id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
66,160,845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARMF-I | Advanced Reactivity Measurement Facility I (ARMF-I) was a research reactor which was located at the Argonne National Laboratory, a United States Department of Energy national laboratory, facility located in the high desert of southeastern Idaho between Idaho Falls, Idaho and Arco, Idaho. ARMF-I was nearly identical to ... | ARMF-I | [
"Physics"
] | 592 | [
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
66,168,924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late-stage%20functionalization | Late-stage functionalization (LSF) is a desired, chemical or biochemical, chemoselective transformation on a complex molecule to provide at least one analog in sufficient quantity and purity for a given purpose without needing the addition of a functional group that exclusively serves to enable said transformation.
... | Late-stage functionalization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 626 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Transformation (function)",
"Molecules",
"Physical objects",
"nan",
"Geometry",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
69,057,786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20quadruplets | The condensate of electron quadruplets is a proposed state of matter in which Cooper pairs are formed but do not exhibit long-range order, but electron quadruplets do. Such states emerge in systems with multiple broken symmetries due to the partial melting of the underlying low-temperature order, which destroys the co... | Electron quadruplets | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 298 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Matter"
] |
69,062,088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration%20linear%20program | The configuration linear program (configuration-LP) is a linear programming technique used for solving combinatorial optimization problems. It was introduced in the context of the cutting stock problem. Later, it has been applied to the bin packing and job scheduling problems. In the configuration-LP, there is a variab... | Configuration linear program | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,084 | [
"Bin packing",
"Mathematical problems",
"Packing problems"
] |
69,066,355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Vartak | Vartak, also known as Project VARTAK is a project of the Border Roads Organisation under the Ministry of Defence of India. It was formed on 7 May 1960 as a provision of the 2nd Border Roads Development Board Meeting with the then Prime Minister of India Jawahar Lal Nehru as Project Tusker, which was later renamed Proje... | Project Vartak | [
"Engineering"
] | 943 | [
"Construction",
"Infrastructure"
] |
64,667,394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffaele%20Mezzenga | Raffaele Mezzenga is a soft condensed matter scientist, currently heading the Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. He is among the 0.1% most cited scientists according to the Clarivate 2023 Highly Cited Researchers list in the cross-field discipline.
Education
P... | Raffaele Mezzenga | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 561 | [
"Condensed matter physicists",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
64,668,653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCell | OpenCell is a laboratory in London.
Laboratories
OpenCell is primarily used for work related to biochemical and biomolecular activities such as DNA sequencing. It opened to the public in June 2018. The space uses shipping containers to house biotechnology laboratories. The laboratories contain biotechnology equipment ... | OpenCell | [
"Biology"
] | 250 | [
"Biotechnology stubs"
] |
64,668,694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opentrons | Opentrons Labworks, Inc. (or Opentrons) is a biotechnology company that manufactures liquid handling robots that use open-source software, which at one point used open-source hardware but no longer does. Their robots can be used by scientists to manipulate small volumes of liquids for the purpose of undertaking biochem... | Opentrons | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 976 | [
"Biotechnology organizations",
"Biotechnology companies"
] |
64,668,822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow-independent%20set | In graph theory, a rainbow-independent set (ISR) is an independent set in a graph, in which each vertex has a different color.
Formally, let be a graph, and suppose vertex set is partitioned into subsets , called "colors". A set of vertices is called a rainbow-independent set if it satisfies both the following con... | Rainbow-independent set | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,436 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Graph theory",
"Computational problems",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical problems",
"NP-complete problems"
] |
74,805,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer-resource%20model | In theoretical ecology and nonlinear dynamics, consumer-resource models (CRMs) are a class of ecological models in which a community of consumer species compete for a common pool of resources. Instead of species interacting directly, all species-species interactions are mediated through resource dynamics. Consumer-reso... | Consumer-resource model | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 2,345 | [
"Mathematical modeling",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Random dynamical systems",
"Ecology",
"Biophysics",
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
74,810,557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovine%20forestomach%20matrix | Ovine forestomach matrix (OFM), marketed as AROA ECM, is a layer of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterial isolated from the propria submucosa of the rumen of sheep. OFM is used in tissue engineering and as a tissue scaffold for wound healing and surgical applications.
History
OFM was developed and is ... | Ovine forestomach matrix | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,021 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Cloning",
"Chemical engineering",
"Tissue engineering",
"Medical technology"
] |
74,814,591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development%20of%20the%20respiratory%20system | Development of the respiratory system begins early in the fetus. It is a complex process that includes many structures, most of which arise from the endoderm. Towards the end of development, the fetus can be observed making breathing movements. Until birth, however, the mother provides all of the oxygen to the fetus as... | Development of the respiratory system | [
"Biology"
] | 1,079 | [
"Behavior",
"Respiratory system",
"Human development",
"Behavioural sciences",
"Organ systems"
] |
74,815,191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butoxyacetic%20acid | Butoxyacetic acid is an aliphatic organic chemical. It is a liquid. It has the formula C6H12O3 and CAS Registry Number of 2516-93-0. It is REACH registered with the EC number 677-344-8. n-Butyl glycidyl ether is metabolized renally to this compound as is 2-butoxyethanol. Methods have been developed and papers publishe... | Butoxyacetic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 117 | [
"Organic acids",
"Acids",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Ethers"
] |
74,817,490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20leakage | Battery leakage is the escape of chemicals, such as electrolytes, within an electric battery due to generation of pathways to the outside environment caused by factory or design defects, excessive gas generation, or physical damage to the battery. The leakage of battery chemical often causes destructive corrosion to th... | Battery leakage | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology"
] | 1,156 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Technological failures",
"Corrosion",
"Electrochemistry",
"Materials degradation"
] |
74,820,340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20generalized%20Lotka%E2%80%93Volterra%20model | The random generalized Lotka–Volterra model (rGLV) is an ecological model and random set of coupled ordinary differential equations where the parameters of the generalized Lotka–Volterra equation are sampled from a probability distribution, analogously to quenched disorder. The rGLV models dynamics of a community of sp... | Random generalized Lotka–Volterra model | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 1,304 | [
"Mathematical modeling",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Random dynamical systems",
"Applied mathematics",
"Ecology",
"Biophysics",
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
62,421,802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbed%20angular%20correlation | The perturbed γ-γ angular correlation, PAC for short or PAC-Spectroscopy, is a method of nuclear solid-state physics with which magnetic and electric fields in crystal structures can be measured. In doing so, electrical field gradients and the Larmor frequency in magnetic fields as well as dynamic effects are determine... | Perturbed angular correlation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,222 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Laboratory techniques in condensed matter physics",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Spectroscopy",
"Solid-state chemistry",
"Electromagnetism",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Materials science",
" molecular",
"Nuclear physics",
" and optical physics",
"Mol... |
62,428,696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal%20pump%20selection%20and%20characteristics | The basic function of a pump is to do work on a liquid. It can be used to transport and compress a liquid. In industries heavy-duty pumps are used to move water, chemicals, slurry, food, oil and so on. Depending on their action, pumps are classified into two types — Centrifugal Pumps and Positive Displacement Pumps. Wh... | Centrifugal pump selection and characteristics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,419 | [
"Pumps",
"Hydraulics",
"Physical systems",
"Turbomachinery"
] |
62,429,844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-flow%20radial%20turbine | Radial means that the fluid is flowing in radial direction that is either from inward to outward or from outward to inward, with respect to the runner shaft axis. If the fluid is flowing from inward to outward then it is called outflow radial turbine.
In this turbine, the working fluid enters around the axis of the w... | Out-flow radial turbine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,116 | [
"Turbines",
"Turbomachinery"
] |
72,024,289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadopiclenol | Gadopiclenol, sold under the brand name Elucirem among others, is a contrast agent used with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect and visualize lesions with abnormal vascularity in the central nervous system and in the body. Gadopiclenol is a paramagnetic macrocyclic non-ionic complex of gadolinium.
Gadopiclenol... | Gadopiclenol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 526 | [
"Carboxylic acids",
"Amides",
"Functional groups"
] |
72,031,127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren%20B.%20Hitchcock | Lauren Blakely Hitchcock (March 18, 1900 – October 15, 1972) was a chemical engineer and early opponent of air pollution.
Hitchcock was born in Paris to Frank Lauren Hitchcock, a mathematician and physicist, and Margaret Johnson Blakely, and was raised in Belmont, Massachusetts. He received his undergraduate (1920), m... | Lauren B. Hitchcock | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 223 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Chemical engineers"
] |
72,039,476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPt3 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:UPt3}}
UPt3 is an inorganic binary intermetallic crystalline compound of platinum and uranium.
Production
It can be synthesised in the following ways:
as an intermetallic compound, by direct fusion of pure components according to stoichiometric calculations:
by reduction of uranium dioxide with ... | UPt3 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 230 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Metallurgy",
"Intermetallics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Alloys"
] |
58,083,234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exterior%20calculus%20identities | This article summarizes several identities in exterior calculus, a mathematical notation used in differential geometry.
Notation
The following summarizes short definitions and notations that are used in this article.
Manifold
, are -dimensional smooth manifolds, where . That is, differentiable manifolds that can b... | Exterior calculus identities | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,627 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Tensors",
"Calculus",
"Differential forms",
"Mathematical identities",
"Mathematical problems",
"Differential operators",
"Algebra"
] |
58,084,624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic%20radio%20frequency%20convergence | Electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) convergence is a signal-processing paradigm that is utilized when several RF systems have to share a finite amount of resources among each other. RF convergence indicates the ideal operating point for the entire network of RF systems sharing resources such that the systems can effic... | Electromagnetic radio frequency convergence | [
"Physics"
] | 1,717 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electromagnetism",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves",
"Fundamental interactions"
] |
58,086,456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20Physics%20and%20Atomic%20Energy%20%28journal%29 | Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy is a quarterly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It was established in 2000 and covers all aspects of nuclear physics, particle physics, atomic energy, radiation physics, plasma physi... | Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy (journal) | [
"Physics"
] | 148 | [
"Plasma science journals",
"Nuclear physics journals",
"Plasma physics",
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Particle physics",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Nuclear physics",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle physics journals"
] |
58,090,951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17H14N2O2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C17H14N2O2}}
The molecular formula C17H14N2O2 (molar mass: 278.305 g/mol, exact mass: 278.1055 u) may refer to:
Bimakalim
Sudan Red G
Molecular formulas | C17H14N2O2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 64 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
58,091,424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pool%20fire | A pool fire is a type of diffusion flame where a layer of volatile liquid fuel is evaporating and burning. The fuel layer can be either on a horizontal solid substrate or floating on a higher-density liquid, usually water. Pool fires are an important scenario in fire process safety and combustion science, as large amou... | Pool fire | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 481 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"Safety engineering",
"Process safety"
] |
58,094,662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optically%20detected%20magnetic%20resonance | In physics, optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) is a double resonance technique by which the electron spin state of a crystal defect may be optically pumped for spin initialisation and readout.
Like electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), ODMR makes use of the Zeeman effect in unpaired electrons. The negativel... | Optically detected magnetic resonance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 975 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Molecular physics",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Theoretical physics",
"Materials science",
"Quantum mechanics",
"nan",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
59,730,114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel%20external%20memory | In computer science, a parallel external memory (PEM) model is a cache-aware, external-memory abstract machine. It is the parallel-computing analogy to the single-processor external memory (EM) model. In a similar way, it is the cache-aware analogy to the parallel random-access machine (PRAM). The PEM model consists of... | Parallel external memory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,344 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Algorithms",
"Mathematical logic"
] |
59,730,509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprotein | A microprotein (miP) is a small protein encoded from a small open reading frame (sORF), also known as sORF-encoded protein (SEP). They are a class of protein with a single protein domain that are related to multidomain proteins. Microproteins regulate larger multidomain proteins at the post-translational level. Micropr... | Microprotein | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 731 | [
"Post-translational modification",
"Gene expression",
"Protein classification",
"Biochemical reactions"
] |
63,331,699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive%20islands%20and%20lakes | A recursive island or lake, also known as a nested island or lake, is an island or a lake that lies within a lake or an island.
For the purposes of defining recursion, small continental land masses such as Madagascar and New Zealand count as islands, while large continental land masses do not. Islands found within lake... | Recursive islands and lakes | [
"Mathematics"
] | 294 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Recursion"
] |
63,337,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Linear%20Algebra%20Society | The International Linear Algebra Society (ILAS) is a professional mathematical society organized to promote research and education in linear algebra, matrix theory and matrix computation. It serves the international community through conferences, publications, prizes and lectures. Membership in ILAS is open to all math... | International Linear Algebra Society | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,858 | [
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
73,452,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proselenos | Proselenos () is the concept referring to the belief that the ancient Arcadians were a group of people older than the Moon (Selene in Greek) itself. This aspect of the Arcadian identity was in opposition to the other groups inhabiting the Peloponnese, who claimed to be descended from the Dorians. There were some other ... | Proselenos | [
"Astronomy"
] | 451 | [
"Astronomical myths",
"Moon myths"
] |
73,453,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Theoretical%20Physics%2C%20Saclay | The Institute of Theoretical Physics ("Institut de physique théorique") (IPhT) is a research institute of the Direction of Fundamental Research (DRF) of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). The Institute is also a joint research unit of the Institute of Physics (INP), a subsidiary of the ... | Institute of Theoretical Physics, Saclay | [
"Physics"
] | 941 | [
"Theoretical physics"
] |
73,464,124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capronia%20cogtii | Capronia cogtii is a rare species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. Found in northern Mongolia, it was described as a new species in 2019.
Taxonomy
Capronia cogtii belongs to the fungal family Herpotrichiellaceae and is characterized by its hyaline ascospores, which distingui... | Capronia cogtii | [
"Biology"
] | 677 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
76,395,086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%202523B | NGC 2523B is a spiral galaxy located around 186 million light-years away in the constellation Camelopardalis. The discovery of this galaxy is credited to Philip C. Keenan, in his paper Studies of Extra-Galactic Nebulae. Part I: Determination of Magnitudes, published in The Astrophysical Journal in 1935.
According to ... | NGC 2523B | [
"Astronomy"
] | 176 | [
"Camelopardalis",
"Constellations"
] |
76,401,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20deep%20learning | Topological deep learning (TDL) is a research field that extends deep learning to handle complex, non-Euclidean data structures. Traditional deep learning models, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), excel in processing data on regular grids and sequences. However, scientif... | Topological deep learning | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,042 | [
"Spacetime",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry"
] |
76,403,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallografija | Kristallografija, also transliterated as Kristallografiya or Kristallografiia, () is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, Russian crystallography journal currently published by MAIC "Science/Interperiodica". An English translation Crystallography Reports is published by Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
History
The journal was founded... | Kristallografija | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 590 | [
"Crystallography journals",
"Crystallography"
] |
76,404,147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconium%20iodate | Zirconium iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Zr(IO3)4. It can be prepared by reacting sodium iodate and zirconium sulfate tetrahydrate in an aqueous solution. The resulting precipitate is dried and refluxed in concentrated nitric acid. Zirconium iodate trihydrate can be obtained by reacting hydra... | Zirconium iodate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 138 | [
"Iodates",
"Oxidizing agents"
] |
76,404,216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth%20iodate | Bismuth iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Bi(IO3)3. Its anhydrate can be obtained by reacting bismuth nitrate and iodic acid, dissolving the resulting precipitate in 7.8 mol/L nitric acid, and heating to volatilize and crystallize at 70 °C; The dihydrate can be obtained by reacting bismuth nitra... | Bismuth iodate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 139 | [
"Iodates",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Inorganic compound stubs"
] |
76,404,260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%28IV%29%20iodate | Tin(IV) iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sn(IO3)4. It was first obtained in 2020 through the hydrothermal reaction of tin(II) oxide and iodic acid in water at 220 °C. It is a colorless columnar crystal, crystallized in the triclinic P space group. It has an indirect band gap (experimental 4.0 e... | Tin(IV) iodate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 103 | [
"Iodates",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Inorganic compound stubs"
] |
76,404,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium%28IV%29%20iodate | Plutonium(IV) iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pu(IO3)4, it is a salt which decomposes into plutonium(IV) oxide above 540 °C. It can be generated in the reaction of plutonium(IV) nitrate and iodic acid, but this method cannot obtain a pure product; Another preparation method is the reaction of ... | Plutonium(IV) iodate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 128 | [
"Iodates",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Inorganic compound stubs"
] |
76,408,069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basket-handle%20arch | A basket-handle arch (also depressed arch or chop arch) is characterized by an intrados profile formed by a sequence of circular arcs, each tangent to its neighbors, resulting in a smooth transition between arcs. The simplest form, a three-centered arch, consists of three arc segments with distinct centers, while a fiv... | Basket-handle arch | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,065 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Piecewise-circular curves",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Construction",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Bridges",
"Architecture"
] |
54,852,772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough%20curve | A breakthrough curve in adsorption is the course of the effluent adsorptive concentration at the outlet of a fixed bed adsorber. Breakthrough curves are important for adsorptive separation technologies and for the characterization of porous materials.
Importance
Since almost all adsorptive separation processes are dy... | Breakthrough curve | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 427 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
54,859,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%20464 | NGC 464 is a double star located in the Andromeda constellation. It was discovered in 1882 by Wilhelm Tempel.
References
External links
Andromeda (constellation)
0464
Double stars | NGC 464 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 41 | [
"Andromeda (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
54,869,297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Elliott%20%28geochemist%29 | Timothy Richard Elliott is a professor at the University of Bristol.
Education
Timothy Elliot was educated at the University of Cambridge and the Open University where he was awarded a PhD in 1991 for research investigating element fractionation in the petrogenesis of ocean island basalts.
Career and research
Elliot... | Tim Elliott (geochemist) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 261 | [
"Geochemists",
"British geochemists"
] |
66,174,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20pen | A heat pen (also known as a thermal stick) is a device used to mitigate the effects of an insect sting (e. g. wasp sting) or insect bite (e. g. mosquito bite) by briefly heating the skin.
Shape
The heat pen is available either as a pen-like device or as a USB-attachment for the smartphone.
Effect
A heat pen has a c... | Heat pen | [
"Biology"
] | 258 | [
"Medical devices",
"Medical technology"
] |
66,175,500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana%20Carroll | Dana Carroll is an American molecular biologist and biochemist at the University of Utah School of Medicine who has made important contributions to the field of genome editing. He has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 2017.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American ... | Dana Carroll | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 77 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genetic engineering",
"Genome editing"
] |
61,194,766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-domain%20diffuse%20optics | Time-domain diffuse optics or time-resolved functional near-infrared spectroscopy is a branch of functional near-Infrared spectroscopy which deals with light propagation in diffusive media. There are three main approaches to diffuse optics namely continuous wave (CW), frequency domain (FD) and time-domain (TD). Biologi... | Time-domain diffuse optics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,634 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
61,195,896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lump%20sum%20contract | A lump sum contract in construction is one type of construction contract, sometimes referred to as stipulated-sum, where a single price is quoted for an entire project based on plans and specifications and covers the entire project and the owner knows exactly how much the work will cost in advance. This type of contrac... | Lump sum contract | [
"Engineering"
] | 820 | [
"Construction"
] |
56,367,582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACS%20Mersin | ACS Mersin is a glass factory in Mersin, Turkey. ACS stands for Anadolu Cam Sanayii ("Anatolian Glass Industry")
The factory is at in Yenitaşkent neighborhood to the north of the Turkish state highway which connects Mersin to Tarsus. Its distance to Mersin is about .
The factory was put into operation in 1969. In 1... | ACS Mersin | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 208 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glassmaking companies",
"Engineering companies"
] |
64,675,556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogel%E2%80%93Fulcher%E2%80%93Tammann%20equation | The Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation, also known as Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann–Hesse equation or Vogel–Fulcher equation (abbreviated: VFT equation), is used to describe the viscosity of liquids as a function of temperature, and especially its strongly temperature dependent variation in the supercooled regime, upon approaching... | Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 203 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
64,679,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depot%20injection | A depot injection, also known as a long-acting injectable (LAI), is a term for an injection formulation of a medication which releases slowly over time to permit less frequent administration of a medication. They are designed to increase medication adherence and consistency, especially in patients who commonly forget t... | Depot injection | [
"Chemistry"
] | 836 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Routes of administration"
] |
64,684,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large%20diameter%20centrifuge | The large diameter centrifuge, or LDC, is any centrifuge extending several meters, which can rotate samples to change their acceleration in space to enhance the effect of gravity. Large diameter centrifuges are used to understand the effect of hyper-gravity (gravitational strengths stronger than that of the Earth) on b... | Large diameter centrifuge | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 334 | [
"Measuring instruments",
"Gravitational instruments"
] |
74,823,985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20D.%20Foster | Mark D. Foster is the Thomas A. Knowles Professor of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, and associate dean of programs, policy and engagement at the University of Akron. His area of research is polymer surfaces and interfaces.
Education
Foster completed his undergraduate studies in Chemical Engineering at Wash... | Mark D. Foster | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 259 | [
"Polymer scientists and engineers",
"Physical chemists",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
74,825,642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroether%20E-1 | Fluoroether E-1 (known chemically as heptafluoropropyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, is a chemical compound that is among the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This synthetic fluorochemical is used in the GenX process, and may arise from the degradation of GenX chemicals including FRD-903.
Product... | Fluoroether E-1 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 273 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"Chemical processes",
"nan"
] |
74,830,262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LY305 | LY305 is a transdermally bioavailable selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed by Eli Lilly for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. Its chemical structure includes N-arylhydroxyalkyl. A phase one trial found promising results.
See also
Compound 2f (SARM)
References
Selective androgen receptor modula... | LY305 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 102 | [
"Nitriles",
"Functional groups"
] |
74,831,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobetirome | Sobetirome (GC-1) is a thyromimetic drug that binds to the thyroid hormone receptor TRβ1 preferentially compared to TRα1. It has been investigated for the treatment of dyslipidemia, obesity, Pitt–Hopkins syndrome, cholestatic liver disease, multiple sclerosis, bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, and COVID-19 caused ARDS. ... | Sobetirome | [
"Chemistry"
] | 140 | [
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups"
] |
74,831,538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VK2809 | VK2809 (formerly known as MB07811) is a thyromimetic prodrug whose active form is selective for the THR-β isoform. It is being developed by Viking Therapeutics in a phase II trial for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and is also being investigated for glycogen storage disease type Ia.
In 2023, Viking Ther... | VK2809 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 185 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Prodrugs"
] |
74,832,110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzbau%20%28Hamburg%29 | The Kreuzbau (also Klassenkreuz) is a building type for school buildings in Hamburg. Between 1957 and 1963, Kreuzbau buildings were erected there at a good 60 locations of state schools. They have four wings on a cruciform ground plan, from which the name is derived. The Kreuzbau building has three floors and a flat ro... | Kreuzbau (Hamburg) | [
"Engineering"
] | 7,536 | [
"Construction",
"Building"
] |
69,072,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat-me%20signals | Eat-me signals are molecules exposed on the surface of a cell to induce phagocytes to phagocytose (eat) that cell. Currently known eat-me signals include: phosphatidylserine, oxidized phospholipids, sugar residues (such as galactose), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), calreticulin, annexin A1, histones and pentraxin-3 (PTX3... | Eat-me signals | [
"Biology"
] | 363 | [
"Senescence",
"Cellular senescence",
"Cell biology",
"Cellular processes"
] |
69,072,781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find-me%20signals | Cells destined for apoptosis release molecules referred to as find-me signals. These signal molecules are used to attract phagocytes which engulf and eliminate damaged cells. Find-me signals are typically released by the apoptotic cells while the cell membrane remains intact. This ensures that the phagocytic cells are ... | Find-me signals | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,248 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Molecules",
"Physical objects",
"nan",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
67,654,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20George%20Burke | Philip George Burke FRS (18 October 1932—4 June 2019) was a British theoretical and computational physicist who developed the R-matrix method for studying electron collisions with atoms and molecules.
Life
He was born in London. He graduated from University College of the South West, and University College London. H... | Philip George Burke | [
"Physics"
] | 172 | [
"Computational physicists",
"Computational physics"
] |
67,654,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tides%20in%20marginal%20seas | Tides in marginal seas are tides affected by their location in semi-enclosed areas along the margins of continents and differ from tides in the open oceans. Tides are water level variations caused by the gravitational interaction between the Moon, the Sun and the Earth. The resulting tidal force is a secondary effect ... | Tides in marginal seas | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,685 | [
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Oceanography",
"Chemical engineering",
"Geophysics",
"Piping",
"Planetary science",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
67,662,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological%20engineering | Geological engineering is a discipline of engineering concerned with the application of geological science and engineering principles to fields, such as civil engineering, mining, environmental engineering, and forestry, among others. The work of geological engineers often directs or supports the work of other engineer... | Geological engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,671 | [
"nan"
] |
77,795,799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20map | A gravity map is a map that depicts gravity measurements across an area of space, which are typically obtained via gravimetry. Gravity maps are an extension of the field of geodynamics. Readings are typically taken at regular intervals for surface analysis on Earth. Other methods include analysis of artificial satellit... | Gravity map | [
"Physics"
] | 468 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Geophysics"
] |
62,436,503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20finance%20and%20the%20Belt%20and%20Road%20Initiative | Green finance is officially promoted as an important feature of the Belt and Road Initiative, China's signature global economic development initiative. The official vision for the BRI calls for an environmentally friendly "Green Belt and Road".
Policy
Chinese policy documents for the BRI coordinate and encourage green... | Green finance and the Belt and Road Initiative | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 707 | [
"Industrial ecology",
"Industrial engineering",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
62,436,652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial%20allocation%20mechanism | The Partial Allocation Mechanism (PAM) is a mechanism for truthful resource allocation. It is based on the max-product allocation - the allocation maximizing the product of agents' utilities (also known as the Nash-optimal allocation or the Proportionally-Fair solution; in many cases it is equivalent to the competitiv... | Partial allocation mechanism | [
"Mathematics"
] | 588 | [
"Game theory",
"Mechanism design"
] |
63,340,505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic%20electron%20transfer | In chemistry, adiabatic electron-transfer is a type of oxidation-reduction process. The mechanism is ubiquitous in nature in both the inorganic and biological spheres. Adiabatic electron-transfers proceed without making or breaking chemical bonds. Adiabatic electron-transfer can occur by either optical or thermal mec... | Adiabatic electron transfer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,410 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"nan",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
63,346,732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications%20Materials | Communications Materials is a peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal in the field materials science published by Nature Portfolio since 2020. The chief editor is John Plummer. The journal was created as one of several sub-journals to Nature Communications.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted an... | Communications Materials | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 133 | [
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
63,346,757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npj%202D%20Materials%20and%20Applications | npj 2D Materials and Applications, is an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group. It focuses on 2D materials (such as thin films), including fundamental behaviour, synthesis, properties and applications.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, npj 2D Materials and Applicati... | Npj 2D Materials and Applications | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 265 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science journal stubs",
"Materials science"
] |
63,350,802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanedisulfonic%20acid | Methanedisulfonic acid is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH2(SO3H)2. It is the disulfonic acid of methane. It is prepared by treatment of methanesulfonic acid with oleum. Its acid strength (pKa) is comparable to that of sulfuric acid.
History and synthesis
The acid was first unknowingly prepared in 183... | Methanedisulfonic acid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 434 | [
"Functional groups",
"Sulfonic acids"
] |
63,352,173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EQUIL2 | Equil 2 is a computer program used to estimate the risk of nephrolithiasis (renal stones). The input data includes excretion, concentration, and the saturation of trace elements or other substances, which are involved in the creation of kidney stones and the output will be provided in terms of PSF score (probability of... | EQUIL2 | [
"Biology"
] | 113 | [
"Medical software",
"Medical technology"
] |
63,352,392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target%20selection | Target selection is the process by which axons (nerve fibres) selectively target other cells for synapse formation. Synapses are structures which enable electrical or chemical signals to pass between nerves. While the mechanisms governing target specificity remain incompletely understood, it has been shown in many orga... | Target selection | [
"Biology"
] | 1,371 | [
"Organ systems",
"Cell biology",
"Nervous system"
] |
58,097,665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu-transform | In the theory of stochastic processes, a ν-transform is an operation that transforms a measure or a point process into a different point process. Intuitively the ν-transform randomly relocates the points of the point process, with the type of relocation being dependent on the position of each point.
Definition
For me... | Nu-transform | [
"Mathematics"
] | 268 | [
"Point processes",
"Point (geometry)"
] |
58,098,655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirkko%20Eskola | Pirkko Eskola is a Finnish physicist. She discovered the chemical elements Rutherfordium and Dubnium whilst working at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Research
Eskola was a student of at the University of Helsinki. She worked on heavy ion physics. In 1961 Eskola demonstrated that the half-life of Nobelium... | Pirkko Eskola | [
"Physics"
] | 328 | [
"Nuclear physicists",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
58,100,243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider%20shot | Spider shot was a variation of chain shot with multiple chains.
See also
Round shot
Heated shot
Canister shot
Grapeshot
References
Projectiles
Artillery ammunition
Balls
Chains
Metallic objects | Spider shot | [
"Physics"
] | 34 | [
"Metallic objects",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
58,103,878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peano%20kernel%20theorem | In numerical analysis, the Peano kernel theorem is a general result on error bounds for a wide class of numerical approximations (such as numerical quadratures), defined in terms of linear functionals. It is attributed to Giuseppe Peano.
Statement
Let be the space of all functions that are differentiable on that ... | Peano kernel theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 268 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Mathematical problems",
"Approximations"
] |
58,103,934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapping%20theorem%20%28point%20process%29 | The mapping theorem is a theorem in the theory of point processes, a sub-discipline of probability theory. It describes how a Poisson point process is altered under measurable transformations. This allows construction of more complex Poisson point processes out of homogeneous Poisson point processes and can, for exampl... | Mapping theorem (point process) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 156 | [
"Point processes",
"Point (geometry)",
"Poisson point processes"
] |
58,104,462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenin | Lysenin is a pore-forming toxin (PFT) present in the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Pore-forming toxins are a group of proteins that act as virulence factors of several pathogenic bacteria. Lysenin proteins are chiefly involved in the defense against cellular pathogens. Following the general mechanism ... | Lysenin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,853 | [
"Protein toxins",
"Toxins by chemical classification"
] |
58,105,950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20Mississippi%20water%20resource%20region | The Lower Mississippi water resource region is one of 21 major geographic areas, or regions, in the first level of classification used by the United States Geological Survey to divide and sub-divide the United States into successively smaller hydrologic units. These geographic areas contain either the drainage area of ... | Lower Mississippi water resource region | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 265 | [
"Hydrology",
"Drainage basins"
] |
59,742,549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight%20junction%20proteins | Tight junction proteins (TJ proteins) are molecules situated at the tight junctions of epithelial, endothelial and myelinated cells. This multiprotein junctional complex has a regulatory function in passage of ions, water and solutes through the paracellular pathway. It can also coordinate the motion of lipids and prot... | Tight junction proteins | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,492 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Cell biology",
"Molecular biology"
] |
66,182,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20magnon%20polariton | Surface magnon-polaritons (SMPs) are a type of quasiparticle in condensed matter physics. They arise from the coupling of incident electromagnetic (EM) radiations to the magnetic dipole polarization in the surface layers of a solid. Magnons are analogous to other forms of polaritons, such as plasmons and phonons, but r... | Surface magnon polariton | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 220 | [
"Plasmonics",
"Matter",
"Materials science stubs",
"Surface science",
"Nanotechnology",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Quasiparticles",
"Condensed matter stubs",
"Solid state engineering",
"Subatomic particles"
] |
66,187,030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20von%20Abramson | Arthur von Abramson (born 3 March 1854) was an Imperial Russian civil engineer.
He was born to a Jewish family in Odessa, and was educated at the city's gymnasium. He studied mathematics at the University of Odessa, but left to take a course in civil engineering at the Zurich Polytechnikum, from which he was graduated... | Arthur von Abramson | [
"Engineering"
] | 220 | [
"Civil engineering",
"Civil engineering stubs"
] |
76,414,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoliposome%20therapy | Immunoliposome therapy is a targeted drug delivery method that involves the use of liposomes (artificial lipid bilayer vesicles) coupled with monoclonal antibodies to deliver therapeutic agents to specific sites or tissues in the body. The antibody modified liposomes target tissue through cell-specific antibodies with ... | Immunoliposome therapy | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,482 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug delivery devices"
] |
76,415,171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste%20input-output%20model | The Waste Input-Output (WIO) model is an innovative extension of the environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) model. It enhances the traditional Input-Output (IO) model by incorporating physical waste flows generated and treated alongside monetary flows of products and services.
In a WIO model, each waste flow is ... | Waste input-output model | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,161 | [
"Industrial engineering",
"Environmental social science concepts",
"Environmental engineering",
"Industrial ecology",
"Environmental social science"
] |
76,419,161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiroketals | In chemistry, Spiroketals are structural motifs composed of two heterocycles sharing one central carbon which makes them a subclass of spiro compound. Their structural specificity lays on the presence of one oxygen atom in each ring, in alpha of the spiro carbon. Although there are no rules about the size of each ring,... | Spiroketals | [
"Chemistry"
] | 462 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Heterocyclic compounds"
] |
76,419,906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20nanoparticles%20in%20drug%20delivery | Magnetic nanoparticle drug delivery is the use of external or internal magnets to increase the accumulation of therapeutic elements contained in nanoparticles to fight pathologies in specific parts of the body. It has been applied in cancer treatments, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Scientific researches reveal... | Magnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,097 | [
"Nanomedicine",
"Pharmacology",
"Drug delivery devices",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
76,421,491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deruxtecan | Deruxtecan is a chemical compound and a derivative of exatecan that acts as topoisomerase I inhibitor.
It is available linked to specific monoclonal antibody (antibody–drug conjugate), such as:
Trastuzumab deruxtecan. It is licensed for the treatment of breast cancer or gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Pa... | Deruxtecan | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 200 | [
"Antibody-drug conjugates",
"Amines",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Functional groups"
] |
76,421,867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal%20Energy%20Act | For the Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974, please see Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act.
The Geothermal Energy Act of 1980 (GEA) is an act authorized by the 96th U.S. Congress to address the issues of U.S. geothermal energy and its capabilities. It is o... | Geothermal Energy Act | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 266 | [
"Environmental social science",
"Energy policy"
] |
72,049,053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUM%20School%20of%20Computation%2C%20Information%20and%20Technology | The TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology (CIT) is a school of the Technical University of Munich, established in 2022 by the merger of three former departments. As of 2022, it is structured into the Department of Mathematics, the Department of Computer Engineering, the Department of Computer Science, a... | TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,481 | [
"Electrical and computer engineering departments",
"Electrical and computer engineering",
"Engineering universities and colleges"
] |
72,053,369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Crystal%20Growth | The Journal of Crystal Growth is a semi-monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering experimental and theoretical studies of crystal growth and its applications. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is J. Derby (University of Minnesota).
History
The Journal of Crystal Growth was founded following t... | Journal of Crystal Growth | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 566 | [
"Crystallography journals",
"Crystallography",
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
72,059,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comayagua%20cathedral%20clock | The Comayagua cathedral clock, also known as the Arabic clock or the Comayagua clock, is a gear clock dated from the medieval times located in the city of Comayagua, in the Republic of Honduras. It is considered the oldest clock in the Americas and the oldest gear clock in the world still in operation since it has been... | Comayagua cathedral clock | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 742 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Clocks",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
72,061,861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Alan%20Morton | Richard Alan Morton FRS was the Johnston Professor of Biochemistry at University of Liverpool from 1944 until 1966. He was a pioneer in the application of spectroscopy to biological molecules. His research group were the first to identify vitamin A2 and related compounds. They were also among the first to characterise ... | Richard Alan Morton | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 802 | [
"Physical chemists",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Analytical chemists",
"Spectroscopists",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
64,685,131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expandable%20graphite | Expandable graphite is produced from the naturally occurring mineral graphite. The layered structure of graphite allows some molecules to be intercalated in between the graphite layers. Through incorporation of acids, usually sulfuric acid graphite can be converted into expandable graphite.
Characteristics
If expanda... | Expandable graphite | [
"Engineering"
] | 444 | [
"Building engineering",
"Fire protection"
] |
64,686,016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%20Puppis | R Puppis is a variable star in the constellation Puppis. It is a rare yellow hypergiant and a candidate member of the open cluster NGC 2439. It is also an MK spectral standard for the class G2 0-Ia.
Variability
R Puppis was identified as a variable star in 1879, and described as having a range of over a magnitude. ... | R Puppis | [
"Astronomy"
] | 233 | [
"Puppis",
"Constellations"
] |
64,688,677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homological%20connectivity | In algebraic topology, homological connectivity is a property describing a topological space based on its homology groups.
Definitions
Background
X is homologically-connected if its 0-th homology group equals Z, i.e. , or equivalently, its 0-th reduced homology group is trivial: .
For example, when X is a graph a... | Homological connectivity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 758 | [
"Properties of topological spaces",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Space (mathematics)"
] |
64,693,091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20Thermodynamic%20Systems | In thermodynamics and thermal physics, the theoretical formulation of magnetic systems entails expressing the behavior of the systems using the Laws of Thermodynamics. Common magnetic systems examined through the lens of Thermodynamics are ferromagnets and paramagnets as well as the ferromagnet to paramagnet phase tran... | Magnetic Thermodynamic Systems | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 870 | [
"Physical systems",
"Thermodynamic systems",
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
73,470,619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium%28II%29%20fluoride | Ytterbium(II) fluoride is a binary inorganic compound of ytterbium and fluorine with the chemical formula .
Synthesis
Ytterbium(II) fluoride can be obtained by reacting ytterbium(III) fluoride with ytterbium or hydrogen.
Physical properties
Ytterbium(II) fluoride is a gray solid and crystallizes in the so-called fluo... | Ytterbium(II) fluoride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 187 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Fluorides",
"Inorganic compound stubs",
"Salts"
] |
73,471,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20etching%20cracks | White etching cracks (WEC), or white structure flaking or brittle flaking, is a type of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage that can occur in bearing steels under certain conditions, such as hydrogen embrittlement, high stress, inadequate lubrication, and high temperature. WEC is characterised by the presence of white... | White etching cracks | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,162 | [
"Mechanical phenomena",
"Tribology",
"Physical phenomena",
"Force",
"Friction",
"Physical quantities",
"Fracture mechanics",
"Mechanical failure modes",
"Structural engineering",
"Metallurgy",
"Technological failures",
"Materials science",
"Surface science",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineerin... |
73,479,684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%20diagonal%20state | Bell diagonal states are a class of bipartite qubit states that are frequently used in quantum information and quantum computation theory.
Definition
The Bell diagonal state is defined as the probabilistic mixture of Bell states:
In density operator form, a Bell diagonal state is defined as
where is a pro... | Bell diagonal state | [
"Physics"
] | 227 | [
"Quantum states",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
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