical chemists",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
28,954,125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthoproteic%20reaction | The xanthoproteic reaction is a method that can be used to detect a presence of protein soluble in a solution, using concentrated nitric acid. The test gives a positive result in amino acids carrying aromatic groups, especially in the presence of tyrosine. If the test is positive the proof is neutralized with an alkali... | Xanthoproteic reaction | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 290 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Protein methods",
"Biochemistry detection reactions",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Biochemical reactions",
"Microbiology techniques"
] |
2,853,242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20metallurgy | In materials science and materials engineering, uranium metallurgy is the study of the physical and chemical behavior of uranium and its alloys.
Commercial-grade uranium can be produced through the reduction of uranium halides with alkali or alkaline earth metals. Uranium metal can also be made through electrolysis of... | Uranium metallurgy | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 285 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
2,853,534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylglucosamine | N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is an amide derivative of the monosaccharide glucose. It is a secondary amide between glucosamine and acetic acid. It is significant in several biological systems.
It is part of a biopolymer in the bacterial cell wall, which is built from alternating units of GlcNAc and N-acetylmuramic ac... | N-Acetylglucosamine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 597 | [
"Membrane biology",
"Molecular biology"
] |
2,853,690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2%20proton%20channel | The Matrix-2 (M2) protein is a proton-selective viroporin, integral in the viral envelope of the influenza A virus. The channel itself is a homotetramer (consists of four identical M2 units), where the units are helices stabilized by two disulfide bonds, and is activated by low pH. The M2 protein is encoded on the seve... | M2 proton channel | [
"Biology"
] | 1,851 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
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