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Another useful result is Poisson's theorem, which states that if two quantities and are constants of motion, so is their Poisson bracket .
A system with n degrees of freedom, and n constants of motion, such that the Poisson bracket of any pair of constants of motion vanishes, is known as a completely integrable syst... | Constant of motion | Wikipedia | 396 | 5391037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%20of%20motion | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | Physics |
Integral of motion
A constant of motion may be defined in a given force field as any function of phase-space coordinates (position and velocity, or position and momentum) and time that is constant throughout a trajectory. A subset of the constants of motion are the integrals of motion, or first integrals, defined as an... | Constant of motion | Wikipedia | 272 | 5391037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%20of%20motion | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | Physics |
The family Phylliidae (often misspelled Phyllidae) contains the extant true leaf insects or walking leaves, which include some of the most remarkably camouflaged leaf mimics (mimesis) in the entire animal kingdom. They occur from South Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia. Earlier sources treat Phylliidae as a much... | Phylliidae | Wikipedia | 488 | 5393980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylliidae | Biology and health sciences | Insects: General | Animals |
Phylliini
Auth.
Chitoniscus (Pacific)
Chitoniscus feejeeanus
Chitoniscus lobipes
Chitoniscus lobiventris - type species (as Phyllium lobiventre )
Comptaphyllium (Australasia)
Comptaphyllium caudatum - type species (as Phyllium caudatum )
Comptaphyllium regina
Comptaphyllium riedeli
Cryptophyllium ... | Phylliidae | Wikipedia | 474 | 5393980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylliidae | Biology and health sciences | Insects: General | Animals |
Walaphyllium (Australasia)
Walaphyllium lelantos
Walaphyllium monteithi
Walaphyllium zomproi - type species (as Phyllium zomproi )
Nanophylliini
Auth.
Acentetaphyllium (New Guinea)
Acentetaphyllium brevipenne – type species (as Phyllium brevipennis )
Acentetaphyllium larssoni
Acentetaphyllium miyashit... | Phylliidae | Wikipedia | 352 | 5393980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylliidae | Biology and health sciences | Insects: General | Animals |
A train station, railroad station, or railroad depot (mainly North American terminology) and railway station (mainly UK and other Anglophone countries) is a railway facility where trains stop to load or unload passengers, freight, or both. It generally consists of at least one platform, one track, and a station buildin... | Train station | Wikipedia | 500 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
The two-storey Mount Clare station in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, which survives as a museum, first saw passenger service as the terminus of the horse-drawn Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on 22 May 1830.
The oldest terminal station in the world was Crown Street railway station in Liverpool, England, built in 1830... | Train station | Wikipedia | 453 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
Stations normally have staffed ticket sales offices, automated ticket machines, or both, although on some lines tickets are sold on board the trains. Many stations include a shop or convenience store. Larger stations usually have fast-food or restaurant facilities. In some countries, stations may also have a bar or pub... | Train station | Wikipedia | 467 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
Occasionally, a station serves two or more railway lines at differing levels. This may be due to the station's position at a point where two lines cross (example: Berlin Hauptbahnhof), or may be to provide separate station capacity for two types of service, such as intercity and suburban (examples: Paris-Gare de Lyon a... | Train station | Wikipedia | 443 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
There may be other sidings at the station which are lower speed tracks for other purposes. A maintenance track or a maintenance siding, usually connected to a passing track, is used for parking maintenance equipment, trains not in service, autoracks or sleepers. A refuge track is a dead-end siding that is connected to ... | Train station | Wikipedia | 483 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
Some termini have a newer set of through platforms underneath (or above, or alongside) the terminal platforms on the main level. They are used by a cross-city extension of the main line, often for commuter trains, while the terminal platforms may serve long-distance services. Examples of underground through lines inclu... | Train station | Wikipedia | 502 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
While a junction or interlocking usually divides two or more lines or routes, and thus has remotely or locally operated signals, a station stop does not. A station stop usually does not have any tracks other than the main tracks, and may or may not have switches (points, crossovers).
Intermediate station
An intermedi... | Train station | Wikipedia | 477 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
From 1903 to 1947 the GWR built 379 halts and inherited a further 40 from other companies at the Grouping of 1923. Peak building periods were before the First World War (145 built) and 1928–1939 (198 built). Ten more were opened by British Rail on ex-GWR lines. The GWR also built 34 "platforms".
Many such stops remain... | Train station | Wikipedia | 399 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
In Australia, with its sparse rural populations, such stopping places were common on lines that were still open for passenger traffic. In the state of Victoria, for example, a location on a railway line where a small diesel railcar or railmotor could stop on request, allowing passengers to board or alight, was called a... | Train station | Wikipedia | 480 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
Goods or freight stations deal exclusively or predominantly with the loading and unloading of goods and may well have marshalling yards (classification yards) for the sorting of wagons. The world's first goods terminal was the 1830 Park Lane Goods Station at the South End Liverpool Docks. Built in 1830, the terminal wa... | Train station | Wikipedia | 495 | 26161590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20station | Technology | Trains | null |
Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike private transport, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that may charge a... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 461 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
In recent years, some high-wealth cities have seen a decline in public transport usage. A number of sources attribute this trend to the rise in popularity of remote work, ride-sharing services, and car loans being relatively cheap across many countries. Major cities such as Toronto, Paris, Chicago, and London have seen... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 468 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
The first successful electric streetcar was built for 11 miles of track for the Union Passenger Railway in Tallahassee, Florida, in 1888. Electric streetcars could carry heavier passenger loads than predecessors, which reduced fares and stimulated greater transit use.
Two years after the Richmond success, over thirty t... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 436 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Actual travel time on public transport becomes a lesser consideration when predictable and when travel itself is reasonably comfortable (seats, toilets, services), and can thus be scheduled and used pleasurably, productively or for (overnight) rest. Chauffeured movement is enjoyed by many people when it is relaxing, sa... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 511 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Passenger rail transport is the conveyance of passengers by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run on railways. Trains allow high capacity at most distance scales, but require track, signalling, infrastructure and stations to be built and maintained resulting in high upfront costs.
Intercity and High-spee... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 495 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
People movers are a special term for grade-separated rail which uses vehicles that are smaller and shorter in size. These systems are generally used only in a small area such as a theme park or an airport.
Tram
Trams (also known as streetcars or trolleys) are railborne vehicles that originally ran in city streets, th... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 347 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Personal rapid transit is an automated cab service that runs on rails or a guideway. This is an uncommon mode of transportation (excluding elevators) due to the complexity of automation. A fully implemented system might provide most of the convenience of individual automobiles with the efficiency of public transit. The... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 465 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
A report published by the UK National Infrastructure Commission in 2018 states that "cycling is mass transit and must be treated as such." Cycling infrastructure is normally provided without charge to users because it is cheaper to operate than mechanised transit systems that use sophisticated equipment and do not use ... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 423 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Services are often arranged to operate at regular intervals throughout the day or part of the day (known as clock-face scheduling). Often, more frequent services or even extra routes are operated during the morning and evening rush hours. Coordination between services at interchange points is important to reduce the to... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 455 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Multi-use tickets allow travel more than once. In addition to return tickets, this includes period cards allowing travel within a certain area (for instance month cards), or to travel a specified number of trips or number of days that can be chosen within a longer period of time (called carnet ticket). Passes aimed at ... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 313 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Subsidies may take the form of direct payments for financially unprofitable services, but support may also include indirect subsidies. For example, the government may allow free or reduced-cost use of state-owned infrastructure such as railways and roads, to stimulate public transport's economic competitiveness over pr... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 510 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Although relatively safe and secure, public perceptions that transit systems are dangerous endure. A 2014 study stated that "Various factors contribute to the under-appreciation of transit safety benefits, including the nature of transit travel, dramatic news coverage of transit crashes and crimes, transit agency messa... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 373 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Supporters of the green movement usually advocate public transportation, because it offers decreased airborne pollution compared to automobiles. A study conducted in Milan, Italy, in 2004 during and after a transportation strike serves to illustrate the impact that mass transportation has on the environment. Air sample... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 421 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
In order to compare energy impact of public transportation to private transportation, the amount of energy per passenger mile must be calculated. The reason that comparing the energy expenditure per person is necessary is to normalize the data for easy comparison. Here, the units are in per 100 p-km (read as person kil... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 406 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
In the 2023 study titled "Subways and CO₂ Emissions: A Global Analysis with Satellite Data," research reveals that subway systems significantly reduce CO₂ emissions by approximately 50% in the cities they serve, contributing to an 11% global reduction. The study also explores potential expansion in 1,214 urban areas la... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 431 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
The consequences for wider society and civic life, is public transport breaks down social and cultural barriers between people in public life. An important social role played by public transport is to ensure that all members of society are able to travel without walking or cycling, not just those with a driving license... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 218 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial effect on public transport systems, infrastructures and revenues in various cities across the world.
The pandemic negatively impacted public transport usage by imposing social distancing, remote work, or unemployment in the United States. It caused a 7... | Public transport | Wikipedia | 352 | 26162030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20transport | Technology | Basics_11 | null |
Silver nitride is an explosive chemical compound with symbol Ag3N. It is a black, metallic-looking solid which is formed when silver oxide or silver nitrate is dissolved in concentrated solutions of ammonia, causing formation of the diammine silver complex which subsequently breaks down to Ag3N. The standard free energ... | Silver nitride | Wikipedia | 460 | 26162462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20nitride | Physical sciences | Nitride salts | Chemistry |
Other uses of the term
The name "silver nitride" is sometimes also used to describe a reflective coating consisting of alternating thin layers of silver metal and silicon nitride. This material is not explosive, and is not a true silver nitride. It is used to coat mirrors and shotguns. | Silver nitride | Wikipedia | 62 | 26162462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20nitride | Physical sciences | Nitride salts | Chemistry |
The whiptail stingrays are a family, the Dasyatidae, of rays in the order Myliobatiformes. They are found worldwide in tropical to temperate marine waters, and a number of species have also penetrated into fresh water in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Members of this family have flattened pectoral fin discs that range fr... | Whiptail stingray | Wikipedia | 300 | 21768005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiptail%20stingray | Biology and health sciences | Batoidea | Animals |
Subfamily Dasyatinae D. S. Jordan & Gilbert, 1879
Bathytoshia Whitley, 1933
Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810
Hemitrygon Müller & Henle, 1838
Hypanus Rafinesque, 1818
Megatrygon Last, Naylor, and Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2016
Pteroplatytrygon Fowler, 1910
Telatrygon Last, Naylor, and Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2016
Taeniurops Garman... | Whiptail stingray | Wikipedia | 320 | 21768005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiptail%20stingray | Biology and health sciences | Batoidea | Animals |
A Magellanic spiral galaxy is a spiral galaxy with only one spiral arm. Magellanic spiral galaxies are classified as the type Sm (with sub-categories SAm, SBm, SABm); the prototype galaxy and namesake for Magellanic spirals is the Large Magellanic Cloud, an SBm galaxy. They are usually smaller dwarf galaxies and can be... | Magellanic spiral | Wikipedia | 298 | 21771815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellanic%20spiral | Physical sciences | Galaxy classification | Astronomy |
Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate (CaCuSi4O10 or CaOCuO(SiO2)4 (calcium copper tetrasilicate)) or cuprorivaite, is a pigment that was used in ancient Egypt for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. It was known to the Romans by the name . After the Roman era, Egyptia... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 501 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
The ancient Egyptians held the color blue in very high regard and were eager to present it on many media and in a variety of forms. They also desired to imitate the semiprecious stones turquoise and lapis lazuli, which were valued for their rarity and stark blue color. Use of naturally occurring minerals such as azurit... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 455 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
Composition and manufacture
Several experiments have been carried out by scientists and archaeologists interested in analyzing the composition of Egyptian blue and the techniques used to manufacture it. It is now generally regarded as a multiphase material that was produced by heating together quartz sand, a copper com... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 365 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
In addition to the way the different compositions influenced texture, the way Egyptian blue was processed also had an effect on its texture, in terms of coarseness and fineness. Following a number of experiments, Tite et al. concluded that for fine-textured Egyptian blue, two stages were necessary to obtain uniformly i... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 437 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
If certain conditions were not met, the Egyptian blue would not be satisfactorily produced. For example, if the temperatures were above 1050 °C, it would become unstable. If too much lime was added, wollastonite (CaSiO3) forms and gives the pigment a green color. Too much of the copper ingredients results in excesses o... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 458 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
The total alkali content in analyzed samples of Egyptian blue is greater than 1%, suggesting the alkali was introduced deliberately into the mixture and not as an impurity from other components. Sources of alkali either could have been natron from areas such as Wadi Natroun and El-Kab, or plant ash. By measuring the am... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 441 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
Qantir
In the 1930s, Mahmud Hamza excavated a number of objects related to the production of Egyptian blue at Qantir, such as Egyptian blue cakes and fragments in various stages of production, providing evidence that Egyptian blue was actually produced at the site. Recent excavations at the same site uncovered a large... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 509 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
Occurrences outside Egypt
Egyptian blue was found in Western Asia during the middle of third millennium BC in the form of small artifacts and inlays, but not as a pigment. It was found in the Mediterranean area at the end of the Middle Bronze Age, and traces of tin were found in its composition suggesting the use of br... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 264 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
In 2021, Early Medieval Egyptian blue (fifth/sixth century AD) was identified on a monochrome blue mural fragment from the church of St. Peter above Gratsch (South Tyrol, Northern Italy). By a new analytical approach based on Raman microspectroscopy, 28 different minerals with contents from the percent range down to 10... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 410 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
Modern applications
Egyptian blue's extremely powerful and long-lived infrared luminescence under visible light has enabled its presence to be detected on objects which appear unpainted to the human eye. This property has also been used to identify traces of the pigment on paintings produced as late as the sixteenth ce... | Egyptian blue | Wikipedia | 224 | 5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
A coherent system of units is a system of units of measurement used to express physical quantities that are defined in such a way that the equations relating the numerical values expressed in the units of the system have exactly the same form, including numerical factors, as the corresponding equations directly relatin... | Coherence (units of measurement) | Wikipedia | 471 | 38889765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28units%20of%20measurement%29 | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
The history of the measurement of length dates back to the early civilization of the Middle East (10000 BC – 8000 BC). Archaeologists have been able to reconstruct the units of measure in use in Mesopotamia, India, the Jewish culture and many others. Archaeological and other evidence shows that in many civilizations, t... | Coherence (units of measurement) | Wikipedia | 443 | 38889765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28units%20of%20measurement%29 | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
Metric system
The concept of coherence was only introduced into the metric system in the third quarter of the nineteenth century; in its original form the metric system was non-coherent – in particular the litre was 0.001 m3 and the are (from which we get the hectare) was 100 m2. A precursor to the concept of coherenc... | Coherence (units of measurement) | Wikipedia | 442 | 38889765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28units%20of%20measurement%29 | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
Asimov's conclusion is not the only possible one. In a system that uses the units foot (ft) for length, second (s) for time, pound (lb) for mass, and pound-force (lbf) for force, the law relating force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a) is . Since the proportionality constant here is dimensionless and the units in any... | Coherence (units of measurement) | Wikipedia | 480 | 38889765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28units%20of%20measurement%29 | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
The following example concerns definitions of quantities and units. The (average) velocity (v) of an object is defined as the quantitative physical property of the object that is directly proportional to the distance (d) traveled by the object and inversely proportional to the time (t) of travel, i.e., , where k is a c... | Coherence (units of measurement) | Wikipedia | 349 | 38889765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28units%20of%20measurement%29 | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
A definition of a physical quantity is a statement that determines the ratio of any two instances of the quantity. The specification of the value of any constant factor is not a part of the definition since it does not affect the ratio. The definition of velocity above satisfies this requirement since it implies that v... | Coherence (units of measurement) | Wikipedia | 403 | 38889765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28units%20of%20measurement%29 | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
The following is a list of quantities, each with its corresponding coherent SI unit:
frequency (hertz) = reciprocal of time (inverse second)
force (newton) = mass (kilogram) × acceleration (m/s2)
pressure (pascal) = force (newton) ÷ area (m2)
energy (joule) = force (newton) × distance (metre)
power (watt) = energy... | Coherence (units of measurement) | Wikipedia | 462 | 38889765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28units%20of%20measurement%29 | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
In mathematics, the word constant conveys multiple meanings. As an adjective, it refers to non-variance (i.e. unchanging with respect to some other value); as a noun, it has two different meanings:
A fixed and well-defined number or other non-changing mathematical object, or the symbol denoting it. The terms mathemat... | Constant (mathematics) | Wikipedia | 418 | 24758132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%20%28mathematics%29 | Mathematics | Basics | null |
Some values occur frequently in mathematics and are conventionally denoted by a specific symbol. These standard symbols and their values are called mathematical constants. Examples include:
0 (zero).
1 (one), the natural number after zero.
(pi), the constant representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its... | Constant (mathematics) | Wikipedia | 421 | 24758132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%20%28mathematics%29 | Mathematics | Basics | null |
Ophioglossidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns). This subclass consists of the ferns commonly known as whisk ferns, grape ferns, adder's-tongues and moonworts. It is equivalent to the class Psilotopsida in previous treatments, including Smith et al. (2006). The subclass contains two orders, Psilo... | Ophioglossidae | Wikipedia | 502 | 34945384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophioglossidae | Biology and health sciences | Ferns | Plants |
The two orders, Ophioglossales and Psilotales are sister groups to each other. | Ophioglossidae | Wikipedia | 21 | 34945384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophioglossidae | Biology and health sciences | Ferns | Plants |
In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on configurable security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet, or between several VLANs.
History
The term f... | Firewall (computing) | Wikipedia | 420 | 26173989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall%20%28computing%29 | Technology | Computer security | null |
Firewalls are categorized as a network-based or a host-based system. Network-based firewalls are positioned between two or more networks, typically between the local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN), their basic function being to control the flow of data between connected networks. They are either a softw... | Firewall (computing) | Wikipedia | 504 | 26173989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall%20%28computing%29 | Technology | Computer security | null |
Second-generation firewalls perform the work of their first-generation predecessors but also maintain knowledge of specific conversations between endpoints by remembering which port number the two IP addresses are using at layer 4 (transport layer) of the OSI model for their conversation, allowing examination of the ov... | Firewall (computing) | Wikipedia | 449 | 26173989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall%20%28computing%29 | Technology | Computer security | null |
Direction: Inbound or outbound traffic
Source: Where the traffic originates (IP address, range, network, or zone)
Destination: Where the traffic is headed (IP address, range, network, or zone)
Port: Network ports specific to various services (e.g., port 80 for HTTP)
Protocol: The type of network protocol (e.g., TCP... | Firewall (computing) | Wikipedia | 506 | 26173989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall%20%28computing%29 | Technology | Computer security | null |
USER ID
Implementing firewall rules based on IP addresses alone is often insufficient due to the dynamic nature of user location and device usage. User ID will be translate to a IP address.
This is where the concept of "User ID" makes a significant impact. User ID allows firewall rules to be crafted based on individ... | Firewall (computing) | Wikipedia | 452 | 26173989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall%20%28computing%29 | Technology | Computer security | null |
Description: Traffic logs record comprehensive details about data traversing the network. This includes source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, protocols used, and the action taken by the firewall (e.g., allow, drop, or reject).
Significance: Essential for network administrators to analyze and understand the... | Firewall (computing) | Wikipedia | 400 | 26173989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall%20%28computing%29 | Technology | Computer security | null |
Description: Logs that capture information about the geographic locations of network connections. This can be useful for monitoring and controlling access based on geographical regions.
Significance: Aids in enhancing security by detecting and preventing suspicious activities originating from specific geographic locati... | Firewall (computing) | Wikipedia | 433 | 26173989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall%20%28computing%29 | Technology | Computer security | null |
Somatic symptom disorder, also known as somatoform disorder or somatization disorder, is defined by one or more chronic physical symptoms that coincide with excessive and maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors connected to those symptoms. The symptoms are not deliberately produced or feigned, and they may or may... | Somatic symptom disorder | Wikipedia | 483 | 30861480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20symptom%20disorder | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
Those suffering from somatic symptom disorder experience recurring and obsessive feelings and thoughts concerning their well-being. Common examples include severe anxiety regarding potential ailments, misinterpreting normal sensations as indications of severe illness, believing that symptoms are dangerous and serious d... | Somatic symptom disorder | Wikipedia | 499 | 30861480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20symptom%20disorder | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
Causes
Somatic symptoms can stem from a heightened awareness of sensations in the body, alongside the tendency to interpret those sensations as ailments. Studies suggest that risk factors of somatic symptoms include childhood neglect, sexual abuse, a chaotic lifestyle, and a history of substance and alcohol abuse. Psyc... | Somatic symptom disorder | Wikipedia | 488 | 30861480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20symptom%20disorder | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
Physiological
The hypothalamo pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) has a crucial role in stress response. While the HPA axis may become more active with depression, there is evidence of hypocortisolism in somatization. In somatic disorder, there is a negative connection between elevated pain scores and 5-hydroxy indol acetic a... | Somatic symptom disorder | Wikipedia | 470 | 30861480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20symptom%20disorder | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
Genetic
Genetic investigations have suggested modifications connected to the monoaminergic system, in particular, may be relevant while a shared genetic source remains unknown. Researchers take into account the various processes involved in the development of somatic symptom disorder as well as the interactions between... | Somatic symptom disorder | Wikipedia | 443 | 30861480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20symptom%20disorder | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
The DSM-5 criteria for somatic symptom disorder includes "one or more somatic symptoms which are distressing or result in substantial impairment of daily life." Additional criteria, often known as B criteria, include "excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors regarding somatic symptoms or corresponding health concerns... | Somatic symptom disorder | Wikipedia | 442 | 30861480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20symptom%20disorder | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
Somatic symptom disorder overlaps with hypochondriasis and functional neurologic symptom disorder (FNsD), previously known as conversion disorder. Hypochondriasis is characterized by an obsession with having or developing a dangerous, undetected medical ailment, despite the absence of bodily symptoms. FNsD may present ... | Somatic symptom disorder | Wikipedia | 451 | 30861480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20symptom%20disorder | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used in treating somatic symptom disorder among the elderly; however, the results were still debatable with some concerns around the side effects of using ECT. Overall, psychologists recommend addressing a common difficulty in patients with somatic symptom disorder in the readin... | Somatic symptom disorder | Wikipedia | 475 | 30861480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20symptom%20disorder | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
There is usually co-morbidity with other psychological disorders, particularly mood disorders or anxiety disorders. Research also showed comorbidity between somatic symptom disorder and personality disorders, especially antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, histrionic, avoidant, and dependent personality disorder.
Abo... | Somatic symptom disorder | Wikipedia | 392 | 30861480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic%20symptom%20disorder | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
Bifidobacterium is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract though strains have been isolated from the vagina and mouth (B. dentium) of mammals, including humans. Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that ma... | Bifidobacterium | Wikipedia | 494 | 30862624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
Response to oxygen
The sensitivity of members of the genus Bifidobacterium to O2 generally limits probiotic activity to anaerobic habitats. Recent research has reported that some Bifidobacterium strains exhibit various types of oxic growth. Low concentrations of O2 and CO2 can have a stimulatory effect on the growth of... | Bifidobacterium | Wikipedia | 346 | 30862624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
Clinical uses
Adding Bifidobacterium as a probiotic to conventional treatment of ulcerative colitis has been shown to be associated with improved rates of remission and improved maintenance of remission. Some Bifidobacterium strains are considered as important probiotics and used in the food industry. Different species... | Bifidobacterium | Wikipedia | 330 | 30862624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
Bifidobacteria and the infant gut
The human infant gut is relatively sterile up until birth, where it takes up bacteria from its surrounding environment and its mother. The microbiota that makes up the infant gut differs from the adult gut. An infant reaches the adult stage of their microbiome at around three years of... | Bifidobacterium | Wikipedia | 374 | 30862624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
B. actinocoloniiforme Killer et al. 2011
B. adolescentis Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)
B. aemilianum Alberoni et al. 2019
B. aerophilum Michelini et al. 2017
B. aesculapii Modesto et al. 2014
B. amazonense Lugli et al. 2021
B. angulatum Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
B. animalis (Mitsuoka 1... | Bifidobacterium | Wikipedia | 481 | 30862624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
B. dentium Scardovi and Crociani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
B. dolichotidis Duranti et al. 2019
"B. eriksonii" Cato et al. 1970
B. erythrocebi Neuzil-Bunesova et al. 2021
B. eulemuris Michelini et al. 2016
B. faecale Choi et al. 2014
B. felsineum Modesto et al. 2020
B. gallicum Lauer 1990
B. gallinarum Watabe e... | Bifidobacterium | Wikipedia | 206 | 30862624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
B. lemurum Modesto et al. 2015
B. leontopitheci Duranti et al. 2020
B. longum Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)
B. magnum Scardovi and Zani 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
B.margollesii Lugli et al. 2018
B. merycicum Biavati and Mattarelli 1991
B. miconis Lugli et al. 2021
B. miconisargentati Lugli et al. 2021
B. m... | Bifidobacterium | Wikipedia | 430 | 30862624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
B. saguini Endo et al. 2012
B. saguinibicoloris Lugli et al. 2021
"B. saimiriisciurei" Modesto et al. 2020
B. samirii Duranti et al. 2019
B. santillanense Lugli et al. 2021
B. scaligerum Modesto et al. 2020
B. scardovii Hoyles et al. 2002
B. simiarum Modesto et al. 2020
B. simiiventris Lugli et al. 2021
B. ste... | Bifidobacterium | Wikipedia | 263 | 30862624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium | Biology and health sciences | Gram-positive bacteria | Plants |
In chemical kinetics, the pre-exponential factor or A factor is the pre-exponential constant in the Arrhenius equation (equation shown below), an empirical relationship between temperature and rate coefficient. It is usually designated by A when determined from experiment, while Z is usually left for collision frequenc... | Pre-exponential factor | Wikipedia | 265 | 30862748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-exponential%20factor | Physical sciences | Kinetics | Chemistry |
Technology, society and life or technology and culture refers to the inter-dependency, co-dependence, co-influence, and co-production of technology and society upon one another. Evidence for this synergy has been found since humanity first started using simple tools. The inter-relationship has continued as modern techn... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 501 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
Modern examples and effects
Technology has taken a large role in society and day-to-day life. When societies know more about the development in a technology, they become able to take advantage of it. When an innovation achieves a certain point after it has been presented and promoted, this technology becomes part of th... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 412 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
Although these previous examples only show a few of the positive aspects of technology in society, there are negative side effects as well. Within this virtual realm, social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and Snapchat have altered the way Generation Y culture is understanding the world and thus how they v... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 474 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
Most recently, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of firms employing advanced digital technology in their operations expanded dramatically. It was found that firms that adopted technology were better prepared to deal with the pandemic's disruptions. Adaptation strategies in the form of remote working, 3D ... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 507 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
The 2009 founding of Kickstarter allows individuals to receive funding via crowdsourcing for many technology related products including both new physical creations as well as documentaries, films, and web-series that focus on technology management. This circumvents the corporate or government oversight most inventors a... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 383 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
For most of human history, technological improvements were arrived at by chance, trial and error, or spontaneous inspiration. Stokes referred to these innovators as improvers of technology'…who knew no science and would not have been helped by it if they had." This idea is supported by Diamond who further indicated t... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 321 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
Values
The implementation of technology influences the values of a society by changing expectations and realities. The implementation of technology is also influenced by values. There are (at least) three major, interrelated values that inform, and are informed by, technological innovations:
Mechanistic world view: Vie... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 425 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
Institutions and groups
Technology often enables organizational and bureaucratic group structures that otherwise and heretofore were simply not possible. Examples of this might include:
The rise of very large organizations: e.g., governments, the military, health and social welfare institutions, supranational corporati... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 464 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
Values
Historically, from the perspective of economic agent-centered responsibility, an increased, as of 2021 commonly theoretic and informal, value of healthy environments and more efficient productive processes may be the result of an increase in the wealth of society. Once people are able to provide for their basic ... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 469 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
Digital technologies, however, are important in achieving the green transition and specifically, the SDGs and European Green Deal's environmental targets. Emerging digital technologies, if correctly applied, have the potential to play a critical role in addressing environmental issues. A few examples are: smart city m... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 479 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
In 1980, Mike Cooley published a critique of the automation and computerisation of engineering work under the title "Architect or Bee? The human/technology relationship". The title alludes to a comparison made by Karl Marx, on the issue of the creative achievements of human imaginative power. According to Cooley ""Sci... | Technology and society | Wikipedia | 398 | 30862857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology%20and%20society | Technology | General | null |
A macuahuitl () is a weapon, a wooden sword with several embedded obsidian blades. The name is derived from the Nahuatl language and means "hand-wood". Its sides are embedded with prismatic blades traditionally made from obsidian, which is capable of producing an edge sharper than high quality steel razor blades. The m... | Macuahuitl | Wikipedia | 438 | 30862962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuahuitl | Technology | Swords | null |
According to conquistador , the macuahuitl was 0.91 to 1.22 m long, and 75 mm wide, with a groove along either edge, into which sharp-edged pieces of flint or obsidian were inserted and firmly fixed with an adhesive. Based on his research, historian John Pohl indicates that the length was just over a meter, although ot... | Macuahuitl | Wikipedia | 482 | 30862962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuahuitl | Technology | Swords | null |
The maquahuitl predates the Aztecs. Tools made from obsidian fragments were used by some of the earliest Mesoamericans. Obsidian used in ceramic vessels has been found at Aztec sites. Obsidian cutting knives, sickles, scrapers, drills, razors, and arrow points have also been found. Several obsidian mines were close to ... | Macuahuitl | Wikipedia | 404 | 30862962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuahuitl | Technology | Swords | null |
Given the importance of human sacrifice in Nahua cultures, their warfare styles, particularly those of the Aztec and Maya, placed a premium on the capture of enemy warriors for live sacrifice. Advancement into the elite cuāuhocēlōtl warrior societies of the Aztec, for example, required taking 20 live captives from the ... | Macuahuitl | Wikipedia | 395 | 30862962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuahuitl | Technology | Swords | null |
For SpikeTV's reality program Deadliest Warrior a replica was created and tested against a model of a horse's head created using a horse's skeleton and ballistics gel. Actor and martial artist Éder Saúl López was able to decapitate the model, but it took three swings. Blows from the replica macuahuitl were most effecti... | Macuahuitl | Wikipedia | 152 | 30862962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuahuitl | Technology | Swords | null |
Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena. In contrast, applied research uses scientific theories to develop techno... | Basic research | Wikipedia | 370 | 30863191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic%20research | Physical sciences | Science basics | Basics and measurement |
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