id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 31 227 | text stringlengths 6 334k | source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀ | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 71.8k | subcategories listlengths 0 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
41,494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path%20quality%20analysis | Path quality analysis: In a communications path, an analysis that (a) includes the overall evaluation of the component quality measures, the individual link quality measures, and the aggregate path quality measures, and (b) is performed by evaluating communications parameters, such as bit error ratio, signal-plus-nois... | Path quality analysis | [
"Physics"
] | 82 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
41,496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo%20bit%20error%20ratio | Pseudo bit error ratio (PBER) in adaptive high-frequency (HF) radio, is a bit error ratio derived by a majority decoder that processes redundant transmissions.
Note: In adaptive HF radio automatic link establishment, PBER is determined by the extent of error correction, such as by using the fraction of non-unanimous... | Pseudo bit error ratio | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 87 | [
"Metrics",
"Reliability engineering",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Error detection and correction"
] |
41,506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20mobility | In Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT), personal mobility is the ability of a user to access telecommunication services at any UPT terminal on the basis of a personal identifier, and the capability of the network to provide those services in accord with the user's service profile.
Personal mobility involves t... | Personal mobility | [
"Mathematics"
] | 138 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers",
"Telephone numbers"
] |
41,507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom%20circuit | In telecommunications and electrical engineering, a phantom circuit is an electrical circuit derived from suitably arranged wires with one or more conductive paths being a circuit in itself and at the same time acting as one conductor of another circuit.
Phantom group
A phantom group is composed of three circuits tha... | Phantom circuit | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,230 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Communication circuits"
] |
41,509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phased%20array | In antenna theory, a phased array consists of many small antennas, positioned in an array, next to each other.
Instead of sending a radio wave with one antenna, a computer system can shift the phase of the original wave by fractions of a wavelength for each individual antenna in the array. The frequency of the signal... | Phased array | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,612 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Wireless locating"
] |
41,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20distortion | In signal processing, phase distortion or phase-frequency distortion is distortion, that is, change in the shape of the waveform, that occurs when (a) a filter's phase response is not linear over the frequency range of interest, that is, the phase shift introduced by a circuit or device is not directly proportional to... | Phase distortion | [
"Engineering"
] | 150 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Audio engineering",
"Audio amplifier specifications",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
41,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photic%20zone | The photic zone (or euphotic zone, epipelagic zone, or sunlight zone) is the uppermost layer of a body of water that receives sunlight, allowing phytoplankton to perform photosynthesis. It undergoes a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes that supply nutrients into the upper water column. The photic zo... | Photic zone | [
"Biology"
] | 2,709 | [
"Aquatic ecology",
"Ecosystems"
] |
41,524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance%20architecture | Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance architecture followed Gothic... | Renaissance architecture | [
"Engineering"
] | 14,281 | [
"Architectural history",
"Architecture"
] |
41,527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrapposto | () is an Italian term that means "counterpoise". It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot, so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs in the axial plane.
First appearing in Ancient Greece in the early 5th century BCE, contrapposto i... | Contrapposto | [
"Biology"
] | 1,033 | [
"Behavior",
"Human positions",
"Human behavior"
] |
41,545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avogadro%20constant | The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted or , is an SI defining constant with an exact value of (reciprocal moles). It is this defined number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms, ions, or ion pairs—in general, entities) per mole (SI unit) and used as a normalization factor in relating the amount of subs... | Avogadro constant | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,944 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Chemical quantities",
"Amount of substance",
"Physical constants",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Fundamental constants"
] |
41,548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-locked%20loop | A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same, thus a phase-locked loop can also track an input ... | Phase-locked loop | [
"Engineering"
] | 7,126 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Electronic design",
"Electronic engineering",
"Design",
"Communication circuits"
] |
41,549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20noise | In signal processing, phase noise is the frequency-domain representation of random fluctuations in the phase of a waveform, corresponding to time-domain deviations from perfect periodicity (jitter). Generally speaking, radio-frequency engineers speak of the phase noise of an oscillator, whereas digital-system engineer... | Phase noise | [
"Physics"
] | 1,582 | [
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
41,550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20perturbation | Phase perturbation is the shifting, from whatever cause, in the phase of an electronic signal. The shifting is often quite rapid, and may appear to be random or cyclic. The phase departure in phase perturbation usually is larger, but less rapid, than in phase jitter.
Phase perturbation may be expressed in degrees, wit... | Phase perturbation | [
"Physics"
] | 86 | [
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
41,553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocurrent | Photocurrent is the electric current through a photosensitive device, such as a photodiode, as the result of exposure to radiant power. The photocurrent may occur as a result of the photoelectric, photoemissive, or photovoltaic effect. The photocurrent may be enhanced by internal gain caused by interaction among ions... | Photocurrent | [
"Physics"
] | 502 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Fundamental interactions"
] |
41,556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIN%20diode | A PIN diode is a diode with a wide, undoped intrinsic semiconductor region between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor region. The p-type and n-type regions are typically heavily doped because they are used for ohmic contacts.
The wide intrinsic region is in contrast to an ordinary p–n diode. The wide i... | PIN diode | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,514 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Power electronics"
] |
41,559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane%20wave | In physics, a plane wave is a special case of a wave or field: a physical quantity whose value, at any given moment, is constant through any plane that is perpendicular to a fixed direction in space.
For any position in space and any time , the value of such a field can be written as
where is a unit-length vector, ... | Plane wave | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 847 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Mathematical objects",
"Classical mechanics",
"Infinity",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Planes (geometry)"
] |
41,564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization%20%28waves%29 | (also ) is a property of transverse waves which specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations. In a transverse wave, the direction of the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave. One example of a polarized transverse wave is vibrations traveling along a taut string (see image),... | Polarization (waves) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 9,416 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Astrophysics",
"Electronic engineering",
"Radiation",
"Polarization (waves)"
] |
41,568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20factor | In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC power system is defined as the ratio of the real power absorbed by the load to the apparent power flowing in the circuit. Real power is the average of the instantaneous product of voltage and current and represents the capacity of the electricity for performing work... | Power factor | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 5,112 | [
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
41,571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20margin | In telecommunications, the power margin is the difference between available signal power and the minimum signal power needed to overcome system losses and still satisfy the minimum input requirements of the receiver for a given performance level.
System power margin reflects the excess signal level, present at the in... | Power margin | [
"Engineering"
] | 101 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
41,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20channel | In telecommunications, the term primary channel has the following meanings:
The communication channel that is designated as a prime transmission channel and is used as the first choice in restoring priority circuits.
In a communications network, the channel that has the highest data rate of all the channels shari... | Primary channel | [
"Engineering"
] | 116 | [
"Network architecture",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
41,579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20station | In a data communication network, the primary station is the station responsible for unbalanced control of a data link.
The primary station generates commands and interprets responses, and is responsible for initialization of data and control information interchange, organization and control of data flow, retransmissi... | Primary station | [
"Technology"
] | 73 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer network stubs"
] |
41,580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%20time%20standard | In telecommunications, a primary time standard is a time standard that does not require calibration against another time standard.
Examples of primary time, (i.e., frequency standards) are caesium standards and hydrogen masers.
The international second is based on the microwave frequency (9,192,631,770 Hz) associated... | Primary time standard | [
"Physics"
] | 190 | [
"Spacetime",
"Timekeeping",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
41,584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private%20line | In telecommunications, a private line is typically a telephone company service that uses a dedicated, usually unswitched point-to-point circuit, but it may involve private switching arrangements, or predefined transmission physical or virtual paths. Most private lines connect only two locations, but some have multiple... | Private line | [
"Engineering"
] | 330 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Communication circuits"
] |
41,586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation%20constant | The propagation constant of a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave is a measure of the change undergone by the amplitude and phase of the wave as it propagates in a given direction. The quantity being measured can be the voltage, the current in a circuit, or a field vector such as electric field strength or flux density. Th... | Propagation constant | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,932 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electromagnetism",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Quantity",
"Analog circuits",
"Filter theory",
"Electronic engineering",
"Radiation",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Physical properties"
] |
41,587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation%20path%20obstruction | In telecommunications, a propagation path obstruction is a man-made or natural physical feature that lies near enough to a radio path to cause a measurable effect on path loss, exclusive of reflection effects. An obstruction may lie to the side, above, or below the path. Ridges, bridges, cliffs, buildings, and trees ar... | Propagation path obstruction | [
"Physics"
] | 119 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
41,589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective%20distribution%20system | A protective distribution system (PDS), also called protected distribution system, is a US government term for wireline or fiber-optic telecommunication system that includes terminals and adequate acoustical, electrical, electromagnetic, and physical safeguards to permit its use for the unencrypted transmission of clas... | Protective distribution system | [
"Technology"
] | 1,144 | [
"Telecommunications systems"
] |
41,592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisioning%20%28technology%29 | In telecommunications, provisioning involves the process of preparing and equipping a network to allow it to provide new services to its users. In National Security/Emergency Preparedness telecommunications services, "provisioning" equates to "initiation" and includes altering the state of an existing priority servic... | Provisioning (technology) | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,643 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Network access"
] |
41,595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psophometer | In telecommunications, a psophometer is an instrument that measures the perceptible noise of a telephone circuit.
The core of the meter is based on a true RMS voltmeter, which measures the level of the noise signal. This was used for the first psophometers, in the 1930s. As the human-perceived level of noise is more i... | Psophometer | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 217 | [
"Electronic test equipment",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
41,596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psophometric%20voltage | Psophometric voltage is a circuit noise voltage measured with a psophometer that includes a CCIF-1951 weighting network.
"Psophometric voltage" should not be confused with "psophometric emf," i.e., the emf in a generator or line with 600 Ω internal resistance. For practical purposes, the psophometric emf is twice the ... | Psophometric voltage | [
"Engineering"
] | 149 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
41,598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20land%20mobile%20network | In telecommunication, a public land mobile network (PLMN) is a combination of wireless communication services offered by a specific operator in a specific country. A PLMN typically consists of several cellular technologies like GSM/2G, UMTS/3G, LTE/4G, NR/5G, offered by a single operator within a given country, often r... | Public land mobile network | [
"Technology"
] | 649 | [
"nan"
] |
41,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse | In medicine, the pulse is the rhythmic throbbing of each artery in response to the cardiac cycle (heartbeat). The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery or ulnar artery), at the groin (femoral art... | Pulse | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,863 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematics in medicine"
] |
41,605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse%20duration | In signal processing and telecommunications, pulse duration is the interval between the time, during the first transition, that the amplitude of the pulse reaches a specified fraction (level) of its final amplitude, and the time the pulse amplitude drops, on the last transition, to the same level.
The interval between... | Pulse duration | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 159 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing"
] |
41,613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality%20control | Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".
This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elemen... | Quality control | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 603 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Design",
"Applied probability",
"Design for X"
] |
41,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-analog%20signal | In telecommunications, a quasi-analog signal is a digital signal that has been converted to a form suitable for transmission over a specified analog channel.
The specification of the analog channel should include frequency range, bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and envelope delay distortion. When quasi-analog form... | Quasi-analog signal | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 99 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing"
] |
41,616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queuing%20delay | In telecommunications and computer engineering, the queuing delay is the time a job waits in a queue until it can be executed. It is a key component of network delay. In a switched network, queuing delay is the time between the completion of signaling by the call originator and the arrival of a ringing signal at the ca... | Queuing delay | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 796 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Computer engineering"
] |
41,625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometry | Radiometry is a set of techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. Radiometric techniques in optics characterize the distribution of the radiation's power in space, as opposed to photometric techniques, which characterize the light's interaction with the human eye. The fundamental diffe... | Radiometry | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 541 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Quantity",
"Observational astronomy",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Radiation",
"Electrical engineering",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Radiometry"
] |
41,627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20number | A random number is generated by a random (stochastic) process such as throwing Dice. Individual numbers can't be predicted, but the likely result of generating a large quantity of numbers can be predicted by specific mathematical series and statistics.
Algorithms and implementations
Random numbers are frequently used ... | Random number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 357 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Permutations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
41,628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receive-after-transmit%20time%20delay | In telecommunications, receive-after-transmit time delay is the time interval between (a) the instant of keying off the local transmitter to stop transmitting and (b) the instant the local receiver output has increased to 90% of its steady-state value in response to an RF signal from another transmitter.
The RF sign... | Receive-after-transmit time delay | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 127 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Radio technology"
] |
41,630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack-time%20delay | In telecommunications, attack-time delay is the time needed for a receiver or transmitter to respond to an incoming signal.
For a receiver, the attack-time delay is defined as the time interval from the instant a step radio-frequency signal, at a level equal to the receiver's threshold of sensitivity, is applied to th... | Attack-time delay | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 208 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Radio technology"
] |
41,635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery%20procedure | In telecommunications, a recovery procedure is a process that attempts to bring a system back to a normal operating state. Examples:
The actions necessary to restore an automated information system's data files and computational capability after a system failure.
In data communications, a process whereby a data statio... | Recovery procedure | [
"Engineering"
] | 91 | [
"Reliability engineering",
"Fault tolerance"
] |
41,636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference%20circuit | A reference circuit is a hypothetical electric circuit of specified equivalent length and configuration, and having a defined transmission characteristic or characteristics, used primarily as a reference for measuring the performance of other, i.e., real, circuits or as a guide for planning and engineering of circuits ... | Reference circuit | [
"Engineering"
] | 163 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Electronic circuits"
] |
41,639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference%20noise | In telecommunications, reference noise is the magnitude of circuit noise chosen as a reference for measurement.
Many different levels with a number of different weightings are in current use, and care must be taken to ensure that the proper parameters are stated.
Specific ones include: dBa, dBa(F1A), dBa(HA1), dBa... | Reference noise | [
"Engineering"
] | 130 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Communication circuits"
] |
41,641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection%20coefficient | In physics and electrical engineering the reflection coefficient is a parameter that describes how much of a wave is reflected by an impedance discontinuity in the transmission medium. It is equal to the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the incident wave, with each expressed as phasors. For example, it... | Reflection coefficient | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,499 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Computer engineering"
] |
41,644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflectance | The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected at the boundary. Reflectance is a component of the response of the electronic structure of the material to the electromagnetic field of light, and is in ... | Reflectance | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,222 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Physical properties",
"Radiometry"
] |
41,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive%20index%20contrast | Refractive index contrast, in an optical waveguide, such as an optical fiber, is a measure of the relative difference in refractive index of the core and cladding. The refractive index contrast, Δ, is often given by , where n1 is the maximum refractive index in the core (or simply the core index for a step-index profil... | Refractive index contrast | [
"Physics"
] | 280 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Refraction"
] |
41,649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20transmission%20level | In telecommunications, relative transmission level is the ratio of the signal power, at a given point in a transmission system, to a reference signal power.
The ratio is usually determined by applying a standard test tone at zero transmission level point (or applying adjusted test tone power at any other point) and m... | Relative transmission level | [
"Physics"
] | 105 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
41,655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater | In telecommunications, a repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters are used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover longer distances or be received on the other side of an obstruction. Some types of repeaters broadcast an identical signal, but alter its method of... | Repeater | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,260 | [
"Radio electronics",
"nan"
] |
41,658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reradiation | In telecommunications, the term reradiation has the following meanings:
Electromagnetic radiation, at the same or different wavelengths, i.e., frequencies, of energy received from an incident wave.
Undesirable radiation of signals locally generated in a radio receiver. This type of radiation might cause interference o... | Reradiation | [
"Engineering"
] | 125 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Radio communications"
] |
41,660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance | Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when an object or system is subjected to an external force or vibration that matches its natural frequency. When this happens, the object or system absorbs energy from the external force and starts vibrating with a larger amplitude. Resonance can occur in various systems, such as m... | Resonance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 7,436 | [
"Resonance",
"Physical phenomena",
"Waves",
"Scattering",
"Mechanics",
"Oscillation"
] |
41,662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response%20time%20%28technology%29 | In technology, response time is the time a system or functional unit takes to react to a given input.
Computing
In computing, the responsiveness of a service, how long a system takes to respond to a request for service, is measured through the response time. That service can be anything from a memory fetch, to a disk... | Response time (technology) | [
"Technology"
] | 748 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology"
] |
41,663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsivity | Responsivity is a measure of the input–output gain of a detector system. In the specific case of a photodetector, it measures the electrical output per optical input.
A photodetector's responsivity is usually expressed in units of amperes or volts per watt of incident radiant power. For a system that responds linearl... | Responsivity | [
"Engineering"
] | 532 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
41,665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return%20loss | In telecommunications, return loss is a measure in relative terms of the power of the signal reflected by a discontinuity in a transmission line or optical fiber. This discontinuity can be caused by a mismatch between the termination or load connected to the line and the characteristic impedance of the line. It is us... | Return loss | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 926 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
41,666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF%20power%20margin | In telecommunications, the term RF power margin has the following meanings:
The amount of transmitter power above that which is computed by the link designer as the minimum required to meet specified link performance. The RF power margin allows for uncertainties in (a) empirical components of the signal level predic... | RF power margin | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 110 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Radio transmission power",
"Radio technology",
"Power (physics)"
] |
41,667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringaround | In telecommunications, the term ringaround has the following meanings:
The improper routing of a call back through a switching center already engaged in attempting to complete the same call.
In secondary surveillance radar, the presence of false targets declared as a result of transponder interrogation by side lobes o... | Ringaround | [
"Engineering"
] | 67 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
41,669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringdown | In telephony, ringdown is a method of signaling an operator in which telephone ringing current is sent over the line to operate a lamp or cause the operation of a self-locking relay known as a drop.
Ringdown is used in manual operation, and is distinguished from automatic signaling by dialing a number. The signal cons... | Ringdown | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,220 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Communication circuits"
] |
41,670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringer%20equivalence%20number | The ringer equivalence number (REN) is a telecommunications measure that represents the electrical loading effect of a telephone ringer on a telephone line. In the United States, ringer equivalence was first defined by U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 68, based on the load that a standard Bell System mo... | Ringer equivalence number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 601 | [
"Equivalent units",
"Quantity",
"Equivalent quantities",
"Units of measurement"
] |
41,671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20latency | In a ring network, such as Token Ring, ring latency is the time required for a signal to propagate once around the ring. Ring latency may be measured in seconds or in bits at the data transmission rate. Ring latency includes signal propagation delays in the ring medium, the drop cables, and the data stations connected ... | Ring latency | [
"Technology"
] | 77 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer network stubs"
] |
41,672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-trip%20delay | In telecommunications, round-trip delay (RTD) or round-trip time (RTT) is the amount of time it takes for a signal to be sent plus the amount of time it takes for acknowledgement of that signal having been received. This time delay includes propagation times for the paths between the two communication endpoints. In the... | Round-trip delay | [
"Physics"
] | 574 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves",
"Light"
] |
41,675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural%20radio%20service | Rural radiotelephone service (RRTS) provides basic, analog communications service between locations deemed so remote that traditional wireline service or service by other means is not feasible. RRTS uses channelized radio to provide radiotelephone services such as Basic Exchange Telephone Radio Service between a fixed... | Rural radio service | [
"Engineering"
] | 220 | [
"Wireless",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
41,680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrambler | In telecommunications, a scrambler is a device that transposes or inverts signals or otherwise encodes a message at the sender's side to make the message unintelligible at a receiver not equipped with an appropriately set descrambling device. Whereas encryption usually refers to operations carried out in the digital do... | Scrambler | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,461 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Cryptography",
"Applied mathematics",
"Satellite broadcasting"
] |
41,685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20kernel | In telecommunications, the term security kernel has the following meanings:
In computer and communications security, the central part of a computer or communications system hardware, firmware, and software that implements the basic security procedures for controlling access to system resources.
A self-contained usua... | Security kernel | [
"Technology"
] | 132 | [
"Computing terminology"
] |
41,686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20management | Security management is the identification of an organization's assets i.e. including people, buildings, machines, systems and information assets, followed by the development, documentation, and implementation of policies and procedures for protecting assets.
An organization uses such security management procedures fo... | Security management | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,183 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Computer security procedures",
"Network management"
] |
41,687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-synchronizing%20code | In coding theory, especially in telecommunications, a self-synchronizing code is a uniquely decodable code in which the symbol stream formed by a portion of one code word, or by the overlapped portion of any two adjacent code words, is not a valid code word. Put another way, a set of strings (called "code words") over ... | Self-synchronizing code | [
"Engineering"
] | 536 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Synchronization"
] |
41,695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow%20loss | In telecommunications, the term shadow loss has the following meanings:
The attenuation caused to a radio signal by obstructions in the propagation path.
In a reflector antenna, the relative reduction in the effective aperture of the antenna caused by the masking effect of other antenna parts, such as a feed horn... | Shadow loss | [
"Physics"
] | 83 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
41,700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot%20noise | Shot noise or Poisson noise is a type of noise which can be modeled by a Poisson process.
In electronics shot noise originates from the discrete nature of electric charge. Shot noise also occurs in photon counting in optical devices, where shot noise is associated with the particle nature of light.
Origin
In a stat... | Shot noise | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,805 | [
"Point (geometry)",
"Electrical parameters",
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Point processes",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electrical engineering",
"Mesoscopic physics",
"Poisson point processes"
] |
41,702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20compression | Signal compression is the use of various techniques to increase the quality or quantity of signal parameters transmitted through a given telecommunications channel.
Types of signal compression include:
Bandwidth compression
Data compression
Dynamic range compression
Gain compression
Image compression
Lossy compressio... | Signal compression | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 66 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing"
] |
41,705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-crosstalk%20ratio | The signal-to-crosstalk ratio at a specified point in a circuit is the ratio of the power of the wanted signal to the power of the unwanted signal from another channel.
The signals are adjusted in each channel so that they are of equal power at the zero transmission level point in their respective channels.
The sig... | Signal-to-crosstalk ratio | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 81 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Telecommunications"
] |
41,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise%20ratio | Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise. SNR is defined as the ratio of signal power to noise power, often expressed in decibels. A ratio higher than 1:1 (greater than 0 dB) indicates more signal than no... | Signal-to-noise ratio | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,852 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Measurement",
"Acoustics",
"Size",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical engineering",
"Audio engineering",
"Audio amplifier specifications",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
41,707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20transition | Signal transition, when referring to the modulation of a carrier signal, is a change from one significant condition to another.
Examples of signal transitions are a change from one electric current, voltage, or power level to another; a change from one optical power level to another; a phase shift; or a change from o... | Signal transition | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 106 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Radio technology"
] |
41,710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20Network%20Management%20Protocol | Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet Standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behavior. Devices that typically support SNMP include cable modems, routers, network switches, servers, workstatio... | Simple Network Management Protocol | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 6,318 | [
"Information systems",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Network management",
"System administration"
] |
41,719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip%20zone | A skip zone, also called a silent zone or zone of silence, is a region where a radio transmission can not be received. The zone is located between regions both closer and farther from the transmitter where reception is possible.
Cause
When using medium to high-frequency radio telecommunication, there are radio waves w... | Skip zone | [
"Physics"
] | 505 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
41,720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slant%20range | In radio electronics, especially radar terminology, slant range or slant distance is the distance along the relative direction between two points. If the two points are at the same level (relative to a specific datum), the slant distance equals the horizontal distance.
An example of slant range is the distance to an ... | Slant range | [
"Engineering"
] | 175 | [
"Antennas",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
41,721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave%20clock | In telecommunication and horology, a slave clock is a clock that depends on another clock, the master clock. Modern clocks are synchronized through the Internet or by radio time signals, to Coordinated Universal Time. UTC is based on a network of atomic clocks in many countries. For scientific purposes, precision clock... | Slave clock | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 431 | [
"Machines",
"Digital electronics",
"Clocks",
"Measuring instruments",
"Physical systems",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
41,725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20application | A spatial application is a technological application (such as video) requiring high spatial resolution, possibly at the expense of reduced temporal positioning accuracy, such as increased jerkiness.
Examples of spatial applications include the requirement to display small characters and to resolve fine detail in stil... | Spatial application | [
"Engineering"
] | 70 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Display technology"
] |
41,727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific%20detectivity | Specific detectivity, or D*, for a photodetector is a figure of merit used to characterize performance, equal to the reciprocal of noise-equivalent power (NEP), normalized per square root of the sensor's area and frequency bandwidth (reciprocal of twice the integration time).
Specific detectivity is given by , where ... | Specific detectivity | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 756 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantity",
"Physical properties",
"Physical quantities"
] |
41,729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20width | In telecommunications, spectral width is the width of a spectral band, i.e., the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which the magnitude of all spectral components is significant, i.e., equal to or greater than a specified fraction of the largest magnitude.
In fiber-optic communication applications, the usual met... | Spectral width | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 222 | [
"Optical communications",
"Physical phenomena",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Waves",
"Optical quantities"
] |
41,730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed%20of%20service | In telecommunication, speed of service is the time for a message to be received. For example:
The time between release of a message by the originator to receipt of the message by the addressee, as perceived by the end user. (originator-to-recipient speed of service)
The time between entry of a message into a communica... | Speed of service | [
"Engineering"
] | 104 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
41,734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread%20spectrum | In telecommunications, especially radio communication, spread spectrum are techniques by which a signal (e.g., an electrical, electromagnetic, or acoustic) generated with a particular bandwidth is deliberately spread in the frequency domain over a wider frequency band. Spread-spectrum techniques are used for the estab... | Spread spectrum | [
"Physics"
] | 2,061 | [
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
41,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squelch | In telecommunications, squelch is a circuit function that acts to suppress the audio (or video) output of a receiver in the absence of a strong input signal. Essentially, squelch is a specialized type of noise gate designed to suppress weak signals. Squelch is used in two-way radios and VHF/UHF radio scanners to elimin... | Squelch | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,924 | [
"Radio electronics"
] |
41,741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing%20wave | In physics, a standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that oscillates in time but whose peak amplitude profile does not move in space. The peak amplitude of the wave oscillations at any point in space is constant with respect to time, and the oscillations at different points throughout the wave are i... | Standing wave | [
"Physics"
] | 5,212 | [
"Wave mechanics",
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics"
] |
41,742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing%20wave%20ratio | In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave'... | Standing wave ratio | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,963 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics"
] |
41,744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start%20signal | In telecommunications, a start signal is a signal that prepares a device to receive data or to perform a function.
In asynchronous serial communication, start signals are used at the beginning of a character that prepares the receiving device for the reception of the code elements.
A start signal is limited to one ... | Start signal | [
"Engineering"
] | 77 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
41,749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopband | A stopband is a band of frequencies, between specified limits, through which a circuit, such as a filter or telephone circuit, does not allow signals to pass, or the attenuation is above the required stopband attenuation level. Depending on application, the required attenuation within the stopband may typically be a va... | Stopband | [
"Engineering"
] | 311 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Filter theory"
] |
41,750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop%20signal | In telecommunications, a stop signal is a signal that marks the end of part of a transmission, for example:
In asynchronous serial communication, a signal at the end of a character that prepares the receiving device for the reception of a subsequent character. A stop signal is usually limited to one signal element havi... | Stop signal | [
"Engineering"
] | 93 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
41,760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summation%20check | In telecommunications, the term summation check (sum check) has the following meanings:
A checksum based on the formation of the sum of the digits of a numeral.
Note: The sum of the individual digits is usually compared with a previously computed value.
A comparison of checksums on the same data on different occasio... | Summation check | [
"Engineering"
] | 85 | [
"Error detection and correction",
"Reliability engineering"
] |
41,761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervisory%20program | A supervisory program or supervisor is a computer program that is usually referred as an operating system. It controls the execution of other routines such as regulating work schedules, input/output operations, and error actions.
Historically, this term was essentially associated with IBM's line of mainframe operating... | Supervisory program | [
"Technology"
] | 82 | [
"Computing stubs"
] |
41,763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20wave | In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media. A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves. Gravity waves can also occur within liquids, at the interface between two fluids with different densities. Elastic surface ... | Surface wave | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,997 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Surface waves",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
41,764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivability | Survivability is the ability to remain alive or continue to exist. The term has more specific meaning in certain contexts.
Ecological
Following disruptive forces such as flood, fire, disease, war, or climate change some species of flora, fauna, and local life forms are likely to survive more successfully than othe... | Survivability | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,534 | [
"nan"
] |
41,767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronism | Synchronism may refer to:
Synchronism (Davidovsky), compositions by Argentine-American composer Mario Davidovsky incorporating acoustic instruments and electroacoustic sounds
Chronological synchronism, an event that links two chronologies such as historical and datable astronomical events
Synchronization, the coord... | Synchronism | [
"Engineering"
] | 164 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Synchronization"
] |
41,770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous%20orbit | A synchronous orbit is an orbit in which an orbiting body (usually a satellite) has a period equal to the average rotational period of the body being orbited (usually a planet), and in the same direction of rotation as that body.
Simplified meaning
A synchronous orbit is an orbit in which the orbiting object (for exa... | Synchronous orbit | [
"Engineering"
] | 593 | [
"Astrodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
41,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20integrity | In telecommunications, the term system integrity has the following meanings:
That condition of a system wherein its mandated operational and technical parameters are within the prescribed limits.
The quality of an AIS when it performs its intended function in an unimpaired manner, free from deliberate or inadvert... | System integrity | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 132 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Technology systems",
"Reliability engineering",
"Telecommunications systems",
"nan"
] |
41,773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20control | Systems control, in a communications system, is the control and implementation of a set of functions that:
prevent or eliminate degradation of any part of the system,
initiate immediate response to demands that are placed on the system,
respond to changes in the system to meet long range requirements, and
may in... | Systems control | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 129 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Technology systems",
"Telecommunications systems",
"nan"
] |
41,774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20design | The basic study of system design is the understanding of component parts and their subsequent interaction with one another.
Systems design has appeared in a variety of fields, including sustainability, computer/software architecture, and sociology.
Product Development
If the broader topic of product development "ble... | Systems design | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 795 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Computer systems",
"Computer science",
"Software design",
"Design",
"Computers"
] |
41,775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical%20communications | Tactical communications are military communications in which information of any kind, especially orders and military intelligence, are conveyed from one command, person, or place to another upon a battlefield, particularly during the conduct of combat. It includes any kind of delivery of information, whether verbal, wr... | Tactical communications | [
"Engineering"
] | 894 | [
"Military communications",
"Telecommunications engineering"
] |
41,781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical%20control%20facility | In telecommunications, a technical control facility (TCF) is defined by US Federal Standard 1037C as a telecommunications facility, or a designated and specially configured part thereof, that:
contains the equipment necessary for ensuring fast, reliable, and secure exchange of information;
typically includes distri... | Technical control facility | [
"Technology"
] | 150 | [
"Telecommunications systems"
] |
41,782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20service | In telecommunications, a telecommunications service is a service provided by a telecommunications provider, or a specified set of user-information transfer capabilities provided to a group of users by a telecommunications system.
The telecommunications service user is responsible for the information content of the mes... | Telecommunications service | [
"Technology"
] | 221 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications"
] |
41,783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleconference | A teleconference or telecon is a live exchange of information among several people remote from one another but linked by a communications system. Terms such as audio conferencing, telephone conferencing, and phone conferencing are also sometimes used to refer to teleconferencing.
The communications system may support ... | Teleconference | [
"Technology"
] | 230 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications"
] |
41,789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20temperature | Thermodynamic temperature is a quantity defined in thermodynamics as distinct from kinetic theory or statistical mechanics.
Historically, thermodynamic temperature was defined by Lord Kelvin in terms of a macroscopic relation between thermodynamic work and heat transfer as defined in thermodynamics, but the kelvin was... | Thermodynamic temperature | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 10,990 | [
"State functions",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Temperature",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"SI base quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
"Quantity",
"Thermodynamics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
41,790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-order%20intercept%20point | In telecommunications, a third-order intercept point (IP3 or TOI) is a specific figure of merit associated with the more general third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3), which is a measure for weakly nonlinear systems and devices, for example receivers, linear amplifiers and mixers. It is based on the idea that t... | Third-order intercept point | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,857 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Frequency mixers",
"Electronic amplifiers",
"Amplifiers"
] |
41,795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20spanning%20tree | A minimum spanning tree (MST) or minimum weight spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted undirected graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight. That is, it is a spanning tree whose sum of edge weights is as small as possi... | Minimum spanning tree | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,385 | [
"Mathematical problems",
"Computational problems",
"Polynomial-time problems"
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.