id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,370,766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion%20beam%20analysis | Ion beam analysis (IBA) is an important family of modern analytical techniques involving the use of MeV ion beams to probe the composition and obtain elemental depth profiles in the near-surface layer of solids. IBA is not restricted to MeV energy ranges. It can be operated at low energy (<Kev) using techniques such as... | Ion beam analysis | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,737 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
2,371,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20Assistive%20Limb | The Hybrid Assistive Limb (also known as HAL) is a powered, soft-bodied exoskeleton suit developed by Japan's Tsukuba University and the robotics company Cyberdyne. It is designed to support and expand the physical capabilities of its users, particularly people with physical disabilities. There are two primary versions... | Hybrid Assistive Limb | [
"Biology"
] | 1,063 | [
"Medical robotics",
"Medical technology"
] |
2,371,378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surroundings | Surroundings, or environs is an area around a given physical or geographical point or place. The exact definition depends on the field. Surroundings can also be used in geography (when it is more precisely known as vicinity, or vicinage) and mathematics, as well as philosophy, with the literal or metaphorically extend... | Surroundings | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 159 | [
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,372,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination%20polymerization | Coordination polymerisation is a form of polymerization that is catalyzed by transition metal salts and complexes.
Types of coordination polymerization of alkenes
Heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta polymerization
Coordination polymerization started in the 1950s with heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts based on titanium te... | Coordination polymerization | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 705 | [
"Polymerization reactions",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
2,372,548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20science | Polymer science or macromolecular science is a subfield of materials science concerned with polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers. The field of polymer science includes researchers in multiple disciplines including chemistry, physics, and engineering.
Subdisciplines
This science compr... | Polymer science | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,129 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Soft matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Polymer chemistry",
"nan",
"Polymers"
] |
3,253,502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%20854-1987 | The IEEE Standard for Radix-Independent Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 854), was the first Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) international standard for floating-point arithmetic with radices other than 2, including radix 10. IEEE 854 did not specify any data formats, whereas IEEE 754-1985 did s... | IEEE 854-1987 | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 246 | [
"Computer arithmetic",
"Computer standards",
"Arithmetic",
"IEEE standards"
] |
3,254,125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20quality | Energy quality is a measure of the ease with which a form of energy can be converted to useful work or to another form of energy: i.e. its content of thermodynamic free energy. A high quality form of energy has a high content of thermodynamic free energy, and therefore a high proportion of it can be converted to work; ... | Energy quality | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,911 | [
"Energy economics",
"Industrial engineering",
"Environmental economics",
"Thermodynamics",
"Environmental engineering",
"Industrial ecology",
"Environmental social science",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
3,254,460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20Medical%20Research%20Centre | The Unknown Matter Researcher Corporation (UMRC) is an independent non-profit organization founded in 1997 to provide objective and expert scientific and medical research, and radionuclides produced by the process of radioactive decay and fission. UMRC is also a registered charity in the United States and Canada. The f... | Uranium Medical Research Centre | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 274 | [
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
3,255,137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papanicolaou%20stain | Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic (multicolored) cytological staining technique developed by George Papanicolaou in 1942. The Papanicolaou stain is one of the most widely used stains in cytology, where it is used to aid pathologists in making a diagnosis. Although most not... | Papanicolaou stain | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,151 | [
"Staining",
"Microbiology techniques",
"nan",
"Microscopy",
"Cell imaging",
"Histopathology"
] |
3,255,700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gain%E2%80%93bandwidth%20product | The gain–bandwidth product (designated as GBWP, GBW, GBP, or GB) for an amplifier is a figure of merit calculated by multiplying the amplifier's bandwidth and the gain at which the bandwidth is measured.
For devices such as operational amplifiers that are designed to have a simple one-pole frequency response, the gain... | Gain–bandwidth product | [
"Technology"
] | 685 | [
"Electronic amplifiers",
"Amplifiers"
] |
3,255,966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20technology | Health technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives". This includes pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures, and organization... | Health technology | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 5,323 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Medical technology",
"Biomedical engineering"
] |
3,257,325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20descent | Double descent in statistics and machine learning is the phenomenon where a model with a small number of parameters and a model with an extremely large number of parameters have a small test error, but a model whose number of parameters is about the same as the number of data points used to train the model will have a ... | Double descent | [
"Engineering"
] | 302 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Machine learning"
] |
201,689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene | Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene.
Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefins and is partially crystalline and non-polar. Its properties are similar to polyet... | Polypropylene | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,967 | [
"Commodity chemicals",
"Products of chemical industry",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Materials",
"Dielectrics",
"Amorphous solids",
"Matter",
"Plastics"
] |
201,718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle%20of%20maximum%20entropy | The principle of maximum entropy states that the probability distribution which best represents the current state of knowledge about a system is the one with largest entropy, in the context of precisely stated prior data (such as a proposition that expresses testable information).
Another way of stating this: Take pr... | Principle of maximum entropy | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,322 | [
"Mathematical principles",
"Physical quantities",
"Entropy and information",
"Entropy",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
202,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular%20aperture | The angular aperture of a lens is the angular size of the lens aperture as seen from the focal point:
where
is the focal length
is the diameter of the aperture.
Relation to numerical aperture
In a medium with an index of refraction close to 1, such as air, the angular aperture is approximately equal to twice the... | Angular aperture | [
"Physics"
] | 115 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Angle"
] |
202,120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterweight | A counterweight is a weight that, by applying an opposite force, provides balance and stability of a mechanical system. The purpose of a counterweight is to make lifting the load faster and more efficient, which saves energy and causes less wear and tear on the lifting machine.
Counterweights are often used in tractio... | Counterweight | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 751 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Force",
"Exploratory engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Bridge components",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Size",
"Space elevator",
"Weights",
"Physical objects",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities... |
202,522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing%20radiation | Ionizing radiation (US, ionising radiation in the UK), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel up to 99% of the speed of light, and the electromagnetic waves... | Ionizing radiation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 6,995 | [
"Ionizing radiation",
"Physical phenomena",
"Radiation health effects",
"Toxicology",
"Radiobiology",
"Radiation effects",
"Radiation",
"Nuclear physics",
"Carcinogens",
"Radioactivity"
] |
202,584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20physics | Medical physics deals with the application of the concepts and methods of physics to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases with a specific goal of improving human health and well-being. Since 2008, medical physics has been included as a health profession according to International Standard Classific... | Medical physics | [
"Physics"
] | 2,755 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Medical physics"
] |
202,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20parallax | Stellar parallax is the apparent shift of position (parallax) of any nearby star (or other object) against the background of distant stars. By extension, it is a method for determining the distance to the star through trigonometry, the stellar parallax method. Created by the different orbital positions of Earth, the ex... | Stellar parallax | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,552 | [
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Astrometry",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
202,672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20density | In signal processing, the power spectrum of a continuous time signal describes the distribution of power into frequency components composing that signal. According to Fourier analysis, any physical signal can be decomposed into a number of discrete frequencies, or a spectrum of frequencies over a continuous range. ... | Spectral density | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,896 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Radio spectrum",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Molecular physics",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves",
"Scattering",
"Motion (physic... |
202,713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardized%20moment | In probability theory and statistics, a standardized moment of a probability distribution is a moment (often a higher degree central moment) that is normalized, typically by a power of the standard deviation, rendering the moment scale invariant. The shape of different probability distributions can be compared using st... | Standardized moment | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 327 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Moments (mathematics)",
"Physical quantities",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
202,722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20contraction | In multilinear algebra, a tensor contraction is an operation on a tensor that arises from the canonical pairing of a vector space and its dual. In components, it is expressed as a sum of products of scalar components of the tensor(s) caused by applying the summation convention to a pair of dummy indices that are bound ... | Tensor contraction | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,573 | [
"Tensors"
] |
202,840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjugate%20matrix | In linear algebra, the adjugate or classical adjoint of a square matrix , , is the transpose of its cofactor matrix. It is occasionally known as adjunct matrix, or "adjoint", though that normally refers to a different concept, the adjoint operator which for a matrix is the conjugate transpose.
The product of a matrix ... | Adjugate matrix | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,423 | [
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
202,886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance%20and%20contravariance%20of%20vectors | In physics, especially in multilinear algebra and tensor analysis, covariance and contravariance describe how the quantitative description of certain geometric or physical entities changes with a change of basis. Briefly, a contravariant vector is a list of numbers that transforms oppositely to a change of basis, and ... | Covariance and contravariance of vectors | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,813 | [
"Tensors"
] |
203,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20harmonics | In mathematics and physical science, spherical harmonics are special functions defined on the surface of a sphere. They are often employed in solving partial differential equations in many scientific fields. The table of spherical harmonics contains a list of common spherical harmonics.
Since the spherical harmonics f... | Spherical harmonics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 6,963 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Rotational symmetry",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Symmetry",
" and optical physics"
] |
203,174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20gas | In physics, engineering, and physical chemistry, a perfect gas is a theoretical gas model that differs from real gases in specific ways that makes certain calculations easier to handle. In all perfect gas models, intermolecular forces are neglected. This means that one can neglect many complications that may arise from... | Perfect gas | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,063 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases",
"Phases of matter",
"Matter"
] |
203,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark%20star | A quark star is a hypothetical type of compact, exotic star, where extremely high core temperature and pressure have forced nuclear particles to form quark matter, a continuous state of matter consisting of free quarks.
Background
Some massive stars collapse to form neutron stars at the end of their life cycle, as h... | Quark star | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,726 | [
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Astronomical classification systems",
"Star types",
"Matter"
] |
203,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt%20W%C3%BCthrich | Kurt Wüthrich (born 4 October 1938 in Aarberg, Canton of Bern) is a Swiss chemist/biophysicist and Nobel Chemistry laureate, known for developing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods for studying biological macromolecules.
Education and early life
Born in Aarberg, Switzerland, Wüthrich was educated in chemistry, ... | Kurt Wüthrich | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 925 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
203,359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20resonance | Magnetic resonance is a process by which a physical excitation (resonance) is set up via magnetism.
This process was used to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS) technology.
It is also being used to develop nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computers.
History
... | Magnetic resonance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 351 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Magnetic resonance imaging",
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs"
] |
203,433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders%20of%20magnitude%20%28length%29 | The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths.
Overview
Detailed list
To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various lengths between meters and meters.
Subatomic scale
Atomic to cellular scale
Cellular to human scale
Human to astronomical scale
Astr... | Orders of magnitude (length) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 16,723 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Distance",
"Quantity",
"Size",
"Length",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Orders of magnitude",
"Units of measurement"
] |
203,875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders%20of%20magnitude%20%28mass%29 | To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10−67 kg and 1052 kg. The least massive thing listed here is a graviton, and the most massive thing is the observable universe. Typically, an object having greater mass will also have greater weight (see mass versu... | Orders of magnitude (mass) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 562 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Units of measurement",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Size",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Orders of magnitude",
"Matter"
] |
204,464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive%20and%20extensive%20properties | Physical or chemical properties of materials and systems can often be categorized as being either intensive or extensive, according to how the property changes when the size (or extent) of the system changes.
The terms "intensive and extensive quantities" were introduced into physics by German mathematician Georg Helm ... | Intensive and extensive properties | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,313 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Chemical quantities",
"Thermodynamics",
"Physical properties"
] |
204,469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs%E2%80%93Helmholtz%20equation | The Gibbs–Helmholtz equation is a thermodynamic equation used to calculate changes in the Gibbs free energy of a system as a function of temperature. It was originally presented in an 1882 paper entitled "Die Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge" by Hermann von Helmholtz. It describes how the Gibbs free energy, which was ... | Gibbs–Helmholtz equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 663 | [
"Thermodynamic equations",
"Equations of physics",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
1,118,408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTech | VTech Holdings Limited (an abbreviation of Video Technology Limited or simply VTech) is a Hong Kongese company of children's electronic learning products. It is the world's largest manufacturer of baby monitors and cordless phones. It was founded in October 1976 by Allan Wong (Chi-Yun) and Stephen Leung.
Name and list... | VTech | [
"Technology"
] | 2,241 | [
"Computer hardware companies",
"Computers"
] |
1,120,353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin%202 | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system. It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. IL-2 is part of the body's natural response to micro... | Interleukin 2 | [
"Biology"
] | 4,171 | [
"Immunology"
] |
1,121,381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectocarpene | Ectocarpene is the rearrangement product of pre-ectocarpene, the sexual attractant, or pheromone, found with several species of brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Ectocarpene has a fruity scent and can be sensed by humans when millions of algae gametes swarm the seawater and the females start emitting the substance's precurso... | Ectocarpene | [
"Chemistry"
] | 420 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Hydrocarbons",
"Pheromones",
"Chemical ecology"
] |
1,121,564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston%20valve | A piston valve is a device used to control the motion of a fluid or gas along a tube or pipe by means of the linear motion of a piston within a chamber or cylinder.
Examples of piston valves are:
The valves used in many brass instruments
The valves used for pneumatic propulsion
The valves used in many stationary st... | Piston valve | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 518 | [
"Physical systems",
"Valves",
"Hydraulics",
"Piping"
] |
1,121,570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary%20valve | A rotary valve (also called rotary-motion valve) is a type of valve in which the rotation of a passage or passages in a transverse plug regulates the flow of liquid or gas through the attached pipes. The common stopcock is the simplest form of rotary valve. Rotary valves have been applied in numerous applications, incl... | Rotary valve | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,022 | [
"Physical systems",
"Valves",
"Hydraulics",
"Piping"
] |
1,121,587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schur%20multiplier | In mathematical group theory, the Schur multiplier or Schur multiplicator is the second homology group of a group G. It was introduced by in his work on projective representations.
Examples and properties
The Schur multiplier of a finite group G is a finite abelian group whose exponent divides the order of G. If a... | Schur multiplier | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,582 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Homological algebra"
] |
1,121,647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom%20of%20real%20determinacy | In mathematics, the axiom of real determinacy (abbreviated as ADR) is an axiom in set theory. It states the following:
The axiom of real determinacy is a stronger version of the axiom of determinacy (AD), which makes the same statement about games where both players choose integers; ADR is inconsistent with the axiom ... | Axiom of real determinacy | [
"Mathematics"
] | 129 | [
"Game theory",
"Axioms of set theory",
"Determinacy",
"Mathematical axioms"
] |
5,860,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUSHRA | MUSHRA stands for Multiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor and is a methodology for conducting a codec listening test to evaluate the perceived quality of the output from lossy audio compression algorithms. It is defined by ITU-R recommendation BS.1534-3. The MUSHRA methodology is recommended for assessing "in... | MUSHRA | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,034 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Psychophysics"
] |
5,861,496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuson | In condensed matter physics, the diffuson is a disorder-averaged electron-hole propagator, a mathematical object which often appears in the theory of disordered electronic systems. The poles of the propagator can be identified with diffusion modes.
In a disordered system, the motion of an electron is not ballistic, bu... | Diffuson | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 175 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Materials science stubs",
"Diffusion",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Condensed matter stubs",
"Mesoscopic physics"
] |
5,861,757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20localization | Weak localization is a physical effect which occurs in disordered electronic systems at very low temperatures. The effect manifests itself as a positive correction to the resistivity of a metal or semiconductor. The name emphasizes the fact that weak localization is a precursor of Anderson localization, which occurs at... | Weak localization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 913 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Mesoscopic physics",
"Matter"
] |
17,943,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersed%20boundary%20method | In computational fluid dynamics, the immersed boundary method originally referred to an approach developed by Charles Peskin in 1972 to simulate fluid-structure (fiber) interactions. Treating the coupling of the structure deformations and the fluid flow poses a number of challenging problems for numerical simulations (... | Immersed boundary method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 911 | [
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Computational physics",
"Civil engineering",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,421,352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloron | In mathematical physics, a caloron is the finite temperature generalization of an instanton.
Finite temperature and instantons
At zero temperature, instantons are the name given to solutions of the classical equations of motion of the Euclidean version of the theory under consideration, and which are furthermore local... | Caloron | [
"Physics"
] | 365 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
4,421,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Mandelstam | Stanley Mandelstam (; 12 December 1928 – 23 June 2016) was a South African theoretical physicist. He introduced the relativistically invariant Mandelstam variables into particle physics in 1958 as a convenient coordinate system for formulating his double dispersion relations. The double dispersion relations were a cent... | Stanley Mandelstam | [
"Physics"
] | 718 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Particle physicists",
"Particle physics",
"Theoretical physicists"
] |
4,423,830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane%20monooxygenase | Methane monooxygenase (MMO) is an enzyme capable of oxidizing the C-H bond in methane as well as other alkanes. Methane monooxygenase belongs to the class of oxidoreductase enzymes ().
There are two forms of MMO: the well-studied soluble form (sMMO) and the particulate form (pMMO). The active site in sMMO contains a d... | Methane monooxygenase | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,664 | [
"Metalloproteins",
"Oxidoreductases",
"Bioinorganic chemistry"
] |
12,320,384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory%20of%20impetus | The theory of impetus is an auxiliary or secondary theory of Aristotelian dynamics, put forth initially to explain projectile motion against gravity. It was introduced by John Philoponus in the 6th century, and elaborated by Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji at the end of the 12th century. The theory was modified by Avicenna in th... | Theory of impetus | [
"Physics"
] | 3,966 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Obsolete theories in physics"
] |
12,321,977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale%20oil%20extraction | Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for unconventional oil production. This process converts kerogen in oil shale into shale oil by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. The resultant shale oil is used as fuel oil or upgraded to meet refinery feedstock specifications by adding hydrogen and remov... | Shale oil extraction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 6,229 | [
"Petroleum technology",
"Oil shale technology",
"Synthetic fuel technologies"
] |
12,324,611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20Cajal%20body-specific%20RNA | Small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs) are a class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that specifically localise to the Cajal body, a nuclear organelle (cellular sub-organelle) involved in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs or snurps). ScaRNAs guide the modification (methylation and pseudouri... | Small Cajal body-specific RNA | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 529 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Biochemistry"
] |
12,324,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean%20conjunctive%20query | In the theory of relational databases, a Boolean conjunctive query is a conjunctive query without distinguished predicates, i.e., a query in the form , where each is a relation symbol and each is a tuple of variables and constants; the number of elements in is equal to the arity of . Such a query evaluates to eithe... | Boolean conjunctive query | [
"Mathematics"
] | 206 | [
"Boolean algebra",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical logic"
] |
12,325,841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous%20drugs | In pharmacology, hazardous drugs are drugs that are known to cause harm, which may or may not include genotoxicity (the ability to cause a change or mutation in genetic material). Genotoxicity might involve carcinogenicity, the ability to cause cancer in animal models, humans or both; teratogenicity, which is the abili... | Hazardous drugs | [
"Chemistry"
] | 610 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug safety",
"Clinical pharmacology",
"Pharmacy"
] |
12,327,015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persoz%20pendulum | A Persoz pendulum is a device used for measuring hardness of materials. The instrument consists of a pendulum which is free to swing on two balls resting on a coated test panel. The pendulum hardness test is based on the principle that the amplitude of the pendulum's oscillation will decrease more quickly when supporte... | Persoz pendulum | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 276 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Coatings",
"Hardness instruments",
"Materials science",
"Measuring instruments",
"nan"
] |
12,328,822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation%20coefficient | The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A coefficient value that is large represents a beam becoming 'attenuated' as it passes thro... | Attenuation coefficient | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,025 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Physical properties",
"Radiometry"
] |
11,368,321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDK7%20pathway | CDK7 is a cyclin-dependent kinase shown to be not easily classified. CDK7 is both a CDK-activating kinase (CAK) and a component of the general transcription factor TFIIH.
Introduction
An intricate network of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is organized in a pathway to ensure that each cell accurately replicates its DN... | CDK7 pathway | [
"Biology"
] | 2,342 | [
"Cell cycle",
"Cellular processes"
] |
11,369,079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nappe%20%28water%29 | In hydraulic engineering, a nappe is a sheet or curtain of water that flows over a weir or dam. The upper and lower water surface have well-defined characteristics that are created by the crest of a dam or weir. Both structures have different features that characterize how a nappe might flow through or over impervious... | Nappe (water) | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 831 | [
"Hydrology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
11,370,573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20splitter | A flow splitter, in hydraulic engineering, is any device designed to break up the flow of water or nappe over a dam wall or weir. Flow splitters are used to reduce the likelihood of nappe vibration that might cause the failure of a dam wall by aerating the water flow. They are also used to restrict large flows of stor... | Flow splitter | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 163 | [
"Hydrology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
11,371,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation%20value%20%28quantum%20mechanics%29 | In quantum mechanics, the expectation value is the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment. It can be thought of as an average of all the possible outcomes of a measurement as weighted by their likelihood, and as such it is not the most probable value of a measurement; indeed the expec... | Expectation value (quantum mechanics) | [
"Physics"
] | 1,386 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
18,991,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20equation | In mathematics, dynamic equation can refer to:
difference equation in discrete time
differential equation in continuous time
time scale calculus in combined discrete and continuous time
Dynamical systems | Dynamic equation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 33 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
18,993,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid | Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter along with liquid, gas, and plasma. The molecules in a solid are closely packed together and contain the least amount of kinetic energy. A solid is characterized by structural rigidity (as in rigid bodies) and resistance to a force applied to the surface. Unlike a l... | Solid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 6,026 | [
"Solids",
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
18,993,825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid | A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure. It is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape.
The density ... | Liquid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 6,449 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Phases of matter",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Viscosity",
"Physical properties",
"Matter",
"Liquids"
] |
18,993,869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas | Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter. The others are solid, liquid, and plasma. A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). A gas mixture... | Gas | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 7,151 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases",
"Phases of matter",
"Matter"
] |
18,995,926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifting%20gas | A lifting gas or lighter-than-air gas is a gas that has a density lower than normal atmospheric gases and rises above them as a result, making it useful in lifting lighter-than-air aircraft. Only certain lighter than air gases are suitable as lifting gases. Dry air has a density of about 1.29 g/L (gram per liter) at st... | Lifting gas | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,991 | [
"Matter",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
"Phases of matter",
"Mass",
"Volume-specific quantities",
"Density",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Mass density",
"Gases"
] |
18,996,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuregulin%203 | Neuregulin 3, also known as NRG3, is a neural-enriched member of the neuregulin protein family which in humans is encoded by the NRG3 gene. The NRGs are a group of signaling proteins part of the superfamily of epidermal growth factor, EGF like polypeptide growth factor. These groups of proteins possess an 'EGF-like dom... | Neuregulin 3 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,428 | [
"Neurotrophic factors",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
18,996,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIE1 | Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1 also known as TIE1 is an angiopoietin receptor which in humans is encoded by the TIE1 gene.
Function
TIE1 is a cell surface protein expressed exclusively in endothelial cells, however it has also been shown to be expressed in immature hematopoietic cell... | TIE1 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 184 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Signal transduction",
"Molecular biology",
"Proteins",
"Tyrosine kinase receptors"
] |
18,998,319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6der%E2%80%93Bernstein%20theorem%20for%20measurable%20spaces | The Cantor–Bernstein–Schroeder theorem of set theory has a counterpart for measurable spaces, sometimes called the Borel Schroeder–Bernstein theorem, since measurable spaces are also called Borel spaces. This theorem, whose proof is quite easy, is instrumental when proving that two measurable spaces are isomorphic. The... | Schröder–Bernstein theorem for measurable spaces | [
"Mathematics"
] | 612 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in measure theory",
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
16,766,322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akan%20goldweights | Akan goldweights (locally known as mrammou or abrammuo) are weights made of brass used as a measuring system by the Akan people of West Africa, particularly for wei and fair-trade arrangements with one another. The status of a man increased significantly if he owned a complete set of weights. Complete small sets of wei... | Akan goldweights | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,790 | [
"Measuring instruments"
] |
16,767,087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cure | A cure is a substance or procedure that ends a medical condition, such as a medication, a surgical operation, a change in lifestyle or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person's sufferings; or the state of being healed, or cured. The medical condition could be a disease, mental illness, genetic disorder, or... | Cure | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,595 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Drugs",
"Products of chemical industry"
] |
16,768,458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posidonia%20australis | Posidonia australis, also known as fibre-ball weed or ribbon weed, is a species of seagrass that occurs in the southern waters of Australia. It forms large meadows important to environmental conservation. Balls of decomposing detritus from the foliage are found along nearby shore-lines.
In 2022, a single stand in Shar... | Posidonia australis | [
"Biology"
] | 890 | [
"Largest organisms",
"Organism size"
] |
16,770,101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20non-coding%20RNA | Long non-coding RNAs (long ncRNAs, lncRNA) are a type of RNA, generally defined as transcripts more than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into protein. This arbitrary limit distinguishes long ncRNAs from small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (p... | Long non-coding RNA | [
"Biology"
] | 7,769 | [
"nan",
"Biotechnology"
] |
15,044,544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrroline | Pyrrolines, also known under the name dihydropyrroles, are three different heterocyclic organic chemical compounds that differ in the position of the double bond. Pyrrolines are formally derived from the aromate pyrrole by hydrogenation. 1-Pyrroline is a cyclic imine, whereas 2-pyrroline and 3-pyrroline are cyclic amin... | Pyrroline | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 305 | [
"Senescence",
"Carbohydrates",
"Advanced glycation end-products",
"Biomolecules"
] |
15,054,348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-phase%20steel | Dual-phase steel (DP steel) is a high-strength steel that has a ferritic–martensitic microstructure.
DP steels are produced from low or medium carbon steels that are quenched from a temperature above A1 but below A3 determined from continuous cooling transformation diagram.
This results in a microstructure consisting o... | Dual-phase steel | [
"Engineering"
] | 514 | [
"Steels",
"Vehicle technology",
"Alloys",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline"
] |
15,054,768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degasperis%E2%80%93Procesi%20equation | In mathematical physics, the Degasperis–Procesi equation
is one of only two exactly solvable equations in the following family of third-order, non-linear, dispersive PDEs:
where and b are real parameters (b=3 for the Degasperis–Procesi equation). It was discovered by Antonio Degasperis and Michela Procesi in a se... | Degasperis–Procesi equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 463 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Mathematical physics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
7,667,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%20suspension | An active suspension is a type of automotive suspension that uses an onboard control system to control the vertical movement of the vehicle's wheels and axles relative to the chassis or vehicle frame, rather than the conventional passive suspension that relies solely on large springs to maintain static support and damp... | Active suspension | [
"Physics"
] | 3,756 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical power control"
] |
7,671,120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta%20Orionis | The Bayer designation θ Orionis (Theta Orionis) is shared by several astronomical objects, located near RA DEC :
θ1 Orionis (41 Orionis), the Trapezium Cluster, an open star cluster, the Orion OB Association 1d
θ1 Orionis A (41 Orionis A, HD 37020, V1016 Orionis), a trinary star system
θ1 Orionis B (41 Orionis B, ... | Theta Orionis | [
"Astronomy"
] | 344 | [
"Constellations",
"Orion (constellation)"
] |
7,672,374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20protein%20structure%20prediction%20software | This list of protein structure prediction software summarizes notable used software tools in protein structure prediction, including homology modeling, protein threading, ab initio methods, secondary structure prediction, and transmembrane helix and signal peptide prediction.
Software list
Below is a list which sepa... | List of protein structure prediction software | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 155 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Lists of software",
"Computing-related lists",
"Protein methods",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Structural biology",
"Protein structure"
] |
13,950,019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20calendar | The civil calendar is the calendar, or possibly one of several calendars, used within a country for civil, official, or administrative purposes. The civil calendar is almost always used for general purposes by people and private organizations.
The most widespread civil calendar and de facto international standard is t... | Civil calendar | [
"Physics"
] | 384 | [
"Spacetime",
"Calendars",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
13,952,850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-piston%20engine | A free-piston engine is a linear, 'crankless' internal combustion engine, in which the piston motion is not controlled by a crankshaft but determined by the interaction of forces from the combustion chamber gases, a rebound device (e.g., a piston in a closed cylinder) and a load device (e.g. a gas compressor or a linea... | Free-piston engine | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,216 | [
"Internal combustion engine",
"Machines",
"Engines",
"Piston engines",
"Combustion engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Engine technology"
] |
13,953,779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%27s%20equation | Hudson's equation, also known as Hudson formula, is an equation used by coastal engineers to calculate the minimum size of riprap (armourstone) required to provide satisfactory stability characteristics for rubble structures such as breakwaters under attack from storm wave conditions.
The equation was developed by the... | Hudson's equation | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 674 | [
"Coastal engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations"
] |
13,957,273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAS1 | MAS proto-oncogene, or MAS1 proto-oncogene, G protein-coupled receptor (MRGA, MAS, MGRA), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAS1 gene.
The structure of the MAS1 product indicates that it belongs to the class of receptors that are coupled to GTP-binding proteins and share a conserved structural motif, which ... | MAS1 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 300 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
13,958,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirus%20translation | Rotavirus translation, the process of translating mRNA into proteins, occurs in a different way in Rotaviruses. Unlike the vast majority of cellular proteins in other organisms, in Rotaviruses the proteins are translated from capped but nonpolyadenylated mRNAs. The viral nonstructural protein NSP3 specifically binds ... | Rotavirus translation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 381 | [
"Protein biosynthesis",
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Biosynthesis",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
2,375,025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%20dioxide | Lead(IV) oxide, commonly known as lead dioxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is an oxide where lead is in an oxidation state of +4. It is a dark-brown solid which is insoluble in water. It exists in two crystalline forms. It has several important applications in electrochemistry, in particula... | Lead dioxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,409 | [
"Redox",
"Oxides",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Salts"
] |
2,375,338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20tetrafluoride | Tetrafluoromethane, also known as carbon tetrafluoride or R-14, is the simplest perfluorocarbon (CF4). As its IUPAC name indicates, tetrafluoromethane is the perfluorinated counterpart to the hydrocarbon methane. It can also be classified as a haloalkane or halomethane. Tetrafluoromethane is a useful refrigerant but al... | Carbon tetrafluoride | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,138 | [
"Greenhouse gases",
"Environmental chemistry"
] |
2,375,391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20manifold | A hydraulic manifold is a component that regulates fluid flow between pumps and actuators and other components in a hydraulic system. It is like a switchboard in an electrical circuit because it lets the operator control how much fluid flows between which components of a hydraulic machinery. For example, in a backhoe l... | Hydraulic manifold | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 209 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Fluid mechanics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,375,824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihedral%20group%20of%20order%206 | In mathematics, D3 (sometimes alternatively denoted by D6) is the dihedral group of degree 3 and order 6. It equals the symmetric group S3. It is also the smallest non-abelian group.
This page illustrates many group concepts using this group as example.
Symmetries of an equilateral triangle
The dihedral group D3 is t... | Dihedral group of order 6 | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,927 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebraic structures",
"Finite groups"
] |
2,376,008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwang | In construction, a dwang (Scotland and New Zealand), nogging piece, nogging, noggin or nog (England and Australia; all derived from brick nog), or blocking (North America), is a horizontal bracing piece used between wall studs to give rigidity to the wall frames of a building. Noggings may be made of timber, steel, or ... | Dwang | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 316 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Structural system",
"Civil engineering",
"Architecture stubs",
"Architecture"
] |
2,376,516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke%20hood | A smoke hood, also called an Air-Purifying Respiratory Protective Smoke Escape Device (RPED), is a hood wherein a transparent airtight bag seals around the head of the wearer while an air filter held in the mouth connects to the outside atmosphere and is used to breathe. Smoke hoods are a class of emergency breathing a... | Smoke hood | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 899 | [
"Safety engineering",
"Personal protective equipment",
"Environmental social science"
] |
2,376,557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering%20plastic | Engineering plastics are a group of plastic materials that have better mechanical or thermal properties than the more widely used commodity plastics (such as polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyethylene).
Engineering plastics are more expensive than standard plastics, therefore they are produced in... | Engineering plastic | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 593 | [
"Polymer stubs",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Amorphous solids",
"Organic chemistry stubs",
"Plastics"
] |
2,377,273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20requirement | In software engineering and systems engineering, a functional requirement defines a function of a system or its component, where a function is described as a summary (or specification or statement) of behavior between inputs and outputs.
Functional requirements may involve calculations, technical details, data manipul... | Functional requirement | [
"Engineering"
] | 588 | [
"Software engineering",
"Systems engineering",
"Software requirements"
] |
2,377,391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuse%20%28hydraulic%29 | In hydraulic systems, a fuse (or velocity fuse) is a component which prevents the sudden loss of hydraulic fluid pressure. It is a safety feature, designed to allow systems to continue operating, or at least to not fail catastrophically, in the event of a system breach. It does this by stopping or greatly restricting... | Fuse (hydraulic) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 629 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Industrial safety devices",
"Safety valves"
] |
2,378,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive%20Electronics%20Council | The Automotive Electronics Council (AEC) is an organization originally established in the 1990s by Chrysler, Ford, and GM for the purpose of establishing common part-qualification and quality-system standards.
The AEC Component Technical Committee is the standardization body for establishing standards for reliable, hi... | Automotive Electronics Council | [
"Engineering"
] | 182 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical engineering organizations"
] |
2,378,378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20chromatography%E2%80%93mass%20spectrometry | Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). Coupled chromatography – MS systems are popular in chemical analysis because the indiv... | Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,829 | [
"Chromatography",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Separation processes",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
17,950,868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20discrete%20collection | In mathematics, particularly topology, collections of subsets are said to be locally discrete if they look like they have precisely one element from a local point of view. The study of locally discrete collections is worthwhile as Bing's metrization theorem shows.
Formal definition
Let X be a topological space. A col... | Locally discrete collection | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 371 | [
"Spacetime",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry"
] |
396,575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%CF%83%20set | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Fσ set}}
In mathematics, an Fσ set (said F-sigma set) is a countable union of closed sets. The notation originated in French with F for (French: closed) and σ for (French: sum, union).
The complement of an Fσ set is a Gδ set.
Fσ is the same as in the Borel hierarchy.
Examples
Each closed set is ... | Fσ set | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 277 | [
"Topology stubs",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime"
] |
396,611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%20Cooper | Leon N. Cooper (né Kupchik; February 28, 1930 – October 23, 2024) was an American theoretical physicist and neuroscientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on superconductivity. Cooper developed the concept of Cooper pairs and collaborated with John Bardeen and John Robert Schrieffer to develop the BCS t... | Leon Cooper | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,515 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
396,622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20space | In the mathematical discipline of general topology, a Polish space is a separable completely metrizable topological space; that is, a space homeomorphic to a complete metric space that has a countable dense subset. Polish spaces are so named because they were first extensively studied by Polish topologists and logicia... | Polish space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,509 | [
"General topology",
"Topology"
] |
397,175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethylenetetramine | Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), also known as 1,3,5,7-tetraazaadamantane, is a heterocyclic organic compound with diverse applications. It has the chemical formula (CH2)6N4 and is a white crystalline compound that is highly water soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It is useful in the synthesis of other organic... | Hexamethylenetetramine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,599 | [
"Antimicrobials",
"Chemical energy sources",
"Fuels",
"Reagents for organic chemistry",
"Corrosion inhibitors",
"Biocides",
"Process chemicals"
] |
397,263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truss | A truss is an assembly of members such as beams, connected by nodes, that creates a rigid structure.
In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". A "two-force member" is a structural comp... | Truss | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,552 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Trusses",
"Structural system",
"Architectural elements",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Bridge components",
"Components",
"Architecture"
] |
397,388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine%E2%80%93Hugoniot%20conditions | The Rankine–Hugoniot conditions, also referred to as Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions or Rankine–Hugoniot relations, describe the relationship between the states on both sides of a shock wave or a combustion wave (deflagration or detonation) in a one-dimensional flow in fluids or a one-dimensional deformation in solids... | Rankine–Hugoniot conditions | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,960 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Conservation laws",
"Mathematical objects",
"Classical mechanics",
"Equations",
"Combustion",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics",
"Conservation equations",
"Symmetry",
"Physics theorems"
] |
398,124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptional%20regulation | In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal contr... | Transcriptional regulation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,492 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
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