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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
40,922,108	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrochimica%20Acta%20Part%20B	Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering spectroscopy. The journal was established in 1939 as Spectrochimica Acta. In 1967, Spectrochimica Acta was split into two journals, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Spectrochimi...	Spectrochimica Acta Part B	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Astronomy" ]	191	[ "Spectroscopy stubs", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Astronomy stubs", "Spectroscopy journals", "Molecular physics stubs", "Spectroscopy", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
40,925,324	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20volume%20method%20for%20one-dimensional%20steady%20state%20diffusion	The Finite volume method in computational fluid dynamics is a discretization technique for partial differential equations that arise from physical conservation laws. These equations can be different in nature, e.g. elliptic, parabolic, or hyperbolic. The first well-documented use of this method was by Evans and Harlow...	Finite volume method for one-dimensional steady state diffusion	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,061	[ "Computational fluid dynamics", "Fluid dynamics", "Computational physics" ]
40,925,363	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus%20Biotech	The Campus Biotech is a Swiss institution hosting research institutes and biotechnology companies. The Campus Biotech is located in the former Merck Serono building, in Geneva (Switzerland). The Campus Biotech is a part of the Swiss Innovation Park. History End of June 2013, Merck Serono left its headquarters in Gen...	Campus Biotech	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	213	[ "Biotechnology in Switzerland", "Engineering research institutes", "Biotechnology by country" ]
50,036,569	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit%20Value%20Problem	The Circuit Value Problem (or Circuit Evaluation Problem) is the computational problem of computing the output of a given Boolean circuit on a given input. The problem is complete for P under uniform AC reductions. Note that, in terms of time complexity, it can be solved in linear time simply by a topological sort. T...	Circuit Value Problem	[ "Mathematics" ]	161	[ "Theoretical computer science", "Applied mathematics", "Computational problems", "Polynomial-time problems", "Mathematical problems" ]
50,037,064	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous%20silicon	Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is the non-crystalline form of silicon used for solar cells and thin-film transistors in LCDs. Used as semiconductor material for a-Si solar cells, or thin-film silicon solar cells, it is deposited in thin films onto a variety of flexible substrates, such as glass, metal and plastic. Amorphous...	Amorphous silicon	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	2,726	[ "Allotropes", "Thin-film cells", "Semiconductor materials", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Group IV semiconductors", "Allotropes of silicon", "Planes (geometry)", "Amorphous solids", "Thin films" ]
50,040,777	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20substructuring	Dynamic Substructuring (DS) is an engineering tool used to model and analyse the dynamics of mechanical systems by means of its components or substructures. Using the dynamic substructuring approach one is able to analyse the dynamic behaviour of substructures separately and to later on calculate the assembled dynamics...	Dynamic substructuring	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	4,330	[ "Structural engineering", "Physical phenomena", "Continuum mechanics", "Structural analysis", "Classical mechanics", "Motion (physics)", "Dynamics (mechanics)", "Mechanics", "Mechanical vibrations", "Aerospace engineering", "Mechanical engineering" ]
50,044,342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20transposon	DNA transposons are DNA sequences, sometimes referred to "jumping genes", that can move and integrate to different locations within the genome. They are class II transposable elements (TEs) that move through a DNA intermediate, as opposed to class I TEs, retrotransposons, that move through an RNA intermediate. DNA tran...	DNA transposon	[ "Biology" ]	2,752	[ "Molecular genetics", "Mobile genetic elements" ]
50,045,141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric%20distillation%20of%20crude%20oil	Refining of crude oils essentially consists of primary separation processes and secondary conversion processes. The petroleum refining process is the separation of the different hydrocarbons present in crude oil into useful fractions and the conversion of some of the hydrocarbons into products having higher quality per...	Atmospheric distillation of crude oil	[ "Chemistry" ]	819	[ "Distillation", "Separation processes" ]
50,045,170	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bel%27s%20sequence	In mathematics, a Göbel sequence is a sequence of rational numbers defined by the recurrence relation with starting value Göbel's sequence starts with 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 28, 154, 3520, 1551880, ... The first non-integral value is x43. History This sequence was developed by the German mathematician Fritz Göbel in...	Göbel's sequence	[ "Mathematics" ]	195	[ "Sequences and series", "Integer sequences", "Mathematical structures", "Recurrence relations", "Recreational mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Combinatorics", "Mathematical relations", "Numbers", "Number theory" ]
36,736,693	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinetti%20test	The Tinetti Test (TT), or Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), is a common clinical test for assessing a person's static and dynamic balance abilities. It is named after one of the inventors, Mary Tinetti. The test is in two short sections that contain one examining static balance abilities in a chair and ...	Tinetti test	[ "Physics" ]	168	[ "Biomechanics", "Mechanics" ]
36,737,310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C7H13NO2	{{DISPLAYTITLE:C7H13NO2}} The molecular formula C7H13NO2 (molar mass: 143.19 g/mol) may refer to: Dimethylaminoethyl_acrylate N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)_methacrylamide Stachydrine Molecular formulas	C7H13NO2	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	75	[ "Molecules", "Set index articles on molecular formulas", "Isomerism", "Molecular formulas", "Matter" ]
36,740,699	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position%20and%20momentum%20spaces	In physics and geometry, there are two closely related vector spaces, usually three-dimensional but in general of any finite dimension. Position space (also real space or coordinate space) is the set of all position vectors r in Euclidean space, and has dimensions of length; a position vector defines a point in space. ...	Position and momentum spaces	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,747	[ "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Momentum", "Moment (physics)" ]
36,740,877	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mislow%E2%80%93Evans%20rearrangement	The Mislow–Evans rearrangement is a name reaction in organic chemistry. It is named after Kurt Mislow who reported the prototypical reaction in 1966, and David A. Evans who published further developments. The reaction allows the formation of allylic alcohols from allylic sulfoxides in a 2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement. ...	Mislow–Evans rearrangement	[ "Chemistry" ]	313	[ "Name reactions", "Rearrangement reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
39,605,149	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-order%20system	In the fields of dynamical systems and control theory, a fractional-order system is a dynamical system that can be modeled by a fractional differential equation containing derivatives of non-integer order. Such systems are said to have fractional dynamics. Derivatives and integrals of fractional orders are used to desc...	Fractional-order system	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	812	[ "Mathematical modeling", "Calculus", "Applied mathematics", "Mechanics", "Fractional calculus", "Dynamical systems" ]
39,606,496	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulated%20Raman%20adiabatic%20passage	In quantum optics, stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a process that permits transfer of a population between two applicable quantum states via at least two coherent electromagnetic (light) pulses. These light pulses drive the transitions of the three level Ʌ atom or multilevel system. The process is a for...	Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	693	[ "Scattering stubs", "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Scattering", "Quantum physics stubs" ]
39,608,703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9H9NO4	{{DISPLAYTITLE:C9H9NO4}} The molecular formula C9H9NO4 (molar mass: 195.17 g/mol) may refer to: L-Dopaquinone, also known as o-dopaquinone Pencolide Salicyluric acid Molecular formulas	C9H9NO4	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	69	[ "Molecules", "Set index articles on molecular formulas", "Isomerism", "Molecular formulas", "Matter" ]
48,657,998	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littlewood%27s%204/3%20inequality	In mathematical analysis, Littlewood's 4/3 inequality, named after John Edensor Littlewood, is an inequality that holds for every complex-valued bilinear form defined on , the Banach space of scalar sequences that converge to zero. Precisely, let or be a bilinear form. Then the following holds: where The exponent...	Littlewood's 4/3 inequality	[ "Mathematics" ]	169	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical analysis stubs", "Binary relations", "Mathematical relations", "Inequalities (mathematics)", "Mathematical problems" ]
48,658,919	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrazinium	Hydrazinium is the cation with the formula . This cation has a methylamine-like structure (). It can be derived from hydrazine by protonation (treatment with a strong acid). Hydrazinium is a weak acid with pKa = 8.1. Salts of hydrazinium are common reagents in chemistry and are often used in certain industrial process...	Hydrazinium	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	240	[ "Matter", "Hydrazinium compounds", "Salts", "Cations", "Ions" ]
48,659,244	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20mud	Red mud, now more frequently termed bauxite residue, is an industrial waste generated during the processing of bauxite into alumina using the Bayer process. It is composed of various oxide compounds, including the iron oxides which give its red colour. Over 97% of the alumina produced globally is through the Bayer proc...	Red mud	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Environmental_science" ]	3,526	[ "Metallurgy", "Environmental chemistry", "Water pollution", "Materials", "Soil contamination", "Metallurgical by-products", "Waste", "Matter" ]
48,661,943	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth%20titanate	Bismuth titanate or bismuth titanium oxide is a solid inorganic compound of bismuth, titanium and oxygen with the chemical formula of Bi12TiO20, Bi 4Ti3O12 or Bi2Ti2O7. Synthesis Bismuth titanate ceramics can be produced by heating a mixture of bismuth and titanium oxides. Bi12TiO20 forms at 730–850 °C, and melts when...	Bismuth titanate	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	247	[ "Physical phenomena", "Ferroelectric materials", "Materials", "Electrical phenomena", "Ceramic materials", "Ceramic engineering", "Piezoelectric materials", "Hysteresis", "Matter" ]
48,665,701	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20McNally	Karen Cook McNally (1940 – December 20, 2014) was an American seismologist and earthquake risk expert. Personal life McNally was born in Clovis, California on January 26, 1940. She married at a young age and had two daughters, Kim Cook and Meredith Hurley; the couple divorced in 1966. She also had two siblings, a bro...	Karen McNally	[ "Engineering" ]	562	[ "Structural engineering", "Earthquake and seismic risk mitigation" ]
48,665,888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft%20%28mechanical%20engineering%29	In mechanical engineering, a shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to a machine which absorbs power. Types They are mainly classified into two types. Transmission shafts are used to trans...	Shaft (mechanical engineering)	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	339	[ "Machines", "Kinematics", "Physical phenomena", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Classical mechanics", "Physical systems", "Motion (physics)", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
42,370,172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20chemical%20shift%20re-referencing	Protein chemical shift re-referencing is a post-assignment process of adjusting the assigned NMR chemical shifts to match IUPAC and BMRB recommended standards in protein chemical shift referencing. In NMR chemical shifts are normally referenced to an internal standard that is dissolved in the NMR sample. These intern...	Protein chemical shift re-referencing	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,602	[ "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "Chemistry software", "Nuclear magnetic resonance software", "nan", "Nuclear physics" ]
42,375,327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born%E2%80%93Mayer%20equation	The Born–Mayer equation is an equation that is used to calculate the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound. It is a refinement of the Born–Landé equation by using an improved repulsion term. where: NA = Avogadro constant; M = Madelung constant, relating to the geometry of the crystal; z+ = charge number of c...	Born–Mayer equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	173	[ "Matter", "Equations of physics", "Eponymous equations of physics", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Ions", "Solid-state chemistry" ]
42,381,107	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SensoMotoric%20Instruments	SensoMotoric Instruments (SMI) was a German provider of dedicated computer vision applications with a major focus on eye-tracking technology. SMI was founded in 1991 as a spin-off from academic and medical research at the Free University of Berlin. The company has its headquarters in Teltow near Berlin, Germany, office...	SensoMotoric Instruments	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	984	[ "Physiological instruments", "Measuring instruments" ]
42,381,647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial%20concatenated%20convolutional%20codes	Serial concatenated convolutional codes (SCCC) are a class of forward error correction (FEC) codes highly suitable for turbo (iterative) decoding. Data to be transmitted over a noisy channel may first be encoded using an SCCC. Upon reception, the coding may be used to remove any errors introduced during transmission....	Serial concatenated convolutional codes	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,167	[ "Information technology", "Error detection and correction", "Data", "Reliability engineering" ]
42,382,175	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxycarteolol	Hydroxycarteolol is a beta blocker and metabolite of carteolol. References Beta blockers 4-Quinolones Human drug metabolites Quinolinols Secondary alcohols Tert-butyl compounds	Hydroxycarteolol	[ "Chemistry" ]	51	[ "Chemicals in medicine", "Human drug metabolites" ]
42,382,635	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28523671%29%202013%20FZ27	(provisional designation ) is a trans-Neptunian object located in the Kuiper belt in the outermost region of the Solar System, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 16 March 2013, by American astronomers Scott Sheppard and Chad Trujillo at the CTIO in Chile. Numbered in 2018, this minor planet has not been n...	(523671) 2013 FZ27	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	640	[ "Concepts in astronomy", "Unsolved problems in astronomy", "Possible dwarf planets" ]
34,177,870	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure%20shear	In mechanics and geology, pure shear is a three-dimensional homogeneous flattening of a body. It is an example of irrotational strain in which body is elongated in one direction while being shortened perpendicularly. For soft materials, such as rubber, a strain state of pure shear is often used for characterizing hyper...	Pure shear	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	174	[ "Continuum mechanics", "Classical mechanics stubs", "Classical mechanics", "Civil engineering", "Fluid mechanics" ]
34,180,476	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy%20Operational%20Global%20Atmospheric%20Prediction%20System%20Model	Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System Model (NOGAPS) is a global numerical weather prediction computer model run by Fleet Numerical. This mathematical model is run four times a day and produces weather forecasts. Along with the ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS), the Canadian Global Environmental...	Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System Model	[ "Physics" ]	101	[ "Weather", "Weather prediction", "Physical phenomena" ]
34,180,753	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-mass%20system	In mechanics, a variable-mass system is a collection of matter whose mass varies with time. It can be confusing to try to apply Newton's second law of motion directly to such a system. Instead, the time dependence of the mass m can be calculated by rearranging Newton's second law and adding a term to account for the mo...	Variable-mass system	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	948	[ "Mechanics", "Classical mechanics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
34,183,088	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEA%20Native%20Peptide%20Ligation	Protein chemical synthesis by native peptide ligation of unprotected peptide segments is an interesting complement and potential alternative to the use of living systems for producing proteins. The synthesis of proteins requires efficient native peptide ligation methods, which enable the chemoselective formation of a n...	SEA Native Peptide Ligation	[ "Chemistry" ]	719	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Peptides", "nan", "Molecular biology" ]
32,561,097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20H.%20Brunner	Paul H. Brunner (* 1946) is a material flow analysis methodology and urban metabolism specialist. He is a professor emeritus of the Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna University of Technology in Austria. Biography Dr. Brunner held the Chair for Waste Management at the Vienna University ...	Paul H. Brunner	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	314	[ "Industrial ecology", "Industrial engineering", "Environmental engineering" ]
32,561,211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirohaem%20synthase	In molecular biology, sirohaem synthase (or siroheme synthase) (CysG) is a multi-functional enzyme with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent bismethyltransferase, dehydrogenase and ferrochelatase activities. Bacterial sulphur metabolism depends on the iron-containing porphinoid sirohaem. CysG synthesizes sirohaem fr...	Sirohaem synthase	[ "Biology" ]	261	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
56,803,181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cullen%20%28chemical%20engineer%29	Sir Edward John Cullen FEng PhD DSc (29 October 1926 – 14 January 2018) was a British chemical engineer who was head of the UK Health and Safety Commission and received a knighthood for services to health and safety. Life and education Cullen was born in October 1926 in Bury St Edmonds and attended Culford School. Af...	John Cullen (chemical engineer)	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	506	[ "Chemical process engineering", "Safety engineering", "Process safety" ]
56,803,430	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapour-phase-mediated%20antimicrobial%20activity	The vapour-phase-mediated antimicrobial activity (VMAA) is the inhibitory or cidal antimicrobial activity of a molecule in a liquid culture, following its initial evaporation and migration via the vapour-phase Two new in vitro assays i.e. the vapour-phase-mediated patch assay and the vapour-phase-mediated susceptibilit...	Vapour-phase-mediated antimicrobial activity	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	244	[ "Biochemistry", "Biocides", "Antimicrobials", "nan" ]
56,807,980	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisburg%20incinerator	The Harrisburg Incinerator, now under private operation as Susquehanna Resource Management Complex (SRMC), is a waste-to-energy incinerator in South Harrisburg, Pennsylvania built and operated by the city from 1972 to 2003, which was an ongoing source of contention due to toxic air emissions and unforeseen costs which ...	Harrisburg incinerator	[ "Chemistry" ]	717	[ "Incinerators", "Incineration" ]
53,877,635	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action%20potential%20pulse	An action potential pulse is a mathematically and experimentally correct Synchronized Oscillating Lipid Pulse coupled with an Action Potential. This is a continuation of Hodgkin Huxley's work in 1952 with the inclusion of accurately modelling ion channel proteins, including their dynamics and speed of activation. The ...	Action potential pulse	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	672	[ "Physical quantities", "Plants", "Physiology", "Membrane biology", "Plant intelligence", "Capacitors", "Electrochemistry", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Capacitance" ]
53,881,364	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20operating%20characteristic	The total operating characteristic (TOC) is a statistical method to compare a Boolean variable versus a rank variable. TOC can measure the ability of an index variable to diagnose either presence or absence of a characteristic. The diagnosis of presence or absence depends on whether the value of the index is above a th...	Total operating characteristic	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,491	[ "Boolean algebra", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Mathematical logic" ]
53,882,691	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-finger%20protein	Three-finger proteins or three-finger protein domains (3FP or TFPD) are a protein superfamily consisting of small, roughly 60-80 amino acid residue protein domains with a common tertiary structure: three beta strand loops extended from a hydrophobic core stabilized by disulfide bonds. The family is named for the outstr...	Three-finger protein	[ "Biology" ]	1,055	[ "Protein families", "Protein classification" ]
53,886,302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optomechatronics	In engineering, optomechatronics is a field that investigates the integration of optical components and technology into mechatronic systems. The optical components in these systems are used as sensors to measure mechanical quantities such as surface structure and orientation. Optical sensors are used in a feedback loo...	Optomechatronics	[ "Engineering" ]	132	[ "Electrical engineering", "Electromechanical engineering", "Mechanical engineering by discipline" ]
60,227,914	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfair	Atmosfair is an independent German non-profit organization which offers offsets for greenhouse gases emitted by aircraft, cruise ships, long-distance coaches, and events. The organization, founded in 2005, develops and finances small-scale energy efficiency and renewable energy projects in developing countries, which l...	Atmosfair	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,497	[ "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Travel", "Transport and the environment", "Physical systems", "Transport", "Greenhouse gases" ]
60,228,117	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS%20week%20number%20rollover	The GPS week number rollover is a phenomenon that happens every 1,024 weeks, which is about 19.6 years. The Global Positioning System (GPS) broadcasts a date, including a week number counter that is stored in only ten binary digits, whose range is therefore 0–1,023. After 1,023, an integer overflow causes the internal ...	GPS week number rollover	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	724	[ "Wireless locating", "Physical quantities", "Time", "Timekeeping", "Aircraft instruments", "Aerospace engineering", "Global Positioning System", "Spacetime" ]
60,232,351	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm%20%28virology%29	In virology, realm is the highest taxonomic rank established for viruses by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which oversees virus taxonomy. Six virus realms are recognized and united by specific highly conserved traits: Adnaviria, which contains archaeal filamentous viruses with A-form doubl...	Realm (virology)	[ "Biology" ]	3,323	[ "Virus taxonomy", "Viruses", "Taxonomy (biology)" ]
60,233,631	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium%20nitrate	Neodymium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is typically encountered as the hexahydrate, Nd(NO3)3·6H2O, which is more accurately formulated as [Nd(NO3)3(H2O)4].2H2O to reflect the crystal structure. It decomposes to NdONO3 at elevated temperature. It is used in the extraction and purification of ...	Neodymium nitrate	[ "Chemistry" ]	111	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Oxidizing agents", "Inorganic compound stubs", "Nitrates", "Salts" ]
60,234,530	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfinsen%20cage	In molecular biology, an Anfinsen cage is a model for protein folding used by some cells to improve the production speed and yield of accurate products. Space within a cell is generally limited, and a protein's folding process can be interrupted or modified if it wanders too close to outside forces while it is still in...	Anfinsen cage	[ "Chemistry" ]	193	[ "Molecular biology stubs", "Molecular biology" ]
60,235,013	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium%28III%29%20nitrate	Yttrium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt with the formula Y(NO3)3. The hexahydrate is the most common form commercially available. Preparation Yttrium(III) nitrate can be prepared by dissolving corresponding metal oxide in 6 mol/L nitric acid: Properties Yttrium(III) nitrate hexahydrate loses crystallize...	Yttrium(III) nitrate	[ "Chemistry" ]	233	[ "Oxidizing agents", "Nitrates", "Salts" ]
60,239,905	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niravoline	Niravoline is a chemical compound with the formula . It has diuretic and aquaretic effects and has been studied for its potential use for cerebral edema and cirrhosis. It exerts its pharmacological effect as a kappa opioid receptor agonist. References Abandoned drugs Diuretics Kappa-opioid receptor agonists 3-Nitro...	Niravoline	[ "Chemistry" ]	93	[ "Drug safety", "Organic compounds", "Organic compound stubs", "Abandoned drugs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
40,928,997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevis%20Bulmer	Sir Bevis Bulmer (1536–1615) was an English mining engineer during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. He has been called "one of the great speculators of that era". Many of the events in his career were recorded by Stephen Atkinson in The Discoveries and Historie of the Gold Mynes in Scotland, compiled in part from...	Bevis Bulmer	[ "Engineering" ]	2,410	[ "Mining engineering", "Mining engineers" ]
52,510,741	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone%20receptor%20C	The progesterone receptor C (PR-C) is one of three known isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR), the main biological target of the endogenous progestogen sex hormone progesterone. The other isoforms of the PR include the PR-A and PR-B. See also Membrane progesterone receptor References Intracellular receptors P...	Progesterone receptor C	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	87	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
43,794,088	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanene	Germanene is a material made up of a single layer of germanium atoms. The material is created in a process similar to that of silicene and graphene, in which high vacuum and high temperature are used to deposit a layer of germanium atoms on a substrate. High-quality thin films of germanene have revealed unusual two-dim...	Germanene	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	789	[ "Periodic table", "Properties of chemical elements", "Allotropes", "Semiconductor materials", "Group IV semiconductors", "Materials", "Matter" ]
43,799,748	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaicity	In crystallography, mosaicity is a measure of the spread of crystal plane orientations. A mosaic crystal is an idealized model of an imperfect crystal, imagined to consist of numerous small perfect crystals (crystallites) that are to some extent randomly misoriented. Empirically, mosaicities can be determined by measur...	Mosaicity	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	479	[ "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Materials science" ]
46,978,792	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosome%20repeat%20length	The nucleosome repeat length, (NRL) is the average distance between the centers of neighboring nucleosomes. NRL is an important physical chromatin property that determines its biological function. NRL can be determined genome-wide for the chromatin in a given cell type and state, or locally for a large enough genomic r...	Nucleosome repeat length	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	436	[ "Biochemistry", "Molecular genetics", "Molecular biology" ]
46,984,504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium%20ornatum	Penicillium ornatum is an anamorph species of the genus Penicillium. References Further reading ornatum Fungi described in 1968 Fungus species	Penicillium ornatum	[ "Biology" ]	36	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
46,986,874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest%20Thermostat	The Nest Thermostat is a smart thermostat developed by Google Nest and designed by Tony Fadell, Ben Filson, and Fred Bould. It is an electronic, programmable, and self-learning Wi-Fi-enabled thermostat that optimizes heating and cooling of homes and businesses to conserve energy. The Google Nest Learning Thermostat is...	Nest Thermostat	[ "Technology" ]	2,004	[ "Home automation", "Temperature control" ]
38,163,966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSP%20coupling	A DSP coupling is a self-sealing symmetrical coupling which is secured by inter-connecting two couplings together. It is closed by turning the locking ring on the triangular part of the opposed DSP coupling. Extra closure can be applied by locking the connection with couplings wrench. The DSP coupling locking princi...	DSP coupling	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	218	[ "Seals (mechanical)", "Mechanical fasteners", "Materials", "Mechanical engineering", "Matter" ]
38,166,590	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%20Atomic%20Energy%20Commission	The Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC; ) is the governmental authority responsible for the State of Israel's activities in the nuclear field. History The establishment of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission was announced on 13 June 1952 by Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. The prime minister appointed Professor Ern...	Israel Atomic Energy Commission	[ "Engineering" ]	220	[ "Governmental nuclear organizations", "Nuclear regulatory organizations", "Nuclear organizations" ]
38,169,758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunium%28VI%29%20fluoride	Neptunium(VI) fluoride (NpF6) is the highest fluoride of neptunium, it is also one of seventeen known binary hexafluorides. It is a volatile orange crystalline solid. It is relatively hard to handle, being very corrosive, volatile and radioactive. Neptunium hexafluoride is stable in dry air but reacts vigorously with w...	Neptunium(VI) fluoride	[ "Physics" ]	1,461	[ "Materials", "Nuclear materials", "Matter" ]
38,171,120	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium%20Energy%20Alliance	Thorium Energy Alliance (TEA) is a non-governmental, non-profit 501(c)3, educational organization based in the United States, which seeks to promote energy security of the world through the use of thorium as a fuel source. The potential for the use of thorium was studied extensively during the 1950s and 60s, and now wo...	Thorium Energy Alliance	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,929	[ "Nuclear energy", "Radioactivity", "Nuclear physics" ]
38,173,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HZE%20ion	HZE ions are the high-energy nuclei component of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) which have an electric charge of +3 or greater – that is, they must be the nuclei of elements heavier than hydrogen or helium. The abbreviation "HZE" comes from high (H), atomic number (Z), and energy (E). HZE ions include the nuclei of all ...	HZE ion	[ "Physics" ]	780	[ "Matter", "Physical phenomena", "Cosmic rays", "Astrophysics", "Radiation", "Particle physics", "Nuclear physics", "Atoms", "Subatomic particles" ]
38,174,746	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam%20and%20groove	A cam and groove coupling, also called a camlock fitting, is a form of hose coupling. This kind of coupling is popular because it is a simple and reliable means of connecting and disconnecting hoses quickly and without tools. Standards Traditionally manufactured to US Military Specification MIL-C-27487, this specific...	Cam and groove	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	881	[ "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
38,176,657	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic%20travelling%20wave	In mathematics, a periodic travelling wave (or wavetrain) is a periodic function of one-dimensional space that moves with constant speed. Consequently, it is a special type of spatiotemporal oscillation that is a periodic function of both space and time. Periodic travelling waves play a fundamental role in many mathem...	Periodic travelling wave	[ "Physics" ]	1,990	[ "Wave mechanics", "Waves", "Physical phenomena", "Classical mechanics" ]
50,048,068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation%20in%20manufacturing%20systems	Simulation in manufacturing systems is the use of software to make computer models of manufacturing systems, so to analyze them and thereby obtain important information. It has been syndicated as the second most popular management science among manufacturing managers. However, its use has been limited due to the comple...	Simulation in manufacturing systems	[ "Engineering" ]	879	[ "Manufacturing", "Mechanical engineering" ]
50,049,408	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interspecies%20hydrogen%20transfer	Interspecies hydrogen transfer (IHT) is a form of interspecies electron transfer. It is a syntrophic process by which H2 is transferred from one organism to another, particularly in the rumen and other anaerobic environments. IHT was discovered between Methanobacterium bryantii strain M.o.H and an "S" organism in 1967...	Interspecies hydrogen transfer	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	250	[ "Biochemistry", "nan" ]
50,056,542	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingham-Papanastasiou%20model	An important class of non-Newtonian fluids presents a yield stress limit which must be exceeded before significant deformation can occur – the so-called viscoplastic fluids or Bingham plastics. In order to model the stress-strain relation in these fluids, some fitting have been proposed such as the linear Bingham equat...	Bingham-Papanastasiou model	[ "Materials_science" ]	696	[ "Deformation (mechanics)", "Plasticity (physics)" ]
50,058,607	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling%20and%20simulation%20of%20batch%20distillation%20unit	Aspen Plus, Aspen HYSYS, ChemCad and MATLAB, PRO are the commonly used process simulators for modeling, simulation and optimization of a distillation process in the chemical industries. Distillation is the technique of preferential separation of the more volatile components from the less volatile ones in a feed followe...	Modeling and simulation of batch distillation unit	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,211	[ "Distillation", "Separation processes" ]
57,254,124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADCIRC	The ADCIRC model is a high-performance, cross-platform numerical ocean circulation model popular in simulating storm surge, tides, and coastal circulation problems. Originally developed by Drs. Rick Luettich and Joannes Westerink, the model is developed and maintained by a combination of academic, governmental, and cor...	ADCIRC	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	602	[ "Physical phenomena", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Water waves", "Computational fluid dynamics", "Applied mathematics", "Computational physics", "Computational science", "Waves", "Physical oceanography", "Fluid dynamics" ]
57,254,307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestressed%20concrete%20cylinder%20pipe	Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) is a common variety of large-diameter concrete pressure pipe used for transporting water and wastewater. PCCP is typical manufactured according to the American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard C304. PCCP is a composite structure that is composed of a concrete core, high...	Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	100	[ "Structural engineering", "Materials stubs", "Plumbing", "Construction", "Materials", "Structural engineering standards", "Matter" ]
57,255,362	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20boundary%20layer%20thickness%20and%20shape	This page describes some parameters used to characterize the properties of the thermal boundary layer formed by a heated (or cooled) fluid moving along a heated (or cooled) wall. In many ways, the thermal boundary layer description parallels the velocity (momentum) boundary layer description first conceptualized by Lu...	Thermal boundary layer thickness and shape	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,480	[ "Boundary layers", "Aerospace engineering", "Aerodynamics", "Fluid dynamics" ]
48,667,933	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20impact%20of%20Mardi%20Gras%20beads	When the parade season ended in 2014, the New Orleans city government spent $1.5 million to pick up about 1,500 tons of Mardi Gras-induced waste, consisting mostly of beads. This is a recurring problem every year for the city. In addition, the city must also deal with the environmental repercussions endured after Mardi...	Environmental impact of Mardi Gras beads	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	1,115	[ "Carcinogens", "Toxicology" ]
48,671,216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20isomers%20of%20tridecane	This is the list of the 802 isomers of tridecane, with their IUPAC names. Straight-chain Tridecane With dodecane backbone 2-Methyldodecane 3-Methyldodecane 4-Methyldodecane 5-Methyldodecane 6-Methyldodecane With undecane backbone Dimethyl 2,2-Dimethylundecane 2,3-Dimethylundecane 2,4-Dimethylundecane 2,5...	List of isomers of tridecane	[ "Chemistry" ]	13,117	[ "Hydrocarbons", "Stereochemistry", "Organic compounds", "Lists of isomers of alkanes", "Isomerism" ]
48,673,404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Lauvallieres	The , renamed Fort Lauvallière after 1919, is a military installation near Metz. It is part of the second fortified belt of forts of Metz. Historical context While it was German territory, Metz' garrison grew from 15,000-20,000 men when after the Franco-Prussian War to more than 25,000 at the start of World War I,...	Fort Lauvallieres	[ "Engineering" ]	651	[ "World War II defensive lines", "Fortification lines" ]
34,187,558	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating%20unbalance	Rotating unbalance is the uneven distribution of mass around an axis of rotation. A rotating mass, or rotor, is said to be out of balance when its center of mass (inertia axis) is out of alignment with the center of rotation (geometric axis). Unbalance causes a moment which gives the rotor a wobbling movement character...	Rotating unbalance	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	899	[ "Structural engineering", "Physical phenomena", "Classical mechanics", "Rotation", "Motion (physics)", "Mechanics", "Mechanical vibrations" ]
55,410,471	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR%20activation	CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) is a gene regulation technique that utilizes an engineered form of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to enhance the expression of specific genes without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Unlike traditional CRISPR-Cas9, which introduces double-strand breaks to edit genes, CRISPRa employs a modified,...	CRISPR activation	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	2,882	[ "Genetics techniques", "Biological engineering", "Genome editing", "Genetic engineering", "Molecular biology" ]
55,414,784	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4U%201543-475	4U 1543-475 is a recurrent X-ray transient located in the southern constellation Lupus, the wolf. IL Lupi is its variable star designation. It has an apparent magnitude that fluctuates between 14.6 and 16.7, making it readily visible in large telescopes but not to the naked eye. The object is located relatively far at...	4U 1543-475	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	213	[ "Black holes", "Stellar black holes", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Constellations", "Lupus (constellation)" ]
55,418,052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20API%20simulation%20tools	The tools listed here support emulating or simulating APIs and software systems. They are also called API mocking tools, service virtualization tools, over the wire test doubles and tools for stubbing and mocking HTTP(S) and other protocols. They enable component testing in isolation. In alphabetical order by name (cl...	Comparison of API simulation tools	[ "Technology" ]	88	[ "Software comparisons", "Computing comparisons" ]
39,619,984	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogel%20encapsulation%20of%20quantum%20dots	The behavior of quantum dots (QDs) in solution and their interaction with other surfaces is of great importance to biological and industrial applications, such as optical displays, animal tagging, anti-counterfeiting dyes and paints, chemical sensing, and fluorescent tagging. However, unmodified quantum dots tend to be...	Hydrogel encapsulation of quantum dots	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	2,066	[ "Condensed matter physics", "Surface science" ]
39,620,647	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20chemistry%20of%20paper	The surface chemistry of paper is responsible for many important paper properties, such as gloss, waterproofing, and printability. Many components are used in the paper-making process that affect the surface. Pigment and dispersion medium Coating components are subject to particle-particle, particle-solvent, and parti...	Surface chemistry of paper	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,463	[ "Condensed matter physics", "Surface science" ]
42,392,462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasles%27%20theorem%20%28kinematics%29	In kinematics, Chasles' theorem, or Mozzi–Chasles' theorem, says that the most general rigid body displacement can be produced by a screw displacement. A direct Euclidean isometry in three dimensions involves a translation and a rotation. The screw displacement representation of the isometry decomposes the translation ...	Chasles' theorem (kinematics)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	1,136	[ "Machines", "Kinematics", "Physical phenomena", "Mathematical theorems", "Euclidean solid geometry", "Classical mechanics", "Physical systems", "Motion (physics)", "Mechanics", "Space", "nan", "Spacetime", "Mathematical problems" ]
42,392,488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasles%27%20theorem%20%28gravity%29	In gravitation, Chasles' theorem says that the Newtonian gravitational attraction of a spherical shell, outside of that shell, is equivalent mathematically to the attraction of a point mass. The theorem is conventionally known as Newton's shell theorem, but is attributed to Michel Chasles (1793–1880) by Benjamin Peirce...	Chasles' theorem (gravity)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	457	[ "Mathematical theorems", "Equations of physics", "Theoretical physics", "Theorems in mathematical physics", "Theories of gravity", "Mathematical problems", "Physics theorems" ]
42,394,237	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20manure%20utilization%20system	IMUS (also known as integrated manure utilization system) is an anaerobic digestion technology that converts organic material into biogas that is used to produce electricity, heat and nutrients. The technology uses waste such as municipal waste, cow manure, sand laden feed lot waste, and food processing waste. The ...	Integrated manure utilization system	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	110	[ "Water technology", "Anaerobic digestion", "Environmental engineering" ]
42,396,644	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20vesicle%20trafficking	Membrane vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic animal cells involves movement of biochemical signal molecules from synthesis-and-packaging locations in the Golgi body to specific release locations on the inside of the plasma membrane of the secretory cell. It takes place in the form of Golgi membrane-bound micro-sized vesi...	Membrane vesicle trafficking	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,701	[ "Cell communication", "Membrane biology", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology" ]
42,397,902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscale%20and%20macroscale%20models	Microscale models form a broad class of computational models that simulate fine-scale details, in contrast with macroscale models, which amalgamate details into select categories. Microscale and macroscale models can be used together to understand different aspects of the same problem. Applications Macroscale models...	Microscale and macroscale models	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,036	[ "Mathematical modeling", "Mathematical and theoretical biology", "Applied mathematics", "Mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
40,935,941	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine	9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine (CMMG) is a compound which is known as the principal metabolite of the antiviral medication aciclovir (and its prodrug valaciclovir), and has been suggested as the causative agent in the neuropsychiatric side effects sometimes associated with these medications. These are mainly suffered by...	9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine	[ "Chemistry" ]	186	[ "Pharmacology", "Carboxylic acids", "Functional groups", "Medicinal chemistry stubs", "Pharmacology stubs" ]
40,939,889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoplasmin	Nucleoplasmin, the first identified molecular chaperone is a thermostable acidic protein with a pentameric structure. The protein was first isolated from Xenopus species Functions The pentameric protein participates in various significant cellular activities like sperm chromatin remodeling, nucleosome assembly, genome...	Nucleoplasmin	[ "Chemistry" ]	172	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Protein stubs" ]
40,941,004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5H6S	{{DISPLAYTITLE:C5H6S}} The molecular formula C5H6S may refer to: Methylthiophenes 2-Methylthiophene, an organosulfur compound that can be produced by Wolff-Kishner reduction of thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde 3-Methylthiophene, an organosulfur that can be produced by sulfidation of 2-methylsuccinate Thiopyran, a heter...	C5H6S	[ "Chemistry" ]	110	[ "Isomerism", "Set index articles on molecular formulas" ]
40,941,916	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatini%20identity	In general relativity and tensor calculus, the Palatini identity is where denotes the variation of Christoffel symbols and indicates covariant differentiation. The "same" identity holds for the Lie derivative . In fact, one has where denotes any vector field on the spacetime manifold . Proof The Riemann curvatu...	Palatini identity	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	233	[ "Tensors", "Equations of physics", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "General relativity", "Theory of relativity" ]
40,942,048	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20sparging	Air sparging, also known as in situ air stripping and in situ volatilization is an in situ remediation technique, used for the treatment of saturated soils and groundwater contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like petroleum hydrocarbons, a widespread problem for the ground water and soil health. Vapor extr...	Air sparging	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	770	[ "Water treatment", "Water pollution", "Water technology", "Environmental engineering" ]
40,943,457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20molecule%20drug%20conjugate	Small molecule drug conjugates or SMDCs are built with three modules: a targeting ligand, a linker and a drug payload. The targeting ligands consist of low molecular weight, high-affinity ligands that are precisely linked to potent drugs. The linkers are designed to be stable in the bloodstream and then release the act...	Small molecule drug conjugate	[ "Chemistry" ]	260	[ "Pharmacology", "Drug delivery devices" ]
40,943,939	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%20SARS-like%20coronavirus%20WIV1	Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1), also sometimes called SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, is a strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) isolated from Chinese rufous horseshoe bats in 2013 (Rhinolophus sinicus). Like all coronaviruses, virions consist of single-stranded posit...	Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1	[ "Biology" ]	233	[ "Virus stubs", "Viruses" ]
40,945,512	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriagram	The myriagram () is a former French and metric unit of mass equal to 10,000 grams (myriad being the Greek word for ten thousand). Although never as widely used as the kilogram, the myriagram was employed during the 19th century as a replacement for the earlier American customary system quarter, which was equal to . In...	Myriagram	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	112	[ "Matter", "Quantity", "Units of mass", "Mass", "Units of measurement" ]
40,946,774	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern%20language%20%28formal%20languages%29	In theoretical computer science, a pattern language is a formal language that can be defined as the set of all particular instances of a string of constants and variables. Pattern Languages were introduced by Dana Angluin in the context of machine learning. Definition Given a finite set Σ of constant symbols and a co...	Pattern language (formal languages)	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,458	[ "Machine learning", "Theoretical computer science", "Applied mathematics", "Formal languages", "Mathematical logic", "Artificial intelligence engineering" ]
40,946,785	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkarofsky%20function	The Shkarofsky function is a physics formula which describes the behavior of microwaves. It is named after Canadian physicist Issie Shkarofsky (1931-2018), who first identified the function in 1966. N.M. Temme and S.S. Sazhin later developed this idea further to give what they called the generalized Shkarofsky functio...	Shkarofsky function	[ "Physics" ]	80	[ "Waves", "Physical phenomena", "Motion (physics)" ]
53,891,403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%20acid%20replacement	Amino acid replacement is a change from one amino acid to a different amino acid in a protein due to point mutation in the corresponding DNA sequence. It is caused by nonsynonymous missense mutation which changes the codon sequence to code other amino acid instead of the original. Conservative and radical replacements...	Amino acid replacement	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,166	[ "Amino acids", "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Biochemistry", "nan" ]
53,894,060	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20ordinates%20method	In the theory of radiative transfer, of either thermal or neutron radiation, a position and direction-dependent intensity function is usually sought for the description of the radiation field. The intensity field can in principle be solved from the integrodifferential radiative transfer equation (RTE), but an exact sol...	Discrete ordinates method	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	499	[ "Physical phenomena", "Telecommunications engineering", "Electromagnetic radiation", "Radiation", "Radiometry" ]
53,895,456	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-based%20models	Cell-based models are mathematical models that represent biological cells as discrete entities. Within the field of computational biology they are often simply called agent-based models of which they are a specific application and they are used for simulating the biomechanics of multicellular structures such as tissues...	Cell-based models	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	755	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Computational biology", "Computational mathematics", "Mathematical relations", "Biophysics", "Numerical analysis", "Approximations" ]
53,902,845	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene%20plasmonics	Graphene is a 2D nanosheet with atomic thin thickness in terms of 0.34 nm. Due to the ultrathin thickness, graphene showed many properties that are quite different from their bulk graphite counterparts. The most prominent advantages are known to be their high electron mobility and high mechanical strengths. Thus, it ...	Graphene plasmonics	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	629	[ "Plasmonics", "Surface science", "Condensed matter physics", "Nanotechnology", "Solid state engineering" ]
53,903,005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgical%20and%20Materials%20Engineering	Metallurgical and Materials Engineering is a peer-reviewed Open Access scientific journal, published by the Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia. The first name of the journal was Metalurgija, published in 1995. The new name was adopted in 2012. The journal publishes contributions on fundamental and enginee...	Metallurgical and Materials Engineering	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	113	[ "Materials science stubs", "Materials science journals", "Materials science journal stubs", "Materials science" ]
52,518,686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth%20Orcutt	Beth N. Orcutt is an American oceanographer whose research focuses on the microbial life of the ocean floor. As of 2012, she is a senior research scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. She is also a senior scientist of the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations, a Science and Technology Center...	Beth Orcutt	[ "Chemistry" ]	505	[ "Geochemists", "Biogeochemistry", "Biogeochemists" ]
57,257,634	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WireGuard	WireGuard is a communication protocol and free and open-source software that implements encrypted virtual private networks (VPNs). It aims to be lighter and better performing than IPsec and OpenVPN, two common tunneling protocols. The WireGuard protocol passes traffic over UDP. In March 2020, the Linux version of the ...	WireGuard	[ "Engineering" ]	1,884	[ "Computer networks engineering", "Tunneling protocols" ]

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