id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,278,245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation%20quantization | In mathematics and physics, deformation quantization roughly amounts to finding a (quantum) algebra whose classical limit is a given (classical) algebra such as a Lie algebra or a Poisson algebra.
In physics
Intuitively, a deformation of a mathematical object is a family of the same kind of objects that depend on som... | Deformation quantization | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,006 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical quantization",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
4,279,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation%20immunity | In mathematics, the correlation immunity of a Boolean function is a measure of the degree to which its outputs are uncorrelated with some subset of its inputs. Specifically, a Boolean function is said to be correlation-immune of order m if every subset of m or fewer variables in is statistically independent of the val... | Correlation immunity | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 256 | [
"Boolean algebra",
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Cryptography",
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Fields of abstract algebra"
] |
4,279,406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixotricha%20paradoxa | Mixotricha paradoxa is a species of protozoan that lives inside the gut of the Australian termite species Mastotermes darwiniensis.
It is composed of five different organisms: three bacterial ectosymbionts live on its surface for locomotion and at least one endosymbiont lives inside to help digest cellulose in wood to... | Mixotricha paradoxa | [
"Biology"
] | 1,064 | [
"Biological interactions",
"Endosymbiotic events",
"Symbiosis",
"Behavior"
] |
628,183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldstone%20boson | In particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons or Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) are bosons that appear necessarily in models exhibiting spontaneous breakdown of continuous symmetries. They were discovered by Yoichiro Nambu in particle physics within the context of the BCS superconductivity mechanism, and s... | Goldstone boson | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,155 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Equations of physics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Bosons",
"Subatomic particles",
"Mathematical physics",
"Matter",
"Physics theorems"
] |
628,198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoron | In particle physics, majorons (named after Ettore Majorana) are a hypothetical type of Goldstone boson that are conjectured to mediate the neutrino mass violation of lepton number or B − L in certain high energy collisions such as
+ → + +
Where two electrons collide to form two W bosons and the majoron J. The U... | Majoron | [
"Physics"
] | 348 | [
"Matter",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Bosons",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Hypothetical elementary particles",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Subatomic particles"
] |
630,017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman%E2%80%93Kac%20formula | The Feynman–Kac formula, named after Richard Feynman and Mark Kac, establishes a link between parabolic partial differential equations and stochastic processes. In 1947, when Kac and Feynman were both faculty members at Cornell University, Kac attended a presentation of Feynman's and remarked that the two of them were ... | Feynman–Kac formula | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,099 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical finance",
"Articles containing proofs"
] |
630,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam%20%28structure%29 | A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally across the beam's axis (an element designed to carry a load pushing parallel to its axis would be a strut or column). Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending, as loads produce reaction forces at the beam's support points and internal b... | Beam (structure) | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,780 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Solid mechanics",
"Statics",
"Building engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Structural system",
"Mechanics",
"Bridge components",
"Components"
] |
630,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdermal%20implant | Transdermal implants, or dermal piercings, are a form of body modification used both in a medical and aesthetic context that, in contrast to subdermal implants, consist of an object placed partially below and partially above the skin, thus implanted transdermal. Two techniques are prevalent using post-like and microder... | Transdermal implant | [
"Chemistry"
] | 662 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug delivery devices"
] |
630,611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide%20gene | In the field of genetics, a suicide gene is a gene that will cause a cell to kill itself through the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Activation of a suicide gene can cause death through a variety of pathways, but one important cellular "switch" to induce apoptosis is the p53 protein. Stimulation or introd... | Suicide gene | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,141 | [
"Signal transduction",
"Senescence",
"Cellular senescence",
"Cellular processes",
"Programmed cell death"
] |
5,702,698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%E2%80%93ligand%20docking | Protein–ligand docking is a molecular modelling technique. The goal of protein–ligand docking is to predict the position and orientation of a ligand (a small molecule) when it is bound to a protein receptor or enzyme. Pharmaceutical research employs docking techniques for a variety of purposes, most notably in the virt... | Protein–ligand docking | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,248 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Molecular modelling",
"Computational chemistry",
"nan",
"Cheminformatics"
] |
5,703,338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20robot | A delta robot is a type of parallel robot that consists of three arms connected to universal joints at the base. The key design feature is the use of parallelograms in the arms, which maintains the orientation of the end effector. In contrast, a Stewart platform can change the orientation of its end effector.
Delta ro... | Delta robot | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,105 | [
"Industrial robots",
"Robotics engineering",
"Robot kinematics"
] |
5,703,563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booster%20dose | A booster dose is an extra administration of a vaccine after an earlier (primer) dose. After initial immunization, a booster provides a re-exposure to the immunizing antigen. It is intended to increase immunity against that antigen back to protective levels after memory against that antigen has declined through time. F... | Booster dose | [
"Biology"
] | 1,917 | [
"Vaccination"
] |
5,703,638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBGKY%20hierarchy | In statistical physics, the Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy (sometimes called Bogoliubov hierarchy) is a set of equations describing the dynamics of a system of a large number of interacting particles. The equation for an s-particle distribution function (probability density function) in the BBGKY... | BBGKY hierarchy | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 888 | [
"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
5,705,108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borohydride | Borohydride refers to the anion , which is also called tetrahydridoborate, and its salts. Borohydride or hydroborate is also the term used for compounds containing , where n is an integer from 0 to 3, for example cyanoborohydride or cyanotrihydroborate and triethylborohydride or triethylhydroborate . Borohydrides find... | Borohydride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 778 | [
"Ions",
"Matter",
"Anions"
] |
5,706,028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing%20margin | Timing margin is an electronics term that defines the difference between the actual change in a signal and the latest time at which the signal can change in order for an electronic circuit to function correctly. It is used in the design of digital electronics.
Illustration
In this image, the lower signal is the cloc... | Timing margin | [
"Engineering"
] | 316 | [
"Electrical engineering"
] |
5,706,520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinucleotide%20repeat%20expansion | A trinucleotide repeat expansion, also known as a triplet repeat expansion, is the DNA mutation responsible for causing any type of disorder categorized as a trinucleotide repeat disorder. These are labelled in dynamical genetics as dynamic mutations. Triplet expansion is caused by slippage during DNA replication, also... | Trinucleotide repeat expansion | [
"Biology"
] | 6,466 | [
"Genetics"
] |
13,666,834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20Insect%20Micro-Electro-Mechanical%20Systems | Hybrid Insect Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (HI-MEMS) is a project of DARPA, a unit of the United States Department of Defense. Created in 2006, the unit's goal is the creation of tightly coupled machine-insect interfaces by placing micro-mechanical systems inside the insects during the early stages of metamorphos... | Hybrid Insect Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 212 | [
"Materials science",
"Microtechnology",
"Cyborgs"
] |
13,671,479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viaspan | Viaspan was the trademark under which the University of Wisconsin cold storage solution (also known as University of Wisconsin solution or UW solution) was sold. Currently, UW solution is sold under the Belzer UW trademark and others like Bel-Gen or StoreProtect. UW solution was the first solution designed for use in ... | Viaspan | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 346 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Cryobiology"
] |
13,674,069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocratic%20Oath%20for%20scientists | A Hippocratic Oath for scientists is an oath similar to the Hippocratic Oath for medical professionals, adapted for scientists. Multiple varieties of such an oath have been proposed. Joseph Rotblat has suggested that an oath would help make new scientists aware of their social and moral responsibilities; opponents, how... | Hippocratic Oath for scientists | [
"Technology"
] | 1,316 | [
"Ethics of science and technology"
] |
13,677,392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20Energy%20Materials%20and%20Solar%20Cells | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells is a scientific journal published by Elsevier covering research related to solar energy materials and solar cells. According to the Journal Citation Reports, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells has a 2020 impact factor of 7.267.
Controversies
A paper titled "Ageing effects o... | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 161 | [
"Environmental science journals",
"Energy and fuel journals",
"Materials science journals",
"Materials science"
] |
1,057,601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20field%20theory%20in%20curved%20spacetime | In theoretical physics, quantum field theory in curved spacetime (QFTCS) is an extension of quantum field theory from Minkowski spacetime to a general curved spacetime. This theory uses a semi-classical approach; it treats spacetime as a fixed, classical background, while giving a quantum-mechanical description of the ... | Quantum field theory in curved spacetime | [
"Physics"
] | 1,031 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum gravity",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
1,058,299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20image%20velocimetry | Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical method of flow visualization used in education and research. It is used to obtain instantaneous velocity measurements and related properties in fluids. The fluid is seeded with tracer particles which, for sufficiently small particles, are assumed to faithfully follow the f... | Particle image velocimetry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 7,744 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Quantity",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,058,719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20spectrum | A harmonic spectrum is a spectrum containing only frequency components whose frequencies are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency; such frequencies are known as harmonics. "The individual partials are not heard separately but are blended together by the ear into a single tone."
In other words, if is th... | Harmonic spectrum | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 117 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Mathematical objects",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
1,060,554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%83g%C4%83ra%C8%99 | Făgăraș (; , ) is a city in central Romania, located in Brașov County. It lies on the Olt River and has a population of 26,284 as of 2021. It is situated in the historical region of Transylvania, and is the main city of a subregion, Țara Făgărașului.
Geography
The city is located at the foothills of the Făgăraș Mounta... | Făgăraș | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,176 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Geographical centres",
"Symmetry"
] |
1,060,624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s%20rings | Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by the reflection of light between two surfaces, typically a spherical surface and an adjacent touching flat surface. It is named after Isaac Newton, who investigated the effect in 1666. When viewed with monochromatic light, Newton's rings appea... | Newton's rings | [
"Physics"
] | 1,291 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena"
] |
1,060,865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-preg | Pre-preg is a composite material made from "pre-impregnated" fibers and a partially cured polymer matrix, such as epoxy or phenolic resin, or even thermoplastic mixed with liquid rubbers or resins. The fibers often take the form of a weave and the matrix is used to bond them together and to other components during manu... | Pre-preg | [
"Physics"
] | 1,505 | [
"Materials",
"Composite materials",
"Matter"
] |
1,060,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual%20strength | Residual strength is the load or force (usually mechanical) that a damaged object or material can still carry without failing. Material toughness, fracture size and geometry as well as its orientation all contribute to residual strength.
References
Materials science | Residual strength | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 47 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Classical mechanics stubs",
"Classical mechanics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
3,139,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet%20group | In mathematics, a jet group is a generalization of the general linear group which applies to Taylor polynomials instead of vectors at a point. A jet group is a group of jets that describes how a Taylor polynomial transforms under changes of coordinate systems (or, equivalently, diffeomorphisms).
Overview
The k-th ord... | Jet group | [
"Mathematics"
] | 429 | [
"Algebra stubs",
"Mathematical structures",
"Lie groups",
"Algebraic structures",
"Algebra"
] |
3,139,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb%E2%80%93Oseen%20vortex | In fluid dynamics, the Lamb–Oseen vortex models a line vortex that decays due to viscosity. This vortex is named after Horace Lamb and Carl Wilhelm Oseen.
Mathematical description
Oseen looked for a solution for the Navier–Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates with velocity components of the form
where is t... | Lamb–Oseen vortex | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 343 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Vortices",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
3,139,737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batchelor%20vortex | In fluid dynamics, Batchelor vortices, first described by George Batchelor in a 1964 article, have been found useful in analyses of airplane vortex wake hazard problems.
The model
The Batchelor vortex is an approximate solution to the Navier–Stokes equations obtained using a boundary layer approximation. The physical ... | Batchelor vortex | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 358 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Vortices",
"Dynamical systems",
"Chemical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
3,139,954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaufmann%20vortex | The Kaufmann vortex, also known as the Scully model, is a mathematical model for a vortex taking account of viscosity. It uses an algebraic velocity profile. This vortex is not a solution of the Navier–Stokes equations.
Kaufmann and Scully's model for the velocity in the Θ direction is:
The model was suggested by W. ... | Kaufmann vortex | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 139 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Vortices",
"Dynamical systems",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
3,140,673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric%20breakdown%20model | Dielectric breakdown model (DBM) is a macroscopic mathematical model combining the diffusion-limited aggregation model with electric field. It was developed by Niemeyer, Pietronero, and Weismann in 1984. It describes the patterns of dielectric breakdown of solids, liquids, and even gases, explaining the formation of th... | Dielectric breakdown model | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 106 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Mathematical modeling",
"Applied mathematics",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Electrical breakdown"
] |
3,140,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric%20product%20of%20an%20algebraic%20curve | In mathematics, the n-fold symmetric product of an algebraic curve C is the quotient space of the n-fold cartesian product
C × C × ... × C
or Cn by the group action of the symmetric group Sn on n letters permuting the factors. It exists as a smooth algebraic variety denoted by ΣnC. If C is a compact Riemann surface, ... | Symmetric product of an algebraic curve | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 571 | [
"Algebra",
"Symmetric functions",
"Symmetry"
] |
3,141,360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20decomposition%20of%203-manifolds | In mathematics, the prime decomposition theorem for 3-manifolds states that every compact, orientable 3-manifold is the connected sum of a unique (up to homeomorphism) finite collection of prime 3-manifolds.
A manifold is prime if it is not homeomorphic to any connected sum of manifolds, except for the trivial connect... | Prime decomposition of 3-manifolds | [
"Mathematics"
] | 292 | [
"Theorems in differential geometry",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Manifolds",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
3,142,105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombieri%E2%80%93Lang%20conjecture | In arithmetic geometry, the Bombieri–Lang conjecture is an unsolved problem conjectured by Enrico Bombieri and Serge Lang about the Zariski density of the set of rational points of an algebraic variety of general type.
Statement
The weak Bombieri–Lang conjecture for surfaces states that if is a smooth surface of gene... | Bombieri–Lang conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 447 | [
"Geometry problems",
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Unsolved problems in geometry",
"Conjectures",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
3,142,188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20band%20%28NATO%29 | The NATO I band is the obsolete designation given to the radio frequencies from 8,000 to 10,000 MHz (equivalent to wavelengths between 3.75 and 3 cm) during the Cold War period. Since 1992, frequency allocations, allotment and assignments are in line with the NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA).
Howeve... | I band (NATO) | [
"Physics"
] | 114 | [
"Radio spectrum",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum"
] |
3,143,054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poroelasticity | Poroelasticity is a field in materials science and mechanics that studies the interaction between fluid flow, pressure and bulk solid deformation within a linear porous medium and it is an extension of elasticity and porous medium flow (diffusion equation). The deformation of the medium influences the flow of the fluid... | Poroelasticity | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 656 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Porous media",
"Materials science",
"Physical properties"
] |
3,143,285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemosterilant | A chemosterilant is a chemical compound that causes reproductive sterility in an organism. Chemosterilants are particularly useful in controlling the population of species that are known to cause disease, such as insects, or species that are, in general, economically damaging. The sterility induced by chemosterilants c... | Chemosterilant | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,566 | [
"Chemical compounds",
"Molecules",
"Matter"
] |
3,143,591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s%20theorem | Euclid's theorem is a fundamental statement in number theory that asserts that there are infinitely many prime numbers. It was first proven by Euclid in his work Elements. There are several proofs of the theorem.
Euclid's proof
Euclid offered a proof published in his work Elements (Book IX, Proposition 20), which is p... | Euclid's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,420 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Infinity",
"Theorems about prime numbers",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Articles containing proofs"
] |
3,144,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakov%20Frenkel |
Yakov Il'ich Frenkel (; 10 February 1894 – 23 January 1952) was a Soviet physicist renowned for his works in the field of condensed-matter physics. He is also known as Jacov Frenkel, frequently using the name J. Frenkel in publications in English.
Early years
He was born to a Jewish family in Rostov on Don, in the D... | Yakov Frenkel | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,568 | [
"Condensed matter physicists",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
17,623,931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesin%208 | The Kinesin 8 Family are a subfamily of the molecular motor proteins known as kinesins. Most kinesins transport materials or cargo around the cell while traversing along microtubule polymer tracks with the help of ATP-hydrolysis-created energy. The Kinesin 8 family has been shown to play an important role in chromosome... | Kinesin 8 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 196 | [
"Molecular machines",
"Motor proteins"
] |
17,626,196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPTC%207901 | IPTC 7901 is a news service text markup specification published by the International Press Telecommunications Council that was designed to standardize the content and structure of text news articles. It was formally approved in 1979, and is still the world's most common way of transmitting news articles to newspapers, ... | IPTC 7901 | [
"Technology"
] | 231 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Metadata",
"Data"
] |
1,625,082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20isospin | In particle physics, weak isospin is a quantum number relating to the electrically charged part of the weak interaction: Particles with half-integer weak isospin can interact with the bosons; particles with zero weak isospin do not.
Weak isospin is a construct parallel to the idea of isospin under the strong interacti... | Weak isospin | [
"Physics"
] | 952 | [
"Standard Model",
"Physical phenomena",
"Electroweak theory",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Particle physics"
] |
1,625,876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkes%20process | The Parkes process is a pyrometallurgical industrial process for removing silver from lead during the production of bullion. It is an example of liquid–liquid extraction.
The process takes advantage of two liquid-state properties of zinc. The first is that zinc is immiscible with lead, and the other is that silver is ... | Parkes process | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 255 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Metallurgy"
] |
1,626,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gromatici | Gromatici (from Latin groma or gruma, a surveyor's pole) or agrimensores was the name for land surveyors amongst the ancient Romans. The "gromatic writers" were technical writers who codified their techniques of surveying, most of whose preserved writings are found in the Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum.
History
Roman... | Gromatici | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,014 | [
"Surveying",
"Civil engineering"
] |
1,627,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javelin%20argument | The javelin argument, credited to Lucretius, is an ancient logical argument that the universe, or cosmological space, must be infinite. The javelin argument was used to support the Epicurean thesis about the universe. It was also constructed to counter the Aristotelian view that the universe is finite.
Overview
Lucre... | Javelin argument | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 426 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
1,627,114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker%27s%20map | In dynamical systems theory, the baker's map is a chaotic map from the unit square into itself. It is named after a kneading operation that bakers apply to dough: the dough is cut in half, and the two halves are stacked on one another, and compressed.
The baker's map can be understood as the bilateral shift operator ... | Baker's map | [
"Mathematics"
] | 705 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Chaotic maps",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,627,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipsed%20conformation | In chemistry an eclipsed conformation is a conformation in which two substituents X and Y on adjacent atoms A, B are in closest proximity, implying that the torsion angle X–A–B–Y is 0°. Such a conformation can exist in any open chain, single chemical bond connecting two sp3-hybridised atoms, and it is normally a confor... | Eclipsed conformation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,086 | [
"Spacetime",
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan"
] |
1,628,483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodecahedrane | Dodecahedrane is a chemical compound, a hydrocarbon with formula , whose carbon atoms are arranged as the vertices (corners) of a regular dodecahedron. Each carbon is bound to three neighbouring carbon atoms and to a hydrogen atom. This compound is one of the three possible Platonic hydrocarbons, the other two being c... | Dodecahedrane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,087 | [
"Total synthesis",
"Chemical synthesis"
] |
1,629,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter%20funnel | A filter funnel is a laboratory funnel used for separating solids from liquids via the laboratory process of filtering.
In order to achieve this, a cone-like shaped piece of filter paper is usually folded into a cone and placed within the funnel. The suspension of solid and liquid is then poured through the funnel. T... | Filter funnel | [
"Chemistry"
] | 238 | [
"Water treatment",
"Water filters",
"Filters"
] |
1,629,320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation%20length | In physics, the attenuation length or absorption length is the distance into a material when the probability has dropped to that a particle has not been absorbed. Alternatively, if there is a beam of particles incident on the material, the attenuation length is the distance where the intensity of the beam has droppe... | Attenuation length | [
"Physics"
] | 207 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
1,629,461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20length | In particle physics, the radiation length is a characteristic of a material, related to the energy loss of high energy particles electromagnetically interacting with it. It is defined as the mean length (in cm) into the material at which the energy of an electron is reduced by the factor 1/e.
Definition
In materials ... | Radiation length | [
"Physics"
] | 391 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
1,629,621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull-up%20resistor | In electronic logic circuits, a pull-up resistor (PU) or pull-down resistor (PD) is a resistor used to ensure a known state for a signal. It is typically used in combination with components such as switches and transistors, which physically interrupt the connection of subsequent components to ground or to VCC. Without ... | Pull-up resistor | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,331 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Electronic circuits",
"Resistive components",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
8,952,773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling%20screen | A traveling screen is a type of water filtration device that has a continuously moving mesh screen that is used to catch and remove debris. This type of device is usually found in water intake systems for drinking water and sewage treatment plants. Screening is considered the first step in conventional sewage treatment... | Traveling screen | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 140 | [
"Water filters",
"Water treatment",
"Filters",
"Water pollution",
"Civil engineering",
"Civil engineering stubs",
"Environmental engineering",
"Water technology"
] |
8,956,408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete%20leveling | In civil engineering, concrete leveling is a procedure that attempts to correct an uneven concrete surface by altering the foundation that the surface sits upon. It is a cheaper alternative to having replacement concrete poured and is commonly performed at small businesses and private homes as well as at factories, war... | Concrete leveling | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,957 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Concrete"
] |
8,956,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint%20robot | Industrial paint robots have been used for decades in automotive paint applications.
Early paint robots were hydraulic versions, which are still in use today but are of inferior quality and safety to the latest electronic offerings. The newest robots are accurate and deliver results with uniform film builds and exact ... | Paint robot | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,684 | [
"Industrial robots"
] |
8,957,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe%20bridge | Europe bridge is the name of several bridges in Europe :
In Austria as Europabrücke
Europabrücke, a bridge over the Wipp valley (1963), highest bridge in Europe until 2004 and Millau Viaduct achievement
In Belgium as Pont de l'Europe
Pont de l'Europe in Huy, over the Meuse (1980) see;
In Bulgaria and Romania
New Eu... | Europe bridge | [
"Engineering"
] | 302 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Bridges"
] |
8,958,658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Spallation%20Source | The European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS) is a multi-disciplinary research facility currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. Its Data Management and Software Centre (DMSC) is co-located with DTU in Lyngby, Denmark. Its 13 European contributor countries are partners in the construction and operation of the ESS. The... | European Spallation Source | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,725 | [
"Scattering",
"Neutron scattering",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
14,776,609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOXB1 | Homeobox protein Hox-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB1 gene.
Function
This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four ... | HOXB1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 160 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,776,622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOXB2 | Homeobox protein Hox-B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB2 gene.
Function
This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a s... | HOXB2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 116 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,776,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSF2 | Heat shock factor protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSF2 gene.
Function
HSF2, as well as the related gene HSF1, encodes a protein that binds specifically to the heat-shock element and has homology to HSFs of other species. Heat shock transcription factors activate heat-shock response genes unde... | HSF2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 141 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,777,567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethenone | Ethenone is the formal name for ketene, an organic compound with formula or . It is the simplest member of the ketene class. It is an important reagent for acetylations.
Properties
Ethenone is a highly reactive gas (at standard conditions) and has a sharp irritating odour. It is only reasonably stable at low tempera... | Ethenone | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,144 | [
"Matter",
"Chemical weapons",
"Phases of matter",
"Functional groups",
"Pulmonary agents",
"Ketenes",
"Acetylating agents",
"Reagents for organic chemistry",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases"
] |
14,777,805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SALL1 | Sal-like 1 (Drosophila), also known as SALL1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SALL1 gene. As the full name suggests, it is one of the human versions of the spalt (sal) gene known in Drosophila.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor and may be part of the ... | SALL1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 193 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,779,081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microthermal%20analysis | Microthermal analysis is a materials characterization technique which combines the thermal analysis principles of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopy. The instrument consists of a thermal probe, a fine platinum/rhodium alloy wire (5 micro meter in diamet... | Microthermal analysis | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 253 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
14,781,912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20nanocomposite | Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) consist of a polymer or copolymer having nanoparticles or nanofillers dispersed in the polymer matrix. These may be of different shape (e.g., platelets, fibers, spheroids), but at least one dimension must be in the range of 1–50 nm. These PNC's belong to the category of multi-phase systems ... | Polymer nanocomposite | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,531 | [
"Polymer material properties",
"Nanotechnology",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Nanomaterials"
] |
14,786,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning%20cone | Spinning cone columns are used in a form of low temperature vacuum steam distillation to gently extract volatile chemicals from liquid foodstuffs while minimising the effect on the taste of the product. For instance, the columns can be used to remove some of the alcohol from wine, to remove "off" smells from cream, and... | Spinning cone | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 765 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Distillation",
"nan",
"Separation processes"
] |
14,787,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%20batch%20calculation | Glass batch calculation or glass batching is used to determine the correct mix of raw materials (batch) for a glass melt.
Principle
The raw materials mixture for glass melting is termed "batch". The batch must be measured properly to achieve a given, desired glass formulation. This batch calculation is based on the c... | Glass batch calculation | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 701 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glass chemistry",
"Materials science"
] |
62,382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan%27s%20conjecture | Catalan's conjecture (or Mihăilescu's theorem) is a theorem in number theory that was conjectured by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu at Paderborn University. The integers 23 and 32 are two perfect powers (that is, powers of exponent higher than one) of natural nu... | Catalan's conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 712 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Diophantine equations",
"Conjectures",
"Conjectures that have been proved",
"Mathematical problems",
"Abc conjecture",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Number theory"
] |
62,529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20level | Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardised geodetic datumthat is used, for example, as a chart datum in cartography and ... | Sea level | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,204 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Geodesy",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
62,641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20field | In vector calculus and physics, a vector field is an assignment of a vector to each point in a space, most commonly Euclidean space . A vector field on a plane can be visualized as a collection of arrows with given magnitudes and directions, each attached to a point on the plane. Vector fields are often used to model,... | Vector field | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,473 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mathematical objects",
"Topology",
"Differential topology",
"Vector physical quantities",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
62,929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua%20regia | Aqua regia (; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. Aqua regia is a fuming liquid. Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, but it turns yellow, orange or red within seconds from the formation of nitrosyl chloride and nitrogen ... | Aqua regia | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,736 | [
"Acids",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Mineral acids",
"Alchemical substances",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Oxidizing mixtures",
"Oxidizing acids"
] |
63,011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnality | Nocturnality is a behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite.
Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed senses of hearing, smell, and specially adapted eyesight. Some a... | Nocturnality | [
"Biology"
] | 2,177 | [
"Nocturnal animals",
"Behavior",
"Animals",
"Biological interactions",
"Behavioral ecology",
"Biological defense mechanisms",
"Behavioural sciences",
"Circadian rhythm",
"Antipredator adaptations",
"nan",
"Chronobiology",
"Ethology",
"Sleep"
] |
63,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersaturation | In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid, but it can also be applied to liquids and gases dissolved in a liquid. A... | Supersaturation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,982 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Underwater diving physics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
63,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty | Uncertainty or incertitude refers to situations involving imperfect or unknown information. It applies to predictions of future events, to physical measurements that are already made, or to the unknown. Uncertainty arises in partially observable or stochastic environments, as well as due to ignorance, indolence, or bot... | Uncertainty | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,918 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Probability interpretations",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Experimental physics"
] |
63,944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key-agreement%20protocol | In cryptography, a key-agreement protocol is a protocol whereby two (or more) parties generate a cryptographic key as a function of information provided by each honest party so that no party can predetermine the resulting value.
In particular, all honest participants influence the outcome. A key-agreement protocol is a... | Key-agreement protocol | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,443 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
64,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprocessing | Multiprocessing is the use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single computer system. The term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor or the ability to allocate tasks between them. There are many variations on this basic theme, and the definition of multiprocessin... | Multiprocessing | [
"Technology"
] | 1,767 | [
"Classes of computers",
"Computing terminology",
"Computers",
"Computer systems"
] |
64,045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal%20crossover | Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis ... | Chromosomal crossover | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,367 | [
"Modification of genetic information",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology"
] |
64,204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic%20theory%20of%20gases | The kinetic theory of gases is a simple classical model of the thermodynamic behavior of gases. Its introduction allowed many principal concepts of thermodynamics to be established. It treats a gas as composed of numerous particles, too small to be seen with a microscope, in constant, random motion. These particles are... | Kinetic theory of gases | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 6,052 | [
"Matter",
"Phases of matter",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
64,219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%27s%20principle | Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, density, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum. The principle is named after the Swiss math... | Bernoulli's principle | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 4,616 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
64,333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%27s%20law | Reed's law is the assertion of David P. Reed that the utility of large networks, particularly social networks, can scale exponentially with the size of the network.
The reason for this is that the number of possible sub-groups of network participants is 2N − N − 1, where N is the number of participants. This grows mu... | Reed's law | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 720 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Graph theory",
"Network theory",
"Computer science",
"Information theory",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
64,474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concatenation | In formal language theory and computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining character strings end-to-end. For example, the concatenation of "snow" and "ball" is "snowball". In certain formalizations of concatenation theory, also called string theory, string concatenation is a primitive notion.... | Concatenation | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 1,200 | [
"Sequences and series",
"String (computer science)",
"Mathematical structures",
"Formal languages",
"Mathematical logic",
"Computer science"
] |
64,506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20Ethernet | In computer networking, Fast Ethernet physical layers carry traffic at the nominal rate of . The prior Ethernet speed was . Of the Fast Ethernet physical layers, 100BASE-TX is by far the most common.
Fast Ethernet was introduced in 1995 as the IEEE 802.3u standard and remained the fastest version of Ethernet for three... | Fast Ethernet | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,147 | [
"Computer networking",
"Computer science",
"Computer engineering"
] |
64,669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Morgan%27s%20laws | In propositional logic and Boolean algebra, De Morgan's laws, also known as De Morgan's theorem, are a pair of transformation rules that are both valid rules of inference. They are named after Augustus De Morgan, a 19th-century British mathematician. The rules allow the expression of conjunctions and disjunctions purel... | De Morgan's laws | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,771 | [
"Boolean algebra",
"Mathematical structures",
"Proof theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Rules of inference",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Theorems in propositional logic",
"Category theory",
"Duality theories",
"Geometry",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematic... |
64,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%20correspondence%20problem | The Post correspondence problem is an undecidable decision problem that was introduced by Emil Post in 1946. Because it is simpler than the halting problem and the Entscheidungsproblem it is often used in proofs of undecidability.
Definition of the problem
Let be an alphabet with at least two symbols. The input of... | Post correspondence problem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,292 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Computational problems",
"Undecidable problems",
"Computability theory",
"Mathematical problems"
] |
16,408,009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%20momentum%20equation | The Cauchy momentum equation is a vector partial differential equation put forth by Cauchy that describes the non-relativistic momentum transport in any continuum.
Main equation
In convective (or Lagrangian) form the Cauchy momentum equation is written as:
where
is the flow velocity vector field, which depends on ... | Cauchy momentum equation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,330 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Quantity",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Momentum",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
16,413,876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology%20consulting | Biotechnology consulting (or biotech consulting) refers to the practice of assisting organizations involved in research and commercialization of biotechnology in improving their methods and efficiency of production, and approaches to R&D. This assistance is usually provided in the form of specialized technological advi... | Biotechnology consulting | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 353 | [
"Biotechnology organizations"
] |
16,420,547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic%20velocity | Characteristic velocity or , or C-star is a measure of the combustion performance of a rocket engine independent of nozzle performance, and is used to compare different propellants and propulsion systems. c* should not be confused with c, which is the effective exhaust velocity related to the specific impulse by: . Spe... | Characteristic velocity | [
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 289 | [
"Rocketry",
"Rocketry stubs",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
16,423,973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-coupled%20transistor%20logic | Direct-coupled transistor logic (DCTL) is similar to resistor–transistor logic (RTL), but the input transistor bases are connected directly to the collector outputs without any base resistors. Consequently, DCTL gates have fewer components, are more economical, and are simpler to fabricate onto integrated circuits than... | Direct-coupled transistor logic | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,308 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Digital electronics"
] |
9,646,648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine%20bombings%20in%20Iraq | Chlorine bombings in Iraq began as early as October 2004, when insurgents in Al Anbar province started using chlorine gas in conjunction with conventional vehicle-borne explosive devices.
The inaugural chlorine attacks in Iraq were described as poorly executed, probably because much of the chemical agent was rendered ... | Chlorine bombings in Iraq | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,003 | [
"Chemical terrorism",
"Chemical weapons attacks",
"Chemical weapons"
] |
9,650,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Watt%20Initiative | The One Watt Initiative is an energy-saving initiative by the International Energy Agency (IEA) to reduce standby power-use by any appliance to no more than one watt in 2010, and 0.5 watts in 2013, which has given rise to regulations in many countries and regions.
Standby power
Standby power, informally called vampire... | One Watt Initiative | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 718 | [
"Power (physics)",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electric power",
"Physical quantities"
] |
9,655,788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transuranic%20waste | Transuranic waste (TRU) is stated by U.S. regulations, and independent of state or origin, to be waste which has been contaminated with alpha emitting transuranic radionuclides possessing half-lives greater than 20 years and in concentrations greater than 100 nCi/g (3.7 MBq/kg).
Elements having atomic numbers greater ... | Transuranic waste | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 419 | [
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics",
"Hazardous waste",
"Radioactive waste"
] |
7,440,465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agitated%20Nutsche%20Filter | Agitated Nutsche filter (ANF) is a filtration technique used in applications such as dye, paint, and pharmaceutical production and waste water treatment. Safety requirements and environmental concerns due to solvent evaporation led to the development of this type of filter wherein filtration under vacuum or pressur... | Agitated Nutsche Filter | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 959 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Filtration",
"Filters"
] |
7,441,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway%20Forest%20Park | Galloway Forest Park is a forest park operated by Forestry and Land Scotland, principally covering woodland in the historic counties of Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire in the administrative area of Dumfries and Galloway. It is claimed to be the largest forest in the UK. The park was granted Dark Sky Park status ("G... | Galloway Forest Park | [
"Astronomy"
] | 628 | [
"Dark-sky preserves in the United Kingdom",
"Dark-sky preserves"
] |
11,125,044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20methods%20%28crystallography%29 | In crystallography, direct methods are a family of methods for estimating the phases of the Fourier transform of the scattering density from the corresponding magnitudes. The methods generally exploit constraints or statistical correlations between the phases of different Fourier components that result from the fact t... | Direct methods (crystallography) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 219 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography stubs",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
11,127,278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair-instability%20supernova | A pair-instability supernova is a type of supernova predicted to occur when pair production, the production of free electrons and positrons in the collision between atomic nuclei and energetic gamma rays, temporarily reduces the internal radiation pressure supporting a supermassive star's core against gravitational col... | Pair-instability supernova | [
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,077 | [
"Supernovae",
"Astronomical events",
"Hypernovae",
"Explosions"
] |
11,127,518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chow%27s%20lemma | Chow's lemma, named after Wei-Liang Chow, is one of the foundational results in algebraic geometry. It roughly says that a proper morphism is fairly close to being a projective morphism. More precisely, a version of it states the following:
If is a scheme that is proper over a noetherian base , then there exists a pr... | Chow's lemma | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,201 | [
"Theorems in algebraic geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
11,127,840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonostachys%20rosea%20f.%20rosea | Clonostachys rosea f. rosea, also known as Gliocladium roseum, is a species of fungus in the family Bionectriaceae. It colonizes living plants as an endophyte, digests material in soil as a saprophyte and is also known as a parasite of other fungi and of nematodes. It produces a wide range of volatile organic compounds... | Clonostachys rosea f. rosea | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 321 | [
"Water technology",
"Anaerobic digestion",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
11,128,198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearly%20neutral%20theory%20of%20molecular%20evolution | The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution is a modification of the neutral theory of molecular evolution that accounts for the fact that not all mutations are either so deleterious such that they can be ignored, or else neutral. Slightly deleterious mutations are reliably purged only when their selection coeffic... | Nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,306 | [
"Evolutionary processes",
"Molecular evolution",
"Neutral theory",
"Molecular biology",
"Non-Darwinian evolution",
"Biology theories"
] |
11,130,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avidyne%20Entegra | Avidyne Entegra is an integrated aircraft instrumentation system ("glass cockpit"), produced by Avidyne Corporation, consisting of a primary flight display (PFD), and multi-function display (MFD). Cirrus became the first customer of the Entegra system and began offering it on the SR20 and SR22 aircraft in 2003 as the f... | Avidyne Entegra | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,135 | [
"Glass cockpit",
"Avionics",
"Aircraft instruments",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
11,131,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra%20element%20theorem | The Extra Element Theorem (EET) is an analytic technique developed by R. D. Middlebrook for simplifying the process of deriving driving point and transfer functions for linear electronic circuits. Much like Thévenin's theorem, the extra element theorem breaks down one complicated problem into several simpler ones.
Dri... | Extra element theorem | [
"Physics"
] | 1,179 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Circuit theorems",
"Physics theorems"
] |
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