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567,364	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucilio%20Vanini	Lucilio Vanini (15859 February 1619), who, in his works, styled himself Giulio Cesare Vanini, was an Italian philosopher, physician and free-thinker, who was one of the first significant representatives of intellectual libertinism. He was among the first modern thinkers who viewed the universe as an entity governed by ...	Lucilio Vanini	[ "Biology" ]	5,072	[ "Non-Darwinian evolution", "Biology theories", "Proto-evolutionary biologists" ]
567,391	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachtenberg%20system	The Trachtenberg system is a system of rapid mental calculation. The system consists of a number of readily memorized operations that allow one to perform arithmetic computations very quickly. It was developed by the Russian engineer Jakow Trachtenberg in order to keep his mind occupied while being in a Nazi concentrat...	Trachtenberg system	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,267	[ "Mental calculation", "Arithmetic", "Number theory" ]
567,405	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverfront%20Stadium	Riverfront Stadium, also known as Cinergy Field from 1996 to 2002, was a multi-purpose stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was the home of the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1970 through 2002 and the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL) from 1970 to 1999. Located on the Ohio River i...	Riverfront Stadium	[ "Engineering" ]	3,003	[ "Buildings and structures demolished by controlled implosion", "Architecture" ]
567,445	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob%20Steiner	Jakob Steiner (18 March 1796 – 1 April 1863) was a Swiss mathematician who worked primarily in geometry. Life Steiner was born in the village of Utzenstorf, Canton of Bern. At 18, he became a pupil of Heinrich Pestalozzi and afterwards studied at Heidelberg. Then, he went to Berlin, earning a livelihood there, as in ...	Jakob Steiner	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,306	[ "Geometers", "Geometry" ]
567,472	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud%20condensation%20nuclei	Cloud condensation nuclei (CCNs), also known as cloud seeds, are small particles typically 0.2 μm, or one hundredth the size of a cloud droplet. CCNs are a unique subset of aerosols in the atmosphere on which water vapour condenses. This can affect the radiative properties of clouds and the overall atmosphere. Water va...	Cloud condensation nuclei	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,625	[ "Particulates", "Particle technology" ]
567,484	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormogonium	Hormogonia are motile filaments of cells formed by some cyanobacteria in the order Nostocales and Stigonematales. They are formed during vegetative reproduction in unicellular, filamentous cyanobacteria, and some may contain heterocysts and akinetes. Cyanobacteria differentiate into hormogonia when exposed to an envi...	Hormogonium	[ "Biology" ]	312	[ "Algae", "Cyanobacteria" ]
567,523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message%20authentication%20code	In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity-checking a message. In other words, it is used to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed (its in...	Message authentication code	[ "Engineering" ]	1,842	[ "Error detection and correction", "Reliability engineering" ]
567,527	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional%20designation%20in%20astronomy	Provisional designation in astronomy is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. Approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets re...	Provisional designation in astronomy	[ "Astronomy" ]	5,148	[ "Astronomical nomenclature", "Astronomical objects" ]
567,580	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian%20integral	The Gaussian integral, also known as the Euler–Poisson integral, is the integral of the Gaussian function over the entire real line. Named after the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss, the integral is Abraham de Moivre originally discovered this type of integral in 1733, while Gauss published the precise integ...	Gaussian integral	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,578	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical theorems", "Articles containing proofs", "Mathematical problems" ]
567,667	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicographic%20order	In mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, or dictionary order) is a generalization of the alphabetical order of the dictionaries to sequences of ordered symbols or, more generally, of elements of a totally ordered set. There are several variants and generalizations of the...	Lexicographic order	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,342	[ "Order theory" ]
567,723	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20crossing	A zero-crossing is a point where the sign of a mathematical function changes (e.g. from positive to negative), represented by an intercept of the axis (zero value) in the graph of the function. It is a commonly used term in electronics, mathematics, acoustics, and image processing. In electronics In alternating curren...	Zero crossing	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	635	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Computer engineering", "Signal processing" ]
567,743	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%E2%80%93Liouville%20integral	In mathematics, the Riemann–Liouville integral associates with a real function another function of the same kind for each value of the parameter . The integral is a manner of generalization of the repeated antiderivative of in the sense that for positive integer values of , is an iterated antiderivative of of orde...	Riemann–Liouville integral	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,093	[ "Fractional calculus", "Calculus" ]
567,826	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic%20Mathematics	Vedic Mathematics is a book written by Indian Shankaracharya Bharati Krishna Tirtha and first published in 1965. It contains a list of mathematical techniques which were falsely claimed to contain advanced mathematical knowledge. The book was posthumously published under its deceptive title by editor V. S. Agrawala, wh...	Vedic Mathematics	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,837	[ "Mental calculation", "Arithmetic" ]
567,840	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution%20set	In mathematics, the solution set of a system of equations or inequality is the set of all its solutions, that is the values that satisfy all equations and inequalities. Also, the solution set or the truth set of a statement or a predicate is the set of all values that satisfy it. If there is no solution, the solution...	Solution set	[ "Mathematics" ]	491	[ "Mathematical objects", "Equations" ]
567,883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly%20harmonic%20function	In mathematics, a function is weakly harmonic in a domain if for all with compact support in and continuous second derivatives, where Δ is the Laplacian. This is the same notion as a weak derivative, however, a function can have a weak derivative and not be differentiable. In this case, we have the somewhat sur...	Weakly harmonic function	[ "Mathematics" ]	108	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis stubs" ]
567,927	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20hockey%20rink	An ice hockey rink is an ice rink that is specifically designed for ice hockey, a competitive team sport. Alternatively it is used for other sports such as broomball, ringette, rinkball, and rink bandy. It is a rectangle with rounded corners and surrounded by walls approximately high called the boards. Name origins ...	Ice hockey rink	[ "Engineering" ]	1,769	[ "Structural engineering", "Ice rinks" ]
567,946	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin%E2%80%93Helmholtz%20instability	The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (after Lord Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz) is a fluid instability that occurs when there is velocity shear in a single continuous fluid or a velocity difference across the interface between two fluids. Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are visible in the atmospheres of planets and moons...	Kelvin–Helmholtz instability	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	791	[ "Physical phenomena", "Fluid dynamic instabilities", "Chemical engineering", "Plasma phenomena", "Plasma instabilities", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
568,048	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighting%20in%20ice%20hockey	Fighting is an established tradition in North American ice hockey, with a long history that involves many levels of amateur and professional play and includes some notable individual fights. Fights may be fought by enforcers, or "goons" ()—players whose role is to fight and intimidate—on a given team, and are governed ...	Fighting in ice hockey	[ "Biology" ]	7,278	[ "Behavior", "Aggression", "Human behavior" ]
568,248	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralanguage	Paralanguage, also known as vocalics, is a component of meta-communication that may modify meaning, give nuanced meaning, or convey emotion, by using techniques such as prosody, pitch, volume, intonation, etc. It is sometimes defined as relating to nonphonemic properties only. Paralanguage may be expressed consciously...	Paralanguage	[ "Biology" ]	2,486	[ "Human communication", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
568,646	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified%20Instructional%20Computer	The Simplified Instructional Computer (abbreviated SIC) is a hypothetical computer system introduced in System Software: An Introduction to Systems Programming, by Leland Beck. Due to the fact that most modern microprocessors include subtle, complex functions for the purposes of efficiency, it can be difficult to learn...	Simplified Instructional Computer	[ "Technology" ]	2,170	[ "Computer science education", "Computer science" ]
568,674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence%20electron	In chemistry and physics, valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outermost shell is not closed. In a single covalent bond, a shared pair forms with both atoms in the bond each contributing one valence electron. The presence...	Valence electron	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	2,651	[ "Electron", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Chemical bonding", "Electron states" ]
568,726	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%20star	A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms gi...	Giant star	[ "Astronomy" ]	2,583	[ "Star types", "Astronomical classification systems" ]
568,755	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism%20%28architecture%29	In architecture, functionalism is the principle that buildings should be designed based solely on their purpose and function. An international functionalist architecture movement emerged in the wake of World War I, as part of the wave of Modernism. Its ideas were largely inspired by a desire to build a new and better w...	Functionalism (architecture)	[ "Engineering" ]	3,303	[ "Architectural theory", "Architecture" ]
568,824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert%20Research%20Institute	Desert Research Institute (DRI) is a nonprofit research campus of the Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE) and a sister property of the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR), the organization that oversees all publicly supported higher education in the U.S. state of Nevada. At DRI, approximately 500 research faculty and...	Desert Research Institute	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	734	[ "Nuclear research institutes", "Nuclear organizations", "Environmental research institutes", "Atmospheric dispersion modeling", "Environmental engineering", "Environmental modelling", "Environmental research" ]
568,901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppository	A suppository is a dosage form used to deliver medications by insertion into a body orifice (any opening in the body), where it dissolves or melts to exert local or systemic effects. There are three types of suppositories, each to insert into a different sections: rectal suppositories into the rectum, vaginal supposito...	Suppository	[ "Chemistry" ]	564	[ "Pharmacology", "Drug delivery devices", "Routes of administration" ]
568,911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual%20penetration	Sexual penetration is the insertion of a body part or other object into a body orifice, such as the mouth, vagina or anus, as part of human sexual activity or sexual behavior in non-human animals. The term is most commonly used in statute law in the context of proscribing certain sexual activities. Terms such as "sex...	Sexual penetration	[ "Biology" ]	535	[ "Sexual acts", "Behavior", "Sexuality", "Mating" ]
568,942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Regulations%20for%20Preventing%20Collisions%20at%20Sea	The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, also known as Collision Regulations (COLREGs), are published by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and set out, among other things, the "rules of the road" or navigation rules to be followed by ships and other vessels at sea to prevent coll...	International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	5,006	[ "Naval architecture", "Physical systems", "Transport", "International transport", "Marine engineering" ]
568,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward%20chaining	Forward chaining (or forward reasoning) is one of the two main methods of reasoning when using an inference engine and can be described logically as repeated application of modus ponens. Forward chaining is a popular implementation strategy for expert systems, business and production rule systems. The opposite of forw...	Forward chaining	[ "Technology" ]	783	[ "Information systems", "Expert systems" ]
568,963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basement	A basement or cellar is one or more floors of a building that are completely or partly below the ground floor. Especially in residential buildings, it often is used as a utility space for a building, where such items as the furnace, water heater, breaker panel or fuse box, car park, and air-conditioning system are loca...	Basement	[ "Engineering" ]	5,528	[ "Structural engineering", "Building engineering", "Rooms", "Construction", "Civil engineering", "Architecture" ]
568,967	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward%20chaining	Backward chaining (or backward reasoning) is an inference method described colloquially as working backward from the goal. It is used in automated theorem provers, inference engines, proof assistants, and other artificial intelligence applications. In game theory, researchers apply it to (simpler) subgames to find a s...	Backward chaining	[ "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	970	[ "Information systems", "Mathematical logic", "Logic in computer science", "Expert systems" ]
568,978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccoloba%20uvifera	Coccoloba uvifera is a species of tree and flowering plant in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae, that is native to coastal beaches throughout tropical America and the Caribbean, including central & southern Florida, the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and Bermuda. Common names include seagrape and baygrape. ...	Coccoloba uvifera	[ "Chemistry" ]	941	[ "Halophytes", "Salts" ]
569,092	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral%20modernity	Behavioral modernity is a suite of behavioral and cognitive traits believed to distinguish current Homo sapiens from other anatomically modern humans, hominins, and primates. Most scholars agree that modern human behavior can be characterized by abstract thinking, planning depth, symbolic behavior (e.g., art, ornamenta...	Behavioral modernity	[ "Biology" ]	4,640	[ "Evolutionary biology", "Behavior", "Anatomically modern humans", "Recent African origin of modern humans", "Biological hypotheses", "Human behavior" ]
569,111	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basionym	In the scientific name of organisms, basionym or basyonym means the original name on which a new name is based; the author citation of the new name should include the authors of the basionym in parentheses. The term "basionym" is used in both botany and zoology. In zoology, alternate terms such as original combination ...	Basionym	[ "Biology" ]	1,037	[ "Botanical nomenclature", "Zoological nomenclature", "Botanical terminology", "Biological nomenclature" ]
569,123	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Deisenhofer	Johann Deisenhofer (; born September 30, 1943) is a German biochemist who, along with Hartmut Michel and Robert Huber, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 for their determination of the first crystal structure of an integral membrane protein, a membrane-bound complex of proteins and co-factors that is essent...	Johann Deisenhofer	[ "Chemistry" ]	415	[ "Biochemists", "Photochemists", "Photosynthesis", "Researchers of photosynthesis" ]
569,154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual%20calendar	A perpetual calendar is a calendar valid for many years, usually designed to look up the day of the week for a given date in the past or future. For the Gregorian and Julian calendars, a perpetual calendar typically consists of one of three general variations: Fourteen one-year calendars, plus a table to show which ...	Perpetual calendar	[ "Physics" ]	1,563	[ "Spacetime", "Calendars", "Physical quantities", "Time" ]
569,180	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20propagation	Plant propagation is the process by which new plants grow from various sources, including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. Plant propagation can refer to both man-made and natural processes. Propagation typically occurs as a step in the overall cycle of plant growth. For seeds, it happens after ripening and dis...	Plant propagation	[ "Biology" ]	1,030	[ "Behavior", "Plant reproduction", "Plants", "Reproduction" ]
569,263	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute-phase%20protein	Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are a class of proteins whose concentrations in blood plasma either increase (positive acute-phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute-phase proteins) in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction (also called acute-phase response). The acute-phase reaction ...	Acute-phase protein	[ "Biology" ]	924	[ "Immune system", "Organ systems" ]
569,315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl%20ether	Dimethyl ether (DME; also known as methoxymethane) is the organic compound with the formula CH3OCH3, (sometimes ambiguously simplified to C2H6O as it is an isomer of ethanol). The simplest ether, it is a colorless gas that is a useful precursor to other organic compounds and an aerosol propellant that is currently bei...	Dimethyl ether	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,254	[ "Organic compounds", "Organic compounds with 2 carbon atoms", "Fuels", "Chemical energy sources" ]
569,399	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus%20%28physiology%29	In physiology, a stimulus is a change in a living thing's internal or external environment. This change can be detected by an organism or organ using sensitivity, and leads to a physiological reaction. Sensory receptors can receive stimuli from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptor...	Stimulus (physiology)	[ "Biology" ]	4,405	[ "Plant intelligence", "Plants" ]
569,403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pic%20du%20Midi%20de%20Bigorre	The Pic du Midi de Bigorre or simply the Pic du Midi (elevation ) is a mountain in the French Pyrenees. It is the site of the Pic du Midi Observatory. Pic du Midi Observatory The Pic du Midi Observatory () is an astronomical observatory located at 2,877 meters on top of the Pic du Midi de Bigorre in the French Pyren...	Pic du Midi de Bigorre	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,411	[ "International Dark Sky Reserves", "Dark-sky preserves" ]
569,444	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction%20%28physiology%29	In physiology, transduction is the translation of arriving stimulus into an action potential by a sensory receptor. It begins when stimulus changes the membrane potential of a sensory receptor. A sensory receptor converts the energy in a stimulus into an electrical signal. Receptors are broadly split into two main cat...	Transduction (physiology)	[ "Biology" ]	653	[ "Physiology" ]
569,460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program%20slicing	In computer programming, program slicing is the computation of the set of program statements, the program slice, that may affect the values at some point of interest, referred to as a slicing criterion. Program slicing can be used in debugging to locate source of errors more easily. Other applications of slicing includ...	Program slicing	[ "Engineering" ]	1,758	[ "Software engineering", "Software maintenance" ]
569,480	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor%20%28biochemistry%29	In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. These signals are typically chemical messengers which bind to a receptor and produce physiological responses such as change in the electrical activ...	Receptor (biochemistry)	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,857	[ "Cell biology", "Membrane biology", "Signal transduction", "Receptors", "Molecular biology" ]
2,151,080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosta%20%27Undulata%27	Hosta 'Undulata' is a cultivar of the genus Hosta, widely cultivated as ornamental plants in borders or as specimen plants. It was formerly regarded as a species under the name Hosta undulata (Otto & A.Dietr.) L.H.Bailey. It is not accepted as a species by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families , and has been ...	Hosta 'Undulata'	[ "Biology" ]	606	[ "Biological hypotheses", "Controversial taxa", "Unplaced names" ]
2,151,162	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat%20Genome%20Database	The Rat Genome Database (RGD) is a database of rat genomics, genetics, physiology and functional data, as well as data for comparative genomics between rat, human and mouse. RGD is responsible for attaching biological information to the rat genome via structured vocabulary, or ontology, annotations assigned to genes an...	Rat Genome Database	[ "Biology" ]	4,776	[ "Model organism databases", "Model organisms" ]
2,151,329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s%20simplex	In mathematics, Pascal's simplex is a generalisation of Pascal's triangle into arbitrary number of dimensions, based on the multinomial theorem. Generic Pascal's m-simplex Let m () be a number of terms of a polynomial and n () be a power the polynomial is raised to. Let m denote a Pascal's m-simplex. Each Pascal's m...	Pascal's simplex	[ "Mathematics" ]	818	[ "Factorial and binomial topics", "Triangles of numbers", "Combinatorics" ]
2,151,421	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer%20overflow	In computer programming, an integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation on integers attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of digits – either higher than the maximum or lower than the minimum representable value. The most common result of an...	Integer overflow	[ "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	3,696	[ "Computer arithmetic", "Arithmetic", "Computer security exploits" ]
2,151,656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%20tank	A wave tank is a laboratory setup for observing the behavior of surface waves. The typical wave tank is a box filled with liquid, usually water, leaving open or air-filled space on top. At one end of the tank, an actuator generates waves; the other end usually has a wave-absorbing surface. A similar device is the rippl...	Wave tank	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	600	[ "Scale modeling", "Physical phenomena", "Water waves", "Hydrodynamics", "Waves", "Experimental physics", "Physical objects", "Physical models", "Matter", "Fluid dynamics" ]
2,151,693	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassegrain%20reflector	The Cassegrain reflector is a combination of a primary concave mirror and a secondary convex mirror, often used in optical telescopes and radio antennas, the main characteristic being that the optical path folds back onto itself, relative to the optical system's primary mirror entrance aperture. This design puts the fo...	Cassegrain reflector	[ "Physics" ]	2,054	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Radio frequency propagation", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves" ]
2,151,745	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfunctor	In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a subfunctor is a special type of functor that is an analogue of a subset. Definition Let C be a category, and let F be a contravariant functor from C to the category of sets Set. A contravariant functor G from C to Set is a subfunctor of F if For all objects c of C, G(c)...	Subfunctor	[ "Mathematics" ]	702	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical objects", "Mathematical relations", "Category theory", "Functors" ]
2,151,928	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-SG%20reducing%20agent	In M-SG an alkali metal is absorbed into silica gel at elevated temperatures. The resulting black powder material is an effective reducing agent and safe to handle as opposed to the pure metal. The material can also be used as a desiccant and as a hydrogen source. The metal is either sodium or a sodium - potassium al...	M-SG reducing agent	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	317	[ "Redox", "Reducing agents", "Desiccants", "Materials", "Matter" ]
2,151,949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mott%20problem	The Mott problem is an iconic challenge to quantum mechanics theory: how can the prediction of spherically symmetric wave function result in linear tracks seen in a cloud chamber. The problem was first formulated in 1927 by Albert Einstein and Max Born and solved in 1929 by Nevill Francis Mott. Mott's solution notably ...	Mott problem	[ "Physics" ]	1,334	[ "Quantum measurement", "Quantum mechanics" ]
2,152,071	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical%20astronomy	Historical astronomy is the science of analysing historic astronomical data. The American Astronomical Society (AAS), established 1899, states that its Historical Astronomy Division "...shall exist for the purpose of advancing interest in topics relating to the historical nature of astronomy. By historical astronomy we...	Historical astronomy	[ "Astronomy" ]	431	[ "Astronomy stubs", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "History of astronomy" ]
2,152,181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20chemical%20elements	118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC. A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of...	List of chemical elements	[ "Chemistry" ]	266	[ "Lists of chemical elements" ]
2,152,217	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeRTOS	FreeRTOS is a real-time operating system kernel for embedded devices that has been ported to 40 microcontroller platforms. It is distributed under the MIT License. History The FreeRTOS kernel was originally developed by Richard Barry around 2003, and was later developed and maintained by Barry's company, Real Time En...	FreeRTOS	[ "Technology" ]	1,490	[ "Real-time computing", "Real-time operating systems" ]
2,152,225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-layer%20chromatography	Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures. It is performed on a TLC plate made up of a non-reactive solid coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. This is called the stationary phase. The sample is deposited on the plate, which is eluted wit...	Thin-layer chromatography	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,416	[ "Chromatography", "Separation processes" ]
2,152,230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20bungee	The reverse bungee (also known as catapult bungee, slingshot, or ejection seat) is a modern type of fairground ride. The ride consists of two telescopic gantry towers mounted on a platform, feeding two elastic ropes down to a two-person passenger car constructed from an open sphere of tubular steel. The passenger car ...	Reverse bungee	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	220	[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Amusement rides" ]
2,152,318	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armature%20%28electrical%29	In electrical engineering, the armature is the winding (or set of windings) of an electric machine which carries alternating current. The armature windings conduct AC even on DC machines, due to the commutator action (which periodically reverses current direction) or due to electronic commutation, as in brushless DC mo...	Armature (electrical)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,634	[ "Electrical engineering", "Engines", "Electric motors" ]
2,152,371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol%20%28data%20page%29	This page provides supplementary chemical data on methanol. Safety Data Sheet The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Safety Datasheet (SDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. SDS is available at MS...	Methanol (data page)	[ "Chemistry" ]	306	[ "Chemical data pages", "nan" ]
2,152,426	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone%20furnace	A cyclone furnace is a type of coal combustor commonly used in large industrial boilers. Background Developed in the early 1942 by Babcock & Wilcox to take advantage of coal grades not suitable for pulverized coal combustion, cyclone furnaces feed coal in a spiral manner into a combustion chamber for maximum combustio...	Cyclone furnace	[ "Chemistry" ]	608	[ "Metallurgical processes", "Boilers", "Industrial furnaces", "Pressure vessels" ]
2,152,465	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiisomorphism	In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an antiisomorphism (or anti-isomorphism) between structured sets A and B is an isomorphism from A to the opposite of B (or equivalently from the opposite of A to B). If there exists an antiisomorphism between two structures, they are said to be antiisomorphic. Intuitively, ...	Antiisomorphism	[ "Mathematics" ]	362	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical structures", "Mathematical objects", "Ring theory", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Category theory", "Mathematical relations", "Morphisms" ]
2,152,618	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COSILAB	COSILAB is a software tool for solving complex chemical kinetics problems. It is used worldwide in research and industry, in particular in automotive, combustion, and chemical processing applications. Problems to be solved by COSILAB may involve thousands of reactions amongst hundreds of species for practically any m...	COSILAB	[ "Chemistry" ]	277	[ "Computational chemistry software", "Chemistry software", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Computational chemistry stubs", "Combustion", "Computational chemistry", "Chemical reaction stubs", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Chemical process stubs" ]
2,152,676	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password-authenticated%20key%20agreement	In cryptography, a password-authenticated key agreement (PAK) method is an interactive method for two or more parties to establish cryptographic keys based on one or more parties' knowledge of a password. An important property is that an eavesdropper or man-in-the-middle cannot obtain enough information to be able to ...	Password-authenticated key agreement	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,313	[ "Applied mathematics", "Cryptography", "Cybersecurity engineering" ]
2,152,687	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Woods%20State%20Park	Warren Woods State Park is a nature preserve and public recreation area in Berrien County, Michigan, near the village of Three Oaks. The state park is leased by private owners to the state of Michigan. History The woods are named for Edward Kirk Warren (1847-1919), the inventor of the featherbone corset (which replac...	Warren Woods State Park	[ "Biology" ]	461	[ "Old-growth forests", "Ecosystems" ]
2,152,689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boardroom%20coup	A boardroom coup is a sudden and often unexpected takeover or transfer of power of an organisation or company. The coup is usually performed by an individual or a small group usually from within the corporation in order to seize power. A boardroom coup draws upon the ideas of a coup d'état in the same way that a corru...	Boardroom coup	[ "Biology" ]	1,517	[ "Behavior", "Organizational behavior", "Human behavior" ]
2,152,845	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apterygota	The name Apterygota is sometimes applied to a former subclass of small, agile insects, distinguished from other insects by their lack of wings in the present and in their evolutionary history; notable examples are the silverfish, the firebrat, and the jumping bristletails. Their first known occurrence in the fossil rec...	Apterygota	[ "Biology" ]	975	[ "Phylogenetics", "Paraphyletic groups" ]
2,153,158	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masahiko%20Fujiwara	Masahiko Fujiwara (; born July 9, 1943, in Shinkyo, Manchukuo) is a Japanese mathematician and writer who is known for his book The Dignity of the Nation. He is a professor emeritus at Ochanomizu University. Life Masahiko Fujiwara is the son of Jirō Nitta and Tei Fujiwara, who were both authors. He graduated from the ...	Masahiko Fujiwara	[ "Mathematics" ]	368	[ "Recreational mathematics", "Number theorists", "Recreational mathematicians", "Number theory" ]
2,153,281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20star%20%28Newtonian%20mechanics%29	A dark star is a theoretical object compatible with Newtonian mechanics that, due to its large mass, has a surface escape velocity that equals or exceeds the speed of light. Whether light is affected by gravity under Newtonian mechanics is unclear but if it were accelerated the same way as projectiles, any light emitt...	Dark star (Newtonian mechanics)	[ "Physics" ]	923	[ "Black holes", "Stellar black holes", "Theoretical physics", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Astrophysics", "Dark concepts in astrophysics", "Obsolete theories in physics" ]
2,153,318	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana%20Foundation	The Dana Foundation (Charles A. Dana Foundation) is a private philanthropic organization based in New York dedicated to advancing neuroscience and society by supporting cross-disciplinary intersections such as neuroscience and ethics, law, policy, humanities, and arts. Leadership The foundation was founded in 1950 by...	Dana Foundation	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	678	[ "Biotechnology organizations", "Biomedical research foundations" ]
2,153,462	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflector%20%28antenna%29	An antenna reflector is a device that reflects electromagnetic waves. Antenna reflectors can exist as a standalone device for redirecting radio frequency (RF) energy, or can be integrated as part of an antenna assembly. Standalone reflectors The function of a standalone reflector is to redirect electromagnetic (EM) ...	Reflector (antenna)	[ "Engineering" ]	825	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Satellite broadcasting" ]
2,153,700	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prontosil	Prontosil is an antibacterial drug of the sulfonamide group. It has a relatively broad effect against gram-positive cocci but not against enterobacteria. One of the earliest antimicrobial drugs, it was widely used in the mid-20th century but is little used today because better options now exist. The discovery and devel...	Prontosil	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,547	[ "Chemicals in medicine", "Prodrugs" ]
2,153,809	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seating%20capacity	Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The la...	Seating capacity	[ "Physics" ]	838	[ "Physical systems", "Transport", "Transport law" ]
2,154,069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilloma	A papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata) (papillo- + -oma) is a benign epithelial tumor growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context, papilla refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla (such as the nipple)....	Papilloma	[ "Chemistry" ]	573	[ "Histopathology", "Microscopy" ]
2,154,197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracosauria	Anthracosauria is an order of extinct reptile-like amphibians (in the broad sense) that flourished during the Carboniferous and early Permian periods, although precisely which species are included depends on one's definition of the taxon. "Anthracosauria" is sometimes used to refer to all tetrapods more closely related...	Anthracosauria	[ "Biology" ]	1,064	[ "Phylogenetics", "Paraphyletic groups" ]
2,154,225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psocoptera	Psocoptera () are a paraphyletic group of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. The name Psocoptera has been replaced with Psocodea in recent literature, with the inclusion of the former order Phthiraptera into Psocodea (as part of the suborder Troctomorpha). These insects first appeared ...	Psocoptera	[ "Biology" ]	1,185	[ "Phylogenetics", "Paraphyletic groups" ]
2,154,303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licenciado%20Gustavo%20D%C3%ADaz%20Ordaz%20International%20Airport	Licenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport (), simply known as Puerto Vallarta International Airport (), is an international airport serving Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. It serves as a gateway to the Mexican tourist destination of Riviera Nayarit and the Jalisco coast year-round, offering flights to and f...	Licenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport	[ "Technology" ]	1,028	[ "Global Positioning System", "WAAS reference stations" ]
2,154,325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis%20indica	Cannabis indica is an annual plant species in the family Cannabaceae indigenous to the Hindu Kush mountains of Southern Asia. The plant produces large amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), with total cannabinoid levels being as high as 53.7%. It is now widely grown in China, India, Ne...	Cannabis indica	[ "Biology" ]	803	[ "Cannabis strains", "Biopiracy" ]
2,154,347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis%20ruderalis	Cannabis ruderalis is a variety, subspecies, or species of Cannabis native to Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. It contains a relatively low quantity of psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and does not require photoperiod to blossom (unlike C. indica and C. sativa). Some scholars accept C. ruderalis a...	Cannabis ruderalis	[ "Biology" ]	1,432	[ "Cannabis strains", "Biopiracy" ]
2,154,371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme%20ultraviolet%20lithography	Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL, also known simply as EUV) is a technology used in the semiconductor industry for manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs). It is a type of photolithography that uses 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light from a laser-pulsed tin (Sn) plasma to create intricate patterns on semicond...	Extreme ultraviolet lithography	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	12,510	[ "Microtechnology", "Ultraviolet radiation", "Extreme ultraviolet", "Nanotechnology", "Lithography (microfabrication)" ]
2,154,436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next-generation%20lithography	Next-generation lithography or NGL is a term used in integrated circuit manufacturing to describe the lithography technologies in development which are intended to replace current techniques. Driven by Moore's law in the semiconductor industries, the shrinking of the chip size and critical dimension continues. The term...	Next-generation lithography	[ "Materials_science" ]	1,318	[ "Nanotechnology", "Microtechnology", "Lithography (microfabrication)" ]
2,154,534	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroascorbic%20acid	Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is an oxidized form of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It is actively imported into the endoplasmic reticulum of cells via glucose transporters. It is trapped therein by reduction back to ascorbic acid by glutathione and other thiols. The (free) chemical radical semidehydroascorbic acid (SDA) als...	Dehydroascorbic acid	[ "Chemistry" ]	898	[ "Organic acids", "Acids", "Redox", "Oxidizing agents", "Organic compounds" ]
2,154,537	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NanoInk	NanoInk, Inc. was a nanotechnology company headquartered in Skokie, Illinois, with a MEMS fabrication facility in Campbell, California. Overview A spin-off of Northwestern University and founded by Northwestern professor Chad Mirkin, NanoInk specialized in nanometer-scale manufacturing and applications development for...	NanoInk	[ "Materials_science" ]	310	[ "Nanotechnology", "Nanotechnology institutions", "Nanotechnology companies" ]
2,154,567	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techreport	Techreport (formerly "The Tech Report") is one of the oldest hardware, news, and tech review sites. Techreport specialized in hardware and produced quarterly system build guides at various price points, and occasional price vs. performance scatter plots. It has an online community and used to have an active podcast. So...	Techreport	[ "Technology" ]	1,791	[ "Computing websites" ]
2,154,572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobiotechnology	Nanobiotechnology, bionanotechnology, and nanobiology are terms that refer to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies. This discipline helps to indi...	Nanobiotechnology	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	4,320	[ "Materials science", "Biotechnology", "Nanomedicine", "nan", "Nanotechnology" ]
2,154,601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyndrickxia%20coagulans	Heyndrickxia coagulans (formerly Bacillus coagulans) is a lactic acid–forming bacterial species. This species was transferred to Weizmannia in 2020, then to Heyndrickxia in 2023. Description H. coagulans is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive, spore-forming, motile, facultative anaerobe rod that measures approximately...	Heyndrickxia coagulans	[ "Biology" ]	871	[ "Digestive system", "Organ systems" ]
2,154,737	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention%20basin	A detention basin or retarding basin is an excavated area installed on, or adjacent to, tributaries of rivers, streams, lakes or bays to protect against flooding and, in some cases, downstream erosion by storing water for a limited period of time. These basins are also called dry ponds, holding ponds or dry detention b...	Detention basin	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	598	[ "Hydrology", "Water treatment", "Stormwater management", "Chemical engineering", "Water supply", "Water pollution", "Physical systems", "Construction", "Hydraulics", "Civil engineering", "Environmental engineering", "Water technology", "Hydraulic engineering", "Infrastructure" ]
2,154,814	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Cinema%20Initiatives	Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC (DCI) is a consortium of major motion picture studios, formed to establish specifications for a common systems architecture for digital cinema systems. The organization was formed in March 2002 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Paramount Pictures, Sony Pictures, 20th Century Studios, Universal St...	Digital Cinema Initiatives	[ "Technology" ]	1,806	[ "Multimedia", "Digital media" ]
2,154,852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovecot%20%28software%29	Dovecot is an open-source IMAP and POP3 server for Unix-like operating systems, written primarily with security in mind. Timo Sirainen originated Dovecot and first released it in July 2002. Dovecot developers primarily aim to produce a lightweight, fast and easy-to-set-up open-source email server. The primary purpose ...	Dovecot (software)	[ "Technology" ]	635	[ "Software developed in Finland" ]
2,154,963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior%20product	In mathematics, the interior product (also known as interior derivative, interior multiplication, inner multiplication, inner derivative, insertion operator, or inner derivation) is a degree −1 (anti)derivation on the exterior algebra of differential forms on a smooth manifold. The interior product, named in opposition...	Interior product	[ "Engineering" ]	461	[ "Tensors", "Differential forms" ]
2,155,310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20ethanol%20fuel%20mixtures	Several common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use around the world. The use of pure hydrous or anhydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines (ICEs) is only possible if the engines are designed or modified for that purpose, and used only in automobiles, light-duty trucks and motorcycles. Anhydrous ethanol can be blende...	Common ethanol fuel mixtures	[ "Chemistry" ]	7,470	[ "Petroleum", "Petroleum products" ]
2,155,356	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adomian%20decomposition%20method	The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is a semi-analytical method for solving ordinary and partial nonlinear differential equations. The method was developed from the 1970s to the 1990s by George Adomian, chair of the Center for Applied Mathematics at the University of Georgia. It is further extensible to stochasti...	Adomian decomposition method	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,689	[ "Mathematical objects", "Differential equations", "Equations" ]
13,224,331	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20resilience	In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and subsequently recovering. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestat...	Ecological resilience	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	4,253	[ "Ecology terminology", "Conservation biology", "Ecological restoration", "Environmental engineering" ]
13,224,606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20phenoxide	Sodium phenoxide (sodium phenolate) is an organic compound with the formula NaOC6H5. It is a white crystalline solid. Its anion, phenoxide, also known as phenolate, is the conjugate base of phenol. It is used as a precursor to many other organic compounds, such as aryl ethers. Synthesis and structure Most commonly, s...	Sodium phenoxide	[ "Chemistry" ]	525	[ "Organic sodium salts", "Phenolates", "Salts" ]
13,224,789	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextant%20%28astronomy%29	In astronomy, sextants are devices depicting a sixth of a circle, used primarily for measuring the position of stars. There are two types of astronomical sextants, mural instruments and frame-based instruments. They are of significant historical importance, but have been replaced over time by transit telescopes, other...	Sextant (astronomy)	[ "Astronomy", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,093	[ "Astronomical instruments", "Measuring instruments", "History of astronomy" ]
13,225,486	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private%20VLAN	Private VLAN, also known as port isolation, is a technique in computer networking where a VLAN contains switch ports that are restricted such that they can only communicate with a given uplink. The restricted ports are called private ports. Each private VLAN typically contains many private ports, and a single uplink....	Private VLAN	[ "Engineering" ]	2,012	[ "Network architecture", "Computer networks engineering" ]
13,225,683	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob%20Ackeret	Jakob Ackeret, FRAeS (17 March 1898 – 27 March 1981) was a Swiss aeronautical engineer. He is widely viewed as one of the foremost aeronautics experts of the 20th century. Birth and education Jakob Ackeret was born in 1898 in Switzerland. He received his diploma degree in mechanical engineering from ETH Zurich in 192...	Jakob Ackeret	[ "Engineering" ]	560	[ "Aerospace engineers", "Aerospace engineering" ]
13,226,237	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural%20instrument	A mural instrument is an angle measuring instrument mounted on or built into a wall. For astronomical purposes, these walls were oriented so they lie precisely on the meridian. A mural instrument that measured angles from 0 to 90 degrees was called a mural quadrant. They were utilized as astronomical devices in ancient...	Mural instrument	[ "Astronomy" ]	782	[ "History of astronomy", "Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world", "Astronomical instruments" ]
13,226,961	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium-sensing%20receptor	The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a Class C G-protein coupled receptor which senses extracellular levels of calcium ions. It is primarily expressed in the parathyroid gland, the renal tubules of the kidney and the brain. In the parathyroid gland, it controls calcium homeostasis by regulating the release of parath...	Calcium-sensing receptor	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,048	[ "G protein-coupled receptors", "Signal transduction" ]
13,227,332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl%20UTS	UTS is a discontinued implementation of the UNIX operating system for IBM mainframe (and compatible) computers. Amdahl created the first versions of UTS, and released it in May 1981, with UTS Global acquiring rights to the product in 2002. UTS Global has since gone out of business. System requirements UTS Release 4.5...	Amdahl UTS	[ "Technology" ]	433	[ "Operating system stubs", "Computing stubs" ]
13,227,535	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RA-1%20Enrico%20Fermi	RA-1 Enrico Fermi is a research reactor in Argentina. It was the first nuclear reactor to be built in that country and the first research reactor in the southern hemisphere. Construction started in April 1957, with first criticality on 20 January 1958. By contrast, the HIFAR reactor in Australia went critical just six...	RA-1 Enrico Fermi	[ "Physics" ]	238	[ "Nuclear and atomic physics stubs", "Nuclear physics" ]

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