id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21,519,760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FortSP | FortSP is a software package for solving stochastic programming (SP) problems. It solves scenario-based SP problems with recourse as well as problems with chance constraints and integrated chance constraints. FortSP is available as a standalone executable that accepts input in SMPS format and as a library with an inter... | FortSP | [
"Mathematics"
] | 206 | [
"Numerical software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
3,880,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20coefficient | Physical coefficient is an important number that characterizes some physical property of a technical or scientific object under specified conditions. A coefficient also has a scientific reference which is the reliance on force.
Stoichiometric coefficient of a chemical compound
To find the coefficient of a chemical c... | Physical coefficient | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 494 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Physical properties"
] |
3,881,572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore%20Combat%20Engineers | The Singapore Combat Engineers (SCE) is a formation of the Singapore Army. Combat Engineers provide mobility by bridging gaps and clearing minefields to facilitate speedy advance of troops into enemy territory, and counter-mobility by constructing obstacles such as anti-tank ditches to impede the enemy's movement. The ... | Singapore Combat Engineers | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,684 | [
"Engineering units and formations",
"Military engineer corps"
] |
3,882,239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion%20flame | In combustion, a diffusion flame is a flame in which the oxidizer and fuel are separated before burning. Contrary to its name, a diffusion flame involves both diffusion and convection processes. The name diffusion flame was first suggested by S.P. Burke and T.E.W. Schumann in 1928, to differentiate from premixed flame ... | Diffusion flame | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 487 | [
"Combustion",
"Fire",
"Combustion engineering",
"Industrial engineering"
] |
3,882,879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion%20control | Erosion control is the practice of preventing or controlling wind or water erosion in agriculture, land development, coastal areas, river banks and construction. Effective erosion controls handle surface runoff and are important techniques in preventing water pollution, soil loss, wildlife habitat loss and human proper... | Erosion control | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 768 | [
"Construction",
"Riparian zone",
"Hydrology",
"Water pollution"
] |
3,885,155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replica%20trick | In the statistical physics of spin glasses and other systems with quenched disorder, the replica trick is a mathematical technique based on the application of the formula:
or:
where
is most commonly the partition function, or a similar thermodynamic function.
It is typically used to simplify the calculation of , t... | Replica trick | [
"Physics"
] | 1,304 | [
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
1,436,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20principle | In the mathematical fields of differential equations and geometric analysis, the maximum principle is one of the most useful and best known tools of study. Solutions of a differential inequality in a domain D satisfy the maximum principle if they achieve their maxima at the boundary of D.
The maximum principle enables... | Maximum principle | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,147 | [
"Mathematical principles"
] |
1,436,150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20torch | A plasma torch (also known as a plasma arc, plasma gun, plasma cutter, or plasmatron) is a device for generating a directed flow of plasma.
The plasma jet can be used for applications including plasma cutting, plasma arc welding, plasma spraying, and plasma gasification for waste disposal.
Types
Thermal plasmas are g... | Plasma torch | [
"Physics"
] | 860 | [
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Plasma physics"
] |
1,436,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20construct | A DNA construct is an artificially-designed segment of DNA borne on a vector that can be used to incorporate genetic material into a target tissue or cell. A DNA construct contains a DNA insert, called a transgene, delivered via a transformation vector which allows the insert sequence to be replicated and/or expressed ... | DNA construct | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,380 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genetic engineering",
"Genome editing"
] |
1,436,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide%20diversity | Nucleotide diversity is a concept in molecular genetics which is used to measure the degree of polymorphism within a population.
One commonly used measure of nucleotide diversity was first introduced by Nei and Li in 1979. This measure is defined as the average number of nucleotide differences per site between two DNA... | Nucleotide diversity | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 406 | [
"Molecular genetics",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,436,668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voigt%20notation | In mathematics, Voigt notation or Voigt form in multilinear algebra is a way to represent a symmetric tensor by reducing its order. There are a few variants and associated names for this idea: Mandel notation, Mandel–Voigt notation and Nye notation are others found. Kelvin notation is a revival by Helbig of old ideas o... | Voigt notation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 696 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Tensors",
"Mechanics",
"nan"
] |
1,437,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiding%20center | In physics, the motion of an electrically charged particle such as an electron or ion in a plasma in a magnetic field can be treated as the superposition of a relatively fast circular motion around a point called the guiding center and a relatively slow drift of this point. The drift speeds may differ for various speci... | Guiding center | [
"Physics"
] | 1,655 | [
"Plasma theory and modeling",
"Plasma physics"
] |
1,437,371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty%20acid%20metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism consists of various metabolic processes involving or closely related to fatty acids, a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient category. These processes can mainly be divided into (1) catabolic processes that generate energy and (2) anabolic processes where they serve as buil... | Fatty acid metabolism | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 6,536 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism",
"Cellular processes"
] |
1,437,415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde%203-phosphate | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms. With the chemical formula H(O)CCH(OH)CH2OPO32-, this anion is a monophosphate este... | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 832 | [
"Carbohydrate metabolism",
"Pentose phosphate pathway",
"Glycolysis",
"Photosynthesis",
"Metabolic intermediates",
"Biomolecules",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
1,438,121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-neutrophil%20cytoplasmic%20antibody | Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are a group of autoantibodies, mainly of the IgG type, against antigens in the cytoplasm of neutrophils (the most common type of white blood cell) and monocytes. They are detected as a blood test in a number of autoimmune disorders, but are particularly associated with sys... | Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,387 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology",
"Immunologic tests"
] |
1,438,605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Pucheran | Jacques Pucheran (2 June 1817 – 13 January 1895) was a French zoologist born in Clairac. He was a grandnephew to physiologist Étienne Serres (1786-1868).
Pucheran accompanied the expedition on the Astrolabe between 1837 and 1840, under the command of Jules Dumont d'Urville, with fellow-naturalists Jacques Bernard Homb... | Jacques Pucheran | [
"Biology"
] | 392 | [
"Taxon authorities",
"Taxonomy (biology)"
] |
1,440,307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectrophoresis | Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a phenomenon in which a force is exerted on a dielectric particle when it is subjected to a non-uniform electric field. This force does not require the particle to be charged. All particles exhibit dielectrophoretic activity in the presence of electric fields. However, the strength of the for... | Dielectrophoresis | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,095 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Materials science",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Biochemical separation processes",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"nan",
"Nanotechnology",
"Electrophoresis"
] |
38,605,597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal%20rain | Coronal rain is a phenomenon that occurs in the Sun's corona when hot plasma cools and condenses in strong magnetic fields and falls to the photosphere. It is usually associated with active regions. Coronal rain formed when impulsive heating from magnetic reconnection occurs.
The material that makes up the coronal rai... | Coronal rain | [
"Physics"
] | 109 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Solar phenomena"
] |
38,610,814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MALBAC | Multiple Annealing and Looping Based Amplification Cycles (MALBAC) is a quasilinear whole genome amplification method. Unlike conventional DNA amplification methods that are non-linear or exponential (in each cycle, DNA copied can serve as template for subsequent cycles), MALBAC utilizes special primers that allow ampl... | MALBAC | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,345 | [
"nan",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"DNA sequencing",
"Biotechnology"
] |
2,894,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20artificial%20intelligence | The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories, and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. The study of logic and formal reasoning from antiquity to the present led directly to the invention of the programmable digital computer in... | History of artificial intelligence | [
"Technology"
] | 14,940 | [
"Computers",
"History of computing"
] |
2,895,304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20category | In mathematics, particularly in homotopy theory, a model category is a category with distinguished classes of morphisms ('arrows') called 'weak equivalences', 'fibrations' and 'cofibrations' satisfying certain axioms relating them. These abstract from the category of topological spaces or of chain complexes (derived ca... | Model category | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,068 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical relations",
"Category theory"
] |
2,896,282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilin | Resilin is an elastomeric protein found in many insects and other arthropods. It provides soft rubber-elasticity to mechanically active organs and tissue; for example, it enables insects of many species to jump or pivot their wings efficiently. Resilin was first discovered by Torkel Weis-Fogh in locust wing-hinges.
Re... | Resilin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,698 | [
"Synthetic materials",
"Elastomers"
] |
2,896,399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20balance | Harmonic balance is a method used to calculate the steady-state response of nonlinear differential equations, and is mostly applied to nonlinear electrical circuits.
It is a frequency domain method for calculating the steady state, as opposed to the various time-domain steady-state methods. The name "harmonic balance"... | Harmonic balance | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,027 | [
"Electronic design",
"Electronic circuits",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Design"
] |
2,896,995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual%20average%20daily%20traffic | Annual average daily traffic (AADT) is a measure used primarily in transportation planning, transportation engineering and retail location selection. Traditionally, it is the total volume of vehicle traffic of a highway or road for a year divided by 365 days. AADT is a simple, but useful, measurement of how busy the ro... | Annual average daily traffic | [
"Physics"
] | 1,117 | [
"Temporal quantities",
"Temporal rates",
"Physical quantities"
] |
2,897,576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent%20%28artificial%20intelligence%29 | In artificial intelligence, a fluent is a condition that can change over time. In logical approaches to reasoning about actions, fluents can be represented in first-order logic by predicates having an argument that depends on time. For example, the condition "the box is on the table", if it can change over time, cannot... | Fluent (artificial intelligence) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 539 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Logic in computer science"
] |
2,897,680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event%20calculus | The event calculus is a logical theory for representing and reasoning about events and about the way in which they change the state of some real or artificial world. It deals both with action events, which are performed by agents, and with external events, which are outside the control of any agent.
The event calculus... | Event calculus | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,250 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Logic in computer science",
"Logical calculi"
] |
2,898,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaccharidase | Disaccharidases are glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that break down certain types of sugars called disaccharides into simpler sugars called monosaccharides. In the human body, disaccharidases are made mostly in an area of the small intestine's wall called the brush border, making them members of the group of "brush borde... | Disaccharidase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 240 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Glycobiology"
] |
2,898,453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20hypochlorite | Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with chemical formula , also written as . It is a white solid, although commercial samples appear yellow. It strongly smells of chlorine, owing to its slow decomposition in moist air. This compound is relatively stable as a solid and solution and has greater available chlor... | Calcium hypochlorite | [
"Chemistry"
] | 755 | [
"Redox",
"Oxidizing agents"
] |
2,898,458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Worlds%20Mission | The New Worlds Mission is a proposed project comprising a large occulter flying in formation with a space telescope designed to block the light of nearby stars in order to observe their orbiting exoplanets. The observations could be taken with an existing space telescope or a dedicated visible light optical telescope o... | New Worlds Mission | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,015 | [
"Exoplanet search projects",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Space telescopes",
"Astronomy projects",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
2,898,710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot-filament%20ionization%20gauge | The hot-filament ionization gauge, sometimes called a hot-filament gauge or hot-cathode gauge, is the most widely used low-pressure (vacuum) measuring device for the region from 10−3 to 10−10 Torr. It is a triode, with the filament being the cathode.
Note: Principles are mostly the same for hot-cathode ion sources in ... | Hot-filament ionization gauge | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 987 | [
"Vacuum",
"Measuring instruments",
"Vacuum gauges",
"Vacuum systems",
"Pressure gauges",
"Matter"
] |
2,898,953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20cathode | In vacuum tubes and gas-filled tubes, a hot cathode or thermionic cathode is a cathode electrode which is heated to make it emit electrons due to thermionic emission. This is in contrast to a cold cathode, which does not have a heating element. The heating element is usually an electrical filament heated by a separat... | Hot cathode | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,225 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Vacuum tubes",
"Electrodes",
"Vacuum",
"Electrochemistry",
"Experimental physics",
"Accelerator physics",
"Matter"
] |
2,898,991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck%20postulate | The Planck postulate (or Planck's postulate), one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, is the postulate that the energy of oscillators in a black body is quantized, and is given by
where is an integer (1, 2, 3, ...), is the Planck constant, and (the Greek letter nu) is the frequency of the oscillato... | Planck postulate | [
"Physics"
] | 325 | [
"Foundational quantum physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
25,914,855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why%20Most%20Published%20Research%20Findings%20Are%20False | "Why Most Published Research Findings Are False" is a 2005 essay written by John Ioannidis, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine, and published in PLOS Medicine. It is considered foundational to the field of metascience.
In the paper, Ioannidis argued that a large number, if not the majority, of published me... | Why Most Published Research Findings Are False | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,585 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Applied probability"
] |
25,916,521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20%28physics%29 | Plasma () is one of four fundamental states of matter (the other three being solid, liquid, and gas) characterized by the presence of a significant portion of charged particles in any combination of ions or electrons. It is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the universe, mostly in stars (including the Sun), ... | Plasma (physics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 4,937 | [
"Matter",
"Physical phenomena",
"Electromagnetism",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Plasma (physics)",
"Phases of matter",
"Astrophysics",
"Materials",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Electrical conductors",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases"
] |
25,916,835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitzer%20equations | Pitzer equations are important for the understanding of the behaviour of ions dissolved in natural waters such as rivers, lakes and sea-water. They were first described by physical chemist Kenneth Pitzer. The parameters of the Pitzer equations are linear combinations of parameters, of a virial expansion of the excess G... | Pitzer equations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,633 | [
"Thermodynamic equations",
"Equations of physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Equilibrium chemistry",
"Electrochemistry",
"Thermodynamics",
"Chemical thermodynamics",
"Electrochemical equations"
] |
25,920,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rating%20curve | In hydrology, a rating curve is a graph of discharge versus stage for a given point on a stream, usually at gauging stations, where the stream discharge is measured across the stream channel with a flow meter. Numerous measurements of stream discharge are made over a range of stream stages. The rating curve is usually ... | Rating curve | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 434 | [
"Hydrology",
"Hydrology stubs",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
34,622,141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tseytin%20transformation | The Tseytin transformation, alternatively written Tseitin transformation, takes as input an arbitrary combinatorial logic circuit and produces an equisatisfiable boolean formula in conjunctive normal form (CNF). The length of the formula is linear in the size of the circuit. Input vectors that make the circuit output... | Tseytin transformation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,331 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Logic in computer science"
] |
34,623,859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BuildingSMART | buildingSMART, formerly the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), is an international organisation which aims to improve the exchange of information between software applications used in the construction industry. It has developed Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) as a neutral and open specification for B... | BuildingSMART | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 547 | [
"Building engineering",
"Industrial engineering",
"Automation",
"Building information modeling",
"Industrial computing"
] |
34,624,069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siconos | SICONOS is an open source scientific software primarily targeted at
modeling and simulating non-smooth dynamical systems (NSDS):
Mechanical systems (Rigid body or solid) with Unilateral contact and Coulomb friction as we find in Non-smooth mechanics, Contact dynamics or Granular material.
Switched Electrical Circuit... | Siconos | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 493 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
34,626,610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LisH%20domain | In molecular biology, the LisH domain (lis homology domain) is a protein domain found in a large number of eukaryotic proteins, from metazoa, fungi and plants that have a wide range of functions. The recently solved structure of the LisH domain in the N-terminal region of LIS1 depicted it as a novel dimerisation motif,... | LisH domain | [
"Biology"
] | 180 | [
"Protein domains",
"Protein classification"
] |
34,627,159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon%20protease%20family | In molecular biology, the Lon protease family is a family of enzymes that break peptide bonds in proteins resulting in smaller peptides or amino acids. They are found in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. Lon proteases are ATP-dependent serine peptidases belonging to the MEROPS peptidase family S16 (Lon protease family,... | Lon protease family | [
"Biology"
] | 211 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
34,629,138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal%20geometric%20algebra | Conformal geometric algebra (CGA) is the geometric algebra constructed over the resultant space of a map from points in an -dimensional base space to null vectors in . This allows operations on the base space, including reflections, rotations and translations to be represented using versors of the geometric algebra; ... | Conformal geometric algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,442 | [
"Computational geometry",
"Computational mathematics"
] |
34,630,441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi%20Consortium | The Li-Fi Consortium is an international organization focusing on optical wireless technologies. It was founded by four technology-based organizations in October 2011. The goal of the Li-Fi Consortium is to foster the development and distribution of (Li-Fi) optical wireless technologies such as communication, navigatio... | Li-Fi Consortium | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 129 | [
"Optical communications",
"Computer networking",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Wireless networking",
"Wireless",
"Computer science",
"Wireless network organizations"
] |
34,631,143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcov | Tcov is a source code coverage analysis and statement-by-statement profiling tool for software written in Fortran, C and C++. Tcov generates exact counts of the number of times each statement in a program is executed and annotates source code to add instrumentation. It is a standard utility, provided free of cost with ... | Tcov | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,806 | [
"Software engineering",
"Quantity",
"Metrics",
"Software metrics"
] |
34,633,252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruina%20montium | Ruina montium (Latin, "wrecking of mountains") was an ancient Roman mining technique described by Pliny the Elder (Natural History 33.21), who served as procurator in Spain. It is thought to draw on the principle of Pascal's barrel. Miners would excavate narrow cavities down into a mountain, whereby filling the cavitie... | Ruina montium | [
"Chemistry"
] | 116 | [
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
6,870,554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn%20mod%20N%20algorithm | The Luhn mod N algorithm is an extension to the Luhn algorithm (also known as mod 10 algorithm) that allows it to work with sequences of values in any even-numbered base. This can be useful when a check digit is required to validate an identification string composed of letters, a combination of letters and digits or an... | Luhn mod N algorithm | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,034 | [
"Arithmetic",
"Modular arithmetic",
"Number theory"
] |
6,870,773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethyldisiloxane | Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO or MM) is an organosilicon compound with the formula O[Si(CH3)3]2. This volatile colourless liquid is used as a solvent and as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is prepared by the hydrolysis of trimethylsilyl chloride. The molecule is the protypical disiloxane and resembles a subunit of ... | Hexamethyldisiloxane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 582 | [
"Functional groups",
"Trimethylsilyl compounds"
] |
6,871,841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping%20and%20plumbing%20fitting | A fitting or adapter is used in pipe systems to connect sections of pipe (designated by nominal size, with greater tolerances of variance) or tube (designated by actual size, with lower tolerance for variance), adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes such as regulating (or measuring) fluid flow. Th... | Piping and plumbing fitting | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 8,570 | [
"Hydrology",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Plumbing",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Water industry",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Architecture"
] |
6,874,997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomembrane | A geomembrane is very low permeability synthetic membrane liner or barrier used with any geotechnical engineering related material so as to control fluid (liquid or gas) migration in a human-made project, structure, or system. Geomembranes are made from relatively thin continuous polymeric sheets, but they can also be... | Geomembrane | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,103 | [
"Building engineering",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Building materials",
"Matter",
"Architecture"
] |
31,612,752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm%20inflation | In physical cosmology, warm inflation is one of two dynamical realizations of cosmological inflation. The other is the standard scenario, sometimes called cold inflation.
In warm inflation radiation production occurs concurrently with inflationary expansion. This is consistent with the conditions necessary for infla... | Warm inflation | [
"Physics"
] | 166 | [
"Particle physics"
] |
31,614,570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20X-Rays | The X-Rays (also known as The X-Ray Fiend) is an 1897 British silent comic trick film directed by George Albert Smith, featuring a courting couple exposed to X-rays. The 44-second trick film, according to Michael Brooke of BFI Screenonline, "contains one of the first British examples of special effects created by means... | The X-Rays | [
"Physics"
] | 232 | [
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum"
] |
31,615,192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomimetic%20antifouling%20coating | A biomimetic antifouling coating is a treatment that prevents the accumulation of marine organisms on a surface. Typical antifouling coatings are not biomimetic but are based on synthetic chemical compounds that can have deleterious effects on the environment. Prime examples are tributyltin compounds, which are compo... | Biomimetic antifouling coating | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,032 | [
"Paints",
"Bionics",
"Coatings",
"Materials degradation",
"Fouling"
] |
30,608,537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spt%20function | The spt function (smallest parts function) is a function in number theory that counts the sum of the number of smallest parts in each integer partition of a positive integer. It is related to the partition function.
The first few values of spt(n) are:
1, 3, 5, 10, 14, 26, 35, 57, 80, 119, 161, 238, 315, 440, 589 ...
... | Spt function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 276 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Discrete mathematics",
"Integer sequences",
"Mathematical structures",
"Number theory stubs",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Combinatorics stubs",
"Numbers",
"Number theory"
] |
30,610,933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfurous%20acid | Disulfurous acid, metabisulfurous acid or pyrosulfurous acid is an oxoacid of sulfur with the formula . Its structure is . The salts of disulfurous acid are called disulfites or metabisulfites. Disulfurous acid is, like sulfurous acid (), a phantom acid, which does not exist in the free state. In contrast to disulfate ... | Disulfurous acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 154 | [
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Hypotheses in chemistry",
"Hypothetical chemical compounds",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs"
] |
2,082,919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20Power%202010%20Program | The "Nuclear Power 2010 Program" was launched in 2002 by President George W. Bush in 2002, 13 months after the beginning of his presidency, in order to restart orders for nuclear power reactors in the U.S. by providing subsidies for a handful of Generation III+ demonstration plants. The expectation was that these plant... | Nuclear Power 2010 Program | [
"Physics"
] | 1,380 | [
"Nuclear technology",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
2,083,415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navigation%20mesh | A navigation mesh, or navmesh, is an abstract data structure used in artificial intelligence applications to aid agents in pathfinding through complicated spaces. This approach has been known since at least the mid-1980s in robotics, where it has been called a meadow map, and was popularized in video game AI in 2000.
... | Navigation mesh | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 601 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Robotics engineering",
"Computational physics"
] |
2,083,906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20volume | In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance (symbol: , nu) is the quotient of the substance's volume () to its mass ():
It is a mass-specific intrinsic property of the substance. It is the reciprocal of density (rho) and it is also related to the molar volume and molar mass:
The standard unit of specific ... | Specific volume | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,053 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Intensive quantities",
"Size",
"Extensive quantities",
"Mechanics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Volume",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Mass-speci... |
2,085,068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%20metric | The Gödel metric, also known as the Gödel solution or Gödel universe, is an exact solution, found in 1949 by Kurt Gödel, of the Einstein field equations in which the stress–energy tensor contains two terms: the first representing the matter density of a homogeneous distribution of swirling dust particles (see dust solu... | Gödel metric | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,556 | [
"Exact solutions in general relativity",
"Tensors",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Metric tensors"
] |
2,085,185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artin%27s%20conjecture%20on%20primitive%20roots | In number theory, Artin's conjecture on primitive roots states that a given integer a that is neither a square number nor −1 is a primitive root modulo infinitely many primes p. The conjecture also ascribes an asymptotic density to these primes. This conjectural density equals Artin's constant or a rational multiple th... | Artin's conjecture on primitive roots | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,184 | [
"Analytic number theory",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Unsolved problems in number theory",
"Algebraic number theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Number theory"
] |
2,086,689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur%E2%80%93iodine%20cycle | The sulfur–iodine cycle (S–I cycle) is a three-step thermochemical cycle used to produce hydrogen.
The S–I cycle consists of three chemical reactions whose net reactant is water and whose net products are hydrogen and oxygen. All other chemicals are recycled. The S–I process requires an efficient source of heat.
Proc... | Sulfur–iodine cycle | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,288 | [
"Inorganic reactions"
] |
37,179,691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalizations%20of%20Zenobia | The Canalizations of Zenobia or El Kanat are canals that according to traditions, were built by Queen Zenobia to channel water from the Orontes river in the Anti-Lebanon mountains to Palmyra. Remains of the ruins of the canals can be seen in places around Lebanon.
History
Some of the canals were built in the second c... | Canalizations of Zenobia | [
"Engineering"
] | 461 | [
"Macro-engineering"
] |
37,181,976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicanonical%20ensemble | In statistics and physics, multicanonical ensemble (also called multicanonical sampling or flat histogram) is a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling technique that uses the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to compute integrals where the integrand has a rough landscape with multiple local minima. It samples states according t... | Multicanonical ensemble | [
"Physics"
] | 1,553 | [
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Computational physics"
] |
37,183,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langmuir%E2%80%93Taylor%20detector | A Langmuir–Taylor detector, also called surface ionization detector or hot wire detector, is a kind of ionization detector used in mass spectrometry, developed by John Taylor based on the work of Irving Langmuir and K. H. Kingdon.
Construction
This detector usually consists of a heated thin filament or ribbon of a met... | Langmuir–Taylor detector | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 177 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Measuring instruments",
"Particle detectors",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Analytical chemistry stubs",
"Matter"
] |
37,183,702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.%20M.%20Narducci | Lorenzo M. Narducci (25 May 1942 – 21 July 2006) was an Italian-American physicist known for his contributions to quantum optics and the study of laser instabilities, in particular. He was the author of more than 200 scientific papers and several books including Laser Physics and Laser Instabilities. In addition to hi... | L. M. Narducci | [
"Physics"
] | 266 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum physicists",
"Theoretical physicists",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
37,186,842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffman%E2%80%93Taylor%20instability | The Saffman–Taylor instability, also known as viscous fingering, is the formation of patterns in a morphologically unstable interface between two fluids in a porous medium or in a Hele-Shaw cell, described mathematically by Philip Saffman and G. I. Taylor in a paper of 1958. This situation is most often encountered dur... | Saffman–Taylor instability | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 836 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamic instabilities",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
29,068,806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeo%20Model%20Checker | Roméo is an integrated tool environment for modeling, validation and verification of real-time systems modeled as time Petri Nets or stopwatch Petri Nets, extended with parameters.
The tool has been developed by the Real-Time Systems group at LS2N lab (École centrale de Nantes, University of Nantes, CNRS) in Nantes, ... | Romeo Model Checker | [
"Mathematics"
] | 91 | [
"Model checkers",
"Mathematical software"
] |
29,072,525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackey%E2%80%93Arens%20theorem | The Mackey–Arens theorem is an important theorem in functional analysis that characterizes those locally convex vector topologies that have some given space of linear functionals as their continuous dual space.
According to Narici (2011), this profound result is central to duality theory; a theory that is "the central... | Mackey–Arens theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 261 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Vector spaces",
"Topological vector spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Theorems in functional analysis",
"Mathematical problems",
"Lemmas"
] |
29,078,203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle%20Fusion%20Architecture | Oracle Fusion Architecture is a technology reference architecture or blueprint from Oracle Corporation for building applications. Oracle Fusion Applications is built on top of the Oracle Fusion Middleware technology stack using Oracle's Fusion Architecture as blueprint.
Oracle Fusion Architecture is not a product, and... | Oracle Fusion Architecture | [
"Engineering"
] | 265 | [
"Software engineering",
"Software engineering stubs"
] |
29,078,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap%20scum | Soap scum or lime soap is the white solid composed of calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and similar alkaline earth metal derivatives of fatty acids. These materials result from the addition of soap and other anionic surfactants to hard water. Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions, which react with the sur... | Soap scum | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 218 | [
"Water treatment",
"Water pollution",
"Water technology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
29,078,639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive%20material%20identification | Positive material identification (PMI) is the analysis of a material, this can be any material but is generally used for the analysis of metallic alloy to establish composition by reading the quantities by percentage of its constituent elements. Typical methods for PMI include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and optical emis... | Positive material identification | [
"Chemistry"
] | 163 | [
"Elemental analysis",
"Chemical tests"
] |
35,819,612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osculant | In mathematical invariant theory, the osculant or tacinvariant or tact invariant is an invariant of a hypersurface that vanishes if the hypersurface touches itself, or an invariant of several hypersurfaces that osculate, meaning that they have a common point where they meet to unusually high order.
References
Invari... | Osculant | [
"Physics"
] | 72 | [
"Invariant theory",
"Group actions",
"Symmetry"
] |
35,822,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-simplex%20honeycomb | In seven-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the 7-simplex honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). The tessellation fills space by 7-simplex, rectified 7-simplex, birectified 7-simplex, and trirectified 7-simplex facets. These facet types occur in proportions of 2:2:2:1 respectively in the whole honeycomb... | 7-simplex honeycomb | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 634 | [
"Tessellation",
"Crystallography",
"Honeycombs (geometry)",
"Symmetry"
] |
35,823,031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function-spacer-lipid%20Kode%20construct | Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) Kode constructs (Kode Technology) are amphiphatic, water dispersible biosurface engineering constructs that can be used to engineer the surface of cells, viruses and organisms, or to modify solutions and non-biological surfaces with bioactives. FSL Kode constructs spontaneously and stably in... | Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,926 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Protein methods",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Biotechnology",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"nan",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
35,827,110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous%20flame | A luminous flame is a burning flame which is brightly visible. Much of its output is in the form of visible light, as well as heat or light in the non-visible wavelengths.
An early study of flame luminosity was conducted by Michael Faraday and became part of his series of Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, The Chem... | Luminous flame | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 624 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Industrial engineering",
"Combustion engineering",
"Waves",
"Combustion",
"Light",
"Fire"
] |
35,827,608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology%20Industries%20Association | The Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA) is the sector-independent expert, membership and advocacy organisation providing a responsible voice for the industrial nanotechnologies supply chains. The NIA works with regulators and stakeholders on the national, European and international levels so as to secure a supp... | Nanotechnology Industries Association | [
"Materials_science"
] | 479 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanotechnology institutions"
] |
35,827,897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spudcan | Spudcans are the base cones on mobile-drilling jack-up platform. These inverted cones are mounted at the base of the jack-up and provide stability to lateral forces on the jack-up rig when deployed into ocean-bed systems.
Important calculations for spudcan design include the response to vertical, horizontal and torsio... | Spudcan | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 111 | [
"Oil platforms",
"Structural engineering",
"Petroleum stubs",
"Petroleum technology",
"Petroleum",
"Natural gas technology"
] |
23,003,272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grauert%E2%80%93Riemenschneider%20vanishing%20theorem | In mathematics, the Grauert–Riemenschneider vanishing theorem is an extension of the Kodaira vanishing theorem on the vanishing of higher cohomology groups of coherent sheaves on a compact complex manifold, due to .
Grauert–Riemenschneider conjecture
The Grauert–Riemenschneider conjecture is a conjecture related to t... | Grauert–Riemenschneider vanishing theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 133 | [
"Theorems in algebraic geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
23,003,504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20length | The transport length in a strongly diffusing medium (noted l*) is the length over which the direction of propagation of the photon is randomized. It is related to the mean free path l by the relation:
with g: the asymmetry coefficient. or averaging of the scattering angle θ over a high number of scattering events.
g... | Transport length | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 219 | [
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Scattering stubs",
"Colloids",
"Scattering",
"Chemical mixtures",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
24,500,545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20polymer | Smart polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers or functional polymers are high-performance polymers that change according to the environment they are in.
Such materials can be sensitive to a number of factors, such as temperature, humidity, pH, chemical compounds, the wavelength or intensity of light or an electrical or ... | Smart polymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,280 | [
"Polymer material properties",
"Smart materials",
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
24,500,855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SENSE%20lab | The full name of SENSE Lab is Sensory Encoding and Neuro- Sensory Engineering Lab in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It integrates Engineering and physiologic sciences in hearing (communication) and balance.
The lab have a clinical focus on disorders of the ear, audition and balance. They are a physiologic and engineer... | SENSE lab | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 232 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Bioengineering stubs",
"Biomedical engineering",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Medical technology stubs",
"Medical technology"
] |
24,503,316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocode%207%3A%20Geotechnical%20design | In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design (abbreviated EN 1997 or, informally, EC 7) describes how to design geotechnical structures, using the limit state design philosophy. It is published in two parts; "General rules" and "Ground investigation and test... | Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design | [
"Engineering"
] | 526 | [
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Geotechnical engineering"
] |
24,505,830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20of%20Petroleum%20Evaluation%20Engineers | The Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE) is a non-profit professional organization with the objectives to promote the profession of petroleum evaluation engineering, to foster the spirit of scientific research among its Members, and to disseminate facts pertaining to petroleum evaluation engineering among i... | Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers | [
"Engineering"
] | 96 | [
"Petroleum engineering",
"Energy engineering"
] |
24,508,639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic%20property | A characteristic property is a chemical or physical property that helps identify and classify substances. The characteristic properties of a substance are always the same whether the sample being observed is large or small. Thus, conversely, if the property of a substance changes as the sample size changes, that proper... | Characteristic property | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 249 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Physical properties"
] |
5,234,576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20radioactivity | Environmental radioactivity is part of the overall background radiation and is produced by radioactive materials in the human environment. While some radioisotopes, such as strontium-90 (90Sr) and technetium-99 (99Tc), are only found on Earth as a result of human activity, and some, like potassium-40 (40K), are only p... | Environmental radioactivity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 4,194 | [
"Environmental isotopes",
"Isotopes",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
5,234,734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic%20Trunked%20Radio | Logic Trunked Radio (LTR) is a radio system developed in the late 1970s by the E. F. Johnson Company.
LTR is distinguished from some other common trunked radio systems in that it does not have a dedicated control channel. LTR systems are limited to 20 channels (repeaters) per site and each site stands alone (not linke... | Logic Trunked Radio | [
"Engineering"
] | 306 | [
"Radio electronics"
] |
5,235,067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent%20risk%20measure | In the fields of actuarial science and financial economics there are a number of ways that risk can be defined; to clarify the concept theoreticians have described a number of properties that a risk measure might or might not have. A coherent risk measure is a function that satisfies properties of monotonicity, sub-add... | Coherent risk measure | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,542 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Actuarial science"
] |
5,235,137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamics%20of%20Markovian%20particles | Dynamics of Markovian particles (DMP) is the basis of a theory for kinetics of particles in open heterogeneous systems. It can be looked upon as an application of the notion of stochastic process conceived as a physical entity; e.g. the particle moves because there is a transition probability acting on it.
Two particu... | Dynamics of Markovian particles | [
"Physics"
] | 245 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics stubs",
"Classical mechanics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Dynamics (mechanics)"
] |
5,235,216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehnelt%20cylinder | A Wehnelt cylinder (also known as Wehnelt cap, grid cap or simply Wehnelt) is an electrode in the electron gun assembly of some thermionic devices, used for focusing and control of the electron beam. It is named after Arthur Rudolph Berthold Wehnelt, a German physicist, who invented it during the years 1902 and 1903. W... | Wehnelt cylinder | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 632 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Electrodes",
"Vacuum",
"Electrochemistry",
"Matter"
] |
5,235,231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway%20engineering | Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and operation of all types of rail transport systems. It encompasses a wide range of engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial ... | Railway engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 365 | [
"Transportation engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"nan",
"Industrial engineering"
] |
5,235,575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20panel%20%28engineering%29 | A control panel is a flat, often vertical, area where control or monitoring instruments are displayed or it is an enclosed unit that is the part of a system that users can access, such as the control panel of a security system (also called control unit).
They are found in factories to monitor and control machines or p... | Control panel (engineering) | [
"Engineering"
] | 162 | [
"Control devices",
"Control engineering"
] |
5,235,648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost%20line%20%28astrophysics%29 | In astronomy or planetary science, the frost line, also known as the snow line or ice line, is the minimum distance from the central protostar of a solar nebula where the temperature is low enough for volatile compounds such as water, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to condense into solid grains, w... | Frost line (astrophysics) | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,222 | [
"Planetary science",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Astrophysics"
] |
5,237,092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinylsilane | Vinylsilane refers to an organosilicon compound with chemical formula CH2=CHSiH3. It is a derivative of silane (SiH4). The compound, which is a colorless gas, is mainly of theoretical interest.
Substituted vinylsilanes
More commonly used than the parent vinylsilane are vinyl-substituted silanes with other substituent... | Vinylsilane | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 199 | [
"Monomers",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
5,238,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck%20molecular%20force%20field | Merck molecular force field (MMFF) is a family of chemistry force fields developed by Merck Research Laboratories. They are based on the MM3 force field. MMFF is not optimized for one use, such as simulating proteins or small molecules, but tries to perform well for a wide range of organic chemistry calculations. The p... | Merck molecular force field | [
"Chemistry"
] | 245 | [
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Force fields (chemistry)"
] |
5,241,974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt%20shingle | An asphalt shingle is a type of wall or roof shingle that uses asphalt for waterproofing. It is one of the most widely used roofing covers in North America because it has a relatively inexpensive up-front cost and is fairly simple to install.
History
Asphalt shingles are an American invention by Henry Reynolds of Gran... | Asphalt shingle | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,759 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Structural system",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Roofs",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
5,243,299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batrachochytrium%20dendrobatidis | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( ), also known as Bd or the amphibian chytrid fungus, is a fungus that causes the disease chytridiomycosis in amphibians.
Since its discovery in 1998 by Lee Berger and species description in 1999 by Joyce E. Longcore, the disease devastated amphibian populations around the world, in a ... | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis | [
"Biology"
] | 3,417 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
21,525,057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racetrack%20problem | A racetrack problem is a specific instance of a type of race condition. A racetrack problem is a flaw in a system or process whereby the output and/or result of the process is unexpectedly and critically dependent on the sequence or timing of other events that run in a circular pattern. This problem is semantically dif... | Racetrack problem | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 301 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Logic in computer science",
"Computer security exploits"
] |
21,526,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20validity | Test validity is the extent to which a test (such as a chemical, physical, or scholastic test) accurately measures what it is supposed to measure. In the fields of psychological testing and educational testing, "validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entail... | Test validity | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 930 | [
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Measurement",
"Size"
] |
21,529,260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigencolloid | Eigencolloid is a term derived from the German language (eigen: own) and used to designate colloids made of pure phases, also known as intrinsic colloids.
Eigencolloids are metal oxyhydroxide colloids on the nanometer scale formed by aggregation of hydrolyzed metal ions. They are characterized by a very large specific... | Eigencolloid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 424 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Surface science",
"Colloids",
"Chemical mixtures",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
21,530,463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20lipid%20bilayer | A model lipid bilayer is any bilayer assembled in vitro, as opposed to the bilayer of natural cell membranes or covering various sub-cellular structures like the nucleus. They are used to study the fundamental properties of biological membranes in a simplified and well-controlled environment, and increasingly in botto... | Model lipid bilayer | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,885 | [
"Membrane biology",
"Molecular biology"
] |
21,533,163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibitor%20of%20apoptosis%20domain | The inhibitor of apoptosis domain -- also known as IAP repeat, Baculovirus Inhibitor of apoptosis protein Repeat, or BIR -- is a structural motif found in proteins with roles in apoptosis, cytokine production, and chromosome segregation. Proteins containing BIR are known as inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), or BI... | Inhibitor of apoptosis domain | [
"Biology"
] | 210 | [
"Protein structural motifs",
"Protein domains",
"Protein classification"
] |
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