id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
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2747182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20state | Thermodynamic state | In thermodynamics, a thermodynamic state of a system is its condition at a specific time; that is, fully identified by values of a suitable set of parameters known as state variables, state parameters or thermodynamic variables. Once such a set of values of thermodynamic variables has been specified for a system, the v... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
2750283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anser%20%28bird%29 | Anser (bird) | Anser is a waterfowl genus that includes the grey geese and the white geese. It belongs to the true goose and swan subfamily of Anserinae under the family of Anatidae. The genus has a Holarctic distribution, with at least one species breeding in any open, wet habitats in the subarctic and cool temperate regions of the ... | Biology and health sciences | Anseriformes | Animals |
2751818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylacosmilus | Thylacosmilus | Thylacosmilus is an extinct genus of saber-toothed metatherian mammals that inhabited South America from the Late Miocene to Pliocene epochs. Though Thylacosmilus looks similar to the "saber-toothed cats", it was not a felid, like the well-known North American Smilodon, but a sparassodont, a group closely related to ma... | Biology and health sciences | Marsupials | Animals |
1978507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenter%20ant | Carpenter ant | Carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) are large ants (workers ) indigenous to many forested parts of the world.
They build nests inside wood, consisting of galleries chewed out with their mandibles or jaws, preferably in dead, damp wood. However, unlike termites, they do not consume wood, but instead discard a material tha... | Biology and health sciences | Hymenoptera | null |
1979078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color%20model | Color model | In color science, a color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four values or color components. When this model is associated with a precise description of how the components are to be interpreted (viewing conditions, etc.), tak... | Physical sciences | Basics | Physics |
1979466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxus%20baccata | Taxus baccata | {{Speciesbox
| image = Taxus baccata MHNT.jpg
| image_caption = Taxus baccata (European yew) shoot with immature cones, and a mature cone bearing an aril
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref =
| genus = Taxus
| species = baccata
| authority = L.
| range_map = Taxus baccata range.svg
| range_map_caption... | Biology and health sciences | Pinophyta (Conifers) | Plants |
1980717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drizzle | Drizzle | Drizzle is a light precipitation which consists of liquid water drops that are smaller than those of rain – generally smaller than in diameter. Drizzle is normally produced by low stratiform clouds and stratocumulus clouds. Precipitation rates from drizzle are on the order of a millimetre (0.04 in) per day or less at ... | Physical sciences | Precipitation | Earth science |
1982496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20force | Nuclear force | The nuclear force (or nucleon–nucleon interaction, residual strong force, or, historically, strong nuclear force) is a force that acts between hadrons, most commonly observed between protons and neutrons of atoms. Neutrons and protons, both nucleons, are affected by the nuclear force almost identically. Since protons h... | Physical sciences | Nuclear physics | Physics |
1982853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear%20zone | Shear zone | In geology, a shear zone is a thin zone within the Earth's crust or upper mantle that has been strongly deformed, due to the walls of rock on either side of the zone slipping past each other. In the upper crust, where rock is brittle, the shear zone takes the form of a fracture called a fault. In the lower crust and m... | Physical sciences | Structural geology | Earth science |
30159370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKT%20algorithm | FKT algorithm | The Fisher–Kasteleyn–Temperley (FKT) algorithm, named after Michael Fisher, Pieter Kasteleyn, and Neville Temperley, counts the number of perfect matchings in a planar graph in polynomial time. This same task is #P-complete for general graphs. For matchings that are not required to be perfect, counting them remains #P-... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
27432750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo%20gautengensis | Homo gautengensis | Homo gautengensis is a species name proposed by anthropologist Darren Curnoe in 2010 for South African hominin fossils otherwise attributed to H. habilis, H. ergaster, or, in some cases, Australopithecus or Paranthropus. The fossils assigned to the species by Curnoe cover a vast temporal range, from about 1.8 million y... | Biology and health sciences | Homo | Biology |
878461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s%20orbit | Earth's orbit | Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of , or 8.317 light-minutes, in a counterclockwise direction as viewed from above the Northern Hemisphere. One complete orbit takes days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled . Ignoring the influence of other Solar System bodies, Earth's orbit, also called ... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
879946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embraer%20E-Jet%20family | Embraer E-Jet family | The Embraer E-Jet family is a series of four-abreast, narrow-body, short- to medium-range, twin-engined jet airliners designed and produced by Brazilian aerospace manufacturer Embraer.
The E-Jet was designed to complement Embraer’s earlier ERJ family, the company’s first jet-powered regional aircraft. With a capacity ... | Technology | Specific aircraft_2 | null |
880860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content%20delivery%20network | Content delivery network | A content delivery network or content distribution network (CDN) is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers. The goal is to provide high availability and performance ("speed") by distributing the service spatially relative to end users. CDNs came into existence in the late 1990s as ... | Technology | Networks | null |
880974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20%28color%29 | Olive (color) | Olive is a dark yellowish-green color, like that of unripe or green olives.
As a color word in the English language, it appears in late Middle English.
Variations
Olivine
Olivine is the typical color of the mineral olivine.
The first recorded use of olivine as a color name in English was in 1912.
Olive drab
O... | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
881136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsia%20%28color%29 | Fuchsia (color) | Fuchsia (, ) is a vivid pinkish-purplish-red color, named after the color of the flower of the fuchsia plant, which was named by a French botanist, Charles Plumier, after the 16th-century German botanist Leonhart Fuchs.
The color fuchsia was introduced as the color of a new aniline dye called fuchsine, patented in 185... | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
881311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture%20synthesis | Aperture synthesis | Aperture synthesis or synthesis imaging is a type of interferometry that mixes signals from a collection of telescopes to produce images having the same angular resolution as an instrument the size of the entire collection. At each separation and orientation, the lobe-pattern of the interferometer produces an output wh... | Technology | Telescope | null |
881856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhydrite | Anhydrite | Anhydrite, or anhydrous calcium sulfate, is a mineral with the chemical formula CaSO4. It is in the orthorhombic crystal system, with three directions of perfect cleavage parallel to the three planes of symmetry. It is not isomorphous with the orthorhombic barium (baryte) and strontium (celestine) sulfates, as might be... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
881901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling%20fan | Ceiling fan | A ceiling fan is a fan mounted on the ceiling of a room or space, usually electrically powered, that uses hub-mounted rotating blades to circulate air. They cool people effectively by increasing air speed. Fans do not reduce air temperature or relative humidity, unlike air-conditioning equipment, but create a cooling e... | Technology | Heating and cooling | null |
5028779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock%20domain%20crossing | Clock domain crossing | In digital electronic design a clock domain crossing (CDC), or simply clock crossing, is the traversal of a signal in a synchronous digital circuit from one clock domain into another. If a signal does not assert long enough and is not registered, it may appear asynchronous on the incoming clock boundary.
A synchronous... | Technology | Digital logic | null |
5030515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20locality%20%28geology%29 | Type locality (geology) | Type locality, also called type area, is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified. If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.
The concept is simila... | Physical sciences | Stratigraphy | Earth science |
5031184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda%E2%80%93lime%20glass | Soda–lime glass | Soda–lime glass, also called soda–lime–silica glass, is the transparent glass, used for windowpanes and glass containers (bottles and jars) for beverages, food, and some commodity items. It is the most prevelant type of glass made. Some glass bakeware is made of soda-lime glass, as opposed to the more common borosilic... | Technology | Materials | null |
5031967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20power%20plant | Virtual power plant | A virtual power plant (VPP) is a system that integrates multiple, possibly heterogeneous, power resources to provide grid power. A VPP typically sells its output to an electric utility. VPPs allow energy resources that are individually too small to be of interest to a utility to aggregate and market their power. As of ... | Technology | Power transmission | null |
5034416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naja | Naja | Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes commonly known as cobras (or "true cobras"). Members of the genus Naja are the most widespread and the most widely recognized as "true" cobras. Various species occur in regions throughout Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Several other elapid species are ... | Biology and health sciences | Reptiles | null |
5035905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow%20zone | Shadow zone | A seismic shadow zone is an area of the Earth's surface where seismographs cannot detect direct P waves and/or S waves from an earthquake. This is due to liquid layers or structures within the Earth's surface. The most recognized shadow zone is due to the core-mantle boundary where P waves are refracted and S waves are... | Physical sciences | Seismology | Earth science |
5036574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20visualization | Flow visualization | Flow visualization or flow visualisation in fluid dynamics is used to make the flow patterns visible, in order to get qualitative or quantitative information on them.
Overview
Flow visualization is the art of making flow patterns visible. Most fluids (air, water, etc.) are transparent, thus their flow patterns are i... | Physical sciences | Fluid mechanics | Physics |
24177780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutional%20cave | Solutional cave | A solutional cave, solution cave, or karst cave is a cave usually formed in a soluble rock like limestone (Calcium carbonate CaCO3). It is the most frequently occurring type of cave. It can also form in other rocks, including chalk, dolomite, marble, salt beds, and gypsum.
Process
Bedrock is dissolved by carbonic aci... | Physical sciences | Caves | Earth science |
24179592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future%20of%20Earth | Future of Earth | The biological and geological future of Earth can be extrapolated based on the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at Earth's surface, the cooling rate of the planet's interior, gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
21208368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpkin | Pumpkin | A pumpkin is a cultivated winter squash in the genus Cucurbita. The term is most commonly applied to round, orange-colored squash varieties, but does not possess a scientific definition. It may be used in reference to many different squashes of varied appearance and belonging to multiple species in the Cucurbita genus.... | Biology and health sciences | Cucurbitales | null |
25584215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-dimensional%20space | One-dimensional space | A one-dimensional space (1D space) is a mathematical space in which location can be specified with a single coordinate. An example is the number line, each point of which is described by a single real number.
Any straight line or smooth curve is a one-dimensional space, regardless of the dimension of the ambient space... | Mathematics | Geometry: General | null |
147845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application-specific%20integrated%20circuit | Application-specific integrated circuit | An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC ) is an integrated circuit (IC) chip customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use, such as a chip designed to run in a digital voice recorder or a high-efficiency video codec. Application-specific standard product chips are intermediate b... | Technology | Semiconductors | null |
147853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed%20of%20sound | Speed of sound | The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. More simply, the speed of sound is how fast vibrations travel. At , the speed of sound in air, is about , or in or one mile in . It depends strongly on temperature as well as the medium through wh... | Physical sciences | Waves | null |
147912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20rule | Power rule | In calculus, the power rule is used to differentiate functions of the form , whenever is a real number. Since differentiation is a linear operation on the space of differentiable functions, polynomials can also be differentiated using this rule. The power rule underlies the Taylor series as it relates a power series w... | Mathematics | Differential calculus | null |
147918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20robot | Industrial robot | An industrial robot is a robot system used for manufacturing. Industrial robots are automated, programmable and capable of movement on three or more axes.
Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, disassembly, pick and place for printed circuit boards, packaging and labeling, palletizing, pro... | Technology | Basics_6 | null |
147923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syringe | Syringe | A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes, it is actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel. The plunger can be linearly pulled and pushed along the inside of the tube, allowing the syringe to take in and expel liquid or gas through a... | Technology | Equipment | null |
147939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%20of%20integration | Constant of integration | In calculus, the constant of integration, often denoted by (or ), is a constant term added to an antiderivative of a function to indicate that the indefinite integral of (i.e., the set of all antiderivatives of ), on a connected domain, is only defined up to an additive constant. This constant expresses an ambiguity... | Mathematics | Integral calculus | null |
147952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videotape | Videotape | Videotape is magnetic tape used for storing video and usually sound in addition. Information stored can be in the form of either an analog or digital signal. Videotape is used in both video tape recorders (VTRs) and, more commonly, videocassette recorders (VCRs) and camcorders. Videotapes have also been used for storin... | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
147957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename%20extension | Filename extension | A filename extension, file name extension or file extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file (for example, .txt, .mp3, .exe). The extension indicates a characteristic of the file contents or its intended use. A filename extension is typically delimited from the rest of the filename with a full stop (period), ... | Technology | Data storage and memory | null |
148069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosera | Drosera | Drosera, which is commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral n... | Biology and health sciences | Caryophyllales | Plants |
148091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali%20cat | Somali cat | The Somali cat is genetically similar to the Abyssinian cat. Due to inheriting 2 copies of the recessive gene for long hair, they have a characteristic luscious coat, unlike their cousin the Abyssinian.
History
In the 1940s, a British breeder named Janet Robertson exported some Abyssinian kittens to Australia, New Ze... | Biology and health sciences | Cats | Animals |
148285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit%20computing | 64-bit computing | In computer architecture, 64-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are 64 bits wide. Also, 64-bit central processing units (CPU) and arithmetic logic units (ALU) are those that are based on processor registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. A computer that uses such a processor... | Technology | Computer architecture concepts | null |
148349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatbot | Chatbot | A chatbot (originally chatterbot) is a software application or web interface designed to have textual or spoken conversations. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a h... | Technology | Computer software | null |
148367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic%20cell | Dendritic cell | A dendritic cell (DC) is an antigen-presenting cell (also known as an accessory cell) of the mammalian immune system. A DC's main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
Dendri... | Biology and health sciences | Immune system | Biology |
148383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquebus | Arquebus | An arquebus ( ) is a form of long gun that appeared in Europe and the Ottoman Empire during the 15th century. An infantryman armed with an arquebus is called an arquebusier.
The term arquebus was applied to many different forms of firearms from the 15th to 17th centuries, but it originally referred to "a hand-gun with... | Technology | Firearms | null |
148414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink | Sink | A sink (also known as basin in the UK) is a bowl-shaped plumbing fixture for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes. Sinks have a tap (faucet) that supplies hot and cold water and may include a spray feature to be used for faster rinsing. They also include a drain to remove used water; this drain may itself inc... | Technology | Household appliances | null |
148417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored-program%20computer | Stored-program computer | A stored-program computer is a computer that stores program instructions in electronically, electromagnetically, or optically accessible memory. This contrasts with systems that stored the program instructions with plugboards or similar mechanisms.
The definition is often extended with the requirement that the treatme... | Technology | Computer hardware | null |
148420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%20characteristic | Euler characteristic | In mathematics, and more specifically in algebraic topology and polyhedral combinatorics, the Euler characteristic (or Euler number, or Euler–Poincaré characteristic) is a topological invariant, a number that describes a topological space's shape or structure regardless of the way it is bent. It is commonly denoted by ... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
148550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiferromagnetism | Antiferromagnetism | In materials that exhibit antiferromagnetism, the magnetic moments of atoms or molecules, usually related to the spins of electrons, align in a regular pattern with neighboring spins (on different sublattices) pointing in opposite directions. This is, like ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism, a manifestation of ordered m... | Physical sciences | Magnetostatics | Physics |
148594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s%20constant | Euler's constant | Euler's constant (sometimes called the Euler–Mascheroni constant) is a mathematical constant, usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter gamma (), defined as the limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarithm, denoted here by :
Here, represents the floor function.
The numerical value of... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
148819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault%27s%20measurements%20of%20the%20speed%20of%20light | Foucault's measurements of the speed of light | In 1850, Léon Foucault used a rotating mirror to perform a differential measurement of the speed of light in water versus its speed in air. In 1862, he used a similar apparatus to measure the speed of light in the air.
Background
In 1834, Charles Wheatstone developed a method of using a rapidly rotating mirror to stu... | Physical sciences | Physical constants | Physics |
148951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech%20disorder | Speech disorder | Speech disorders, impairments, or impediments, are a type of communication disorder in which normal speech is disrupted. This can mean fluency disorders like stuttering, cluttering or lisps. Someone who is unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute. Speech skills are vital to social relationships and l... | Biology and health sciences | Disabilities | Health |
148980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorpromazine | Chlorpromazine | Chlorpromazine (CPZ), marketed under the brand names Thorazine and Largactil among others, is an antipsychotic medication. It is primarily used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Other uses include the treatment of bipolar disorder, severe behavioral problems in children including those with attention ... | Biology and health sciences | Psychiatric drugs | Health |
149058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletproof%20vest | Bulletproof vest | A bulletproof vest, also known as a ballistic vest or bullet-resistant vest, is a type of body armour designed to absorb impact and prevent the penetration of firearm projectiles and explosion fragments to the torso. The vest can be either soft—as worn by police officers, security personnel, prison guards, and occasion... | Technology | Armour | null |
149215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s%20Nullstellensatz | Hilbert's Nullstellensatz | In mathematics, Hilbert's Nullstellensatz (German for "theorem of zeros", or more literally, "zero-locus-theorem") is a theorem that establishes a fundamental relationship between geometry and algebra. This relationship is the basis of algebraic geometry. It relates algebraic sets to ideals in polynomial rings over alg... | Mathematics | Abstract algebra | null |
149223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline%20personality%20disorder | Borderline personality disorder | Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive, long-term pattern of significant interpersonal relationship instability, a distorted sense of self, and intense emotional responses. People diagnosed with BPD frequently exhibit self-harming behaviours and engage in risky acti... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
149326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic%20tree | Phylogenetic tree | A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time. In other words, it is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities ba... | Biology and health sciences | Basics_4 | Biology |
149353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20biology | Computational biology | Computational biology refers to the use of techniques in computer science, data analysis, mathematical modeling and computational simulations to understand biological systems and relationships. An intersection of computer science, biology, and data science, the field also has foundations in applied mathematics, molecul... | Biology and health sciences | Biology basics | Biology |
149354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20science | Information science | Information science is an academic field which is primarily concerned with analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information. Practitioners within and outside the field study the application and the usage of knowledge in organizations in add... | Physical sciences | Basics | null |
149422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger | Hunger | In politics, humanitarian aid, and the social sciences, hunger is defined as a condition in which a person does not have the physical or financial capability to eat sufficient food to meet basic nutritional needs for a sustained period. In the field of hunger relief, the term hunger is used in a sense that goes beyond ... | Biology and health sciences | Health and fitness | null |
149426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnet | Subnet | A subnetwork, or subnet, is a logical subdivision of an IP network. The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting.
Computers that belong to the same subnet are addressed with an identical group of its most-significant bits of their IP addresses. This results in the logical division ... | Technology | Networks | null |
149463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecticide | Insecticide | Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of anim... | Technology | Pest and disease control | null |
149467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgia | Myalgia | Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases. The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles; another likely cause is viral infection, especially when there has been no injury.
Long-lasting myalgia can be caused by me... | Biology and health sciences | Symptoms and signs | Health |
149612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline | Sertraline | Sertraline, sold under the brand name Zoloft among others, is an antidepressant medication of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, and premenstrual dysp... | Biology and health sciences | Psychiatric drugs | Health |
149646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian%20path%20problem | Hamiltonian path problem | The Hamiltonian path problem is a topic discussed in the fields of complexity theory and graph theory. It decides if a directed or undirected graph, G, contains a Hamiltonian path, a path that visits every vertex in the graph exactly once. The problem may specify the start and end of the path, in which case the startin... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
149697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing%20737 | Boeing 737 | The Boeing 737 is an American narrow-body airliner produced by Boeing at its Renton factory in Washington.
Developed to supplement the Boeing 727 on short and thin routes, the twinjet retained the 707 fuselage width and six abreast seating but with two underwing Pratt & Whitney JT8D low-bypass turbofan engines. Envis... | Technology | Specific aircraft_2 | null |
149708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%207030%20Stretch | IBM 7030 Stretch | The IBM 7030, also known as Stretch, was IBM's first transistorized supercomputer. It was the fastest computer in the world from 1961 until the first CDC 6600 became operational in 1964.
Originally designed to meet a requirement formulated by Edward Teller at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the first example w... | Technology | Early computers | null |
149848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatory%20logic | Combinatory logic | Combinatory logic is a notation to eliminate the need for quantified variables in mathematical logic. It was introduced by Moses Schönfinkel and Haskell Curry, and has more recently been used in computer science as a theoretical model of computation and also as a basis for the design of functional programming languages... | Mathematics | Computability theory | null |
149861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work%20%28physics%29 | Work (physics) | In science, work is the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement. In its simplest form, for a constant force aligned with the direction of motion, the work equals the product of the force strength and the distance traveled. A force is said to do positive work if it has a... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | null |
149984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%20process | Wiener process | In mathematics, the Wiener process (or Brownian motion, due to its historical connection with the physical process of the same name) is a real-valued continuous-time stochastic process discovered by Norbert Wiener. It is one of the best known Lévy processes (càdlàg stochastic processes with stationary independent incre... | Mathematics | Probability | null |
149993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathe | Lathe | A lathe () is a machine tool that rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, deformation, facing, threading and turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about that axis.
Lathes are used in woo... | Technology | Industrial machinery | null |
150009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin-lens%20reflex%20camera | Twin-lens reflex camera | A twin-lens reflex camera (TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens" (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.
In addition t... | Technology | Photography | null |
150042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nene%20%28bird%29 | Nene (bird) | The nene (Branta sandvicensis), also known as the nēnē or the Hawaiian goose, is a species of bird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The nene is exclusively found in the wild on the islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai, Molokai, and Hawaii. In 1957, it was designated as the official state bird of the state of Hawaii.
The Hawai... | Biology and health sciences | Anseriformes | Animals |
150116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20pepper | Black pepper | Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit (the peppercorn), which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit is a drupe (stonefruit) which is about in diameter (fresh and fully mature), dark red, and contains a stone which encloses a single pe... | Biology and health sciences | Magnoliids | null |
150159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s%20theorem | Noether's theorem | Noether's theorem states that every continuous symmetry of the action of a physical system with conservative forces has a corresponding conservation law. This is the first of two theorems (see Noether's second theorem) published by mathematician Emmy Noether in 1918. The action of a physical system is the integral over... | Physical sciences | Particle physics: General | Physics |
3716784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20metric%20system | Gravitational metric system | The gravitational metric system (original French term ) is a non-standard system of units, which does not comply with the International System of Units (SI). It is built on the three base quantities length, time and force with base units metre, second and kilopond respectively. Internationally used abbreviations of the... | Physical sciences | Measurement systems | Basics and measurement |
3720055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20junction | Road junction | A junction is where two or more roads meet.
History
Roads began as a means of linking locations of interest: towns, forts and geographic features such as river fords. Where roads met outside of an existing settlement, these junctions often led to a new settlement. Scotch Corner is an example of such a location.
In t... | Technology | Road infrastructure | null |
3720257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary%20glaciation | Quaternary glaciation | The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation, is an alternating series of glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary period that began 2.58 Ma (million years ago) and is ongoing. Although geologists describe this entire period up to the present as an "ice age", in popular culture this... | Physical sciences | Events | Earth science |
3723097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddle | Puddle | A puddle is a small accumulation of liquid, usually water, on a surface. It can form either by pooling in a depression on the surface, or by surface tension upon a flat surface. Puddles are often characterized by murky water or mud due to the disturbance and dissolving of surrounding sediment, primarily due to precipit... | Physical sciences | Hydrology | Earth science |
22685412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius%20A | Sagittarius A | Sagittarius A (Sgr A) is a complex radio source at the center of the Milky Way, which contains a supermassive black hole. It is located
between Scorpius and Sagittarius, and is hidden from view at optical wavelengths by large clouds of cosmic dust in the spiral arms of the Milky Way. The dust lane that obscures the Ga... | Physical sciences | Milky Way | Astronomy |
22688491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa%20acuminata | Musa acuminata | Musa acuminata is a species of banana native to Southern Asia, its range comprising the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Many of the modern edible dessert bananas are from this species, although some are hybrids with Musa balbisiana. First cultivated by humans around 8000 BCE, it is one of the early examples of ... | Biology and health sciences | Tropical and tropical-like fruit | Plants |
22689597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warm%E2%80%93hot%20intergalactic%20medium | Warm–hot intergalactic medium | The warm–hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) is the sparse, warm-to-hot (105 to 107 K) plasma that cosmologists believe to exist in the spaces between galaxies and to contain 40–50% of the baryonic 'normal matter' in the universe at the current epoch. The WHIM can be described as a web of hot, diffuse gas stretching betwee... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Astronomy |
20130936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetus | Fetus | A fetus or foetus (; : fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn mammalian offspring that develops from an embryo. Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, i... | Biology and health sciences | Animal ontogeny | null |
526224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Australian%20plate | Indo-Australian plate | The Indo-Australian plate is or was a major tectonic plate. It is in the process of separation into three plates, and may be currently separated into more than one plate. It contains the continent of Australia, its surrounding ocean and extends north-west to include the Indian subcontinent and the adjacent waters.
For... | Physical sciences | Tectonic plates | Earth science |
526237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twilight | Twilight | Twilight is sunlight illumination produced by diffuse sky radiation when the Sun is below the horizon as sunlight from the upper atmosphere is scattered in a way that illuminates both the Earth's lower atmosphere and also the Earth's surface. Twilight also is any period when this illumination occurs.
The lower the Sun... | Physical sciences | Celestial mechanics | Astronomy |
526459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20loom | Power loom | A power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. The first power loom was designed and patented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright. It was refined over the next 47 years until a design by the Howard and Bullough company made t... | Technology | Weaving | null |
527046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfine%20structure | Hyperfine structure | In atomic physics, hyperfine structure is defined by small shifts in otherwise degenerate electronic energy levels and the resulting splittings in those electronic energy levels of atoms, molecules, and ions, due to electromagnetic multipole interaction between the nucleus and electron clouds.
In atoms, hyperfine stru... | Physical sciences | Atomic physics | Physics |
527232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatics | Hydrostatics | Fluid statics or hydrostatics is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies fluids at hydrostatic equilibrium and "the pressure in a fluid or exerted by a fluid on an immersed body".
It encompasses the study of the conditions under which fluids are at rest in stable equilibrium as opposed to fluid dynamics, the study ... | Physical sciences | Fluid mechanics | Physics |
527453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowchart | Flowchart | A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task.
The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. This diagram... | Technology | Software development: General | null |
527639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini%20Observatory | Gemini Observatory | The Gemini Observatory comprises two 8.1-metre (26.6 ft) telescopes, Gemini North and Gemini South, situated in Hawaii and Chile, respectively. These twin telescopes offer extensive coverage of the northern and southern skies and rank among the most advanced optical/infrared telescopes available to astronomers. (See Li... | Technology | Ground-based observatories | null |
527661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble%20Ultra-Deep%20Field | Hubble Ultra-Deep Field | The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) is a deep-field image of a small region of space in the constellation Fornax, containing an estimated 10,000 galaxies. The original data for the image was collected by the Hubble Space Telescope from September 2003 to January 2004 and the first version of the image was released on Mar... | Physical sciences | Notable patches of universe | Astronomy |
527756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophobia | Photophobia | Photophobia is a medical symptom of abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light. As a medical symptom, photophobia is not a morbid fear or phobia, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure or by presence of actual physical sensitivity of the eyes, though the term is sometimes addi... | Biology and health sciences | Symptoms and signs | Health |
527892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma%20chamber | Magma chamber | A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is less dense than the surrounding country rock, which produces buoyant forces on the magma that tend to drive it upwards. If the magma finds a path to the surface, then the result will be a vol... | Physical sciences | Volcanology | Earth science |
528080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FADEC | FADEC | A full authority digital engine (or electronics) control (FADEC) is a system consisting of a digital computer, called an "electronic engine controller" (EEC) or "engine control unit" (ECU), and its related accessories that control all aspects of aircraft engine performance. FADECs have been produced for both piston eng... | Technology | Aircraft components | null |
528155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20radius | Solar radius | Solar radius is a unit of distance used to express the size of stars in astronomy relative to the Sun. The solar radius is usually defined as the radius to the layer in the Sun's photosphere where the optical depth equals 2/3:
is approximately 10 times the average radius of Jupiter, 109 times the radius of the Earth,... | Physical sciences | Astronomical | Basics and measurement |
528867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20integral | Surface integral | In mathematics, particularly multivariable calculus, a surface integral is a generalization of multiple integrals to integration over surfaces. It can be thought of as the double integral analogue of the line integral. Given a surface, one may integrate over this surface a scalar field (that is, a function of positio... | Mathematics | Multivariable and vector calculus | null |
529138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalodon | Megalodon | Otodus megalodon ( ; meaning "big tooth"), commonly known as megalodon, is an extinct species of giant mackerel shark that lived approximately 23 to 3.6 million years ago (Mya), from the Early Miocene to the Early Pliocene epochs. O. megalodon was formerly thought to be a member of the family Lamnidae and a close relat... | Biology and health sciences | Prehistoric chondrichthyans | Animals |
529418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-brane | D-brane | In string theory, D-branes, short for Dirichlet membrane, are a class of extended objects upon which open strings can end with Dirichlet boundary conditions, after which they are named.
D-branes are typically classified by their spatial dimension, which is indicated by a number written after the D. A D0-brane is a s... | Physical sciences | Particle physics: General | Physics |
309317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caper | Caper | Capparis spinosa, the caper bush, also called Flinders rose, is a perennial plant that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers.
The taxonomic status of the species is controversial and unsettled. Species within the genus Capparis are highly variable, and interspecific hybrids have been co... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
309401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadamia | Macadamia | Macadamia is a genus of four species of trees in the flowering plant family Proteaceae. They are indigenous to Australia, native to northeastern New South Wales and central and southeastern Queensland specifically. Two species of the genus are commercially important for their fruit, the macadamia nut (or simply macada... | Biology and health sciences | Others | null |
309428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RR%20Lyrae%20variable | RR Lyrae variable | RR Lyrae variables are periodic variable stars, commonly found in globular clusters. They are used as standard candles to measure (extra) galactic distances, assisting with the cosmic distance ladder. This class is named after the prototype and brightest example, RR Lyrae.
They are pulsating horizontal branch stars o... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | Astronomy |
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