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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeon | The word aeon , also spelled eon (in American and Australian English), originally meant "life", "vital force" or "being", "generation" or "a period of time", though it tended to be translated as "age" in the sense of "ages", "forever", "timeless" or "for eternity". It is a Latin transliteration from the ancient Greek ... | Aeon | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 804 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Units of time",
"Quantity",
"Spacetime",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Units of measurement"
] |
1,962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent%20magnitude | Apparent magnitude () is a measure of the brightness of a star, astronomical object or other celestial objects like artificial satellites. Its value depends on its intrinsic luminosity, its distance, and any extinction of the object's light caused by interstellar dust along the line of sight to the observer.
Unless st... | Apparent magnitude | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,043 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Observational astronomy",
"Logarithmic scales of measurement",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
1,963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute%20magnitude | In astronomy, absolute magnitude () is a measure of the luminosity of a celestial object on an inverse logarithmic astronomical magnitude scale; the more luminous (intrinsically bright) an object, the lower its magnitude number. An object's absolute magnitude is defined to be equal to the apparent magnitude that the ob... | Absolute magnitude | [
"Astronomy"
] | 4,008 | [
"Observational astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
1,979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20Centauri | Alpha Centauri (, α Cen, or Alpha Cen) is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It consists of three stars: Rigil Kentaurus (), Toliman (), and Proxima Centauri (). Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the Sun at 4.2465 light-years (1.3020 pc).
and B are Sun-like stars (class G and K, re... | Alpha Centauri | [
"Astronomy"
] | 7,451 | [
"Maunder Minimum",
"Magnetism in astronomy",
"Centaurus",
"Constellations"
] |
1,997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20geometry | Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics which uses abstract algebraic techniques, mainly from commutative algebra, to solve geometrical problems. Classically, it studies zeros of multivariate polynomials; the modern approach generalizes this in a few different aspects.
The fundamental objects of study in algebra... | Algebraic geometry | [
"Mathematics"
] | 7,744 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
2,011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20American%20and%20British%20English | The English language was introduced to the Americas by the arrival of the British, beginning in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The language also spread to numerous other parts of the world as a result of British trade and settlement and the spread of the former British Empire, which, by 1921, included 470–570 ... | Comparison of American and British English | [
"Technology"
] | 14,315 | [
"Natural language and computing",
"Internationalization and localization"
] |
2,018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20J.%20Ayer | Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer ( ; 29 October 1910 – 27 June 1989) was an English philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth, and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956).
Ayer was educated at Eton College and the University of Oxford, after which he ... | A. J. Ayer | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,157 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Logical positivism"
] |
2,021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atle%20Selberg | Atle Selberg (14 June 1917 – 6 August 2007) was a Norwegian mathematician known for his work in analytic number theory and the theory of automorphic forms, and in particular for bringing them into relation with spectral theory. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950 and an honorary Abel Prize in 2002.
Early years
Se... | Atle Selberg | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,089 | [
"Number theorists",
"Number theory"
] |
2,024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber%20Road | The Amber Road was an ancient trade route for the transfer of amber from coastal areas of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Prehistoric trade routes between Northern and Southern Europe were defined by the amber trade.
As an important commodity, sometimes dubbed "the gold of the north", amber ... | Amber Road | [
"Physics"
] | 1,337 | [
"Amorphous solids",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Amber"
] |
2,027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Wiles | Sir Andrew John Wiles (born 11 April 1953) is an English mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at the University of Oxford, specialising in number theory. He is best known for proving Fermat's Last Theorem, for which he was awarded the 2016 Abel Prize and the 2017 Copley Medal and for which he was appoin... | Andrew Wiles | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,816 | [
"Theorems in number theory",
"Fermat's Last Theorem"
] |
2,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avionics | Avionics (a portmanteau of aviation and electronics) are the electronic systems used on aircraft. Avionic systems include communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems, and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions. These can be as simple as a searc... | Avionics | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,946 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Avionics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Electronic engineering",
"Aircraft instruments",
"Electrical engineering"
] |
2,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Grothendieck | Alexander Grothendieck, later Alexandre Grothendieck in French (; ; ; 28 March 1928 – 13 November 2014), was a German-born French mathematician who became the leading figure in the creation of modern algebraic geometry. His research extended the scope of the field and added elements of commutative algebra, homological... | Alexander Grothendieck | [
"Mathematics"
] | 8,107 | [
"Algebra",
"Algebraists"
] |
2,061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20number%20announcement%20circuit | An automatic number announcement circuit (ANAC) is a component of a central office of a telephone company that provides a service to installation and service technicians to determine the telephone number of a telephone line. The facility has a telephone number that may be called to listen to an automatic announcement t... | Automatic number announcement circuit | [
"Mathematics"
] | 762 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers",
"Telephone numbers"
] |
2,080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Fire%20Upon%20the%20Deep | A Fire Upon the Deep is a 1992 science fiction novel by American writer Vernor Vinge. It is a space opera involving superhuman intelligences, aliens, variable physics, space battles, love, betrayal, genocide, and a communication medium resembling Usenet. A Fire Upon the Deep won the Hugo Award in 1993, sharing it with ... | A Fire Upon the Deep | [
"Materials_science"
] | 3,068 | [
"Fiction about nanotechnology",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
2,082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics | Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere.
While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, busines... | Aeronautics | [
"Physics"
] | 2,378 | [
"Spacetime",
"Space",
"Aerospace"
] |
2,112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative%20algebra | In mathematics, an associative algebra A over a commutative ring (often a field) K is a ring A together with a ring homomorphism from K into the center of A. This is thus an algebraic structure with an addition, a multiplication, and a scalar multiplication (the multiplication by the image of the ring homomorphism of ... | Associative algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,551 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebras",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
2,113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom%20of%20regularity | In mathematics, the axiom of regularity (also known as the axiom of foundation) is an axiom of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory that states that every non-empty set A contains an element that is disjoint from A. In first-order logic, the axiom reads:
The axiom of regularity together with the axiom of pairing implies that n... | Axiom of regularity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,643 | [
"Wellfoundedness",
"Mathematical axioms",
"Axioms of set theory",
"Order theory",
"Mathematical induction"
] |
2,115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppleTalk | AppleTalk is a discontinued proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Computer for their Macintosh computers. AppleTalk includes a number of features that allow local area networks to be connected with no prior setup or the need for a centralized router or server of any sort. Connected AppleTalk-equi... | AppleTalk | [
"Engineering"
] | 7,250 | [
"Computer networks engineering",
"Network operating systems"
] |
2,120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliphatic%20compound | In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', b... | Aliphatic compound | [
"Chemistry"
] | 462 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Organic chemistry stubs"
] |
2,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology | Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects. Different cultures have employed forms of astrology since at least the 2... | Astrology | [
"Astronomy"
] | 10,515 | [
"Astrology",
"History of astronomy"
] |
2,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20artificial%20intelligence%20projects | The following is a list of current and past, non-classified notable artificial intelligence projects.
Specialized projects
Brain-inspired
Blue Brain Project, an attempt to create a synthetic brain by reverse-engineering the mammalian brain down to the molecular level.
Google Brain, a deep learning project part of G... | List of artificial intelligence projects | [
"Technology"
] | 2,276 | [
"Computing-related lists"
] |
2,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcology | Arcology, a portmanteau of "architecture" and "ecology", is a field of creating architectural design principles for very densely populated and ecologically low-impact human habitats.
The term was coined in 1969 by architect Paolo Soleri, who believed that a completed arcology would provide space for a variety of resi... | Arcology | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,642 | [
"Environmental design",
"Exploratory engineering",
"Architecture related to utopias",
"Megastructures",
"Design",
"Proposed arcologies",
"Architecture"
] |
2,250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiotic%20stress | Abiotic stress is the negative impact of non-living factors on the living organisms in a specific environment. The non-living variable must influence the environment beyond its normal range of variation to adversely affect the population performance or individual physiology of the organism in a significant way.
Where... | Abiotic stress | [
"Biology"
] | 3,203 | [
"Plants",
"Biodiversity",
"Botany"
] |
2,268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry%20of%20ascorbic%20acid | Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with formula , originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish. It dissolves freely in water to give mildly acidic solutions. It is a mild reducing agent.
Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers), commonly denot... | Chemistry of ascorbic acid | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,857 | [
"Organic acids",
"Natural products",
"Acids",
"Biochemistry",
"Coenzymes",
"Organic compounds",
"Structural biology",
"Biomolecules",
"Corrosion inhibitors",
"Process chemicals",
"Molecular biology"
] |
2,274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. He was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the luminosity of stars, or the radiation generated by accretion onto a compact objec... | Arthur Eddington | [
"Astronomy"
] | 6,692 | [
"Astronomers",
"Presidents of the International Astronomical Union"
] |
2,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinide | The actinide () or actinoid () series encompasses at least the 14 metallic chemical elements in the 5f series, with atomic numbers from 89 to 102, actinium through nobelium. Number 103, lawrencium, is also generally included despite being part of the 6d transition series. The actinide series derives its name from the f... | Actinide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 12,900 | [
"Periodic table"
] |
2,322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20signal%20processing | Audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves—longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energy contained in audio signals or s... | Audio signal processing | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,282 | [
"Audio electronics",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Audio engineering"
] |
2,328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayahuasca | Ayahuasca is a South American psychoactive beverage, traditionally used by Indigenous cultures and folk healers in the Amazon and Orinoco basins for spiritual ceremonies, divination, and healing a variety of psychosomatic complaints.
Originally restricted to areas of Peru, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador, in the middle o... | Ayahuasca | [
"Biology"
] | 8,660 | [
"Biopiracy",
"Biodiversity"
] |
2,330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbe%20number | In optics and lens design, the Abbe number, also known as the Vd-number or constringence of a transparent material, is an approximate measure of the material's dispersion (change of refractive index versus wavelength), with high values of Vd indicating low dispersion. It is named after Ernst Abbe (1840–1905), the Germa... | Abbe number | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 937 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Glass physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Optical quantities"
] |
2,341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid | Alkaloids are a broad class of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids.
Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. They can be purified from crud... | Alkaloid | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,335 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Natural products",
"Alkaloids"
] |
2,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20data%20type | In computer science, an abstract data type (ADT) is a mathematical model for data types, defined by its behavior (semantics) from the point of view of a user of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, possible operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations. This mathematical model con... | Abstract data type | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,008 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical objects",
"Type theory",
"Abstract data types"
] |
2,362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody | An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease. Antibodies can recognize virtually any size antigen, able to perceive ... | Antibody | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 11,074 | [
"Reagents for biochemistry",
"Biochemistry methods",
"Biochemistry",
"Immunology",
"Glycoproteins",
"Glycobiology"
] |
2,389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auger%20effect | The Auger effect (; ) or Auger−Meitner effect is a physical phenomenon in which atoms eject electrons. It occurs when an inner-shell vacancy in an atom is filled by an electron, releasing energy that causes the emission of another electron from a different shell of the same atom.
When a core electron is removed, leavi... | Auger effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 596 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electron spectroscopy",
"Foundational quantum physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Spectroscopy",
" and optical physics"
] |
2,392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anode | An anode usually is an electrode of a polarized electrical device through which conventional current enters the device. This contrasts with a cathode, which is usually an electrode of the device through which conventional current leaves the device. A common mnemonic is ACID, for "anode current into device". The directi... | Anode | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,060 | [
"Electrochemistry",
"Electrodes"
] |
2,393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%20television | Analog television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio. In an analog television broadcast, the brightness, colors and sound are represented by amplitude, phase and frequency of an analog signal.
Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which m... | Analog television | [
"Technology"
] | 8,641 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology"
] |
2,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California and maintains significant operations in Austin, Texas. AMD is a hardware and fabless company that designs and develops central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (G... | AMD | [
"Technology"
] | 13,052 | [
"Computer hardware companies",
"Computers"
] |
2,408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical%20chemistry | Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter. In practice, separation, identification or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method. Separation isolates analytes. Qualitative analysis identifies analytes, while quantit... | Analytical chemistry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 4,040 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
2,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%20computer | An analog computer or analogue computer is a type of computation machine (computer) that uses physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities behaving according to the mathematical principles in question (analog signals) to model the problem being solved. In contrast, digital computers repres... | Analog computer | [
"Technology"
] | 7,751 | [
"History of computing hardware",
"History of computing"
] |
2,443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration | In mechanics, acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Acceleration is one of several components of kinematics, the study of motion. Accelerations are vector quantities (in that they have magnitude and direction). The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by the o... | Acceleration | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,292 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Acceleration",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Kinematic properties",
"Dynamics (mechanics)",
"Vector physical quantities",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
2,457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis | Apoptosis (from ) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin ... | Apoptosis | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 9,058 | [
"Signal transduction",
"Senescence",
"Cellular senescence",
"Immunology",
"Cellular processes",
"Apoptosis",
"Programmed cell death"
] |
2,460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal%20sex | Anal sex or anal intercourse is generally the insertion and thrusting of the erect penis into a person's anus, or anus and rectum, for sexual pleasure. Other forms of anal sex include anal fingering, the use of sex toys, anilingus, pegging, as well as electrostimulation and erotic torture such as figging. Although anal... | Anal sex | [
"Biology"
] | 6,430 | [
"Behavior",
"Sexual acts",
"Sexology",
"Behavioural sciences",
"Sexuality",
"Mating"
] |
2,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abac%C3%A1 | Abacá ( ; ), also known as Manila hemp, is a species of banana, Musa textilis, endemic to the Philippines. The plant grows to , and averages about . The plant has great economic importance, being harvested for its fiber extracted from the leaf-stems.
The lustrous fiber is traditionally hand-loomed into various indi... | Abacá | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,179 | [
"Biodegradation",
"Biodegradable materials",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
2,487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazonite | Amazonite, also known as amazonstone, is a green tectosilicate mineral, a variety of the potassium feldspar called microcline. Its chemical formula is KAlSi3O8, which is polymorphic to orthoclase.
Its name is taken from that of the Amazon River, from which green stones were formerly obtained, though it is unknown whet... | Amazonite | [
"Physics"
] | 853 | [
"Materials",
"Gemstones",
"Matter"
] |
2,499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous%20Transfer%20Mode | Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a telecommunications standard defined by the American National Standards Institute and International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T, formerly CCITT) for digital transmission of multiple types of traffic. ATM was developed to meet the needs of ... | Asynchronous Transfer Mode | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,859 | [
"Networking standards",
"Computer standards",
"Asynchronous Transfer Mode",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
2,500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anus | In mammals, invertebrates and most fish, the anus (: anuses or ani; from Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is the external body orifice at the exit end of the digestive tract (bowel), i.e. the opposite end from the mouth. Its function is to facilitate the expulsion of wastes that remain after digestion.
Bowel contents that p... | Anus | [
"Biology"
] | 696 | [
"Digestive system",
"Organ systems"
] |
2,504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine | Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity; it is also used to treat binge eating disorder in the form of its inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine. Amphetamine... | Amphetamine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 13,240 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Human drug metabolites"
] |
2,506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous%20communication | In telecommunications, asynchronous communication is transmission of data, generally without the use of an external clock signal, where data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream. Any timing required to recover data from the communication symbols is encoded within the symbols.
The most signi... | Asynchronous communication | [
"Engineering"
] | 649 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Synchronization"
] |
4,077,375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directivity | In electromagnetics, directivity is a parameter of an antenna or optical system which measures the degree to which the radiation emitted is concentrated in a single direction. It is the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions. Ther... | Directivity | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,070 | [
"Radio electronics"
] |
4,078,061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papagoite | Papagoite is a rare cyclosilicate mineral. Chemically, it is a calcium copper aluminium silicate hydroxide, found as a secondary mineral on slip surfaces and in altered granodiorite veins, either in massive form or as microscopic crystals that may form spherical aggregates. Its chemical formula is Ca Cu Al Si2O6(O H)3.... | Papagoite | [
"Physics"
] | 232 | [
"Materials",
"Gemstones",
"Matter"
] |
4,079,050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifts%20in%20kind | Gifts in kind, also referred to as in-kind donations, is a kind of charitable giving in which, instead of giving money to buy needed goods and services, the goods and services themselves are given. Gifts in kind are distinguished from gifts of cash or stock. Some types of gifts in kind are appropriate, but others are ... | Gifts in kind | [
"Biology"
] | 1,579 | [
"Behavior",
"Altruism",
"Private aid programs"
] |
4,079,234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassolite | Sassolite is a borate mineral, specifically the mineral form of boric acid. It is usually white to gray, and colourless in transmitted light. It can also take on a yellow colour from sulfur impurities, or brown from iron oxides.
History and occurrence
Its mineral form was first described in 1800, and was named after... | Sassolite | [
"Chemistry"
] | 180 | [
"Luminescence",
"Luminescent minerals"
] |
4,079,600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20useful%20plants | This article contains a list of useful plants, meaning a plant that has been or can be co-opted by humans to fulfill a particular need. Rather than listing all plants on one page, this page instead collects the lists and categories for the different ways in which a plant can be used; some plants may fall into several ... | Lists of useful plants | [
"Biology"
] | 347 | [
"Lists of biota",
"Lists of plants",
"Plants"
] |
4,079,673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20transfer%20function | The optical transfer function (OTF) of an optical system such as a camera, microscope, human eye, or projector is a scale-dependent description of their imaging contrast. Its magnitude is the image contrast of the harmonic intensity pattern, , as a function of the spatial frequency, , while its complex argument indicat... | Optical transfer function | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,925 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
4,079,830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20edible%20flowers | This is a list of edible flowers.
See also
List of culinary herbs and spices
List of edible nuts
Lists of useful plants
References
flowers, edible
flowers, edible
'
flowers, edible
flowers, edible
'flowers
Lists of flowers | List of edible flowers | [
"Biology"
] | 45 | [
"Lists of biota",
"Lists of plants",
"Plants"
] |
4,080,651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypsinization | Trypsinization is the process of cell dissociation using trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme which breaks down proteins, to dissociate adherent cells from the vessel in which they are being cultured. When added to cell culture, trypsin breaks down the proteins that enable the cells to adhere to the vessel. Trypsinization is ... | Trypsinization | [
"Biology"
] | 393 | [
"Model organisms",
"Cell culture"
] |
4,080,917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20transformation%20%28computing%29 | In computing, data transformation is the process of converting data from one format or structure into another format or structure. It is a fundamental aspect of most data integration and data management tasks such as data wrangling, data warehousing, data integration and application integration.
Data transformation ca... | Data transformation (computing) | [
"Technology"
] | 2,199 | [
"Data management",
"Metadata",
"Data"
] |
4,080,976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K252a | K252a is an alkaloid isolated from Nocardiopsis bacteria. This staurosporine analog is a highly potent cell permeable inhibitor of CaM kinase and phosphorylase kinase (IC50 = 1.8 and 1.7 nmol/L, respectively). At higher concentrations it is also an efficient inhibitor of serine/threonine protein kinases (IC50 of 10 to... | K252a | [
"Chemistry"
] | 274 | [
"Alkaloids by chemical classification",
"Indole alkaloids"
] |
4,081,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity%20transform | The identity transform is a data transformation that copies the source data into the destination data without change.
The identity transformation is considered an essential process in creating a reusable transformation library. By creating a library of variations of the base identity transformation, a variety of data... | Identity transform | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,808 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Computer programming",
"Mathematical objects",
"Software engineering",
"Mathematical relations",
"Transforms",
"Computers"
] |
4,081,192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable%20habitat | A Sustainable habitat is an ecosystem that produces food and shelter for people and other organisms, without resource depletion and in such a way that no external waste is produced. Thus the habitat can continue into the future tie without external infusions of resources. Such a sustainable habitat may evolve naturall... | Sustainable habitat | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,017 | [
"Sustainable architecture",
"Environmental social science",
"Architecture"
] |
4,081,215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3H6 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C3H6}}
The molecular formula C3H6 (molar mass: 42.08 g/mol, exact mass: 42.0470 u) may refer to:
Cyclopropane
Propylene, also known as propene | C3H6 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 61 | [
"Isomerism",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas"
] |
4,081,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachbin%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, in the area of complex analysis, Nachbin's theorem (named after Leopoldo Nachbin) is a result used to establish bounds on the growth rates for analytic functions. In particular, Nachbin's theorem may be used to give the domain of convergence of the generalized Borel transform, also called Nachbin summat... | Nachbin's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 897 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical structures",
"Summability methods",
"Theorems in complex analysis"
] |
4,081,616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation%20labelling | Relaxation labelling is an image treatment methodology. Its goal is to associate a label to the pixels of a given image or nodes of a given graph.
See also
Digital image processing
References
Further reading
(Full text: )
(Full text: )
Computer vision | Relaxation labelling | [
"Engineering"
] | 52 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Packaging machinery",
"Computer vision"
] |
4,081,806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti%20%28program%29 | Graffiti is a computer program which makes conjectures in various subfields of mathematics (particularly graph theory) and chemistry, but can be adapted to other fields. It was written by Siemion Fajtlowicz and Ermelinda DeLaViña at the University of Houston. Research on conjectures produced by Graffiti has led to over... | Graffiti (program) | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 96 | [
"Chemistry software",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Mathematical software"
] |
4,082,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20capriccio | A capriccio (Italian: "following one's fancy") is a tempo marking indicating a free and capricious approach to the tempo (and possibly the style) of the piece. This marking will usually modify another, such as lento a capriccio, often used in the Hungarian Rhapsodies of Franz Liszt. Perhaps the most famous piece to us... | A capriccio | [
"Physics"
] | 147 | [
"Spacetime",
"Rhythm and meter",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
4,082,119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D3O | D3O is the namesake ingredient brand of British company D3O Lab, specializing in rate-sensitive impact protection technologies.
The brand comprises more than 30 technologies and materials, including set foams, formable foams, set elastomers, and formable elastomers.
D3O is sold in more than 50 countries. It is used ... | D3O | [
"Physics"
] | 1,095 | [
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
4,082,177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAH%20world%20hypothesis | The PAH world hypothesis is a speculative hypothesis that proposes that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known to be abundant in the universe, including in comets, and assumed to be abundant in the primordial soup of the early Earth, played a major role in the origin of life by mediating the synthesis of RNA mo... | PAH world hypothesis | [
"Biology"
] | 1,463 | [
"Biological hypotheses",
"Origin of life"
] |
4,082,546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12AT7 | 12AT7 (also known in Europe by the Mullard–Philips tube designation of ECC81) is a miniature nine-pin medium-gain (60) dual-triode vacuum tube popular in guitar amplifiers. It belongs to a large family of dual triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (EIA 9A), including in particular the very commonly used low-... | 12AT7 | [
"Physics"
] | 362 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
4,082,574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12AU7 | The 12AU7 and its variants are miniature nine-pin (B9A base) medium-gain dual-triode vacuum tubes. It belongs to a large family of dual-triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (RETMA 9A). 12AU7 is also known in Europe under its Mullard–Philips tube designation ECC82. There are many equivalent tubes with differ... | 12AU7 | [
"Physics"
] | 558 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
4,082,701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting%20reconstruction | Shooting incident reconstruction is the examination of the physical evidence recovered or documented at the scene of a shooting. Shooting reconstruction may also include the laboratory analysis of the evidence recovered at the scene. The goal is an attempt to gain an understanding of what may or may not have happened d... | Shooting reconstruction | [
"Physics"
] | 276 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Ballistics"
] |
4,082,874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace%20bullying | Workplace bullying is a persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes either physical or emotional harm. It includes verbal, nonverbal, psychological, and physical abuse, as well as humiliation. This type of workplace aggression is particularly difficult because, unlike typical school bull... | Workplace bullying | [
"Biology"
] | 10,291 | [
"Behavior",
"Abuse",
"Aggression",
"Organizational behavior",
"Deviance (sociology)",
"Human behavior"
] |
4,082,887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worth%204%20dot%20test | The Worth Four Light Test, also known as the Worth's four dot test or W4LT, is a clinical test mainly used for assessing a patient's degree of binocular vision and binocular single vision. Binocular vision involves an image being projected by each eye simultaneously into an area in space and being fused into a single ... | Worth 4 dot test | [
"Biology"
] | 3,121 | [
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
4,083,089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic%20genealogy | An academic genealogy (or scientific genealogy) organizes a family tree of scientists and scholars according to mentoring relationships, often in the form of dissertation supervision relationships, and not according to genetic relationships as in conventional genealogy. Since the term academic genealogy has now develop... | Academic genealogy | [
"Technology",
"Biology"
] | 589 | [
"Phylogenetics",
"History of science",
"Genealogy",
"History of science and technology"
] |
4,083,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrofusion | Electrofusion is a method of joining MDPE, HDPE and other plastic pipes using special fittings that have built-in electric heating elements which are used to weld the joint together.
The pipes to be joined are cleaned, inserted into the electrofusion fitting and then alignment clamps and a voltage (typically 40V) is a... | Electrofusion | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 470 | [
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Plumbing",
"Construction",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping"
] |
4,083,754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arolsen%20Archives | The Arolsen Archives – International Center on Nazi Persecution formerly the International Tracing Service (ITS), in German Internationaler Suchdienst, in French Service International de Recherches in Bad Arolsen, Germany, is an internationally governed centre for documentation, information and research on Nazi persec... | Arolsen Archives | [
"Biology"
] | 2,602 | [
"Phylogenetics",
"Genealogy"
] |
4,083,808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenanthramide | Avenanthramides (anthranilic acid amides, formerly called "avenalumins") are a group of phenolic alkaloids found mainly in oats (Avena sativa), but also present in white cabbage butterfly eggs (Pieris brassicae and P. rapae), and in fungus-infected carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). A number of studies demonstrate that... | Avenanthramide | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,356 | [
"Chemical ecology",
"Biotechnology products",
"Antibiotics",
"Phytoalexins",
"Biocides"
] |
4,083,815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr%20Korkin | Aleksandr Nikolayevich Korkin (; – ) was a Russian mathematician. He made contribution to the development of partial differential equations, and was second only to Chebyshev among the founders of the Saint Petersburg Mathematical School. Among others, his students included Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev.
Some publications... | Aleksandr Korkin | [
"Mathematics"
] | 113 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysts"
] |
4,083,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Herivel | John William Jamieson Herivel (29 August 1918 – 18 January 2011) was a British science historian and World War II codebreaker at Bletchley Park.
As a codebreaker concerned with Cryptanalysis of the Enigma, Herivel is remembered chiefly for the discovery of what was soon dubbed the Herivel tip or Herivelismus. Heriveli... | John Herivel | [
"Technology"
] | 3,103 | [
"Cryptographic attacks",
"Computer security exploits"
] |
4,083,994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarnhelm | The Tarnhelm is a magic helmet in Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen (written 1848–1874; first perf. 1876). It was crafted by Mime at the demand of his brother Alberich. It is used as a cloak of invisibility by Alberich in Das Rheingold. It also allows one to change one's form:
Alberich changes to a dragon and... | Tarnhelm | [
"Physics"
] | 452 | [
"Magic items",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
4,084,112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20%28horticulture%29 | Division, in horticulture and gardening, is a method of asexual plant propagation, where the plant (usually an herbaceous perennial) is broken up into two or more parts. Each part has an intact root and crown. The technique is of ancient origin, and has long been used to propagate bulbs such as garlic and saffron. Anot... | Division (horticulture) | [
"Biology"
] | 597 | [
"Behavior",
"Asexual reproduction",
"Reproduction"
] |
4,084,346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC%2011801 | International standard ISO/IEC 11801 Information technology — Generic cabling for customer premises specifies general-purpose telecommunication cabling systems (structured cabling) that are suitable for a wide range of applications (analog and ISDN telephony, various data communication standards, building control syste... | ISO/IEC 11801 | [
"Technology"
] | 2,078 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications"
] |
4,084,789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiocyte | A meiocyte is a type of cell that differentiates into a gamete through the process of meiosis. Through meiosis, the diploid meiocyte divides into four genetically different haploid gametes. The control of the meiocyte through the meiotic cell cycle varies between different groups of organisms.
Yeast
The process of mei... | Meiocyte | [
"Biology"
] | 643 | [
"Cell cycle",
"Cellular processes"
] |
4,085,430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur%20size | Size is an important aspect of dinosaur paleontology, of interest to both the general public and professional scientists. Dinosaurs show some of the most extreme variations in size of any land animal group, ranging from tiny hummingbirds, which can weigh as little as two grams, to the extinct titanosaurs, such as Argen... | Dinosaur size | [
"Biology"
] | 2,264 | [
"Animal size",
"Organism size"
] |
4,085,603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses%20pact | A Ulysses pact or Ulysses contract is a freely made decision that is designed and intended to bind oneself in the future. The term is used in medicine, especially in reference to advance directives (also known as living wills), where there is some controversy over whether a decision made by a person in one state of hea... | Ulysses pact | [
"Biology"
] | 583 | [
"Behavior",
"Behavioral economics",
"Behaviorism"
] |
4,085,623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton-85 | Krypton-85 (85Kr) is a radioisotope of krypton.
Krypton-85 has a half-life of 10.756 years and a maximum decay energy of 687 keV. It decays into stable rubidium-85. Its most common decay (99.57%) is by beta particle emission with a maximum energy of 687 keV and an average energy of 251 keV. The second most common dec... | Krypton-85 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,057 | [
"Nuclear fission",
"Isotopes of krypton",
"Isotopes",
"Fission products",
"Nuclear fallout"
] |
4,085,663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katanin | Katanin is a microtubule-severing AAA protein. It is named after the Japanese sword called a katana. Katanin is a heterodimeric protein first discovered in sea urchins. It contains a 60 kDa ATPase subunit, encoded by KATNA1, which functions to sever microtubules. This subunit requires ATP and the presence of microtub... | Katanin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,936 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
4,085,687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplastic%20elastomer | Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), sometimes referred to as thermoplastic rubbers (TPR), are a class of copolymers or a physical mix of polymers (usually a plastic and a rubber) that consist of materials with both thermoplastic and elastomeric properties.
While most elastomers are thermosets, thermoplastic elastomers ar... | Thermoplastic elastomer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 1,941 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Materials",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Polymers",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
4,085,963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coade%20stone | Coade stone or Lithodipyra or Lithodipra () is stoneware that was often described as an artificial stone in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was used for moulding neoclassical statues, architectural decorations and garden ornaments of the highest quality that remain virtually weatherproof today.
Coade stone ... | Coade stone | [
"Engineering"
] | 7,664 | [
"Ceramic engineering",
"Ceramic materials"
] |
566,231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microexpression | A microexpression is a facial expression that only lasts for a short moment. It is the innate result of a voluntary and an involuntary emotional response occurring simultaneously and conflicting with one another, and occurs when the amygdala responds appropriately to the stimuli that the individual experiences and the ... | Microexpression | [
"Biology"
] | 4,021 | [
"Emotion",
"Behavior",
"Human behavior"
] |
566,387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piconet | A piconet is an ad hoc network that links a wireless user group of devices using Bluetooth technology protocols. A piconet consists of two or more devices occupying the same physical channel (synchronized to a common clock and hopping sequence). It allows one master device to interconnect with up to seven active slave ... | Piconet | [
"Technology"
] | 373 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Wireless networking",
"Bluetooth",
"Computer network stubs"
] |
566,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatternet | A scatternet is a type of ad hoc computer network consisting of two or more piconets. The terms "scatternet" and "piconet" are typically applied to Bluetooth wireless technology.
Description
A piconet is the type of connection that is formed between two or more Bluetooth-enabled devices such as modern cell phones. Blu... | Scatternet | [
"Technology"
] | 704 | [
"Wireless networking",
"Bluetooth"
] |
566,520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalog%20of%20Nearby%20Habitable%20Systems | The Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems (HabCat) is a catalogue of star systems which conceivably have habitable planets. The list was developed by scientists Jill Tarter and Margaret Turnbull under the auspices of Project Phoenix, a part of SETI.
The list was based upon the Hipparcos Catalogue (which has 118,218 star... | Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems | [
"Astronomy"
] | 199 | [
"Astronomical catalogue stubs",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrobiology stubs"
] |
566,614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep%20cycle | The sleep cycle is an oscillation between the slow-wave and REM (paradoxical) phases of sleep. It is sometimes called the ultradian sleep cycle, sleep–dream cycle, or REM-NREM cycle, to distinguish it from the circadian alternation between sleep and wakefulness. In humans, this cycle takes 70 to 110 minutes (90 ± 20 mi... | Sleep cycle | [
"Biology"
] | 1,603 | [
"Behavior",
"Sleep physiology",
"Sleep",
"Chronobiology"
] |
566,643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyromitrin | Gyromitrin is a toxin and carcinogen present in several members of the fungal genus Gyromitra, like G. esculenta. Its formula is . It is unstable and is easily hydrolyzed to the toxic compound monomethylhydrazine . Monomethylhydrazine acts on the central nervous system and interferes with the normal use and function of... | Gyromitrin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,092 | [
"Hydrazones",
"Functional groups"
] |
566,680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20Intelligence%3A%20A%20Modern%20Approach | Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (AIMA) is a university textbook on artificial intelligence (AI), written by Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig. It was first published in 1995, and the fourth edition of the book was released on 28 April 2020.
AIMA has been called "the most popular artificial intelligence tex... | Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach | [
"Technology"
] | 457 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer book stubs"
] |
566,866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/880%20%28number%29 | 880 (eight hundred [and] eighty) is the natural number following 879 and preceding 881.
Characteristics
In mathematics and sound
It is the number of 4-by-4 magic squares.
And the triple factorial: 11!!! = 880.
880 is the frequency in hertz of the musical note A5.
Other
880 is also:
The code for international dire... | 880 (number) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 117 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Number stubs",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Integers",
"Numbers"
] |
566,869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-arithmetic%20mean | In mathematics and statistics, the quasi-arithmetic mean or generalised f-mean or Kolmogorov-Nagumo-de Finetti mean is one generalisation of the more familiar means such as the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean, using a function . It is also called Kolmogorov mean after Soviet mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov. It i... | Quasi-arithmetic mean | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,359 | [
"Means",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Symmetry"
] |
566,959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20electrode%20potential | In electrochemistry, standard electrode potential , or , is a measure of the reducing power of any element or compound. The IUPAC "Gold Book" defines it as; "the value of the standard emf (electromotive force) of a cell in which molecular hydrogen under standard pressure is oxidized to solvated protons at the left-han... | Standard electrode potential | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,373 | [
"Electrochemistry",
"Electrochemical concepts",
"Electrochemical potentials"
] |
566,990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Society%20Prizes%20for%20Science%20Books | The Royal Society Science Books Prize is an annual £25,000 prize awarded by the Royal Society to celebrate outstanding popular science books from around the world. It is open to authors of science books written for a non-specialist audience, and since it was established in 1988 has championed writers such as Stephen Ha... | Royal Society Prizes for Science Books | [
"Technology"
] | 385 | [
"Science and technology awards",
"Science writing awards"
] |
567,131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity%20hotspot | A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened by human habitation. Norman Myers wrote about the concept in two articles in The Environmentalist in 1988 and 1990, after which the concept was revised following thorough analysis by Myers and others into "Hotsp... | Biodiversity hotspot | [
"Biology"
] | 1,435 | [
"Biodiversity"
] |
567,292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental%20calculation | Mental calculation consists of arithmetical calculations using only the human brain, with no help from any supplies (such as pencil and paper) or devices such as a calculator. People may use mental calculation when computing tools are not available, when it is faster than other means of calculation (such as conventiona... | Mental calculation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 7,003 | [
"Mental calculation",
"Arithmetic"
] |
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