id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
34,113,697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20valves | Valves are quite diverse and may be classified into a number of types.
Basic types - by operating principle
Valves can be categorized into the following types, based on their operating mechanism:
Ball valve, for on–off control without pressure drop. Ideal for quick shut-off, since a 90° turn completely shuts off, com... | List of valves | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,660 | [
"Physical systems",
"Valves",
"Hydraulics",
"Piping"
] |
34,115,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximal%20information%20coefficient | In statistics, the maximal information coefficient (MIC) is a measure of the strength of the linear or non-linear association between two variables X and Y.
The MIC belongs to the maximal information-based nonparametric exploration (MINE) class of statistics. In a simulation study, MIC outperformed some selected low ... | Maximal information coefficient | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 816 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
34,115,523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse%20extragalactic%20background%20radiation | The diffuse extragalactic background radiation (DEBRA) refers to the photon field of extragalactic origin that fills our Universe. It contains photons whose energies span more than twenty orders of magnitude, from 10−7 eV to more than 100 GeV. This range covers everything from the microwaves emitted by free hydrogen at... | Diffuse extragalactic background radiation | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 364 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Radiation",
"Astronomical controversies",
"Extragalactic astronomy",
"Cosmic rays"
] |
34,119,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical%20centrifuge%20modeling | Geotechnical centrifuge modeling is a technique for testing physical scale models of geotechnical engineering systems such as natural and man-made slopes and earth retaining structures and building or bridge foundations.
The scale model is typically constructed in the laboratory and then loaded onto the end of the cen... | Geotechnical centrifuge modeling | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,655 | [
"Construction",
"Scale modeling",
"Civil engineering"
] |
36,686,502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical%20midpoint%20of%20Asia | The location of the geographical centre of Asia (; ; ) depends on the definition of the borders of Asia, mainly whether remote islands are included to define the extreme points of Asia, and on the method of calculating the final result.
Also on the projection used (radial projection on the plane vs. projection on a ge... | Geographical midpoint of Asia | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 474 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Geographical centres",
"Symmetry"
] |
36,688,638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin%20walled%20beams | A thin walled beam is a type of beam (structure) that does not have a solid cross sectional area. The cross section of thin walled beams is made up from thin panels connected together. Typical closed sections include round, square, and rectangular tubes. Open sections include I-beams, T-beams, L-beams, and so on. The a... | Thin walled beams | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 211 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Solid mechanics",
"Statics",
"Building engineering",
"Materials stubs",
"Classical mechanics",
"Structural system",
"Materials",
"Mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
36,692,110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad%C3%B3%E2%80%93Kneser%E2%80%93Choquet%20theorem | In mathematics, the Radó–Kneser–Choquet theorem, named after Tibor Radó, Hellmuth Kneser and Gustave Choquet, states that the Poisson integral of a homeomorphism of the unit circle is a harmonic diffeomorphism of the open unit disk. The result was stated as a problem by Radó and solved shortly afterwards by Kneser in... | Radó–Kneser–Choquet theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 699 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in harmonic analysis"
] |
38,095,180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujam%E2%80%93Samuel%20theorem | In algebraic geometry, the Ramanujam–Samuel theorem gives conditions for a divisor of a local ring to be principal.
It was introduced independently by in answer to a question of Grothendieck and by C. P. Ramanujam in an appendix to a paper by , and was generalized by .
Statement
Grothendieck's version of the Ramanu... | Ramanujam–Samuel theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 185 | [
"Theorems in algebraic geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
38,095,963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallocyanin | Gallocyanin is a chemical compound classified as a phenoxazine dye. In combination with certain metals, it is used to prepare gallocyanin stains that are used in identifying nucleic acids.
References
Phenoxazines
Oxazine dyes
Carboxylic acids | Gallocyanin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 60 | [
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Organic compound stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs"
] |
38,096,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TurboSwing | Turboswing is a type of grease filter used in kitchen ventilation to remove grease particles from the air. It is typically installed inside the extractor hoods of restaurant kitchens. Its operation is based on a rotating filtering medium.
How it works
The main difference between turboswing and most common filters is ... | TurboSwing | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 584 | [
"Sustainable building",
"Chemical equipment",
"Building engineering",
"Filters",
"Construction",
"Filtration"
] |
38,097,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20canting | Some antiferromagnetic materials exhibit a non-zero magnetic moment at a temperature near absolute zero. This effect is ascribed to spin canting, a phenomenon through which spins are tilted by a small angle about their axis rather than being exactly co-parallel.
Spin canting is due to two factors contrasting each oth... | Spin canting | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 154 | [
"Spintronics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic ordering",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
38,097,861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown%20Coal%20Gasification%20Plant | Georgetown Coal Gasification Plant, also known as the Georgetown Service and Gas Company, is a historic coal gasification plant located at Georgetown, Sussex County, Delaware. It was built in the late-19th century, and is a rectangular one-story, three bay by three bay brick structure measuring 40 feet by 25 feet. It... | Georgetown Coal Gasification Plant | [
"Chemistry"
] | 238 | [
"Coal gasification technologies",
"Synthetic fuel technologies"
] |
38,100,144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit%20metropolis | A Transit metropolis is an urbanized region with high-quality public transportation services and settlement patterns that are conducive to riding public transit. While Transit villages and Transit-oriented developments (TODs) focus on creating compact, mixed-use neighborhoods around rail stations, transit metropolises... | Transit metropolis | [
"Physics"
] | 284 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Sustainable transport",
"Transport stubs"
] |
38,104,075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Data%20Protection%20Regulation | The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679), abbreviated GDPR, is a European Union regulation on information privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter... | General Data Protection Regulation | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 9,957 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Computing and society",
"Information privacy",
"Regulation of artificial intelligence"
] |
38,104,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20code%20%28coding%20theory%29 | In information theory, polar codes are a linear block error-correcting codes. The code construction is based on a multiple recursive concatenation of a short kernel code which transforms the physical channel into virtual outer channels. When the number of recursions becomes large, the virtual channels tend to either ha... | Polar code (coding theory) | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,022 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Coding theory",
"Reliability engineering",
"Error detection and correction"
] |
48,599,028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evert%20Jan%20Baerends | Evert Jan Baerends (born 17 September 1945) is a Dutch theoretical chemist. He is an emeritus professor of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Baerends is known for his development and application of electronic structure calculations, which over time led to the development of the Amsterdam Density Functional. He worked e... | Evert Jan Baerends | [
"Chemistry"
] | 346 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Physical chemists",
"Computational chemists",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
"Theoretical chemists"
] |
48,606,512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange%20stability | Lagrange stability is a concept in the stability theory of dynamical systems, named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
For any point in the state space, in a real continuous dynamical system , where is , the motion is said to be positively Lagrange stable if the positive semi-orbit is compact. If the negative semi-orbit... | Lagrange stability | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 221 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Lagrangian mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Stability theory",
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
43,742,131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20novo%20peptide%20sequencing | In mass spectrometry, de novo peptide sequencing is the method in which a peptide amino acid sequence is determined from tandem mass spectrometry.
Knowing the amino acid sequence of peptides from a protein digest is essential for studying the biological function of the protein. In the old days, this was accomplished b... | De novo peptide sequencing | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,427 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Proteomic sequencing",
"Mass",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
43,742,565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wear%20coefficient | The wear coefficient is a physical coefficient used to measure, characterize and correlate the wear of materials.
Background
Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. However, studies have found that wear coefficient is more suitable. The reason being that it takes the w... | Wear coefficient | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 607 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Building engineering",
"Materials science",
"Civil engineering",
"nan",
"Materials degradation",
"Architecture"
] |
43,744,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Machine%20%28computer%20architecture%29 | The Machine is an experimental computer made by Hewlett Packard Enterprise. It was created as part of a research project to develop a new type of computer architecture for servers. The design focused on a “memory centric computing” architecture, where NVRAM replaced traditional DRAM and disks in the memory hierarchy. T... | The Machine (computer architecture) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,426 | [
"Supercomputers",
"Computer engineering",
"Supercomputing",
"Computer architecture",
"Computers"
] |
43,747,856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20axis | Zone axis, a term sometimes used to refer to "high-symmetry" orientations in a crystal, most generally refers to any direction referenced to the direct lattice (as distinct from the reciprocal lattice) of a crystal in three dimensions. It is therefore indexed with direct lattice indices, instead of with Miller indices.... | Zone axis | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,052 | [
"Electron",
"Electron microscopy",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Crystals",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Microscopy",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
42,332,421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterials%20%28journal%29 | Biomaterials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on and applications of biomaterials. It is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Kam W. Leong (Columbia University) and David Williams is an honorary editor. The journal was established in 1980.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstra... | Biomaterials (journal) | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 130 | [
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
42,333,823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20hole%20theory | Dirac hole theory is a theory in quantum mechanics, named after English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac, who introduced it in 1929. The theory poses that the continuum of negative energy states, that are solutions to the Dirac equation, are filled with electrons, and the vacancies in this continuum (holes) are manifes... | Dirac hole theory | [
"Physics"
] | 338 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Dirac equation",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
42,334,954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaver | Aquaver is a cleantech company headquartered in Voorburg, Netherlands, with offices at the High Tech Campus Eindhoven. Aquaver is acknowledged to be the first company worldwide to develop commercial systems based on membrane distillation, a novel technology for water treatment.
Technology
The technology of the Aquaver... | Aquaver | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 484 | [
"Water technology",
"Sewerage",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water pollution"
] |
60,166,827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortho%20effect | Ortho effect is an organic chemistry phenomenon where the presence of a chemical group at the at ortho position or the 1 and 2 position of a phenyl ring, relative to the carboxylic compound changes the chemical properties of the compound. This is caused by steric effects and bonding interactions along with polar effe... | Ortho effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,219 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Isomerism",
"Chemical bonding"
] |
60,167,773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20fallout%20effects%20on%20an%20ecosystem | This article uses Chernobyl as a case study of nuclear fallout effects on an ecosystem.
Chernobyl
Officials used hydrometeorological data to create an image of what the potential nuclear fallout looked like after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Using this method, they were able to determine the distribution of radion... | Nuclear fallout effects on an ecosystem | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 1,327 | [
"Radiation health effects",
"Radioactive contamination",
"Aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster",
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Radiobiology",
"Nuclear fallout",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radiation effects",
"Radioactivity"
] |
56,745,603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive%20autocatalytic%20recombiner | Passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR) is a device that removes hydrogen from the containment of a nuclear power plant during an accident. Its purpose is to prevent hydrogen explosions. Recombiners come into action spontaneously as soon as the hydrogen concentration increases. They are passive devices because their ope... | Passive autocatalytic recombiner | [
"Chemistry"
] | 529 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
56,746,642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Galactosylceramide | α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer, KRN7000) is a synthetic glycolipid derived from structure-activity relationship studies of galactosylceramides isolated from the marine sponge Agelas mauritianus. α-GalCer is a strong immunostimulant and shows potent anti-tumour activity in many in vivo models.
Immunostimulatory propert... | Α-Galactosylceramide | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 262 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Immunology",
"Lipids"
] |
56,747,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Tretyakov%20%28scientist%29 | Sergei Anatolyevich Tretyakov (; born in 1956) is a Russian-Finnish scientist, focused in electromagnetic field theory, complex media electromagnetics and microwave engineering. He is currently a professor at Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University (former Helsinki University of Technology), Fin... | Sergei Tretyakov (scientist) | [
"Materials_science"
] | 2,261 | [
"Metamaterials scientists",
"Metamaterials"
] |
56,747,378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistive%20pulse%20sensing | Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) is the generic, non-commercial term given for the well-developed technology used to detect, and measure the size of, individual particles in fluid. First invented by Wallace H. Coulter in 1953, the RPS technique is the basic principle behind the Coulter Principle, which is a trademark term... | Resistive pulse sensing | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 1,273 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Microfluidics",
"Cell culture techniques",
"Microtechnology"
] |
56,748,043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSimGrid | BioSimGrid was a project to make data sets from computer simulations in the field of modelling biological systems, particularly biomolecular structures, more accessible to researchers. The project began in 2004 and halted by 2009.
In 2004 designers presented the concept of the project as a "protein data bank extended ... | BioSimGrid | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 154 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Biological engineering"
] |
56,750,253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayaatun%20Sillem | Dr. Hayaatun Sillem (née Is’harc) is the chief executive officer (CEO) of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Education
Sillem grew up in South Africa. She attended Godolphin and Latymer School. She earned a master's degree in biochemistry from the University of Oxford in 1998. She completed a PhD funded by Cancer Res... | Hayaatun Sillem | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 645 | [
"Institution of Engineering and Technology",
"Biochemists",
"Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology",
"Women biochemists"
] |
56,753,159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%201%2C3-dithiole-2-thione-4%2C5-dithiolate | Sodium 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate is the organosulfur compound with the formula Na2C3S5, abbreviated Na2dmit. It is the sodium salt of the conjugate base of the 4,5-bis(sulfanyl)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione. The salt is a precursor to dithiolene complexes and tetrathiafulvalenes.
Reduction of carbon disulfide wi... | Sodium 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 432 | [
"Thiolates",
"Functional groups"
] |
56,754,296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuglede%27s%20conjecture | Fuglede's conjecture is an open problem in mathematics proposed by Bent Fuglede in 1974. It states that every domain of (i.e. subset of with positive finite Lebesgue measure) is a spectral set if and only if it tiles by translation.
Spectral sets and translational tiles
Spectral sets in
A set with positive fi... | Fuglede's conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 342 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Conjectures"
] |
56,755,814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulpecula%20in%20Chinese%20astronomy | The modern constellation Vulpecula lies across one of the quadrants symbolized by the Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ), and Three Enclosures (三垣, Sān Yuán), that divide the sky in traditional Chinese uranography.
The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 狐狸座 (hú li zuò), meaning "t... | Vulpecula in Chinese astronomy | [
"Astronomy"
] | 181 | [
"Astronomy in China",
"Vulpecula",
"Constellations",
"History of astronomy"
] |
55,328,384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite-order%20hexagonal%20tiling | In 2-dimensional hyperbolic geometry, the infinite-order hexagonal tiling is a regular tiling. It has Schläfli symbol of {6,∞}. All vertices are ideal, located at "infinity", seen on the boundary of the Poincaré hyperbolic disk projection.
Symmetry
There is a half symmetry form, , seen with alternating colors:
Relat... | Infinite-order hexagonal tiling | [
"Physics"
] | 168 | [
"Isogonal tilings",
"Tessellation",
"Hyperbolic tilings",
"Isohedral tilings",
"Symmetry"
] |
55,330,205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper%20generalized%20decomposition | The proper generalized decomposition (PGD) is an iterative numerical method for solving boundary value problems (BVPs), that is, partial differential equations constrained by a set of boundary conditions, such as the Poisson's equation or the Laplace's equation.
The PGD algorithm computes an approximation of the solut... | Proper generalized decomposition | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,407 | [
"Mathematical modeling",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations"
] |
53,823,632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20sewer | A gravity sewer is a conduit utilizing the energy resulting from a difference in elevation to remove unwanted water. The term sewer implies removal of sewage or surface runoff rather than water intended for use; and the term gravity excludes water movement induced through force mains or vacuum sewers. Most sewers are g... | Gravity sewer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 808 | [
"Hydrology",
"Water treatment",
"Sewerage infrastructure",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
53,827,714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20germline%20engineering | Human germline engineering (HGE) is the process by which the genome of an individual is modified in such a way that the change is heritable. This is achieved by altering the genes of the germ cells, which mature into eggs and sperm. For safety, ethical, and social reasons, the scientific community and the public have c... | Human germline engineering | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 4,043 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biotechnology by country",
"Genome editing",
"Genetic engineering",
"Biotechnology in China"
] |
53,834,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organotantalum%20chemistry | Organotantalum chemistry is the chemistry of chemical compounds containing a carbon-to-tantalum chemical bond. A wide variety of compound have been reported, initially with cyclopentadienyl and CO ligands. Oxidation states vary from Ta(V) to Ta(-I).
Classes of organotantalum compounds
Alkyl and aryl complexes
Pentam... | Organotantalum chemistry | [
"Chemistry"
] | 836 | [
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
53,835,236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krische%20allylation | The Krische allylation involves the enantioselective iridium-catalyzed addition of an allyl group to an aldehyde or an alcohol, resulting in the formation of a secondary homoallylic alcohol. The mechanism of the Krische allylation involves primary alcohol dehydrogenation or, when using aldehyde reactants, hydrogen tran... | Krische allylation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,290 | [
"Catalysis",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Organometallic chemistry",
"Organic reactions"
] |
40,882,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propidium%20monoazide | Propidium monoazide (PMA) is a photoreactive DNA-binding dye that preferentially binds to dsDNA. It is used to detect viable microorganisms by qPCR. Visible light (high power halogen lamps or specific LED devices) induces a photoreaction of the chemical that will lead to a covalent bond with PMA and the dsDNA. The mech... | Propidium monoazide | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 368 | [
"Biochemistry",
"DNA-binding substances",
"Genetics techniques",
"Molecular biology"
] |
40,887,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20phosphorus%20removal | Chemical phosphorus removal is a wastewater treatment method, where phosphorus is removed using salts of aluminum (e.g. alum or polyaluminum chloride), iron (e.g. ferric chloride), or calcium (e.g. lime). Phosphate forms precipitates with the metal ions and is removed together with the sludge in the separation unit (se... | Chemical phosphorus removal | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,376 | [
"Water treatment",
"Water pollution",
"Water technology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
46,919,484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoidal%20category%20action | In algebra, an action of a monoidal category S on a category X is a functor
such that there are natural isomorphisms and and those natural isomorphism satisfy the coherence conditions analogous to those in S. If there is such an action, S is said to act on X.
For example, S acts on itself via the monoid operation ⊗... | Monoidal category action | [
"Mathematics"
] | 83 | [
"Algebra stubs",
"Mathematical structures",
"Functions and mappings",
"Monoidal categories",
"Mathematical objects",
"Category theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Functors",
"Algebra"
] |
46,919,643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform%20tiling%20symmetry%20mutations | In geometry, a symmetry mutation is a mapping of fundamental domains between two symmetry groups. They are compactly expressed in orbifold notation. These mutations can occur from spherical tilings to Euclidean tilings to hyperbolic tilings. Hyperbolic tilings can also be divided between compact, paracompact and diverg... | Uniform tiling symmetry mutations | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 317 | [
"Tessellation",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Hyperbolic tilings",
"Euclidean tilings",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Symmetry"
] |
46,922,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESITH | The School of Textile and Clothing industries (ESITH) is a Moroccan engineering school, established in 1996, that focuses on textiles and clothing. It was created in collaboration with ENSAIT and ENSISA, as a result of a public private partnership designed to grow a key sector in the Moroccan economy. The partnership w... | ESITH | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 160 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Textile engineering"
] |
46,923,835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20discharge%20monitoring%20equipment | Oil discharge monitoring equipment (ODME) is based on a measurement of oil content in the ballast and slop water, to measure conformance with regulations. The apparatus is equipped with a GPS, data recording functionality, an oil content meter and a flow meter. By use of data interpretation, a computing unit will be ... | Oil discharge monitoring equipment | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 449 | [
"Ocean pollution",
"Water treatment",
"Water pollution",
"Environmental engineering",
"Waste treatment technology"
] |
46,926,261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Doppler%20cooling | Sub-Doppler cooling is a class of laser cooling techniques that reduce the temperature of atoms and molecules below the Doppler cooling limit. In experiment implementation, Doppler cooling is limited by the broad natural linewidth of the lasers used in cooling. Regardless of the transition used, however, Doppler cooli... | Sub-Doppler cooling | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,120 | [
"Atomic",
" molecular",
" and optical physics"
] |
46,926,884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20feedback | Quantum feedback or quantum feedback control is a class of methods to prepare and manipulate a quantum system in which that system's quantum state or trajectory is used to evolve the system towards some desired outcome. Just as in the classical case, feedback occurs when outputs from the system are used as inputs that ... | Quantum feedback | [
"Physics"
] | 327 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
46,927,724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-adic%20cohomology | In mathematics, p-adic cohomology means a cohomology theory for varieties of characteristic p whose values are modules over a ring of p-adic integers. Examples (in roughly historical order) include:
Serre's Witt vector cohomology
Monsky–Washnitzer cohomology
Infinitesimal cohomology
Crystalline cohomology
Rigid c... | P-adic cohomology | [
"Mathematics"
] | 114 | [
"Arithmetic geometry",
"Number theory"
] |
50,991,882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20point%20method | The finite point method (FPM) is a meshfree method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on scattered distributions of points. The FPM was proposed in the mid-nineties in (Oñate, Idelsohn, Zienkiewicz & Taylor, 1996a), (Oñate, Idelsohn, Zienkiewicz, Taylor & Sacco, 1996b) and (Oñate & Idelsohn, 1998a) with ... | Finite point method | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,376 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Civil engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Fluid mechanics"
] |
39,555,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse%20derivative | In mathematics, the Hasse derivative is a generalisation of the derivative which allows the formulation of Taylor's theorem in coordinate rings of algebraic varieties.
Definition
Let k[X] be a polynomial ring over a field k. The r-th Hasse derivative of Xn is
if n ≥ r and zero otherwise. In characteristic zero we h... | Hasse derivative | [
"Mathematics"
] | 160 | [
"Differential algebra",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebra stubs",
"Algebra"
] |
39,555,966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barban%E2%80%93Davenport%E2%80%93Halberstam%20theorem | In mathematics, the Barban–Davenport–Halberstam theorem is a statement about the distribution of prime numbers in an arithmetic progression. It is known that in the long run primes are distributed equally across possible progressions with the same difference. Theorems of the Barban–Davenport–Halberstam type give esti... | Barban–Davenport–Halberstam theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 222 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Theorems in analytic number theory"
] |
57,205,820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters%20four-step%20chemistry | Peters four-step chemistry is a systematically reduced mechanism for methane combustion, named after Norbert Peters, who derived it in 1985. The mechanism reads as
The mechanism predicted four different regimes where each reaction takes place. The third reaction, known as radical consumption layer, where most of the h... | Peters four-step chemistry | [
"Chemistry"
] | 187 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Methane",
"Combustion",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"nan",
"Greenhouse gases",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
57,206,613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20optimization%20of%20electric%20conductors | Economic optimization of electric conductors (also known as economic cable sizing - ECS) is the process of selecting cable based on both safety and economic analysis.
The objective of ECS is to minimise lifetime costs of cables and to reduce emissions due to loses in cables.
Cable selection criteria
Four criteria are... | Economic optimization of electric conductors | [
"Physics"
] | 391 | [
"Materials",
"Electrical conductors",
"Matter"
] |
45,609,427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuprl | Nuprl is a proof development system, providing computer-mediated analysis and proofs of formal mathematical statements, and tools for software verification and optimization. Originally developed in the 1980s by Robert Lee Constable and others, the system is now maintained by the PRL Project at Cornell University. The... | Nuprl | [
"Mathematics"
] | 510 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Computational mathematics",
"Automated theorem proving"
] |
49,982,814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short%20interspersed%20nuclear%20element | Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are non-autonomous, non-coding transposable elements (TEs) that are about 100 to 700 base pairs in length. They are a class of retrotransposons, DNA elements that amplify themselves throughout eukaryotic genomes, often through RNA intermediates. SINEs compose about 13% of the... | Short interspersed nuclear element | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,784 | [
"Mobile genetic elements",
"Molecular genetics",
"Repetitive DNA sequences",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
49,987,118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BP%20holin%20family | The β-proteobacterial holin (BP-Hol) family (TC# 1.E.50) is a small family that includes members derived from a number of Burkholderia phage as well as a Poloromonas species. As of April 3, 2016, this family belongs to the Holin superfamily II. Members of Saier Bioinformatics Lab at University of California, San Diego ... | BP holin family | [
"Biology"
] | 636 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification",
"Membrane proteins"
] |
49,987,239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LP%20holin%20family | The Putative Listeria Phage Holin (LP-Hol) Family (TC# 1.E.51) consists of several small proteins of 41 amino acyl residues (aas) and 1 transmembrane segment (TMS). They can be found in several Listeria phage as well as in Listeria monocytogenes. While annotated as holins, these proteins remain functionally uncharacter... | LP holin family | [
"Biology"
] | 416 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification",
"Membrane proteins"
] |
49,987,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%20stitching | Metal stitching is an industrial technique for repairing cracked and broken cast iron, steel, bronze or aluminium structures and their components. The process is carried out cold, without welding. It allows the repair of cast iron and cast steel, often in-situ, without the distortion from welding, and can be used in ot... | Metal stitching | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,274 | [
"Mechanical fasteners",
"Maintenance",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
49,988,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel%20itinerary | A travel itinerary is a schedule of events relating to planned travel, generally including destinations to be visited at specified times and means of transportation to move between those destinations. For example, both the plan of a business trip and the route of a road trip, or the proposed outline of one, are travel ... | Travel itinerary | [
"Physics"
] | 377 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Travel"
] |
49,991,314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine-rich%20repeats%20and%20iq%20motif%20containing%201 | Leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRIQ1 gene.
The protein is likely a nuclear encoding mitochondrial protein and is found in all Metazoans.
Gene
LRRIQ1 is mapped on chromosome 12, at 12q21.31in humans. LRRIQ1 is near ALX1 on the positive strand, and TSPAN19... | Leucine-rich repeats and iq motif containing 1 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 839 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
32,511,431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic%20inductance%20detector | The kinetic inductance detector (KID) — also known as a microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) — is a type of superconducting photon detector capable of counting single photons whilst simultaneously measuring their energy and arrival time to high precision. They were first developed by scientists at the Californi... | Kinetic inductance detector | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 484 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Superconductivity",
"Particle detectors",
"Measuring instruments",
"Sensors",
"Superconducting detectors",
"Radiometry"
] |
32,512,530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe%20thunderstorm%20outbreak | A severe thunderstorm outbreak, also called a severe weather outbreak or simply a severe outbreak, is an event in which a weather system or combination of weather systems produces a multitude of severe thunderstorms in a region over a continuous span of time. A severe outbreak which is most notable for its tornadoes is... | Severe thunderstorm outbreak | [
"Physics"
] | 444 | [
"Weather",
"Physical phenomena",
"Weather hazards"
] |
32,513,367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris%28dimethylamino%29aluminium%20dimer | Tris(dimethylamino)aluminium dimer, formally bis(μ-dimethylamino)tetrakis(dimethylamino)dialuminium, is an amide complex of aluminium. This compound may be used as a precursor to other aluminium complexes.
Commercially available, this compound may be prepared from lithium dimethylamide and aluminium trichloride.
Refe... | Tris(dimethylamino)aluminium dimer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 90 | [
"Metal amides",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Dimers (chemistry)",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Organic chemistry stubs"
] |
52,445,083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond%20battery | Diamond battery is the name of a nuclear battery concept proposed by the University of Bristol Cabot Institute during its annual lecture held on 25 November 2016 at the Wills Memorial Building. This battery is proposed to run on the radioactivity of waste graphite blocks (previously used as neutron moderator material i... | Diamond battery | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,272 | [
"Nuclear technology",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
52,457,311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouligand%20structure | A Bouligand structure is a layered and rotated microstructure resembling plywood, which is frequently found in naturally evolved materials. It consists of multiple lamellae, or layers, each one composed of aligned fibers. Adjacent lamellae are progressively rotated with respect to their neighbors. This structure enhan... | Bouligand structure | [
"Physics"
] | 3,958 | [
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
43,751,582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent%20input | Equivalent input (also input-referred, referred-to-input (RTI), or input-related), is a method of referring to the signal or noise level at the output of a system as if it were due to an input to the same system. This input's value is called the Equivalent input. This is accomplished by removing all signal changes (e.g... | Equivalent input | [
"Physics"
] | 326 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
43,752,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%27s%20method | In orbital mechanics (a subfield of celestial mechanics), Gauss's method is used for preliminary orbit determination from at least three observations (more observations increases the accuracy of the determined orbit) of the orbiting body of interest at three different times. The required information are the times of ob... | Gauss's method | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 1,492 | [
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Astrodynamics",
"Equations of astronomy"
] |
43,758,806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus%20Crystal | Gus Crystal () is a Russian manufacturer of glass (Lead glass or so-called "crystal"). The company is the oldest surviving manufacturer of Russian crystal and was founded in 1756 on the Gus River. The company gave its name to the town of Gus-Khrustalny and its district. Founded by Akim Maltsov, а merchant from Oryol re... | Gus Crystal | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 673 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glassmaking companies",
"Engineering companies"
] |
48,614,086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calming%20signals | Calming signals is a term conceived by Norwegian dog trainer and canine ethologist, Turid Rugaas, to describe the patterns of behavior used by dogs interacting with each other in environments that cause heightened stress and when conveying their desires or intentions. The term has been used interchangeably with "appeas... | Calming signals | [
"Biology"
] | 1,490 | [
"Behavioural sciences",
"Ethology",
"Behavior"
] |
48,614,306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Network%20Management%20Centre | The National Network Management Centre is the main national network operations centre of BT Group, situated in Shropshire.
History
BT moved to the countryside site in the 1980s. The NMC is also known as the Customer Experience and Management Centre, the International Network Management Centre (INMC), or the National C... | National Network Management Centre | [
"Engineering"
] | 554 | [
"Computer networks engineering",
"Network management"
] |
36,698,220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C19H24N2O3 | The molecular formula C19H24N2O3 (molar mass: 328.4 g/mol, exact mass: 328.1787 u) may refer to:
Labetalol
Omzotirome
TRC-150094
Molecular formulas | C19H24N2O3 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 55 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
36,699,162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Algebra%20System | Cambridge Algebra System (CAMAL) is a computer algebra system written in Cambridge University by David Barton, Steve Bourne, and John Fitch. It was initially used for computations in celestial mechanics and general relativity. The foundation code was written in Titan computer assembler. In 1973, when Titan was replace... | Cambridge Algebra System | [
"Mathematics"
] | 105 | [
"Computer algebra systems",
"Mathematical software"
] |
36,699,980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobolev%20spaces%20for%20planar%20domains | In mathematics, Sobolev spaces for planar domains are one of the principal techniques used in the theory of partial differential equations for solving the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems for the Laplacian in a bounded domain in the plane with smooth boundary. The methods use the theory of bounded operator... | Sobolev spaces for planar domains | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,304 | [
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
36,700,195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake%20weather | Earthquake weather is a type of weather popularly believed to precede earthquakes.
History
Since ancient times, the notion that weather can somehow foreshadow coming seismic activity has been the topic of much discussion and debate. Geologist Russell Robinson has described "earthquake weather" as one of the most comm... | Earthquake weather | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 820 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Weather lore",
"Weather",
"Anomalous weather",
"Earthquake and seismic risk mitigation"
] |
36,701,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20vehicle | A modular vehicle is one in which substantial components of the vehicle are interchangeable. This modularity is intended to make repairs and maintenance easier, or to allow the vehicle to be reconfigured to suit different functions.
Another application of modular vehicle design is to enable the exchange of batteries i... | Modular vehicle | [
"Engineering"
] | 577 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Automotive engineering",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline",
"Design",
"Modular design"
] |
36,703,918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantelli%27s%20inequality | In probability theory, Cantelli's inequality (also called the Chebyshev-Cantelli inequality and the one-sided Chebyshev inequality) is an improved version of Chebyshev's inequality for one-sided tail bounds. The inequality states that, for
where
is a real-valued random variable,
is the probability measure,
is ... | Cantelli's inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 390 | [
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Probabilistic inequalities",
"Inequalities (mathematics)"
] |
34,121,965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freudenthal%20spectral%20theorem | In mathematics, the Freudenthal spectral theorem is a result in Riesz space theory proved by Hans Freudenthal in 1936. It roughly states that any element dominated by a positive element in a Riesz space with the principal projection property can in a sense be approximated uniformly by simple functions.
Numerous well... | Freudenthal spectral theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 435 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in functional analysis"
] |
34,122,362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluence%20response | Both fluence rates and irradiance of light are important signals for plants and are detected by phytochrome. Exploiting different modes of photoreversibility in this molecule allow plants to respond to different levels of light. There are three main types of fluence rate governed responses that are brought about by dif... | Fluence response | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 513 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Photosynthesis",
"Biochemistry",
"Physical properties",
"Radiometry"
] |
34,128,384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellcome%20Centre%20for%20Human%20Genetics | The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics is a human genetics research centre of the Nuffield Department of Medicine in the Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, funded by the Wellcome Trust among others.
Facilities & resources
The centre is located at the Henry Wellcome Building of Genomic Medicine, which co... | Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics | [
"Biology"
] | 403 | [
"Biotechnology in the United Kingdom",
"Biotechnology by country"
] |
34,130,293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thompson%20sampling | Thompson sampling, named after William R. Thompson, is a heuristic for choosing actions that address the exploration-exploitation dilemma in the multi-armed bandit problem. It consists of choosing the action that maximizes the expected reward with respect to a randomly drawn belief.
Description
Consider a set of con... | Thompson sampling | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,007 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Software engineering"
] |
34,136,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C11H11Cl2N3O | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C11H11Cl2N3O}}
The molecular formula C11H11Cl2N3O (molar mass: 272.131 g/mol, exact mass: 271.0279 u) may refer to:
Muzolimine
WAY-161503
Molecular formulas | C11H11Cl2N3O | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 69 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
38,106,226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesamorelin | Tesamorelin (INN) (trade name Egrifta SV) is a synthetic form of growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) which is used in the treatment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy, approved initially in 2010. It is produced and developed by Theratechnologies, Inc. of Canada. The drug is a synthetic peptide consisting of all 44 ami... | Tesamorelin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 437 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Biotechnology products",
"Recombinant proteins",
"Molecular biology",
"Peptides"
] |
38,112,103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%20Orionis | 11 Orionis is a solitary Ap star in the equatorial constellation of Orion, near the border with Taurus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.65, and it is located approximately 365 light years away from the Sun based on parallax. The star is moving further from the Sun with a heliocentr... | 11 Orionis | [
"Astronomy"
] | 203 | [
"Constellations",
"Orion (constellation)"
] |
55,336,593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles%20of%20Quantum%20Mechanics | Principles of Quantum Mechanics is a textbook by Ramamurti Shankar. The book has been through two editions. It is used in many college courses around the world.
Contents
Mathematical Introduction
Review of Classical Mechanics
All Is Not Well with Classical Mechanics
The Postulates – a General Discussion
Simple Pr... | Principles of Quantum Mechanics | [
"Physics"
] | 266 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Works about quantum mechanics"
] |
56,767,513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zariski%27s%20finiteness%20theorem | In algebra, Zariski's finiteness theorem gives a positive answer to Hilbert's 14th problem for the polynomial ring in two variables, as a special case. Precisely, it states:
Given a normal domain A, finitely generated as an algebra over a field k, if L is a subfield of the field of fractions of A containing k such that... | Zariski's finiteness theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 101 | [
"Symmetry",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Group actions",
"Theorems in algebra",
"Commutative algebra",
"Hilbert's problems",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Invariant theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Algebra"
] |
60,170,617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby%20pressure%20scale | The ruby fluorescence pressure scale is an optical method to measure pressure within a sample chamber of a diamond anvil cell apparatus. Since it is an optical method, which fully make use of the transparency of diamond anvils and only requires an access to a small scale laser generator, it has become the most prevalen... | Ruby pressure scale | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 352 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
"High pressure science",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
60,173,605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COMOS | COMOS is a plant engineering software from Siemens. The applications for this software are in the process industries for the engineering, operation, and maintenance of process plants as well as their asset management.
History
The COMOS (acronym for Component Object Server) software system was originally developed and... | COMOS | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 792 | [
"Process engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping"
] |
45,625,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian%20crewed%20spacecraft | The Iranian crewed spacecraft is a proposal by the Iranian Space Agency and Iranian Aerospace Research Institute of the Iranian Space Research Center (ISRC) to put an astronaut into space.
Iran expressed for the first time its intention to send a human to space during the summit of Soviet and Iranian Presidents in 199... | Iranian crewed spacecraft | [
"Engineering"
] | 629 | [
"Space programs",
"Human spaceflight programs"
] |
45,626,191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neville%20theta%20functions | In mathematics, the Neville theta functions, named after Eric Harold Neville, are defined as follows:
where: K(m) is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind, , and is the elliptic nome.
Note that the functions θp(z,m) are sometimes defined in terms of the nome q(m) and written θp(z,q) (e.g. NI... | Neville theta functions | [
"Mathematics"
] | 188 | [
"Special functions",
"Combinatorics"
] |
45,626,463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelnuovo%27s%20contraction%20theorem | In mathematics, Castelnuovo's contraction theorem is used in the classification theory of algebraic surfaces to construct the minimal model of a given smooth algebraic surface.
More precisely, let be a smooth projective surface over and a (−1)-curve on (which means a smooth rational curve of self-intersection num... | Castelnuovo's contraction theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 157 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
45,627,703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native-language%20identification | Native-language identification (NLI) is the task of determining an author's native language (L1) based only on their writings in a second language (L2). NLI works through identifying language-usage patterns that are common to specific L1 groups and then applying this knowledge to predict the native language of previous... | Native-language identification | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 603 | [
"Machine learning",
"Computational linguistics",
"Natural language processing",
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Natural language and computing"
] |
45,630,591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Radio%20Corporation | The International Radio Corporation (IRC) was an American radio receiver manufacturing company based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It was established in 1931 by Charles Albert Verschoor with financial backing from Ann Arbor mayor William E. Brown, Jr., and a group of local business leaders. IRC manufactured numerous differen... | International Radio Corporation | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,592 | [
"Radio electronics"
] |
45,630,784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacking%20fault | In crystallography, a stacking fault is a planar defect that can occur in crystalline materials. Crystalline materials form repeating patterns of layers of atoms. Errors can occur in the sequence of these layers and are known as stacking faults. Stacking faults are in a higher energy state which is quantified by the fo... | Stacking fault | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,445 | [
"Crystallographic defects",
"Crystallography",
"Materials degradation",
"Materials science"
] |
58,663,333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiocarbonyldiimidazole | 1,1'-Thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCDI) is a thiourea containing two imidazole rings. It is the sulfur analog of the peptide coupling reagent carbonyldiimidazole (CDI).
Synthesis
TCDI is commercially available but can also be prepared via the reaction of thiophosgene with two equivalents of imidazole.
Reactions
The imida... | Thiocarbonyldiimidazole | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 208 | [
"Reagents for biochemistry",
"Peptide coupling reagents",
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
58,663,416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroanatomy%20of%20handedness | An estimated 90% of the world's human population consider themselves to be right-handed. The human brain's control of motor function is a mirror image in terms of connectivity; the left hemisphere controls the right hand and vice versa. This theoretically means that the hemisphere contralateral to the dominant hand ten... | Neuroanatomy of handedness | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,448 | [
"Behavior",
"Motor skills",
"Motor control",
"Chirality",
"Asymmetry",
"Handedness",
"Symmetry"
] |
58,677,840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiteBIRD | LiteBIRD (Lite (Light) satellite for the studies of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection) is a planned small space observatory that aims to detect the footprint of the primordial gravitational wave on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in a form of polarization pattern called ... | LiteBIRD | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 601 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Space telescopes",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
51,000,464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnevsky%20liniment | Vishnevsky liniment or balsamic liniment (, ) is a topical medication which has been used to treat wounds, burns, skin ulcers and suppurations. Developed by Russian surgeon Alexander Vishnevsky in 1927, the liniment contains birch tar, xeroformium (bismuth tribromophenolate) and castor oil which have been broadly used ... | Vishnevsky liniment | [
"Chemistry"
] | 176 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug safety",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Abandoned drugs"
] |
51,001,398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20and%20Chemistry%20of%20Glasses | Physics and Chemistry of Glasses: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part B is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Society of Glass Technology. It was established in 2006, from the merger of the Society of Glass Technology's journal Physics and Chemistry of Glasses and the Deutsc... | Physics and Chemistry of Glasses | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 158 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
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