id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30,536,078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular%20matrix%20ring | In algebra, a triangular matrix ring, also called a triangular ring, is a ring constructed from two rings and a bimodule.
Definition
If and are rings and is a -bimodule, then the triangular matrix ring consists of 2-by-2 matrices of the form , where and with ordinary matrix addition and matrix multiplication as... | Triangular matrix ring | [
"Mathematics"
] | 77 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Ring theory"
] |
30,542,341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RST%20model | The Russo–Susskind–Thorlacius model or RST model in short is a modification of the CGHS model to take care of conformal anomalies and render it analytically soluble. In the CGHS model, if we include Faddeev–Popov ghosts to gauge-fix diffeomorphisms in the conformal gauge, they contribute an anomaly of -24. Each matter ... | RST model | [
"Physics"
] | 202 | [
"General relativity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
34,577,295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latexin%20family | In molecular biology, the latexin family is a family of proteins which family consists of several animal specific latexin and proteins related to latexin that belong to MEROPS proteinase inhibitor family I47, clan IH.
Latexin, a protein possessing inhibitory activity against rat carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA1) and CPA2 (ME... | Latexin family | [
"Biology"
] | 341 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
34,577,664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoryl%20fluoride | Phosphoryl fluoride (commonly called phosphorus oxyfluoride) is a compound with the chemical formula . It is a colorless gas that hydrolyzes rapidly. It has a critical temperature of 73 °C and a
critical pressure of 4.25 bars.
Synthesis and reactions
Phosphorus oxyfluoride is prepared by partial hydrolysis of phosphor... | Phosphoryl fluoride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 201 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Inorganic compound stubs"
] |
34,578,727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable%20renewable%20energy | Variable renewable energy (VRE) or intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are renewable energy sources that are not dispatchable due to their fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power, as opposed to controllable renewable energy sources, such as dammed hydroelectricity or bioenergy, or relatively con... | Variable renewable energy | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,256 | [
"Power engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Energy engineering"
] |
34,580,174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisymmetric%20exchange | In Physics, antisymmetric exchange, also known as the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), is a contribution to the total magnetic exchange interaction between two neighboring magnetic spins, and . Quantitatively, it is a term in the Hamiltonian which can be written as
.
In magnetically ordered systems, it favors... | Antisymmetric exchange | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,445 | [
"Spintronics",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
34,582,972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20paraelectricity | Quantum paraelectricity is a type of incipient ferroelectricity where the onset of ferroelectric order is suppressed by quantum fluctuations. From the soft mode theory of ferroelectricity, this occurs when a ferroelectric instability is stabilized by quantum fluctuations. In this case the soft-mode frequency never beco... | Quantum paraelectricity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 235 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science"
] |
38,555,995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argus%20retinal%20prosthesis | Argus retinal prosthesis, also known as a bionic eye, is an electronic retinal implant manufactured by the American company Second Sight Medical Products. It is used as a visual prosthesis to improve the vision of people with severe cases of retinitis pigmentosa. The Argus II version of the system was approved for mark... | Argus retinal prosthesis | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,280 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Biomedical engineering",
"Bionics",
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
38,556,220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%20Scorpii | Q Scorpii, also designated as HD 159433, is an astrometric binary (100% chance) located in the southern zodiac constellation Scorpius. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.27, making it readily visible to the naked eye under ideal conditions. It lies in the tail of Scorpius, between the stars λ Scorpii and μ Scorpii and... | Q Scorpii | [
"Astronomy"
] | 333 | [
"Scorpius",
"Constellations"
] |
38,567,601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational%20viscosity | Viscosity is usually described as the property of a fluid which determines the rate at which local momentum differences are equilibrated. Rotational viscosity is a property of a fluid which determines the rate at which local angular momentum differences are equilibrated. In the classical case, by the equipartition theo... | Rotational viscosity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 615 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Piping",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Viscosity",
"Physical properties",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
37,116,237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersen%20matrix | The Petersen matrix is a comprehensive description of systems of biochemical reactions used to model reactors for pollution control (engineered decomposition) as well as in environmental systems. It has as many columns as the number of relevant involved components (chemicals, pollutants, biomasses, gases) and as many r... | Petersen matrix | [
"Chemistry"
] | 331 | [
"Biodegradable waste management",
"Chemical processes",
"Biodegradation",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
37,120,076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20and%20development%20of%20direct%20thrombin%20inhibitors | Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are a class of anticoagulant drugs that can be used to prevent and treat embolisms and blood clots caused by various diseases. They inhibit thrombin, a serine protease which affects the coagulation cascade in many ways. DTIs have undergone rapid development since the 90's. With technol... | Discovery and development of direct thrombin inhibitors | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,490 | [
"Drug discovery",
"Life sciences industry",
"Medicinal chemistry"
] |
37,121,257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryptoParty | CryptoParty (Crypto-Party) is a grassroots global endeavour to introduce the basics of practical cryptography such as the Tor anonymity network, I2P, Freenet, key signing parties, disk encryption and virtual private networks to the general public. The project primarily consists of a series of free public workshops.
Hi... | CryptoParty | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 756 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
37,123,010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matroid%20rank | In the mathematical theory of matroids, the rank of a matroid is the maximum size of an independent set in the matroid. The rank of a subset S of elements of the matroid is, similarly, the maximum size of an independent subset of S, and the rank function of the matroid maps sets of elements to their ranks.
The rank fu... | Matroid rank | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,389 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Physical quantities",
"Combinatorics",
"Theory of relativity",
"Dimension",
"Matroid theory"
] |
1,427,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Medicines%20Agency | The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of pharmaceutical products. Prior to 2004, it was known as the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products or European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA).
The EMA was set up in 1995, wit... | European Medicines Agency | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,867 | [
"Biotechnology products",
"Regulation of biotechnologies",
"National agencies for drug regulation",
"Regulators of biotechnology products",
"Drug safety"
] |
1,427,634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate-determining%20step | In chemical kinetics, the overall rate of a reaction is often approximately determined by the slowest step, known as the rate-determining step (RDS or RD-step or r/d step) or rate-limiting step. For a given reaction mechanism, the prediction of the corresponding rate equation (for comparison with the experimental rate ... | Rate-determining step | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,760 | [
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
1,427,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneous%20catalysis | Heterogeneous catalysis is catalysis where the phase of catalysts differs from that of the reagents or products. The process contrasts with homogeneous catalysis where the reagents, products and catalyst exist in the same phase. Phase distinguishes between not only solid, liquid, and gas components, but also immiscible... | Heterogeneous catalysis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,039 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
1,427,715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous%20catalysis | In chemistry, homogeneous catalysis is catalysis where the catalyst is in same phase as reactants, principally by a soluble catalyst in a solution. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysis describes processes where the catalysts and substrate are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas, respectively. The term is used a... | Homogeneous catalysis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,012 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Homogeneous catalysis"
] |
1,427,908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossification | Ossification (also called osteogenesis or bone mineralization) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells named osteoblasts. It is synonymous with bone tissue formation. There are two processes resulting in the formation of normal, healthy bone tissue: Intramembranous ossification is th... | Ossification | [
"Biology"
] | 1,099 | [
"Animals",
"Animal physiology"
] |
1,427,967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wave%20mixing | Four-wave mixing (FWM) is an intermodulation phenomenon in nonlinear optics, whereby interactions between two or three wavelengths produce two or one new wavelengths. It is similar to the third-order intercept point in electrical systems. Four-wave mixing can be compared to the intermodulation distortion in standard el... | Four-wave mixing | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,020 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Frequency mixers"
] |
1,428,025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terephthalic%20acid | Terephthalic acid is an organic compound with formula C6H4(CO2H)2. This white solid is a commodity chemical, used principally as a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Several million tons are produced annually. The common name is derived from the turpentine-producing tree Pistacia... | Terephthalic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,142 | [
"Commodity chemicals",
"Products of chemical industry"
] |
1,428,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BF%20model | The BF model or BF theory is a topological field, which when quantized, becomes a topological quantum field theory. BF stands for background field B and F, as can be seen below, are also the variables appearing in the Lagrangian of the theory, which is helpful as a mnemonic device.
We have a 4-dimensional differentia... | BF model | [
"Physics"
] | 378 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
1,428,177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deicing | De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface. Anti-icing is the application of chemicals that not only de-ice but also remain on a surface and continue to delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time, or prevent adhesion of ice to make mechanical removal easier.
De-icing can be ac... | Deicing | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,732 | [
"Ice in transportation",
"Transport safety",
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Chemical processes",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
1,429,237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced%20gravity | Induced gravity (or emergent gravity) is an idea in quantum gravity that spacetime curvature and its dynamics emerge as a mean field approximation of underlying microscopic degrees of freedom, similar to the fluid mechanics approximation of Bose–Einstein condensates. The concept was originally proposed by Andrei Sakhar... | Induced gravity | [
"Physics"
] | 743 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theories of gravity"
] |
1,430,548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preon | In particle physics, preons are hypothetical point particles, conceived of as sub-components of quarks and leptons. The word was coined by Jogesh Pati and Abdus Salam, in 1974. Interest in preon models peaked in the 1980s but has slowed, as the Standard Model of particle physics continues to describe physics mostly suc... | Preon | [
"Physics"
] | 3,157 | [
"Hypothetical elementary particles",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
1,430,855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage%20display | Phage display is a laboratory technique for the study of protein–protein, protein–peptide, and protein–DNA interactions that uses bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to connect proteins with the genetic information that encodes them. In this technique, a gene encoding a protein of interest is inserted into a ... | Phage display | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,442 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Protein–protein interaction assays",
"Microbiology",
"Microscopy",
"Biochemistry",
"Display techniques",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,431,342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20theory | In mathematics and mathematical physics, potential theory is the study of harmonic functions.
The term "potential theory" was coined in 19th-century physics when it was realized that two fundamental forces of nature known at the time, namely gravity and the electrostatic force, could be modeled using functions called ... | Potential theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,521 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Potential theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
29,021,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20medicine | Plasma medicine is an emerging field that combines plasma physics, life sciences and clinical medicine. It is being studied in disinfection, healing, cancer , and surgery. Most of the research is in vitro and in animal models.
It uses ionized gas (physical plasma) for medical uses or dental applications. Plasma, often... | Plasma medicine | [
"Physics"
] | 2,050 | [
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Plasma physics"
] |
5,212,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum%20coffee%20maker | A vacuum coffee maker brews coffee using two chambers where vapor pressure and gravity produce coffee. This type of coffee maker is also known as vac pot, siphon or syphon coffee maker, and was invented by Loeff of Berlin in the 1830s. These devices have since been used for more than a century in many parts of the worl... | Vacuum coffee maker | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 777 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Vacuum",
"Piping",
"Matter",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,876,834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath%E2%80%93Jarrow%E2%80%93Morton%20framework | The Heath–Jarrow–Morton (HJM) framework is a general framework to model the evolution of interest rate curves – instantaneous forward rate curves in particular (as opposed to simple forward rates). When the volatility and drift of the instantaneous forward rate are assumed to be deterministic, this is known as the Gaus... | Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,286 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical finance"
] |
2,877,265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Parkin | Stuart Stephen Papworth Parkin (born 9 December 1955) is an experimental physicist, Managing Director at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle and an Alexander von Humboldt Professor at the Institute of Physics of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg.
He is a pioneer in the science and a... | Stuart Parkin | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,557 | [
"Spintronics",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
2,877,563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front%20end%20of%20line | The front end of line (FEOL) is the first portion of IC fabrication where the individual components (transistors, capacitors, resistors, etc.) are patterned in a semiconductor substrate. FEOL generally covers everything up to (but not including) the deposition of metal interconnect layers.
Steps
For the CMOS process, ... | Front end of line | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 362 | [
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electronics manufacturing",
"Microtechnology"
] |
2,877,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20end%20of%20line | Back end of the line or back end of line (BEOL) is a process in semiconductor device fabrication that consists of depositing metal interconnect layers onto a wafer already patterned with devices. It is the second part of IC fabrication, after front end of line (FEOL). In BEOL, the individual devices (transistors, capac... | Back end of line | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 530 | [
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electronics manufacturing",
"Microtechnology"
] |
2,877,844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosahedral%20symmetry | In mathematics, and especially in geometry, an object has icosahedral symmetry if it has the same symmetries as a regular icosahedron. Examples of other polyhedra with icosahedral symmetry include the regular dodecahedron (the dual of the icosahedron) and the rhombic triacontahedron.
Every polyhedron with icosahedral ... | Icosahedral symmetry | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,811 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Finite groups",
"Algebraic structures",
"Symmetry",
"Rotational symmetry"
] |
2,878,096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal%20mode | A longitudinal mode of a resonant cavity is a particular standing wave pattern formed by waves confined in the cavity. The longitudinal modes correspond to the wavelengths of the wave which are reinforced by constructive interference after many reflections from the cavity's reflecting surfaces. All other wavelengths ar... | Longitudinal mode | [
"Physics"
] | 636 | [
"Wave mechanics",
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics"
] |
2,878,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20work%20zone | A smart work zone or intelligent work zone refers to a site-specific configuration of traffic control technology deployed within a roadway work zone to increase the safety of construction workers, provide "real-time" travel information, and efficiently route motorists through a work zone. Smart work zones reduce the d... | Smart work zone | [
"Engineering"
] | 200 | [
"Construction",
"Road construction"
] |
2,878,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapropylammonium%20perruthenate | Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP or TPAPR) is the chemical compound described by the formula N(C3H7)4RuO4. Sometimes known as the Ley–Griffith reagent, this ruthenium compound is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. This salt consists of the tetrapropylammonium cation and the perruthenate anion, .
Uses
Ruth... | Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 337 | [
"Redox",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Deliquescent materials"
] |
2,878,431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Methylmorpholine%20N-oxide | N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (more correctly 4-methylmorpholine 4-oxide), NMO or NMMO is an organic compound. This heterocyclic amine oxide and morpholine derivative is used in organic chemistry as a co-oxidant and sacrificial catalyst in oxidation reactions for instance in osmium tetroxide oxidations and the Sharpless a... | N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 697 | [
"Amine oxides",
"Functional groups",
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
2,879,691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHMOS | CHMOS refers to one of a series of Intel CMOS processes developed from their HMOS process. CHMOS stands for "complementary high-performance metal-oxide-silicon. It was first developed in 1981.
CHMOS was used in the Intel 80C51BH, a new version of their standard MCS-51 microcontroller. The chip was also used in later... | CHMOS | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 318 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Digital electronics",
"Electronic design",
"Electronic engineering",
"Design",
"Integrated circuits"
] |
22,947,275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microrheology | Microrheology is a technique used to measure the rheological properties of a medium, such as microviscosity, via the measurement of the trajectory of a flow tracer (a micrometre-sized particle). It is a new way of doing rheology, traditionally done using a rheometer. There are two types of microrheology: passive micror... | Microrheology | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,223 | [
"Soft matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Rheology",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
22,948,543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrafluoroammonium | The tetrafluoroammonium cation (also known as perfluoroammonium) is a positively charged polyatomic ion with chemical formula . It is equivalent to the ammonium ion where the hydrogen atoms surrounding the central nitrogen atom have been replaced by fluorine. Tetrafluoroammonium ion is isoelectronic with tetrafluoromet... | Tetrafluoroammonium | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 784 | [
"Matter",
"Fluorinating agents",
"Reagents for organic chemistry",
"Cations",
"Ions"
] |
35,770,676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary%20cubic | In mathematics, a quaternary cubic form is a degree 3 homogeneous polynomial in four variables. The zeros form a cubic surface in 3-dimensional projective space.
Invariants
and studied the ring of invariants of a quaternary cubic, which is a ring generated by invariants of
degrees 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 100. The genera... | Quaternary cubic | [
"Physics"
] | 244 | [
"Invariant theory",
"Group actions",
"Symmetry"
] |
35,775,305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam%20turbine%20governing | Steam turbine governing is the procedure of controlling the flow rate of steam to a steam turbine so as to maintain its speed of rotation as constant. The variation in load during the operation of a steam turbine can have a significant impact on its performance. In a practical situation the load frequently varies from ... | Steam turbine governing | [
"Physics"
] | 1,114 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical power control"
] |
35,775,998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Rabbit%20Project | White Rabbit is the name of a collaborative project including CERN, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research and other partners from universities and industry to develop a fully deterministic Ethernet-based network for general purpose data transfer and sub-nanosecond accuracy time transfer. Its initial use was as a ... | White Rabbit Project | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,229 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Synchronization"
] |
35,778,656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendered%20sexuality | Gendered sexuality is the way in which gender and sexuality are often viewed as likened constructs, whereby the role of gender in an individual's life is informed by and impacts others' perceptions of their sexuality. For example, both the male and female genders are subject to assumptions of heterosexuality. If a man... | Gendered sexuality | [
"Biology"
] | 4,465 | [
"Behavior",
"Sexuality",
"Sex"
] |
35,779,834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine%20biosynthesis | Carnitine biosynthesis is a method for the endogenous production of L-carnitine, a molecule that is essential for energy metabolism. In humans and many other animals, L-carnitine is obtained from both diet and by biosynthesis. The carnitine biosynthesis pathway is highly conserved among many eukaryotes and some prokary... | Carnitine biosynthesis | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,234 | [
"Biosynthesis",
"Metabolism",
"Chemical synthesis"
] |
35,781,493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocorticosterone | 3α,5α-Tetrahydrocorticosterone (3α,5α-THB), or simply tetrahydrocorticosterone (THB or THCC), is an endogenous glucocorticoid hormone.
See also
5α-Dihydrocorticosterone
Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone
Allopregnanolone
Tetrahydrocortisone
Tetrahydrocortisol
References
Glucocorticoids
Ke... | Tetrahydrocorticosterone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 131 | [
"Ketones",
"Functional groups"
] |
35,781,701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozingo%20reduction | The Mozingo reduction, also known as Mozingo reaction or thioketal reduction, is a chemical reaction capable of fully reducing a ketone or aldehyde to the corresponding alkane via a dithioacetal. The reaction scheme is as follows:
The ketone or aldehyde is activated by conversion to cyclic dithioacetal by reaction wit... | Mozingo reduction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 233 | [
"Name reactions",
"Organic redox reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
24,457,573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphism%20of%20algebraic%20varieties | In algebraic geometry, a morphism between algebraic varieties is a function between the varieties that is given locally by polynomials. It is also called a regular map. A morphism from an algebraic variety to the affine line is also called a regular function.
A regular map whose inverse is also regular is called biregu... | Morphism of algebraic varieties | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,373 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Types of functions"
] |
24,458,945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C38H30 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C38H30}}
The molecular formula C38H30 (molar mass: 486.64 g/mol, exact mass: 486.2348 u) may refer to:
Hexaphenylethane
Gomberg's dimer
Molecular formulas | C38H30 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 64 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,458,988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C40H82 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C40H82}}
The molecular formula C40H82 may refer to:
Lycopane, an alkane isoprenoid
Tetracontane, an alkane
15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane, an alkane pheromone
Molecular formulas | C40H82 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 77 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
24,461,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%20efficacy%20rule | The FDA animal efficacy rule (also known as animal rule) applies to development and testing of drugs and biologicals to reduce or prevent serious or life-threatening conditions caused by exposure to lethal or permanently disabling toxic agents (chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear substances), where human eff... | Animal efficacy rule | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 395 | [
"Bioethics",
"Animal testing",
"Pharmacology",
"Specialty drugs",
"Biotechnology products",
"Life sciences industry",
"Pharmacy",
"Pharmaceutical industry",
"Biotechnology",
"Biological warfare",
"nan",
"Ethics of science and technology",
"Biopharmaceuticals"
] |
24,465,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent%20function | In the mathematical field of combinatorics, a bent function is a Boolean function that is maximally non-linear; it is as different as possible from the set of all linear and affine functions when measured by Hamming distance between truth tables. Concretely, this means the maximum correlation between the output of the ... | Bent function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,046 | [
"Boolean algebra",
"Discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Combinatorics",
"Fields of abstract algebra"
] |
24,465,401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanolaser | A nanolaser is a laser that has nanoscale dimensions and it refers to a micro-/nano- device which can emit light with light or electric excitation of nanowires or other nanomaterials that serve as resonators. A standard feature of nanolasers includes their light confinement on a scale approaching or suppressing the dif... | Nanolaser | [
"Physics"
] | 2,689 | [
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
24,465,715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective%20index | The protective index (PI) is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity. Quantitatively, it is the ratio given by the toxic dose divided by the therapeutic dose. A protective index is the toxic dose of a drug for 50% of the population (TD50) d... | Protective index | [
"Chemistry"
] | 539 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Clinical pharmacology"
] |
24,465,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median%20toxic%20dose | In toxicology, the median toxic dose (TD50) of a drug or toxin is the dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of cases. The type of toxicity should be specified for this value to have meaning for practical purposes. The median toxic dose encompasses the category of toxicity that is greater than half maximum effective conc... | Median toxic dose | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 278 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Toxicology",
"Toxicology stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Pharmacology stubs"
] |
24,467,573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20star%20%28semiclassical%20gravity%29 | A black star is a gravitational object composed of matter. It is a theoretical alternative to the black hole concept from general relativity. The theoretical construct was created through the use of semiclassical gravity theory. A similar structure should also exist for the Einstein–Maxwell–Dirac equations system, whic... | Black star (semiclassical gravity) | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 447 | [
"Black holes",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Stellar black holes",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Quantum gravity",
"Density",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Astronomical objects",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
33,083,988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C6H11N3 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C6H11N3}}
The molecular formula C6H11N3 (molar mass: 125.17 g/mol, exact mass: 125.0953 u) may refer to:
α-Methylhistamine
1-Methylhistamine
4-Methylhistamine
Molecular formulas | C6H11N3 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 71 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
33,086,678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20numerical%20range | Given a Hilbert space with a tensor product structure a product numerical range is defined as a numerical range with respect to the subset of product vectors. In some situations, especially in the context of quantum mechanics product numerical range is known as local numerical range
Introduction
Let be an operator ... | Product numerical range | [
"Physics"
] | 759 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
33,087,757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20hazards%20of%20air%20travel | A number of possible health hazards of air travel have been investigated.
Infection
On an airplane, people sit in a confined space for extended periods of time, which increases the risk of transmission of airborne infections. For this reason, airlines place restrictions on the travel of passengers with known airborne ... | Health hazards of air travel | [
"Technology"
] | 704 | [
"nan"
] |
33,093,589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbfix | Carbfix is an Icelandic company founded in 2007. It has developed an approach to permanently store CO2 by dissolving it in water and injecting it into basaltic rocks. Once in the subsurface, the injected CO2 reacts with the host rock forming stable carbonate minerals, thus providing permanent storage of the injected CO... | Carbfix | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,363 | [
"Greenhouse gases",
"Geoengineering",
"Planetary engineering",
"Emissions reduction"
] |
33,095,314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual%20bimaturism | Sexual bimaturism describes a difference in developmental timing between males and females of the same species. Sexual bimaturism can result in sexual dimorphism, but sexual dimorphism could also develop through differential rates of development. In many insects, the larval period of females is longer than that of male... | Sexual bimaturism | [
"Biology"
] | 272 | [
"Human sexuality",
"Behavior",
"Human behavior",
"Sexuality"
] |
25,881,839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropic%20gravity | Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force—a force with macro-scale homogeneity but which is subject to quantum-level disorder—and not a fundamental interaction. The theory, based on string theory, black hole physics, and quantum informati... | Entropic gravity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,282 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory",
"Thermodynamics",
"Theories of gravity",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
25,884,081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit%20fluorometer | The Qubit fluorometer is a laboratory instrument developed and distributed by Invitrogen, which is now a part of Thermo Fisher. It is used for the quantification of DNA, RNA, and protein.
Method
The Qubit fluorometer method is to use fluorescent dyes to determine the concentration of either nucleic acids or proteins ... | Qubit fluorometer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 471 | [
"Luminescence",
"Fluorescence",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular biology laboratory equipment",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
27,738,864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta%20Materialia | Acta Materialia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published twenty times per year by Elsevier on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. The editor-in-chief is Gregory S. Rohrer. The journal covers research on all aspects of materials science and publishes original papers and commissioned reviews called Overviews.
History
... | Acta Materialia | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 242 | [
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
27,739,443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20transmutation | Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or an isotope into another chemical element. Nuclear transmutation occurs in any process where the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is changed.
A transmutation can be achieved either by nuclear reactions (in which an outside particl... | Nuclear transmutation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,602 | [
"Nuclear chemistry",
"nan",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
27,739,767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces%20on%20sails | Forces on sails result from movement of air that interacts with sails and gives them motive power for sailing craft, including sailing ships, sailboats, windsurfers, ice boats, and sail-powered land vehicles. Similar principles in a rotating frame of reference apply to windmill sails and wind turbine blades, which are ... | Forces on sails | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 8,247 | [
"Naval architecture",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Marine engineering",
"Marine propulsion",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
27,740,507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3H6Cl2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C3H6Cl2}}
The molecular formula C3H6Cl2 (molar mass: 112.98 g/mol, exact mass: 111.9847 u) may refer to:
1,2-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropane | C3H6Cl2 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 71 | [
"Isomerism",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas"
] |
931,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YORP%20effect | The Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect, or YORP effect for short, changes the rotation state of a small astronomical body – that is, the body's spin rate and the obliquity of its pole(s) – due to the scattering of solar radiation off its surface and the emission of its own thermal radiation.
The YORP effect ... | YORP effect | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,521 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics",
"Rotation",
"Materials science",
"Motion (physics)",
"Radiation",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Radiation effects"
] |
931,250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screened%20Coulomb%20potentials%20implicit%20solvent%20model | SCP-ISM, or screened Coulomb potentials implicit solvent model, is a continuum approximation of solvent effects for use in computer simulations of biological macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, usually within the framework of molecular dynamics. It is based on the classic theory of polar liquids, as dev... | Screened Coulomb potentials implicit solvent model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 130 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Computational physics",
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
932,217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20unified%20field%20theories | Since the 19th century, some physicists, notably Albert Einstein, have attempted to develop a single theoretical framework that can account for all the fundamental forces of nature – a unified field theory. Classical unified field theories are attempts to create a unified field theory based on classical physics. In par... | Classical unified field theories | [
"Physics"
] | 2,412 | [
"Theoretical physics"
] |
932,460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myers%27s%20theorem | Myers's theorem, also known as the Bonnet–Myers theorem, is a celebrated, fundamental theorem in the mathematical field of Riemannian geometry. It was discovered by Sumner Byron Myers in 1941. It asserts the following:
In the special case of surfaces, this result was proved by Ossian Bonnet in 1855. For a surface, t... | Myers's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 342 | [
"Geometric inequalities",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
932,711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmichael%27s%20theorem | In number theory, Carmichael's theorem, named after the American mathematician R. D. Carmichael,
states that, for any nondegenerate Lucas sequence of the first kind Un(P, Q) with relatively prime parameters P, Q and positive discriminant, an element Un with n ≠ 1, 2, 6 has at least one prime divisor that does not divid... | Carmichael's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 930 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Recurrence relations",
"Fibonacci numbers",
"Golden ratio",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical problems",
"Number theory"
] |
932,823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcineurin | Calcineurin (CaN) is a calcium and calmodulin dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase (also known as protein phosphatase 3, and calcium-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase). It activates the T cells of the immune system and can be blocked by drugs. Calcineurin activates nuclear factor of activated T cell cyto... | Calcineurin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 893 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
31,580,571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal%20laser | A liquid-crystal laser is a laser that uses a liquid crystal as the resonator cavity, allowing selection of emission wavelength and polarization from the active laser medium. The lasing medium is usually a dye doped into the liquid crystal. Liquid-crystal lasers are comparable in size to diode lasers, but provide the c... | Liquid-crystal laser | [
"Physics"
] | 1,179 | [
"Materials",
"Optical materials",
"Matter"
] |
31,583,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elitzur%27s%20theorem | In quantum field theory and statistical field theory, Elitzur's theorem states that in gauge theories, the only operators that can have non-vanishing expectation values are ones that are invariant under local gauge transformations. An important implication is that gauge symmetry cannot be spontaneously broken. The theo... | Elitzur's theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,366 | [
"Theorems in dynamical systems",
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"Equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Statistical mechanics theorems",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Geometry",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Symmetry",
"Physics theorems"
] |
31,585,964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20catalysts | The first time a catalyst was used in the industry was in 1746 by J. Roebuck in the manufacture of lead chamber sulfuric acid. Since then catalysts have been in use in a large portion of the chemical industry. In the start only pure components were used as catalysts, but after the year 1900 multicomponent catalysts wer... | Industrial catalysts | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,501 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
31,586,191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana%2030 | The Dana/Spicer Model 30 is an automotive axle manufactured by Dana Holding Corporation. It has been manufactured as a beam axle and independent suspension axle with several versions.
General specifications
Ring Gear measures
OEM Inner axle shaft spline count: 27
GAWR up to 2770 lbs.
Dana 30 solid axles
Dana 23
... | Dana 30 | [
"Engineering"
] | 212 | [
"Automotive engineering",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline"
] |
31,587,252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20projection | In information theory, the information projection or I-projection of a probability distribution q onto a set of distributions P is
.
where is the Kullback–Leibler divergence from q to p. Viewing the Kullback–Leibler divergence as a measure of distance, the I-projection is the "closest" distribution to q of all the ... | Information projection | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 374 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
6,844,674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerously%20irrelevant%20operator | In statistical mechanics and quantum field theory, a dangerously irrelevant operator (or dangerous irrelevant operator) is an operator which is irrelevant at a renormalization group fixed point, yet affects the infrared (IR) physics significantly (e.g. because the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of some field depends se... | Dangerously irrelevant operator | [
"Physics"
] | 566 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Critical phenomena",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Renormalization group",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
6,847,430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sec-Butyllithium | sec-Butyllithium is an organometallic compound with the formula CH3CHLiCH2CH3, abbreviated sec-BuLi or s-BuLi. This chiral organolithium reagent is used as a source of sec-butyl carbanion in organic synthesis.
Synthesis
sec-BuLi can be prepared by the reaction of sec-butyl halides with lithium metal:
Properties
Phys... | Sec-Butyllithium | [
"Chemistry"
] | 472 | [
"Organolithium compounds",
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
6,847,848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary%20complex | A ternary complex is a protein complex containing three different molecules that are bound together. In structural biology, ternary complex can also be used to describe a crystal containing a protein with two small molecules bound, such as a cofactor and a substrate; or a complex formed between two proteins and a singl... | Ternary complex | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 255 | [
"Protein stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Molecular biology stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
6,849,966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Dig%20ceiling%20collapse | The Big Dig ceiling collapse occurred on July 10, 2006, when a concrete ceiling panel and debris weighing and measuring fell in Boston's Fort Point Channel Tunnel (which connects to the Ted Williams Tunnel). The panel fell on a car traveling on the two-lane ramp connecting northbound I-93 to eastbound I-90 in South B... | Big Dig ceiling collapse | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,881 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Reliability engineering",
"Technological failures",
"Engineering failures",
"Civil engineering"
] |
6,851,367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langer%20correction | The Langer correction, named after the mathematician Rudolf Ernest Langer, is a correction to the WKB approximation for problems with radial symmetry.
Description
In 3D systems
When applying WKB approximation method to the radial Schrödinger equation,
where the effective potential is given by
( the azimuthal quant... | Langer correction | [
"Physics"
] | 382 | [
"Theoretical physics"
] |
6,852,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormonal%20imprinting | Hormonal imprinting (HI) is a phenomenon which takes place at the first encounter between a hormone and its developing receptor in the critical periods of life (in unicellulars during the whole life) and determines the later signal transduction capacity of the cell. The most important period in mammals is the perinata... | Hormonal imprinting | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 181 | [
"Cell biology",
"Physiology",
"Signal transduction",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry"
] |
34,586,557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit%E2%80%93duck%20illusion | The rabbit–duck illusion is an ambiguous image in which a rabbit or a duck can be seen.
The earliest known version is an unattributed drawing from the 23 October 1892 issue of , a German humour magazine. It was captioned, in older German spelling, "" ("Which animals are most like each other?"), with "" ("Rabbit and Du... | Rabbit–duck illusion | [
"Physics"
] | 591 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Optical illusions"
] |
21,484,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Symbol%20of%20Access | The International Symbol of Access (ISA), also known as the International Wheelchair Symbol, denotes areas where access has been improved, mostly for those with disabilities. It consists of a usually blue square overlaid in white (or in contrasting colours) with a stylized image of a person in a wheelchair. It is maint... | International Symbol of Access | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,127 | [
"Accessibility",
"Symbols",
"Design"
] |
21,485,619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%E2%80%93Siegel%20formula | In mathematics, the Riemann–Siegel formula is an asymptotic formula for the error of the approximate functional equation of the Riemann zeta function, an approximation of the zeta function by a sum of two finite Dirichlet series. It was found by in unpublished manuscripts of Bernhard Riemann dating from the 1850s. Sie... | Riemann–Siegel formula | [
"Mathematics"
] | 389 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Theorems in analytic number theory"
] |
21,487,040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranyl%20carbonate | Uranyl carbonate refers to the inorganic compound with the formula UO2CO3. Also known by its mineral name rutherfordine, this material consists of uranyl (UO22+) and carbonate (CO32-). Like most uranyl salts, the compound is a polymeric, each uranium(VI) center being bonded to eight O atoms. Hydrolysis products of rut... | Uranyl carbonate | [
"Physics"
] | 612 | [
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"Matter"
] |
38,570,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas9 | Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9, formerly called Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a 160 kilodalton protein which plays a vital role in the immunological defense of certain bacteria against DNA viruses and plasmids, and is heavily utilized in genetic engineering applications. Its main function is to cut DNA and thereby alter ... | Cas9 | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 5,175 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genome editing",
"Immune system",
"Genetic engineering",
"Organ systems",
"Molecular genetics",
"Repetitive DNA sequences"
] |
38,571,537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQuORE | SQUORE is a software analytics and static code analysis tool for software projects. It gathers information from different artefacts types (e.g. source code, test results, bug tracking system) and tools (reads outputs of Checkstyle, PMD, FindBugs, Polyspace, Coverity or SonarQube) and publishes a summarised view of the ... | SQuORE | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 527 | [
"Software engineering",
"Quantity",
"Metrics",
"Software metrics"
] |
38,573,239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceptable%20ring | In mathematics, an acceptable ring is a generalization of an excellent ring, with the conditions about regular rings in the definition of an excellent ring replaced by conditions about Gorenstein rings. Acceptable rings were introduced by .
All finite-dimensional Gorenstein rings are acceptable, as are all finitely g... | Acceptable ring | [
"Mathematics"
] | 80 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Commutative algebra",
"Ring theory"
] |
37,125,686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTOR%20inhibitors | mTOR inhibitors are a class of drugs used to treat several human diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegeneration. They function by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (also known as the mechanistic target of rapamycin), which is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that belo... | MTOR inhibitors | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 6,997 | [
"Tor signaling pathway",
"Neurochemistry",
"Biochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
37,127,641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal-centered%20cycloaddition%20reactions | A metal-centered cycloaddition is a subtype of the more general class of cycloaddition reactions. In such reactions "two or more unsaturated molecules unite directly to form a ring", incorporating a metal bonded to one or more of the molecules. Cycloadditions involving metal centers are a staple of organic and organome... | Metal-centered cycloaddition reactions | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,042 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
37,131,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20Gauss%20sum | In mathematics, an elliptic Gauss sum is an analog of a Gauss sum depending on an elliptic curve with complex multiplication. The quadratic residue symbol in a Gauss sum is replaced by a higher residue symbol such as a cubic or quartic residue symbol, and the exponential function in a Gauss sum is replaced by an ellipt... | Elliptic Gauss sum | [
"Mathematics"
] | 240 | [
"Algebraic number theory",
"Number theory"
] |
37,135,857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C20H28N4O2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C20H28N4O2}}
The molecular formula C20H28N4O2 may refer to:
AB-CHMINACA, an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid
Rolofylline, an experimental diuretic which acts as a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist
Molecular formulas | C20H28N4O2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 74 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
37,136,779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience%20architecture | Experience architecture (XA) is the art of articulating a clear user story/journey through an information architecture, interaction design and experience design that an end user navigates across products and services offered by the client or as intended by the designer. This visual representation is intended not only t... | Experience architecture | [
"Engineering"
] | 645 | [
"Design"
] |
37,138,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development%20testing | Development testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs.
Depending on the organization's expectations for software development, development testing might... | Development testing | [
"Engineering"
] | 813 | [
"Software engineering",
"Software testing"
] |
3,864,143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous%20differentiation | In geology, igneous differentiation, or magmatic differentiation, is an umbrella term for the various processes by which magmas undergo bulk chemical change during the partial melting process, cooling, emplacement, or eruption. The sequence of (usually increasingly silicic) magmas produced by igneous differentiation is... | Igneous differentiation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,991 | [
"nan"
] |
3,864,203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20of%20zero%20charge | The point of zero charge (pzc) is generally described as the pH at which the net electrical charge of the particle surface (i.e. adsorbent's surface) is equal to zero. This concept has been introduced in the studies dealing with colloidal flocculation to explain why pH is affecting the phenomenon.
A related concept in... | Point of zero charge | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,590 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
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