id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3,873,319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron%20trichloride | Boron trichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula BCl3. This colorless gas is a reagent in organic synthesis. It is highly reactive towards water.
Production and structure
Boron reacts with halogens to give the corresponding trihalides. Boron trichloride is, however, produced industrially by chlorination of... | Boron trichloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,082 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Salts"
] |
3,873,667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P110%CE%B4 | Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform also known as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) delta isoform or p110δ is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3CD gene.
p110δ regulates immune function. In contrast to the other class IA PI3Ks p110α and p110β, p110δ is principally ... | P110δ | [
"Biology"
] | 1,364 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
3,875,249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper-clad%20aluminium%20wire | Copper-clad aluminium wire (CCAW or CCA) is a dual-metal electrical conductor composed of an inner aluminium core and outer copper cladding.
Production
A copper strip is formed into the shape of a cylinder, while it is being wrapped around an aluminum core and the edges of the copper strip are welded together. The as... | Copper-clad aluminium wire | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 532 | [
"Electrical systems",
"Building engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical wiring"
] |
3,877,901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%28D%29J%20recombination | V(D)J recombination (variable–diversity–joining rearrangement) is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. It results in the highly diverse repertoire of antibodies/immunoglobulins and T cell receptors (TCRs) found in B cells a... | V(D)J recombination | [
"Biology"
] | 3,053 | [
"Organ systems",
"Immunology",
"Immune system"
] |
22,980,399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head%20injury%20criterion | The head injury criterion (HIC) is a measure of the likelihood of head injury arising from an impact. The HIC can be used to assess safety related to vehicles, personal protective gear, and sport equipment.
Normally the variable is derived from the measurements of an accelerometer mounted at the center of mass of a c... | Head injury criterion | [
"Mathematics"
] | 625 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical modeling"
] |
22,981,287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroscopic%20quantum%20self-trapping | In quantum mechanics, macroscopic quantum self-trapping is when two Bose–Einstein condensates weakly linked by an energy barrier which particles can tunnel through, nevertheless end up with a higher average number of bosons on one side of the junction than the other. The junction of two Bose–Einstein condensates is mos... | Macroscopic quantum self-trapping | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 414 | [
"Bose–Einstein condensates",
"Theoretical physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
22,981,865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20tunnelling%20composite | Quantum tunnelling composites (QTCs) are composite materials of metals and non-conducting elastomeric binder, used as pressure sensors. They use quantum tunnelling: without pressure, the conductive elements are too far apart to conduct electricity; when pressure is applied, they move closer and electrons can tunnel thr... | Quantum tunnelling composite | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,003 | [
"Electrical components",
"Quantum electronics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Electrical engineering",
"Components"
] |
22,984,567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi%20flume | In hydrology, a Venturi flume is a device used for measuring the rate of flow of a liquid in situations with large flow rates, such as a river. It is based on the Venturi effect, for which it is named. It was first developed by V.M. Cone in Fort Collins, Colorado.
The Venturi flume consists of a flume with a constric... | Venturi flume | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 143 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
22,987,859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoreversible%20thermodynamics | Endoreversible thermodynamics is a subset of irreversible thermodynamics aimed at making more realistic assumptions about heat transfer than are typically made in reversible thermodynamics. It gives an upper bound on the power that can be derived from a real process that is lower than that predicted by Carnot for a Car... | Endoreversible thermodynamics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 912 | [
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
22,989,100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kato%20theorem | The Kato theorem, or Kato's cusp condition (after Japanese mathematician Tosio Kato), is used in computational quantum physics. It states that for generalized Coulomb potentials, the electron density has a cusp at the position of the nuclei, where it satisfies
Here denotes the positions of the nuclei, their atomic... | Kato theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 259 | [
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"Equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Quantum physics stubs",
"Physics theorems"
] |
22,989,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-genome | In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a pan-genome (pangenome or supragenome) is the entire set of genes from all strains within a clade. More generally, it is the union of all the genomes of a clade. The pan-genome can be broken down into a "core pangenome" that contains genes present in all individuals, a ... | Pan-genome | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,580 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Microbiology",
"Molecular genetics",
"DNA sequencing",
"Microscopy",
"Pathogen genomics"
] |
24,481,760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast%20transfer%20function | The contrast transfer function (CTF) mathematically describes how aberrations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) modify the image of a sample. This contrast transfer function (CTF) sets the resolution of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), also known as phase contrast TEM.
By considering... | Contrast transfer function | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,581 | [
"Measuring instruments",
"Microscopes",
"Structural biology",
"Microscopy",
"Protein structure"
] |
24,483,784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20%28hydrology%29 | In hydrology, a current in a water body is the flow of water in any one particular direction. The current varies spatially as well as temporally, dependent upon the flow volume of water, stream gradient, and channel geometry. In tidal zones, the current and streams may reverse on the flood tide before resuming on the e... | Current (hydrology) | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 201 | [
"Hydrology",
"Hydrology stubs",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
24,483,950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulard | The mulard (or moulard) is a hybrid between two different genera of domestic duck: the domestic Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) and the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), derived from the wild mallard. American Pekins and other domestic ducks are most commonly used to breed mulards due to the bree... | Mulard | [
"Biology"
] | 577 | [
"Intergeneric hybrids",
"Hybrid organisms"
] |
2,078,218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange%20%28road%29 | In the field of road transport, an interchange (American English) or a grade-separated junction (British English) is a road junction that uses grade separations to allow for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways or highways, using a system of interconnecting roadways to permit traffic on at least one of ... | Interchange (road) | [
"Engineering"
] | 4,092 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Bridges"
] |
2,080,260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier%20generation%20and%20recombination | In solid-state physics of semiconductors, carrier generation and carrier recombination are processes by which mobile charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) are created and eliminated. Carrier generation and recombination processes are fundamental to the operation of many optoelectronic semiconductor devices, su... | Carrier generation and recombination | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,353 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Charge carriers",
"Semiconductors",
"Materials",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter"
] |
2,081,987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman%20function | A Chapman function describes the integration of atmospheric absorption along a slant path on a spherical Earth, relative to the vertical case. It applies to any quantity with a concentration decreasing exponentially with increasing altitude. To a first approximation, valid at small zenith angles, the Chapman function f... | Chapman function | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 390 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Special functions",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Combinatorics",
"Waves"
] |
2,082,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20temperature | The potential temperature of a parcel of fluid at pressure is the temperature that the parcel would attain if adiabatically brought to a standard reference pressure , usually . The potential temperature is denoted and, for a gas well-approximated as ideal, is given by
where is the current absolute temperature (i... | Potential temperature | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,188 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Meteorological quantities",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
2,889,394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity%20laws | The affinity laws (also known as the "Fan Laws" or "Pump Laws") for pumps/fans are used in hydraulics, hydronics and/or HVAC to express the relationship between variables involved in pump or fan performance (such as head, volumetric flow rate, shaft speed) and power. They apply to pumps, fans, and hydraulic turbines. I... | Affinity laws | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 875 | [
"Pumps",
"Turbomachinery",
"Turbines",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,889,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder%20coating | Powder coating is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. Unlike conventional liquid paint, which is delivered via an evaporating solvent, powder coating is typically applied electrostatically and then cured under heat or with ultraviolet light. The powder may be a thermoplastic or a thermosett... | Powder coating | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 4,119 | [
"Building",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Powders",
"Matter"
] |
2,890,925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20ecology | Acoustic ecology, sometimes called ecoacoustics or soundscape studies, is a discipline studying the relationship, mediated through sound, between human beings and their environment. Acoustic ecology studies started in the late 1960s with R. Murray Schafer a musician, composer and former professor of communication studi... | Acoustic ecology | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 2,343 | [
"Soundscape ecology",
"Ecological techniques",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
2,891,089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CETAC | Chalmers Engineering Trainee Appointment Committee (CETAC) is a student group located at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. The sole purpose of the organisation is to bring American companies and Swedish students together. Each summer, CETAC members go to North America to gain practical experience... | CETAC | [
"Engineering"
] | 198 | [
"nan"
] |
2,891,127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity%20value | Equity value is the value of a company available to owners or shareholders. It is the enterprise value plus all cash and cash equivalents, short and long-term investments, and less all short-term debt, long-term debt and minority interests.
Equity value accounts for all the ownership interest in a firm including the v... | Equity value | [
"Mathematics"
] | 286 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical finance"
] |
2,891,216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinacol%20coupling%20reaction | A pinacol coupling reaction is an organic reaction in which a carbon–carbon bond is formed between the carbonyl groups of an aldehyde or a ketone in presence of an electron donor in a free radical process. The reaction product is a vicinal diol. The reaction is named after pinacol (also known as 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butane... | Pinacol coupling reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,064 | [
"Coupling reactions",
"Free radical reactions",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
2,891,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanotransduction | In cellular biology, mechanotransduction (mechano + transduction) is any of various mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical stimulus into electrochemical activity. This form of sensory transduction is responsible for a number of senses and physiological processes in the body, including proprioception, touch, balan... | Mechanotransduction | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 2,134 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biophysics"
] |
2,892,078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrate%28VI%29 | Ferrate(VI) is the inorganic anion with the chemical formula [FeO4]2−. It is photosensitive, contributes a pale violet colour to compounds and solutions containing it and is one of the strongest water-stable oxidizing species known. Although it is classified as a weak base, concentrated solutions containing ferrate(VI)... | Ferrate(VI) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 787 | [
"Ferrates",
"Redox",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Salts"
] |
2,892,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirzebruch%E2%80%93Riemann%E2%80%93Roch%20theorem | In mathematics, the Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem, named after Friedrich Hirzebruch, Bernhard Riemann, and Gustav Roch, is Hirzebruch's 1954 result generalizing the classical Riemann–Roch theorem on Riemann surfaces to all complex algebraic varieties of higher dimensions. The result paved the way for the Grothendieck... | Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,000 | [
"Theorems in algebraic geometry",
"Theorems in complex geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
2,892,513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonimaging%20optics | Nonimaging optics (also called anidolic optics) is a branch of optics that is concerned with the optimal transfer of light radiation between a source and a target. Unlike traditional imaging optics, the techniques involved do not attempt to form an image of the source; instead an optimized optical system for optimal ra... | Nonimaging optics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 6,261 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
2,893,444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building%20automation | Building automation (BAS), also known as building management system (BMS) or building energy management system (BEMS), is the automatic centralized control of a building's HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), electrical, lighting, shading, access control, security systems, and other interrelated systems. S... | Building automation | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,463 | [
"Building engineering",
"Building automation",
"Automation"
] |
2,893,603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudiculture | Hirudiculture is the culture, or farming, of leeches in both natural and artificial environments. This practice drew the attention of Parisian savants and members of the French Société Zoologique d'Acclimitation in the mid-to-late 19th century as a part of a larger interest in the culture of fish and oysters. Leech c... | Hirudiculture | [
"Chemistry"
] | 132 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacy"
] |
935,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanism | Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning, a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and urban sociology, an academic field which studies urban life.
Man... | Urbanism | [
"Engineering"
] | 827 | [
"Urban planning",
"Architecture"
] |
935,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36%20Ophiuchi | 36 Ophiuchi (or Guniibuu for component A) is a triple star system 19.5 light-years from Earth. It is in the constellation Ophiuchus.
The primary and secondary stars (also known as HD 155886) are nearly identical orange main-sequence dwarfs of spectral type K2/K1. This binary is unusual because its eruptions do not see... | 36 Ophiuchi | [
"Astronomy"
] | 597 | [
"Ophiuchus",
"Constellations"
] |
935,830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin%20wave | A Kelvin wave is a wave in the ocean, a large lake or the atmosphere that balances the Earth's Coriolis force against a topographic boundary such as a coastline, or a waveguide such as the equator. A feature of a Kelvin wave is that it is non-dispersive, i.e., the phase speed of the wave crests is equal to the group sp... | Kelvin wave | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,321 | [
"Atmospheric dynamics",
"Gravity waves",
"Civil engineering",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
936,059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative%20sequences | In social sciences and other domains, representative sequences are whole sequences that best characterize or summarize a set of sequences. In bioinformatics, representative sequences also designate substrings of a sequence that characterize the sequence.
Social sciences
In Sequence analysis in social sciences, repre... | Representative sequences | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 546 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Biological engineering",
"Protein structure",
"Structural biology"
] |
938,177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal%20chemistry | Medicinal or pharmaceutical chemistry is a scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacy involved with designing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Medicinal chemistry involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use. It also includes t... | Medicinal chemistry | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,109 | [
"Computational chemistry",
"Cheminformatics",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Biochemistry",
"nan"
] |
938,244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downwash | In aeronautics, downwash is the change in direction of air deflected by the aerodynamic action of an airfoil, wing, or helicopter rotor blade in motion, as part of the process of producing lift. In helicopter aerodynamics discussions, it may be referred to as induced flow.
Lift on an airfoil is an example of the appli... | Downwash | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 170 | [
"Vortices",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
938,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antineutron | The antineutron is the antiparticle of the neutron with symbol . It differs from the neutron only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign. It has the same mass as the neutron, and no net electric charge, but has opposite baryon number (+1 for neutron, −1 for the antineutron). This is becau... | Antineutron | [
"Physics"
] | 424 | [
"Antimatter",
"Nucleons",
"Matter",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
938,659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20deflection | The vertical deflection (VD) or deflection of the vertical (DoV), also known as deflection of the plumb line and astro-geodetic deflection, is a measure of how far the gravity direction at a given point of interest is rotated by local mass anomalies such as nearby mountains. They are widely used in geodesy, for surveyi... | Vertical deflection | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,431 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Geodesy",
"Geophysics"
] |
938,663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-task%20learning | Multi-task learning (MTL) is a subfield of machine learning in which multiple learning tasks are solved at the same time, while exploiting commonalities and differences across tasks. This can result in improved learning efficiency and prediction accuracy for the task-specific models, when compared to training the model... | Multi-task learning | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,723 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Machine learning"
] |
27,758,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20roughness | Hydraulic roughness is the measure of the amount of frictional resistance water experiences when passing over land and channel features. It quantifies the impact of surface irregularities and obstructions on the flow of water.
One roughness coefficient is Manning's n-value. Manning's n is used extensively around the w... | Hydraulic roughness | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 480 | [
"Hydrology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydrology stubs",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
27,759,167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZFinText | Arizona Financial Text System (AZFinText) is a textual-based quantitative financial prediction system written by Robert P. Schumaker of University of Texas at Tyler and Hsinchun Chen of the University of Arizona.
System
This system differs from other systems in that it uses financial text as one of its key means of pr... | AZFinText | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 876 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical finance",
"Software engineering"
] |
27,762,016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20Stem%20Cell | Cell Stem Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cell Press, an imprint of Elsevier.
History
The journal was established in 2007 and focuses on stem cell research.
Both research articles and reviews are published, at about a 7 to 1 ratio.
References
External links
Stem Cell Therapy
Stem Cell Trea... | Cell Stem Cell | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 87 | [
"Translational medicine",
"Tissue engineering",
"Stem cell research"
] |
33,111,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s%20speed-up%20theorem | In mathematics, Gödel's speed-up theorem, proved by , shows that there are theorems whose proofs can be drastically shortened by working in more powerful axiomatic systems.
Kurt Gödel showed how to find explicit examples of statements in formal systems that are provable in that system but whose shortest proof is unim... | Gödel's speed-up theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 538 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Proof theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
33,113,800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HRS%20Computing | HRS Computing is an open-source scientific software which simulates the hyper Rayleigh scattering (HRS) in nonlinear optics.
The software is designed for researchers, and it is used to verify the agreement between theoretical models and experimental data.
Main features
From the physics point of view the software prov... | HRS Computing | [
"Physics"
] | 137 | [
"Physics software",
"Computational physics"
] |
33,116,840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue%20Engineering%20and%20Regenerative%20Medicine%20International%20Society | Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society is an international learned society dedicated to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Background
Regenerative medicine involves processes of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal ... | Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,310 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Cloning",
"Chemical engineering",
"Tissue engineering",
"Medical technology"
] |
33,125,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdsourced%20testing | Crowdsourced testing is an emerging trend in software testing which exploits the benefits, effectiveness, and efficiency of crowdsourcing and the cloud platform. It differs from traditional testing methods in that the testing is carried out by a number of different testers from different places, and not by hired consul... | Crowdsourced testing | [
"Engineering"
] | 220 | [
"Software engineering",
"Software testing"
] |
38,596,565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethenium | In chemistry, ethenium, protonated ethylene or ethyl cation is a positive ion with the formula . It can be viewed as a molecule of ethylene () with one added proton (), or a molecule of ethane () minus one hydride ion (). It is a carbocation; more specifically, a nonclassical carbocation.
Preparation
Ethenium has been... | Ethenium | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 367 | [
"Physical chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"nan"
] |
25,901,829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamaterial%20absorber | A metamaterial absorber is a type of metamaterial intended to efficiently absorb electromagnetic radiation such as light. Furthermore, metamaterials are an advance in materials science. Hence, those metamaterials that are designed to be absorbers offer benefits over conventional absorbers such as further miniaturizatio... | Metamaterial absorber | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,236 | [
"Metamaterials",
"Materials science"
] |
25,902,186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PD%205500 | PD 5500 is a specification for unfired pressure vessels. It specifies requirements for the design, manufacture, inspection and testing of unfired pressure vessels made from carbon, ferritic alloy, and austenitic steels. It also includes material supplements containing requirements for vessels made from aluminium, coppe... | PD 5500 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 443 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Chemical equipment",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Structural engineering standards",
"Pressure vessels"
] |
25,902,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal%E2%80%93epithelial%20transition | A mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) is a reversible biological process that involves the transition from motile, multipolar or spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells to planar arrays of polarized cells called epithelia. MET is the reverse process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it has been shown to occur... | Mesenchymal–epithelial transition | [
"Biology"
] | 1,436 | [
"Behavior",
"Developmental biology",
"Reproduction"
] |
25,903,837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20crush%20test | The edge crush test is a laboratory test method that is used to measure the cross-direction crushing of a sample of corrugated board. It gives information on the ability of a particular board construction to resist crushing. It provides some relationship with the peak top-to-bottom compression strength of empty singlew... | Edge crush test | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 368 | [
"Materials testing",
"Materials science"
] |
25,904,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition%20Network%20Technology | Cognition Network Technology (CNT), also known as Definiens Cognition Network Technology, is an object-based image analysis method developed by Nobel laureate Gerd Binnig together with a team of researchers at Definiens AG in Munich, Germany. It serves for extracting information from images using a hierarchy of image o... | Cognition Network Technology | [
"Engineering"
] | 857 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Packaging machinery",
"Computer vision"
] |
25,905,119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s%20Last%20Theorem%20%28book%29 | Fermat's Last Theorem is a popular science book (1997) by Simon Singh. It tells the story of the search for a proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, first conjectured by Pierre de Fermat in 1637, and explores how many mathematicians such as Évariste Galois had tried and failed to provide a proof for the theorem. Despite the e... | Fermat's Last Theorem (book) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 243 | [
"Number theory stubs",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Fermat's Last Theorem",
"Number theory"
] |
25,906,274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHOSFOS | PHOSFOS (Photonic Skins For Optical Sensing) is a research and technology development project co-funded by the European Commission.
Project Description
The PHOSFOS project is developing flexible and stretchable foils or skins that integrate optical sensing elements with optical and electrical devices, such as onboard... | PHOSFOS | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 2,283 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biomedical engineering",
"Materials science",
"Construction",
"Electronic engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"nan",
"Flexible electronics",
"Medical technology"
] |
25,907,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track%20significance | Track significance, in high energy collision experiments, is defined as the ratio between the impact parameter of a track (distance from the primary vertex) and the estimated error in it.
Formula
References
Experimental particle physics | Track significance | [
"Physics"
] | 42 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
25,910,081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee%20arthritis | Arthritis of the knee is typically a particularly debilitating form of arthritis. The knee may become affected by almost any form of arthritis.
The word arthritis refers to inflammation of the joints. Types of arthritis include those related to wear and tear of cartilage, such as osteoarthritis, to those associated wi... | Knee arthritis | [
"Biology"
] | 1,800 | [
"Senescence",
"Aging-associated diseases"
] |
25,910,555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonic%20composition | In mathematics, demonic composition is an operation on binary relations that is similar to the ordinary composition of relations but is robust to refinement of the relations into (partial) functions or injective relations.
Unlike ordinary composition of relations, demonic composition is not associative.
Definition
S... | Demonic composition | [
"Mathematics"
] | 97 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Predicate logic",
"Mathematical logic",
"Binary operations",
"Binary relations",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Basic concepts in set theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Algebraic logic"
] |
34,608,273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star-mesh%20transform | The star-mesh transform, or star-polygon transform, is a mathematical circuit analysis technique to transform a resistive network into an equivalent network with one less node. The equivalence follows from the Schur complement identity applied to the Kirchhoff matrix of the network.
The equivalent impedance betweens n... | Star-mesh transform | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 349 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Equations of physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Electronic engineering",
"Mathematical relations",
"Circuit theorems",
"Transforms",
"Electrical circuits",
"Electrical engineering",
"Physics theorems"
] |
34,610,793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallography%20Open%20Database | The Crystallography Open Database (COD) is a database of crystal structures. Unlike similar crystallographic databases, the database is entirely open-access, with registered users able to contribute published and unpublished structures of small molecules and small to medium-sized unit cell crystals to the database. As ... | Crystallography Open Database | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 264 | [
"Crystallography stubs",
"Crystallographic databases",
"Crystallography",
"Materials science stubs"
] |
34,614,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC%20polymer%20nomenclature | IUPAC Polymer Nomenclature are standardized naming conventions for polymers set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and described in their publication "Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature", which is also known as the "Purple Book". Both the IUPAC and Chemical Abstracts Servic... | IUPAC polymer nomenclature | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,940 | [
"Polymers",
"nan",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
34,615,176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20equivalence%20%28homotopy%20theory%29 | In mathematics, a weak equivalence is a notion from homotopy theory that in some sense identifies objects that have the same "shape". This notion is formalized in the axiomatic definition of a model category.
A model category is a category with classes of morphisms called weak equivalences, fibrations, and cofibration... | Weak equivalence (homotopy theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 992 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical structures",
"Category theory",
"Homological algebra"
] |
30,581,229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodin%20tool | The Rodin tool is a software tool for formal modelling in Event-B. It was developed as part of several collaborative European Union projects, including initially the RODIN project (2004–2007).
Overview
Event-B is a notation and method developed from the B-Method and is intended to be used with an incremental style of ... | Rodin tool | [
"Mathematics"
] | 795 | [
"Formal methods tools",
"Mathematical software"
] |
30,586,932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifragility | Antifragility is a property of systems in which they increase in capability to thrive as a result of stressors, shocks, volatility, noise, mistakes, faults, attacks, or failures. The concept was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his book, Antifragile, and in technical papers. As Taleb explains in his book, antifrag... | Antifragility | [
"Engineering"
] | 783 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Reliability engineering"
] |
30,594,071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative%20Splicing%20and%20Transcript%20Diversity%20database | The Alternative Splicing and Transcript Diversity database (ASTD) was a database of transcript variants maintained by the European Bioinformatics Institute from 2008 to 2012. It contained transcription initiation, polyadenylation and splicing variant data.
See also
Alternative Splicing Annotation Project
AspicDB
RN... | Alternative Splicing and Transcript Diversity database | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 123 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
30,594,108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChimerDB | ChimerDB in computational biology is a database of fusion sequences.
ChimerDB currently consists of three searchable datasets.
ChimerKB is a curated knowledge base of 1,066 fusion genes sourced from publicly available scientific literature.
ChimerPub provides continuously updated descriptions on fusion genes text min... | ChimerDB | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 132 | [
"Gene expression",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Biological databases"
] |
30,594,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBASS3/5 | DBASS3 and DBASS5 in computational biology is a database of new exon boundaries induced by pathogenic mutations in human disease genes.
The database has been used in a large number of studies; Google Scholar has 87 entries for papers using DBASS3, and 80 for papers using DBASS5 including
Vallée MP, Di Sera TL, Nix DA,... | DBASS3/5 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 419 | [
"Gene expression",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Biological databases"
] |
30,594,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maneb | Maneb (manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate) is a fungicide and a polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis (dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand.
Health effects
Exposure to maneb can occur when breathed in, it can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat as well as headache, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness, seizur... | Maneb | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 442 | [
"Fungicides",
"Dithiocarbamates",
"Functional groups",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Polymers",
"Biocides"
] |
31,597,935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20quantum%20philosophy | This is a glossary for the terminology applied in the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum metaphysics, collectively called quantum philosophy, a subfield of philosophy of physics.
Note that this is a highly debated field, hence different researchers may have different definitions on the terms.
Physics
Non-c... | Glossary of quantum philosophy | [
"Physics"
] | 570 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
31,600,380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20dividend%20after%20digital%20television%20transition | The digital dividend refers to the radio spectrum which is released in the process of digital television transition. When television broadcasters switch from analog TV to digital-only platforms, part of the electromagnetic spectrum that has been used for broadcasting will be freed-up because digital television needs le... | Digital dividend after digital television transition | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,938 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Radio spectrum",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
31,601,451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brus%20equation | The Brus equation or confinement energy equation can be used to describe the emission energy of quantum dot semiconductor nanocrystals in terms of the band gap energy Egap, the Planck constant h, the radius of the quantum dot r, as well as the effective mass of the excited electron me* and of the excited hole mh*. The... | Brus equation | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 249 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Quantum electronics"
] |
31,601,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme%20Function%20Initiative | The Enzyme Function Initiative (EFI) is a large-scale collaborative project aiming to develop and disseminate a robust strategy to determine enzyme function through an integrated sequence–structure-based approach. The project was funded in May 2010 by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences as a Glue Grant ... | Enzyme Function Initiative | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,230 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Cellular processes",
"Metabolism",
"Computational biology"
] |
31,605,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%282-ethylhexyl%29phosphoric%20acid | Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA or HDEHP) is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C8H17O)2PO2H. The colorless liquid is a diester of phosphoric acid and 2-ethylhexanol. It is used in the solvent extraction of uranium, vanadium and the rare-earth metals.
Preparation
DEHPA is prepared through the reac... | Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,066 | [
"nan",
"Separation processes"
] |
37,158,447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PK-3%20Plus%20%28ISS%20experiment%29 | The Plasmakristall-3 Plus (PK-3 Plus) laboratory was a joint Russian-German laboratory for the investigation of dusty/complex plasmas on board the International Space Station (ISS), with the principal investigators at the German Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and the Russian Institute for High Energy... | PK-3 Plus (ISS experiment) | [
"Physics"
] | 505 | [
"Plasma physics facilities",
"Plasma physics"
] |
29,057,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appert%20topology | In general topology, a branch of mathematics, the Appert topology, named for , is a topology on the set } of positive integers.
In the Appert topology, the open sets are those that do not contain 1, and those that asymptotically contain almost every positive integer. The space X with the Appert topology is called the ... | Appert topology | [
"Mathematics"
] | 551 | [
"General topology",
"Mathematical structures",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology"
] |
29,057,399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demagnetizing%20field | The demagnetizing field, also called the stray field (outside the magnet), is the magnetic field (H-field) generated by the magnetization in a magnet. The total magnetic field in a region containing magnets is the sum of the demagnetizing fields of the magnets and the magnetic field due to any free currents or displace... | Demagnetizing field | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,336 | [
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science"
] |
29,064,324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Arthur%20Campbell | Henry Arthur Campbell MIEE (24 June 1873 to 6 June 1953) was a Jamaican electrical engineer and long-serving employee and Chief Engineer of the Jamaican public utility.
Education and career
Henry was tutored privately and at Church of England grammar schools in his early years, before apprenticing as an electrical en... | Henry Arthur Campbell | [
"Engineering"
] | 345 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical engineers"
] |
22,992,399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction%20and%20Analysis%20of%20Distributed%20Processes | CADP (Construction and Analysis of Distributed Processes) is a toolbox for the design of communication protocols and distributed systems. CADP is developed by the CONVECS team (formerly by the VASY team) at INRIA Rhone-Alpes and connected to various complementary tools. CADP is maintained, regularly improved, and used... | Construction and Analysis of Distributed Processes | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,224 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Formal methods",
"Model checkers",
"Software engineering",
"Synchronization",
"Mathematical software"
] |
22,993,401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteases%20in%20angiogenesis | Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels from existing blood vessels, formed in vasculogenesis. It is a highly complex process involving extensive interplay between cells, soluble factors, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Angiogenesis is critical during normal physiological development, but it also ... | Proteases in angiogenesis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,527 | [
"Angiogenesis",
"Post-translational modification",
"Gene expression",
"Biochemical reactions"
] |
22,994,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20Mikhlin | Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin (, real name Zalman Girshevich Mikhlin) (the family name is also transliterated as Mihlin or Michlin) (23 April 1908 – 29 August 1990) was a Soviet mathematician of who worked in the fields of linear elasticity, singular integrals and numerical analysis: he is best known for the introductio... | Solomon Mikhlin | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,730 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysts"
] |
22,996,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VB%2010 | VB 10 or Van Biesbroeck's star is a small and dim red dwarf located in the constellation Aquila. It is part of a binary star system. VB 10 is historically notable as it was the least luminous and least massive known star from its discovery in 1944, until 1982 when LHS 2924 was shown to be less luminous. Although it is... | VB 10 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,045 | [
"Aquila (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
22,998,776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C20H20 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C20H20}}
The molecular formula C20H20 (molar mass: 260.37 g/mol, exact mass: 260.1565 u) may refer to:
Dodecahedrane
Pagodane
Molecular formulas | C20H20 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 55 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
23,001,219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusing-wave%20spectroscopy | Diffusing-wave spectroscopy (DWS) is an optical technique derived from dynamic light scattering (DLS) that studies the dynamics of scattered light in the limit of strong multiple scattering. It has been widely used in the past to study colloidal suspensions, emulsions, foams, gels, biological media and other forms of s... | Diffusing-wave spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 625 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Soft matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
23,001,725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurgi%E2%80%93Ruhrgas%20process | The Lurgi–Ruhrgas process is an above-ground coal liquefaction and shale oil extraction technology. It is classified as a hot recycled solids technology.
History
The Lurgi–Ruhrgas process was originally invented in the 1940s and further developed in the 1950s for a low-temperature liquefaction of lignite (brown coal).... | Lurgi–Ruhrgas process | [
"Chemistry"
] | 783 | [
"Petroleum technology",
"Oil shale technology",
"Synthetic fuel technologies"
] |
5,227,127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum%20hexaboride | Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6, also called lanthanum boride and LaB) is an inorganic chemical, a boride of lanthanum. It is a refractory ceramic material that has a melting point of 2210 °C, and is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid. It is extremely hard, with a Mohs hardness of 9.5. It has a low work function and o... | Lanthanum hexaboride | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 529 | [
"Refractory materials",
"Materials",
"Ceramic materials",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Matter"
] |
5,227,275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium%20hexaboride | Cerium hexaboride (CeB6, also called cerium boride, CeBix, CEBIX, and (incorrectly) CeB) is an inorganic chemical, a boride of cerium. It is a refractory ceramic material. It has a low work function, one of the highest electron emissivities known, and is stable in vacuum. The principal use of cerium hexaboride is a coa... | Cerium hexaboride | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 540 | [
"Refractory materials",
"Materials",
"Ceramic materials",
"Ceramic engineering",
"Matter"
] |
5,229,194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic%20Monte%20Carlo | The kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method is a Monte Carlo method computer simulation intended to simulate the time evolution of some processes occurring in nature. Typically these are processes that occur with known transition rates among states. These rates are inputs to the KMC algorithm; the method itself cannot predict... | Kinetic Monte Carlo | [
"Physics"
] | 2,172 | [
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Computational physics"
] |
5,230,467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20for%20Nuclear%20Auxiliary%20Power | The Systems Nuclear Auxiliary POWER (SNAP) program was a program of experimental radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and space nuclear reactors flown during the 1960s by NASA.
The SNAP program developed as a result of Project Feedback, a Rand Corporation study of reconnaissance satellites completed in 1954. ... | Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 2,671 | [
"Electrical generators",
"Machines",
"Nuclear technology",
"Physical systems",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
5,230,919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniqueness%20theorem%20for%20Poisson%27s%20equation | The uniqueness theorem for Poisson's equation states that, for a large class of boundary conditions, the equation may have many solutions, but the gradient of every solution is the same. In the case of electrostatics, this means that there is a unique electric field derived from a potential function satisfying Poisson'... | Uniqueness theorem for Poisson's equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 704 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in calculus",
"Calculus",
"Mathematical problems",
"Uniqueness theorems"
] |
35,806,738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold%20%28architecture%29 | A threshold is the sill of a door. Some cultures attach special symbolism to a threshold. It is called a door saddle in New England.
Door thresholds cover the gap between the floor and the door frame, helping to prevent any water leaks, insects or draughts from entering through the opening.
Etymology
Various popular... | Threshold (architecture) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 328 | [
"Building engineering",
"Architectural elements",
"Components",
"Architecture"
] |
35,810,608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courcelle%27s%20theorem | In the study of graph algorithms, Courcelle's theorem is the statement that every graph property definable in the monadic second-order logic of graphs can be decided in linear time on graphs of bounded treewidth. The result was first proved by Bruno Courcelle in 1990 and independently rediscovered by .
It is considered... | Courcelle's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,536 | [
"Graph minor theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory"
] |
35,816,133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20Aspects%20of%20Medicine | Molecular Aspects of Medicine is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering molecular medicine. It is published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Article categories
The journal publishes on... | Molecular Aspects of Medicine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 75 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biochemistry journal stubs"
] |
24,489,295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topray%20Solar | Shenzhen Topray Solar () is a vertically integrated solar energy company with global presences in Africa, Europe, Asia and North America. It is a publicly listed company on China Shenzhen Stock Exchange (Stock Ticker: 002218).
In 2017, the European Commission alleged that Topray Solar had repeatedly violated the minim... | Topray Solar | [
"Engineering"
] | 196 | [
"Electrical engineering companies",
"Photovoltaics manufacturers",
"Electrical engineering organizations",
"Engineering companies"
] |
24,497,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20theory | Informally in mathematical logic, an algebraic theory is a theory that uses axioms stated entirely in terms of equations between terms with free variables. Inequalities and quantifiers are specifically disallowed. Sentential logic is the subset of first-order logic involving only algebraic sentences.
The notion is v... | Algebraic theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 640 | [
"Mathematical logic"
] |
24,497,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissions%20reduction%20currency%20systems | Emissions reduction currency systems (ERCS) are schemes that provide a positive economic and or social reward for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, either through distribution or redistribution of national currency or through the publishing of coupons, reward points, local currency, or complementary currency.
Co... | Emissions reduction currency systems | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,181 | [
"Greenhouse gases",
"Emissions reduction"
] |
21,508,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramers%27%20law | Kramers' law is a formula for the spectral distribution of X-rays produced by an electron hitting a solid target. The formula concerns only bremsstrahlung radiation, not the element specific characteristic radiation. It is named after its discoverer, the Dutch physicist Hendrik Anthony Kramers.
The formula for Kramers... | Kramers' law | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 280 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
"Molecular physics",
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
21,510,483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid%20bilayer%20fusion | In membrane biology, fusion is the process by which two initially distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic cores, resulting in one interconnected structure. If this fusion proceeds completely through both leaflets of both bilayers, an aqueous bridge is formed and the internal contents of the two structures can m... | Lipid bilayer fusion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,628 | [
"Membrane biology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biophysics",
"Molecular biology"
] |
21,510,668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s%20law | Pascal's law (also Pascal's principle or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure) is a principle in fluid mechanics given by Blaise Pascal that states that a pressure change at any point in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere. The law w... | Pascal's law | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,048 | [
"Civil engineering",
"Fluid mechanics"
] |
21,512,627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite%20collision | Strictly speaking, a satellite collision is when two satellites collide while in orbit around a third, much larger body, such as a planet or moon. This definition is typically loosely extended to include collisions between sub-orbital or escape-velocity objects with an object in orbit. Prime examples are the anti-satel... | Satellite collision | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Technology"
] | 1,067 | [
"Outer space",
"Satellite collisions",
"Space debris",
"Mechanics",
"Satellites",
"Collision"
] |
21,516,878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helical%20resonator | A helical resonator is a passive electrical component that can be used as a filter resonator.
Physically, a helical resonator is a wire helix surrounded by a square or cylindrical conductive shield. One end of the helix is connected to the shield and the other end is left open (Weston, 2001, p. 660). The device work... | Helical resonator | [
"Engineering"
] | 640 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Distributed element circuits"
] |
21,518,774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neofavolus%20alveolaris | Neofavolus alveolaris, commonly known as the hexagonal-pored polypore, is a species of fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It causes a white rot of dead hardwoods. Found on sticks and decaying logs, its distinguishing features are its yellowish to orange scaly cap, and the hexagonal or diamond-shaped pores. It is widely... | Neofavolus alveolaris | [
"Biology"
] | 843 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
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