id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11,148,848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAR%20LSM%201.0 | The National Center for Atmospheric Research Land Surface Model (LSM) is a unidimensional computational model developed by Gordon Bonan that describes ecological processes joined in many ecosystem models, hydrological processes found in hydrological models and flow of surface common in surface models using atmospheric ... | NCAR LSM 1.0 | [
"Mathematics",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 314 | [
"Symbiosis",
"Systems ecology",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computational science",
"Ecosystems",
"Environmental social science"
] |
11,150,549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precise%20Time%20and%20Time%20Interval | Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) is a Department of Defense military and Global Positioning System standard which details a mechanism and waveform for distributing highly accurate timing information.
It is similar to pulse per second (PPS) because it indicates the start of each second using a pulse. PTTI also pr... | Precise Time and Time Interval | [
"Physics"
] | 140 | [
"Spacetime",
"Timekeeping",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
11,151,209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VALBOND | In molecular mechanics, VALBOND is a method for computing the angle bending energy that is based on valence bond theory. It is based on orbital strength functions, which are maximized when the hybrid orbitals on the atom are orthogonal. The hybridization of the bonding orbitals are obtained from empirical formulas base... | VALBOND | [
"Chemistry"
] | 888 | [
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry",
"Force fields (chemistry)"
] |
11,151,417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Trough%20Area%20Project | The Eastern Trough Area Project, commonly known as ETAP, is a network of nine smaller oil and gas fields in the Central North Sea covering an area up to 35 km in diameter. There are a total of nine different fields, six operated by BP and another three operated by Shell, and together, they are a rich mix of geology, c... | Eastern Trough Area Project | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,319 | [
"Oil platforms",
"Petroleum technology",
"Natural gas technology",
"Structural engineering"
] |
11,153,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Venant%27s%20principle | Saint-Venant's principle, named after Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant, a French elasticity theorist, may be expressed as follows:
The original statement was published in French by Saint-Venant in 1855. Although this informal statement of the principle is well known among structural and mechanical engineers,... | Saint-Venant's principle | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 277 | [
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical properties",
"Elasticity (physics)"
] |
11,157,092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCF7L2 | Transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-cell specific, HMG-box), also known as TCF7L2 or TCF4, is a protein acting as a transcription factor that, in humans, is encoded by the TCF7L2 gene. The TCF7L2 gene is located on chromosome 10q25.2–q25.3, contains 19 exons. As a member of the TCF family, TCF7L2 can form a bipartite tran... | TCF7L2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,311 | [
"Gene expression",
"Signal transduction",
"Molecular genetics",
"Induced stem cells",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Transcription factors"
] |
11,157,848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLUKA | FLUKA (FLUktuierende KAskade) is a fully integrated Monte Carlo simulation package for the interaction and transport of particles and nuclei in matter.
FLUKA has many applications in particle physics, high energy experimental physics and engineering, shielding, detector and telescope design, cosmic ray studies, dosimet... | FLUKA | [
"Physics"
] | 201 | [
"Physics software",
"Computational physics stubs",
"Computational physics"
] |
9,676,138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20neutron%20therapy | Fast neutron therapy utilizes high energy neutrons typically between 50 and 70 MeV to treat cancer. Most fast neutron therapy beams are produced by reactors, cyclotrons (d+Be) and linear accelerators. Neutron therapy is currently available in Germany, Russia, South Africa and the United States. In the United States, on... | Fast neutron therapy | [
"Physics"
] | 1,888 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Medical physics"
] |
9,683,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20medium%20approximations | In materials science, effective medium approximations (EMA) or effective medium theory (EMT) pertain to analytical or theoretical modeling that describes the macroscopic properties of composite materials. EMAs or EMTs are developed from averaging the multiple values of the constituents that directly make up the composi... | Effective medium approximations | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,067 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry",
"Matter"
] |
13,706,553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative%20proteomics | Quantitative proteomics is an analytical chemistry technique for determining the amount of proteins in a sample. The methods for protein identification are identical to those used in general (i.e. qualitative) proteomics, but include quantification as an additional dimension. Rather than just providing lists of protein... | Quantitative proteomics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,305 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
13,713,557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxostat | An auxostat is a continuous culture device which, while in operation, uses feedback from a measurement taken on the growth chamber to control the media flow rate, maintaining the measurement at a constant.
Auxo was the Greek goddess of spring growth, and represents nutrients as a prefix. However, the most typical auxo... | Auxostat | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 103 | [
"Bioreactors",
"Biological engineering",
"Bioengineering stubs",
"Chemical reactors",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemical engineering",
"Microbiology equipment"
] |
13,714,607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20molecular%20variance | Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), is a statistical model for the molecular algorithm in a single species, typically biological. The name and model are inspired by ANOVA. The method was developed by Laurent Excoffier, Peter Smouse and Joseph Quattro at Rutgers University in 1992.
Since developing AMOVA, Excoffier... | Analysis of molecular variance | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 280 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
16,446,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic%20roadmap | The probabilistic roadmap planner is a motion planning algorithm in robotics, which solves the problem of determining a path between a starting configuration of the robot and a goal configuration while avoiding collisions.
The basic idea behind PRM is to take random samples from the configuration space of the robot, t... | Probabilistic roadmap | [
"Engineering"
] | 439 | [
"Robotics engineering",
"Robot control"
] |
16,453,417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting%20curve%20analysis | Melting curve analysis is an assessment of the dissociation characteristics of double-stranded DNA during heating. As the temperature is raised, the double strand begins to dissociate leading to a rise in the absorbance intensity, hyperchromicity. The temperature at which 50% of DNA is denatured is known as the melting... | Melting curve analysis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,406 | [
"Biochemistry",
"nan"
] |
16,454,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net%20explosive%20quantity | The net explosive quantity (NEQ), also known as net explosive content (NEC) or net explosive weight (NEW), of a shipment of munitions, fireworks or similar products is the total mass of the contained explosive substances, without the packaging, casings, bullets etc. It also includes the mass of the TNT-equivalent of al... | Net explosive quantity | [
"Chemistry"
] | 93 | [
"Explosives",
"Explosions"
] |
16,454,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisoxetine | Nisoxetine (developmental code name LY-94939), originally synthesized in the Lilly research laboratories during the early 1970s, is a potent and selective inhibitor for the reuptake of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) into synapses. It currently has no clinical applications in humans, although it was originally researche... | Nisoxetine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,326 | [
"Amines",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Functional groups"
] |
16,455,757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASR-11 | ASR-11 is a Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR,) an advanced radar system utilized by the United States as the next generation of terminal air traffic control. The ASR-11 is an upgraded, advanced version of the previous ASR-9 radar. This next generation radar system has been developed through a joint effort by th... | ASR-11 | [
"Engineering"
] | 789 | [
"Airport infrastructure",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
16,456,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval%20chromatic%20number%20of%20an%20ordered%20graph | In mathematics, the interval chromatic number X<(H) of an ordered graph H is the minimum number of intervals the (linearly ordered) vertex set of H can be partitioned into so that no two vertices belonging to the same interval are adjacent in H.
Difference with chromatic number
It is interesting about interval chrom... | Interval chromatic number of an ordered graph | [
"Mathematics"
] | 212 | [
"Graph theory stubs",
"Graph coloring",
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory"
] |
5,721,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Machine%20Learning%20Research | The Journal of Machine Learning Research is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering machine learning. It was established in 2000 and the first editor-in-chief was Leslie Kaelbling. The current editors-in-chief are Francis Bach (Inria) and David Blei (Columbia University).
History
The journal was estab... | Journal of Machine Learning Research | [
"Engineering"
] | 282 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Machine learning"
] |
5,721,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine%20Learning%20%28journal%29 | Machine Learning is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1986.
In 2001, forty editors and members of the editorial board of Machine Learning resigned in order to support the Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR), saying that in the era of the internet, it was detrimental for researchers to contin... | Machine Learning (journal) | [
"Engineering"
] | 157 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Machine learning"
] |
5,721,649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dok-7 | Dok-7 is a non-catalytic cytoplasmic adaptor protein that is expressed specifically in muscle and is essential for the formation of neuromuscular synapses. Further, Dok-7 contains pleckstrin homology (PH) and phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains that are critical for Dok-7 function. Finally, mutations in Dok-7 are com... | Dok-7 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 637 | [
"Proteins",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Molecular biology"
] |
1,065,730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine%20trial | A vaccine trial is a clinical trial that aims at establishing the safety and efficacy of a vaccine prior to it being licensed.
A vaccine candidate drug is first identified through preclinical evaluations that could involve high throughput screening and selecting the proper antigen to invoke an immune response.
Some v... | Vaccine trial | [
"Biology"
] | 1,052 | [
"Vaccination"
] |
1,065,888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalization | Cephalization is an evolutionary trend in animals that, over many generations, the special sense organs and nerve ganglia become concentrated towards the front of the body where the mouth is located, often producing an enlarged head. This is associated with the animal's movement direction and bilateral symmetry. Cephal... | Cephalization | [
"Biology"
] | 1,203 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Evolutionary biology terminology"
] |
1,066,314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunam | A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; ; ), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area equivalent to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard ... | Dunam | [
"Mathematics"
] | 881 | [
"Metricated units",
"Quantity",
"Units of area",
"Units of measurement"
] |
1,067,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20field%20excitation | Crystal field excitation is the electronic transition of an electron between two orbitals of an atom that is situated in a crystal field environment. They are often observed in coordination complexes of transition metals. Some examples of crystal field excitations are dd-transitions on a copper atom that is surrounded ... | Crystal field excitation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 88 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography stubs",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
1,067,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismanol | Bismanol is a magnetic alloy of bismuth and manganese (manganese bismuthide) developed by the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory.
History
Bismanol, a permanent magnet made from powder metallurgy of manganese bismuthide, was developed by the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory in the early 1950s – at the time of invention it was on... | Bismanol | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 220 | [
"Bismuth alloys",
"Ferromagnetic materials",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Manganese alloys",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic alloys",
"Materials",
"Alloys",
"Matter"
] |
1,068,768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoremediation | Phytoremediation technologies use living plants to clean up soil, air and water contaminated with hazardous contaminants. It is defined as "the use of green plants and the associated microorganisms, along with proper soil amendments and agronomic techniques to either contain, remove or render toxic environmental conta... | Phytoremediation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 4,323 | [
"Ecological restoration",
"Chemical engineering",
"Phytoremediation plants",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Pollution control technologies",
"Biotechnology",
"Biodegradation",
"Ecological techniques",
"Civil engineering",
"Soil contamination",
"nan",
"Environmental engineering",
"Bioremediation... |
1,069,434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20takeoff%20weight | The maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) or maximum gross takeoff weight (MGTOW) or maximum takeoff mass (MTOM) of an aircraft, also known as the maximum structural takeoff weight or maximum structural takeoff mass, is the maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt to take off, due to structural or other limits. ... | Maximum takeoff weight | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 909 | [
"Aircraft weight measurements",
"Mass",
"Matter",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
12,131,888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloch%20oscillation | Bloch oscillation is a phenomenon from solid state physics. It describes the oscillation of a particle (e.g. an electron) confined in a periodic potential when a constant force is acting on it.
It was first pointed out by Felix Bloch and Clarence Zener while studying the electrical properties of crystals. In particular... | Bloch oscillation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 556 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Oscillation",
"Matter"
] |
12,133,394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular%20receptor | The testicular receptor proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. There are two forms of the receptor, TR2 and TR4, each encode by a separate gene ( and respectively).
References
External links
Intracellular receptors
Transcription factors | Testicular receptor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 54 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
12,134,138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%204A1 | The nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1 for "nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1") also known as Nur77, TR3, and NGFI-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A1 gene.
Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is a member of the NR4A nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. NR4A1 is involved in ... | Nuclear receptor 4A1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,327 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
12,134,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%204A2 | The nuclear receptor 4A2 (NR4A2) (nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2) also known as nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A2 gene. NR4A2 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
NR4A2 plays a key role in the main... | Nuclear receptor 4A2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,206 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
12,134,677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20receptor%204A3 | The nuclear receptor 4A3 (NR4A3) (nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3) also known as neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A3 gene. NR4A3 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.
NR4A3 plays a central regulatory ro... | Nuclear receptor 4A3 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 127 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
12,138,221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20switch | A molecular switch is a molecule that can be reversibly shifted between two or more stable states. The molecules may be shifted between the states in response to environmental stimuli, such as changes in pH, light, temperature, an electric current, microenvironment, or in the presence of ions and other ligands. In some... | Molecular switch | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology"
] | 1,697 | [
"Machines",
"Molecular machines",
"Physical systems",
"nan",
"Nanotechnology",
"Supramolecular chemistry"
] |
12,139,197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20DNA%20binary%20system | A transfer DNA (T-DNA) binary system is a pair of plasmids consisting of a T-DNA binary vector and a vir helper plasmid. The two plasmids are used together (thus binary) to produce genetically modified plants. They are artificial vectors that have been derived from the naturally occurring Ti plasmid found in bacterial ... | Transfer DNA binary system | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 866 | [
"Synthetic biology",
"Biological engineering",
"Genetics",
"Biotechnology",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular genetics",
"nan"
] |
12,139,474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone-modifying%20enzymes | Histone-modifying enzymes are enzymes involved in the modification of histone substrates after protein translation and affect cellular processes including gene expression. To safely store the eukaryotic genome, DNA is wrapped around four core histone proteins (H3, H4, H2A, H2B), which then join to form nucleosomes. The... | Histone-modifying enzymes | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,554 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
12,141,074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20measure | In mathematics, especially potential theory, harmonic measure is a concept related to the theory of harmonic functions that arises from the solution of the classical Dirichlet problem. In probability theory, the harmonic measure of a subset of the boundary of a bounded domain in Euclidean space , is the probability t... | Harmonic measure | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,350 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Physical quantities",
"Measures (measure theory)",
"Quantity",
"Mathematical objects",
"Potential theory",
"Size",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
12,141,201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20therapy | Particle therapy is a form of external beam radiotherapy using beams of energetic neutrons, protons, or other heavier positive ions for cancer treatment. The most common type of particle therapy as of August 2021 is proton therapy.
In contrast to X-rays (photon beams) used in older radiotherapy, particle beams exhibit... | Particle therapy | [
"Physics"
] | 1,726 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Particle physics",
"Medical physics"
] |
8,987,340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational%20Monte%20Carlo | In computational physics, variational Monte Carlo (VMC) is a quantum Monte Carlo method that applies the variational method to approximate the ground state of a quantum system.
The basic building block is a generic wave function depending on some parameters . The optimal values of the parameters is then found upon m... | Variational Monte Carlo | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,224 | [
"Mathematical optimization",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Quantum Monte Carlo",
" and optical physics"
] |
8,987,495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion%20Monte%20Carlo | Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) or diffusion quantum Monte Carlo is a quantum Monte Carlo method that uses a Green's function to calculate low-lying energies of a quantum many-body Hamiltonian.
Introduction and motivation of the algorithm
Diffusion Monte Carlo has the potential to be numerically exact, meaning that it ca... | Diffusion Monte Carlo | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 911 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Computational chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Quantum Monte Carlo",
" and optical physics"
] |
8,988,217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path%20integral%20Monte%20Carlo | Path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) is a quantum Monte Carlo method used to solve quantum statistical mechanics problems numerically within the path integral formulation. The application of Monte Carlo methods to path integral simulations of condensed matter systems was first pursued in a key paper by John A. Barker.
The... | Path integral Monte Carlo | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 452 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Quantum Monte Carlo",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
8,988,283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptation%20Monte%20Carlo | Reptation Monte Carlo is a quantum Monte Carlo method.
It is similar to Diffusion Monte Carlo, except that it works with paths rather than points. This has some advantages relating to calculating certain properties of the system under study that diffusion Monte Carlo has difficulty with.
In both diffusion Monte Carlo... | Reptation Monte Carlo | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 320 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Quantum Monte Carlo",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
" and optical physics"
] |
8,994,925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USC%20Wrigley%20Institute%20for%20Environmental%20Studies | The USC Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies is an environmental research and education facility run by the University of Southern California. It is an organized research unit that encompasses a wide range of faculty and topics across the university as well as operating a marine laboratory at the edge of Two Ha... | USC Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,406 | [
"nan"
] |
8,994,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational%20space | The relational theory of space is a metaphysical theory according to which space is composed of relations between objects, with the implication that it cannot exist in the absence of matter. Its opposite is the container theory. A relativistic physical theory implies a relational metaphysics, but not the other way roun... | Relational space | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 202 | [
"Philosophy of physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime"
] |
8,995,919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypsometric%20equation | The hypsometric equation, also known as the thickness equation, relates an atmospheric pressure ratio to the equivalent thickness of an atmospheric layer considering the layer mean of virtual temperature, gravity, and occasionally wind. It is derived from the hydrostatic equation and the ideal gas law.
Formulation
The... | Hypsometric equation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 489 | [
"Vertical position",
"Physical quantities",
"Distance",
"Mathematical objects",
"Meteorological quantities",
"Atmospheric pressure",
"Equations"
] |
14,813,581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelastic%20damping | Thermoelastic damping is a source of intrinsic material damping due to thermoelasticity present in almost all materials. As the name thermoelastic suggests, it describes the coupling between the elastic field in the structure caused by deformation and the temperature field.
Definition
In any vibrating structure, the ... | Thermoelastic damping | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 235 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical vibrations",
"Physical properties"
] |
14,813,583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSCL2 | Seipin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BSCL2 gene.
Clinical significance
Mutations in BSCL2 are known to cause the following conditions:
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2;
Spastic paraplegia 17, autosomal dominant (SPG17);
Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 5C (HMN5C);
Encephalopathy,... | BSCL2 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 135 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
14,813,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20polymerase%20mu | DNA polymerase mu is a polymerase enzyme found in eukaryotes. In humans, this protein is encoded by the POLM gene.
Function
Pol μ is a member of the X family of DNA polymerases. It participates in resynthesis of damaged or missing nucleotides during the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. Pol μ ... | DNA polymerase mu | [
"Biology"
] | 456 | [
"Molecular genetics",
"DNA repair",
"Cellular processes"
] |
14,813,741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTF3C1 | General transcription factor 3C polypeptide 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3C1 gene.
Interactions
GTF3C1 has been shown to interact with GTF3C4.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors | GTF3C1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 54 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,813,801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOXC6 | Homeobox protein Hox-C6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC6 gene. Hox-C6 expression is highest in the fallopian tube and ovary. HoxC6 has been highly expressed in many types of cancers including prostate, breast, and esophageal squamous cell cancer.
Function
This gene belongs to the homeobox family, ... | HOXC6 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 526 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,813,842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID4 | ID4 is a protein coding gene. In humans, it encodes the protein known as DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-4.
This protein is known to be involved in the regulation of many cellular processes during both prenatal development and tumorigenesis. This is inclusive of embryonic cellular growth, senescence, cellular differ... | ID4 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,884 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,813,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGHE | Ig epsilon chain C region is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHE gene.
Function
IGHE (Immunoglobulin Heavy constant Epsilon), (located on chromosome 14 for humans) has been predicted to enable antigen binding activity and immunoglobulin receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several proce... | IGHE | [
"Chemistry"
] | 604 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Protein stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins"
] |
14,813,856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGHG2 | Ig gamma-2 chain C region is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHG2 gene.
References
Further reading | IGHG2 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 29 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
14,813,883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ING2 | Inhibitor of growth protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ING2 gene.
Function
This gene is a member of the inhibitor of growth (ING) family. Members of the ING family associate with and modulate the activity of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes and function in... | ING2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 91 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,814,110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFIC%20%28gene%29 | Nuclear factor 1 C-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFIC gene.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors | NFIC (gene) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 30 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,814,267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ING4 | Inhibitor of growth protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ING4 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is similar to ING1, a tumor suppressor protein that can interact with TP53, inhibit cell growth, and induce apoptosis. This protein contains a PHD-finger, which is a common motif in protei... | ING4 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 171 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,814,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOX6 | Transcription factor SOX-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX6 gene.
Function
The SOX gene family encodes a group of transcription factors defined by the conserved high mobility group (HMG) DNA-binding domain. Unlike most transcription factors, SOX transcription factors bind to the minor groove of DNA... | SOX6 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 330 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,815,002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/40S%20ribosomal%20protein%20S4%2C%20Y%20isoform%201 | 40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS4Y1 gene.
Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct pr... | 40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 226 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
14,815,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBX2 | T-box transcription factor 2 Tbx2 is a transcription factor that is encoded by the Tbx2 gene on chromosome 17q21-22 in humans. This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. Tbx2 and Tbx3 are the only T-box transcription factors that act as tra... | TBX2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,862 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,815,568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLF10 | Krueppel-like factor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF10 gene.
See also
Kruppel-like factors
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors | KLF10 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 40 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,816,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSC22D1 | TSC22 domain family protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSC22D1 gene.
TSC22 encodes a transcription factor and belongs to the large family of early response genes.
TSC22D1 forms homodimers via its conserved leucine zipper domain and heterodimerizes with TSC22D4. TSC22D1 has transcriptional repress... | TSC22D1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 95 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,816,883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIDO1 | Death-inducer obliterator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIDO1 gene.
Function
Apoptosis, a major form of cell death, is an efficient mechanism for eliminating unwanted cells and is of central importance for development and homeostasis in metazoan animals. In mice, the death inducer-obliterator-1 gen... | DIDO1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 176 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,817,183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERF%20%28gene%29 | ETS domain-containing transcription factor ERF is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERF gene.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors | ERF (gene) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 32 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,818,071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEF2B | Myocyte enhancer binding factor 2B (MEF2B) is a transcription factor part of the MEF2 gene family including MEF2A, MEF2C, and MEF2D. However, MEF2B is distant from the other three branches of MEF2 genes as it lacks the protein-coding Holliday junction recognition protein C-terminal (HJURP_C) region in vertebrates.
Fun... | MEF2B | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 319 | [
"Protein stubs",
"Gene expression",
"Signal transduction",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Induced stem cells",
"Transcription factors"
] |
14,818,515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRRX1 | Paired related homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRRX1 gene.
Function
The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins localized to the nucleus. The protein functions as a transcription coactivator, enhancing the DNA-binding activity of seru... | PRRX1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 284 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,818,641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20nucleotide%20gated%20channel%20beta%203 | Cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3, also known as CNGB3, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein.
See also
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel
Stargardt disease
References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Achromatopsia
OMIM entries on Achromatopsia
Ion channels | Cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 80 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
14,818,749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCS1L | Mitochondrial chaperone BCS1 (BCS1L), also known as BCS1 homolog, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex chaperone (h-BCS1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCS1L gene. BCS1L is a chaperone protein involved in the assembly of Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase (complex III), which is located in the inner ... | BCS1L | [
"Biology"
] | 944 | [
"Protein domains",
"Protein classification"
] |
14,819,769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAND1 | Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAND1 gene.
A member of the HAND subclass of basic Helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, the Heart and neural crest-derived transcript-1 (HAND1) gene is vital for the development and differentiation of three ... | HAND1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,378 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,819,897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEBPG | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein gamma (C/EBPγ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPG gene. This gene has no introns.
The C/EBP family of transcription factors regulates viral and cellular CCAAT/enhancer element-mediated transcription. C/EBP proteins contain the bZIP region, which is characterized by two... | CEBPG | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 302 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
17,660,040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDX%20Format | CDX (ChemDraw Exchange) is a binary file type created by CambridgeSoft Corporation's ChemDraw chemical structure application. CDXML is the XML and preferred version of this format.
CDX is the native file format used by ChemDraw to store molecular data, such as atoms, bonds, fragments, arrows and text in a tagged binar... | CDX Format | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 112 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Chemistry software",
"Chemical file formats"
] |
17,663,305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LigandScout | LigandScout is computer software that allows creating three-dimensional (3D) pharmacophore models from structural data of macromolecule–ligand complexes, or from training and test sets of organic molecules. It incorporates a complete definition of 3D chemical features (such as hydrogen bond donors, acceptors, lipophili... | LigandScout | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 317 | [
"Molecular modelling software",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Molecular modelling",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"nan",
"Biochemistry"
] |
17,666,127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient%20equilibrium | In nuclear physics, transient equilibrium is a situation in which equilibrium is reached by a parent-daughter radioactive isotope pair where the half-life of the daughter is shorter than the half-life of the parent. Contrary to secular equilibrium, the half-life of the daughter is not negligible compared to parent's ha... | Transient equilibrium | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 353 | [
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
17,667,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20line%20%28thermodynamics%29 | In thermodynamics, a critical line is the higher-dimensional equivalent of a critical point. It is the
locus of contiguous critical points in a phase diagram. These lines cannot occur for
a single substance due to the phase rule, but they can be observed in systems with more variables, such as mixtures. Two critical l... | Critical line (thermodynamics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 88 | [
"Thermodynamics stubs",
"Physical phenomena",
"Critical phenomena",
"Thermodynamics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
17,670,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon%20antibunching | Photon antibunching generally refers to a light field with photons more equally spaced than a coherent laser field, a signature being a measured two-time correlation suppressed below that of a coherent laser field. More specifically, it can refer to sub-Poissonian photon statistics, that is a photon number distribution... | Photon antibunching | [
"Physics"
] | 688 | [
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
17,670,991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20displacement | Time displacement in sociology refers to the idea that new forms of activities may replace older ones. New activities that cause time displacement are usually technology-based, most common are the information and communication technologies such as Internet and television. Those technologies are seen as responsible for ... | Time displacement | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 271 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Time stubs",
"Quantity",
"Spacetime",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
17,671,709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography%20software | Chromatography software is called also Chromatography Data System. It is located in the data station of the modern liquid, gas or supercritical fluid chromatographic systems. This is a dedicated software connected to an hardware interface within the chromatographic system, which serves as a central hub for collecting,... | Chromatography software | [
"Chemistry"
] | 783 | [
"Chromatography",
"Chromatography software",
"Chemistry software"
] |
1,635,629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20of%20Petroleum%20Engineers | The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit professional organization.
SPE provides a worldwide forum for oil and natural gas exploration and production (E&P) professionals to exchange technical knowledge and best practices. SPE manages OnePetro and PetroWiki, in addition to publishing magaz... | Society of Petroleum Engineers | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,381 | [
"Petroleum engineering",
"Energy engineering",
"Society of Petroleum Engineers"
] |
1,636,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductive%20elimination | Reductive elimination is an elementary step in organometallic chemistry in which the oxidation state of the metal center decreases while forming a new covalent bond between two ligands. It is the microscopic reverse of oxidative addition, and is often the product-forming step in many catalytic processes. Since oxidativ... | Reductive elimination | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,329 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Redox",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Electrochemistry",
"nan",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
1,636,763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative%20addition | Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are two important and related classes of reactions in organometallic chemistry. Oxidative addition is a process that increases both the oxidation state and coordination number of a metal centre. Oxidative addition is often a step in catalytic cycles, in conjunction with its ... | Oxidative addition | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,285 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Redox",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Electrochemistry",
"nan",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
1,637,306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose%20triacetate | Cellulose triacetate, triacetate, CTA or TAC is a chemical compound produced from cellulose and a source of acetate esters, typically acetic anhydride. Triacetate is commonly used for the creation of fibres and film base. It is chemically similar to cellulose acetate. Its distinguishing characteristic is that in triac... | Cellulose triacetate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 847 | [
"Synthetic materials",
"Synthetic fibers"
] |
1,637,397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorefinery | A biorefinery is a refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial byproducts (such as chemicals). The International Energy Agency Bioenergy Task 42 defined biorefining as "the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products (food, feed, chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (biofuel... | Biorefinery | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,170 | [
"Petroleum",
"Biofuels technology",
"Oil refineries",
"Oil refining"
] |
1,638,328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%20wave | Faraday waves, also known as Faraday ripples, named after Michael Faraday (1791–1867), are nonlinear standing waves that appear on liquids enclosed by a vibrating receptacle. When the vibration frequency exceeds a critical value, the flat hydrostatic surface becomes unstable. This is known as the Faraday instability. ... | Faraday wave | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 492 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Chemical engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,638,614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocimetry | Velocimetry is the measurement of the velocity of fluids. This is a task often taken for granted, and involves far more complex processes than one might expect. It is often used to solve fluid dynamics problems, study fluid networks, in industrial and process control applications, as well as in the creation of new kind... | Velocimetry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,443 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Quantity",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
15,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoelectric%20point | The isoelectric point (pI, pH(I), IEP), is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge or is electrically neutral in the statistical mean. The standard nomenclature to represent the isoelectric point is pH(I). However, pI is also used. For brevity, this article uses pI. The net charge on the molecule i... | Isoelectric point | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,619 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Ions",
"Matter",
"Molecular biology"
] |
15,097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere | The ionosphere () is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about to above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the ... | Ionosphere | [
"Physics"
] | 6,494 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
15,112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%20interference | In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater intensity (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are i... | Wave interference | [
"Physics"
] | 4,055 | [
"Wave mechanics",
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics"
] |
15,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercalation%20%28timekeeping%29 | Intercalation or embolism in timekeeping is the insertion of a leap day, week, or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follow the seasons or moon phases. Lunisolar calendars may require intercalations of days or months.
Solar calendars
The solar or tropical year does not have a whole number of days (i... | Intercalation (timekeeping) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,094 | [
"Calendars",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Units of time",
"Quantity",
"Spacetime",
"Units of measurement"
] |
15,303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20channel | Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory a... | Ion channel | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,437 | [
"Cell communication",
"Protein classification",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Protein families",
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
15,343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intron | An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. T... | Intron | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,566 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
15,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared%20spectroscopy | Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection. It is used to study and identify chemical substances or functional groups in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. It can be used to characterize... | Infrared spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,159 | [
"Infrared spectroscopy",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
15,417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermolecular%20force | An intermolecular force (IMF; also secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction
or repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g. atoms or ions. Intermolecular forces are weak relative to intramolecular f... | Intermolecular force | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,353 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Materials science",
"Intermolecular forces",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Chemical bonding"
] |
15,445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy%20%28information%20theory%29 | In information theory, the entropy of a random variable quantifies the average level of uncertainty or information associated with the variable's potential states or possible outcomes. This measures the expected amount of information needed to describe the state of the variable, considering the distribution of probabil... | Entropy (information theory) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 8,192 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Applied mathematics",
"Entropy and information",
"Computer science",
"Entropy",
"Information theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
15,476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20protocol%20suite | The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UD... | Internet protocol suite | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,809 | [
"Network architecture",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
15,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20von%20Neumann | John von Neumann ( ; ; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian and American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist and engineer. Von Neumann had perhaps the widest coverage of any mathematician of his time, integrating pure and applied sciences and making major contributions to many fields, includi... | John von Neumann | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 18,263 | [
"Algebraists",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum physicists",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Game theory",
"Fluid dynamicists",
"Game theorists",
"Theoretical physicists",
"Algebra",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
15,944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet%20engine | A jet engine is a type of reaction engine, discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition may include rocket, water jet, and hybrid propulsion, the term typically refers to an internal combustion air-breathing jet engine such as a turbojet... | Jet engine | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 7,348 | [
"Turbomachinery",
"Engines",
"Gas compressors",
"Gas turbines",
"Engineering thermodynamics",
"Chemical equipment",
"Chemical engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Jet engines",
"Thermodynamics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
16,500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Pople | Sir John Anthony Pople (31 October 1925 – 15 March 2004) was a British theoretical chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Walter Kohn in 1998 for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry.
Early life and education
Pople was born in Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, and attended the Bris... | John Pople | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,177 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Theoretical chemists",
"Physical chemists"
] |
16,511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus%20kinase | Janus kinase (JAK) is a family of intracellular, non-receptor tyrosine kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals via the JAK-STAT pathway. They were initially named "just another kinase" 1 and 2 (since they were just two of many discoveries in a PCR-based screen of kinases), but were ultimately published as "Jan... | Janus kinase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,052 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
16,565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones%20calculus | In optics, polarized light can be described using the Jones calculus, invented by R. C. Jones in 1941. Polarized light is represented by a Jones vector, and linear optical elements are represented by Jones matrices. When light crosses an optical element the resulting polarization of the emerging light is found by takin... | Jones calculus | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,170 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Astrophysics",
"Matrices (mathematics)",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Polarization (waves)",
" and optical physics"
] |
16,972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%E2%80%93Arnold%E2%80%93Moser%20theorem | The Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) theorem is a result in dynamical systems about the persistence of quasiperiodic motions under small perturbations. The theorem partly resolves the small-divisor problem that arises in the perturbation theory of classical mechanics.
The problem is whether or not a small perturbation o... | Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,221 | [
"Theorems in dynamical systems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Computer-assisted proofs",
"Theoretical physics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Hamiltonian mechanics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
9,693,784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couch%20surfing | Couch surfing is a term that generally indicates the practice of moving from house to house, sleeping in whatever spare space is available (often a couch or floor), generally staying a few days before moving on to another house. People sometimes couch surf when they are travelling or because they are homeless.
Couch s... | Couch surfing | [
"Biology"
] | 683 | [
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
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