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7738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiropractic | Chiropractic | Chiropractic () is a form of alternative medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially of the spine. It is based on several pseudoscientific ideas.
Many chiropractors (often known informally as chiros), especially those in the field's ... | Biology and health sciences | Alternative and traditional medicine | Health |
7739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbide | Carbide | In chemistry, a carbide usually describes a compound composed of carbon and a metal. In metallurgy, carbiding or carburizing is the process for producing carbide coatings on a metal piece.
Interstitial / Metallic carbides
The carbides of the group 4, 5 and 6 transition metals (with the exception of chromium) are oft... | Physical sciences | Ceramic compounds | Chemistry |
7783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis%20force | Coriolis force | In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial (or fictitious) force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame. In a reference frame with clockwise rotation, the force acts to the left of the motion of the object. In one with anticlockwise (or counterclockw... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | null |
7794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallography | Crystallography | Crystallography is the branch of science devoted to the study of molecular and crystalline structure and properties. The word crystallography is derived from the Ancient Greek word (; "clear ice, rock-crystal"), and (; "to write"). In July 2012, the United Nations recognised the importance of the science of crystallo... | Physical sciences | Crystallography | null |
7808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprinodontiformes | Cyprinodontiformes | Cyprinodontiformes is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising mostly small, freshwater fish. Many popular aquarium fish, such as killifish and live-bearers, are included. They are closely related to the Atheriniformes and are occasionally included with them. A colloquial term for the order as a whole is toothcarps,... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
7819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cactus | Cactus | A cactus (: cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae (), a family of the order Caryophyllales comprising about 127 genera with some 1,750 known species. The word cactus derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek word (káktos), a name originally used by Theophrastus for a... | Biology and health sciences | Caryophyllales | null |
7834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain%20reaction | Chain reaction | A chain reaction is a sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions to take place. In a chain reaction, positive feedback leads to a self-amplifying chain of events.
Chain reactions are one way that systems which are not in thermodynamic equilibrium can release energy or incr... | Physical sciences | Basics_3 | Chemistry |
7839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20corona | Stellar corona | A corona (: coronas or coronae) is the outermost layer of a star's atmosphere. It is a hot but relatively dim region of plasma populated by intermittent coronal structures known as solar prominences or filaments.
The Sun's corona lies above the chromosphere and extends millions of kilometres into outer space. Coronal ... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
7844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzee | Chimpanzee | The chimpanzee (; Pan troglodytes), also simply known as the chimp, is a species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one. When its close relative the bonobo was more commonly known as the pygmy chimpanzee, this species was often call... | Biology and health sciences | Primates | null |
7849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic%20defect | Crystallographic defect | A crystallographic defect is an interruption of the regular patterns of arrangement of atoms or molecules in crystalline solids. The positions and orientations of particles, which are repeating at fixed distances determined by the unit cell parameters in crystals, exhibit a periodic crystal structure, but this is usual... | Physical sciences | Crystallography | Physics |
7890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune | Dune | A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex. A large dune complex is called a dune field, while broad, flat regions covered with wind-swept sand or dunes, with little or no vegetation, ... | Physical sciences | Aeolian landforms | null |
7903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman%20key%20exchange | Diffie–Hellman key exchange | Diffie–Hellman (DH) key exchange is a mathematical method of securely generating a symmetric cryptographic key over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman. DH is one of the earliest practical examples of public key ... | Technology | Computer security | null |
7921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative | Derivative | In mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental tool that quantifies the sensitivity to change of a function's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tan... | Mathematics | Calculus and analysis | null |
7938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomic%20molecule | Diatomic molecule | Diatomic molecules () are molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements. If a diatomic molecule consists of two atoms of the same element, such as hydrogen () or oxygen (), then it is said to be homonuclear. Otherwise, if a diatomic molecule consists of two different atoms, such as ca... | Physical sciences | Substance | Chemistry |
7955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA | DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acid... | Biology and health sciences | Chemistry | null |
7985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dill | Dill | Dill (Anethum graveolens) is an annual herb in the celery family Apiaceae. It is native to North Africa, Iran, and the Arabian Peninsula; it is grown widely in Eurasia, where its leaves and seeds are used as a herb or spice for flavouring food.
Etymology
The word dill and its close relatives are found in most of the ... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
7992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonian | Devonian | The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at million years ago (Ma), to the beginning of the succeeding Carboniferous period at Ma. It is the fourth period of both the Paleozoic and the Ph... | Physical sciences | Geological timescale | Earth science |
8005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentistry | Dentistry | Dentistry, also known as dental medicine and oral medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. It consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the mouth, most commonly focused on dentition (the development and arrangement... | Biology and health sciences | Health, fitness, and medicine | null |
8011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol%20intoxication | Alcohol intoxication | Alcohol intoxication, commonly described in higher doses as drunkenness or inebriation, and known in overdose as alcohol poisoning, is the behavior and physical effects caused by recent consumption of alcohol. The technical term intoxication in common speech may suggest that a large amount of alcohol has been consumed,... | Biology and health sciences | Drugs and pharmacology | null |
8013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20compression | Data compression | In information theory, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. Any particular compression is either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No info... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
8072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease | Disease | A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific signs and symptoms. A disease may be caused by external facto... | Biology and health sciences | Science and medicine | null |
8078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamite | Dynamite | Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern Germany, and was patented in 1867. It rapidly gained wide-scale use as a more robust alternative to the traditional black ... | Technology | Material and chemical | null |
8082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond | Diamond | Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Diamond as a form of carbon is tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite ... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
8102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysprosium | Dysprosium | Dysprosium is a chemical element; it has symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare-earth element in the lanthanide series with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though, like other lanthanides, it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime. Naturally occurring dyspro... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
8104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertification | Desertification | Desertification is a type of gradual land degradation of fertile land into arid desert due to a combination of natural processes and human activities.
The immediate cause of desertification is the loss of most vegetation. This is driven by a number of factors, alone or in combination, such as drought, climatic shifts,... | Physical sciences | Biomes: General | Earth science |
8131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrite | Dendrite | A dendrite (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree") or dendron is a branched cytoplasmic process that extends from a nerve cell that propagates the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimulation is transmitted on... | Biology and health sciences | Nervous system | Biology |
8143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December | December | December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days.
December's name derives from the Latin word decem (meaning ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the calendar of Romulus , which began in March. The winter days following December ... | Technology | Months | null |
8179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye | Dye | A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they color. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.
The... | Technology | Techniques_2 | null |
8187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive%20statistics | Descriptive statistics | A descriptive statistic (in the count noun sense) is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features from a collection of information, while descriptive statistics (in the mass noun sense) is the process of using and analysing those statistics. Descriptive statistics is distinguished from infer... | Mathematics | Statistics | null |
8214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal | Decimal | The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers. It is the extension to non-integer numbers (decimal fractions) of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The way of denoting numbers in the decimal syste... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
8221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death | Death | Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. Some organisms, such as Turritopsis dohrnii, are biologically immor... | Biology and health sciences | Science and medicine | null |
8242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian | Debian | Debian (), also known as Debian GNU/Linux, is a free and open source Linux distribution, developed by the Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock in August 1993. Debian is one of the oldest operating systems based on the Linux kernel, and is the basis for many other Linux distributions.
As of September 20... | Technology | Operating Systems | null |
8254 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode | Diode | A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance). It has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other.
A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline piece of semico... | Technology | Components | null |
8263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation%20constant | Dissociation constant | In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (KD) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Chemistry |
8267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensional%20analysis | Dimensional analysis | In engineering and science, dimensional analysis is the analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their base quantities (such as length, mass, time, and electric current) and units of measurement (such as metres and grams) and tracking these dimensions as calculations or compari... | Physical sciences | Basics | Basics and measurement |
8271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20television | Digital television | Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of television signals using digital encoding, in contrast to the earlier analog television technology which used analog signals. At the time of its development it was considered an innovative advancement and represented the first significant evolution in television technolog... | Technology | Broadcasting | null |
8301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation | Distillation | Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.
Distillation can operate o... | Physical sciences | Separation processes | null |
8303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down%20syndrome | Down syndrome | Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with developmental delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic physical features.
The parents of the affected indi... | Biology and health sciences | Disability | null |
8305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia | Dyslexia | Dyslexia, previously known as word blindness, is a learning disability that affects either reading or writing. Different people are affected to different degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud a... | Biology and health sciences | Disability | null |
8311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur | Dinosaur | Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after th... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
8315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamagnetism | Diamagnetism | Diamagnetism is the property of materials that are repelled by a magnetic field; an applied magnetic field creates an induced magnetic field in them in the opposite direction, causing a repulsive force. In contrast, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are attracted by a magnetic field. Diamagnetism is a quantum me... | Physical sciences | Magnetostatics | Physics |
8324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference%20engine | Difference engine | A difference engine is an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. It was designed in the 1820s, and was first created by Charles Babbage. The name difference engine is derived from the method of finite differences, a way to interpolate or tabulate functions by using a small set of pol... | Technology | Early computers | null |
8328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergence | Divergence | In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the quantity of the vector field's source at each point. More technically, the divergence represents the volume density of the outward flux of a vector field from an infinitesimal volume around a given p... | Mathematics | Multivariable and vector calculus | null |
8336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision%20problem | Decision problem | In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a decision problem is a computational problem that can be posed as a yes–no question based on the given input values. An example of a decision problem is deciding with the help of an algorithm whether a given natural number is prime. Another example is the pr... | Mathematics | Computability theory | null |
8376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day | Day | A day is the time period of a full rotation of the Earth with respect to the Sun. On average, this is 24 hours (86,400 seconds). As a day passes at a given location it experiences morning, noon, afternoon, evening, and night. This daily cycle drives circadian rhythms in many organisms, which are vital to many life pro... | Physical sciences | Physics | null |
8377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database | Database | In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based on the use of a database management system (DBMS), the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS additionally encompasses the core facilities provided t... | Technology | Computer software | null |
8378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole | Dipole | In physics, a dipole () is an electromagnetic phenomenon which occurs in two ways:
An electric dipole deals with the separation of the positive and negative electric charges found in any electromagnetic system. A simple example of this system is a pair of charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign separated by some ... | Physical sciences | Basics_9 | null |
8389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20depressive%20disorder | Major depressive disorder | Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s, the term was adopted by the Ame... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorder | null |
8398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension | Dimension | In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it. Thus, a line has a dimension of one (1D) because only one coordinate is needed to specify a point on itfor example, the point at 5 on a number l... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
8407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodecahedron | Dodecahedron | In geometry, a dodecahedron (; ) or duodecahedron is any polyhedron with twelve flat faces. The most familiar dodecahedron is the regular dodecahedron with regular pentagons as faces, which is a Platonic solid. There are also three regular star dodecahedra, which are constructed as stellations of the convex form. All ... | Mathematics | Three-dimensional space | null |
8410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel | Decibel | The decibel (symbol: dB) is a relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel (B). It expresses the ratio of two values of a power or root-power quantity on a logarithmic scale. Two signals whose levels differ by one decibel have a power ratio of 101/10 (approximately ) or root-power ratio of 101/20 (approxima... | Physical sciences | Other | null |
8420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo | Dodo | The dodo (Raphus cucullatus) is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, which is east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The dodo's closest relative was the also-extinct and flightless Rodrigues solitaire. The two formed the subtribe Raphina, a clade of extinct flightless birds that were... | Biology and health sciences | Columbiformes | null |
8429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density | Density | Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume:
where ρ is the density, m is the mass,... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | null |
8449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental%20biology | Developmental biology | Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop. Developmental biology also encompasses the biology of regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells in the adult organism.
Perspectives
The main processes involved in t... | Biology and health sciences | Development | null |
8463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubnium | Dubnium | Dubnium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Db and atomic number 105. It is highly radioactive: the most stable known isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of about 16 hours. This greatly limits extended research on the element.
Dubnium does not occur naturally on Earth and is produced artificially. The Sov... | Physical sciences | Group 5 | Chemistry |
8464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaccharide | Disaccharide | A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage. Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of ca... | Biology and health sciences | Carbohydrates | Biology |
8466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorado | Dorado | Dorado (, ) is a constellation in the Southern Sky. It was named in the late 16th century and is now one of the 88 modern constellations. Its name refers to the mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), which is known as dorado ("golden") in Spanish, although it has also been depicted as a swordfish. Dorado contains most of the... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
8468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinant | Determinant | In mathematics, the determinant is a scalar-valued function of the entries of a square matrix. The determinant of a matrix is commonly denoted , , or . Its value characterizes some properties of the matrix and the linear map represented, on a given basis, by the matrix. In particular, the determinant is nonzero if and... | Mathematics | Algebra | null |
8471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphinus | Delphinus | Delphinus is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere, close to the celestial equator. Its name is the Latin version for the Greek word for dolphin (). It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the In... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
8483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel%20cycle | Diesel cycle | The Diesel cycle is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. In it, fuel is ignited by heat generated during the compression of air in the combustion chamber, into which fuel is then injected. This is in contrast to igniting the fuel-air mixture with a spark plug as in the Otto cycle (four-st... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
8492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20mathematics | Discrete mathematics | Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that can be considered "discrete" (in a way analogous to discrete variables, having a bijection with the set of natural numbers) rather than "continuous" (analogously to continuous functions). Objects studied in discrete mathematics include integers, graphs, ... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
8494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT | DDT | Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochloride. Originally developed as an insecticide, it became infamous for its environmental impacts. DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by the Austrian chemist Othmar Zeidler. DD... | Technology | Pest and disease control | null |
8501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20computing | Distributed computing | Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems, defined as computer systems whose inter-communicating components are located on different networked computers.
The components of a distributed system communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another in or... | Technology | Computer architecture concepts | null |
8506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectX | DirectX | Microsoft DirectX is a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) for handling tasks related to multimedia, especially game programming and video, on Microsoft platforms. Originally, the names of these APIs all began with "Direct", such as Direct3D, DirectDraw, DirectMusic, DirectPlay, DirectSound, and so ... | Technology | Software development: General | null |
8519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20structure | Data structure | In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, i.e., it is an algebraic st... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
8524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium | Deuterium | Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen; the other is protium, or hydrogen-1, H. The deuterium nucleus (deuteron) contains one proton and one neutron, whereas the far more common H has no neutrons. Deuterium has a natural abundance in Earth's oceans ... | Physical sciences | s-Block | Chemistry |
8540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel%20engine | Diesel engine | The diesel engine, named after the German engineer Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of diesel fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is called a compression-ignition engine (CI engine). This contrasts ... | Technology | Basics_8 | null |
8578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyne | Dyne | The dyne (symbol: dyn; ) is a derived unit of force specified in the centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units, a predecessor of the modern SI.
History
The name dyne was first proposed as a CGS unit of force in 1873 by a Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Definition
The dyne is d... | Physical sciences | Force | Basics and measurement |
8603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction | Diffraction | Diffraction is the deviation of waves from straight-line propagation without any change in their energy due to an obstacle or through an aperture. The diffracting object or aperture effectively becomes a secondary source of the propagating wave. Diffraction is the same physical effect as interference, but interference ... | Physical sciences | Waves | null |
8612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declination | Declination | In astronomy, declination (abbreviated dec; symbol δ) is one of the two angles that locate a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system, the other being hour angle. The declination angle is measured north (positive) or south (negative) of the celestial equator, along the hour circle passing throu... | Physical sciences | Celestial sphere: General | Astronomy |
8625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20geometry | Differential geometry | Differential geometry is a mathematical discipline that studies the geometry of smooth shapes and smooth spaces, otherwise known as smooth manifolds. It uses the techniques of differential calculus, integral calculus, linear algebra and multilinear algebra. The field has its origins in the study of spherical geometry a... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
8626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhole | Dhole | The dhole ( ; Cuon alpinus) is a canid native to South, East and Southeast Asia. It is anatomically distinguished from members of the genus Canis in several aspects: its skull is convex rather than concave in profile, it lacks a third lower molar and the upper molars possess only a single cusp as opposed to between two... | Biology and health sciences | Canines | Animals |
8637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door | Door | A door is a hinged or otherwise movable barrier that allows ingress (entry) into and egress (exit) from an enclosure. The created opening in the wall is a doorway or portal. A door's essential and primary purpose is to provide security by controlling access to the doorway (portal). Conventionally, it is a panel that fi... | Technology | Architectural elements | null |
8643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20diffusion | Molecular diffusion | Molecular diffusion, often simply called diffusion, is the thermal motion of all (liquid or gas) particles at temperatures above absolute zero. The rate of this movement is a function of temperature, viscosity of the fluid and the size (mass) of the particles. Diffusion explains the net flux of molecules from a region ... | Physical sciences | Statistical mechanics | Physics |
8651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20matter | Dark matter | In astronomy, dark matter is an invisible and hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or other electromagnetic radiation. Dark matter is implied by gravitational effects which cannot be explained by general relativity unless more matter is present than can be observed. Such effects occur in the co... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | null |
8667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit%20experiment | Double-slit experiment | In modern physics, the double-slit experiment demonstrates that light and matter can exhibit behavior of both classical particles and classical waves. This type of experiment was first performed by Thomas Young in 1801, as a demonstration of the wave behavior of visible light. In 1927, Davisson and Germer and, indepen... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
8688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan%20Traps | Deccan Traps | The Deccan Traps are a large igneous province of west-central India (17–24°N, 73–74°E). They are one of the largest volcanic features on Earth, taking the form of a large shield volcano. They consist of many layers of solidified flood basalt that together are more than about thick, cover an area of about , and have a ... | Physical sciences | Geologic features | Earth science |
8697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20ligase | DNA ligase | DNA ligase is a type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in duplex DNA in living organisms, but some forms (such as DNA ligase IV) may specifically repair double-strand breaks (i.e. a break... | Biology and health sciences | Molecular biology | Biology |
8717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diprotodon | Diprotodon | Diprotodon (Ancient Greek: "two protruding front teeth") is an extinct genus of marsupial from the Pleistocene of Australia containing one species, D. optatum. The earliest finds date to 1.77 million to 780,000 years ago but most specimens are dated to after 110,000 years ago. Its remains were first unearthed in 1830 i... | Biology and health sciences | Diprotodontia | Animals |
8724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler%20effect | Doppler effect | The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. The Doppler effect is named after the physicist Christian Doppler, who described the phenomenon in 1842. A common example of Doppler shift is the change of pitch ... | Physical sciences | Waves | null |
8733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20video | Digital video | Digital video is an electronic representation of moving visual images (video) in the form of encoded digital data. This is in contrast to analog video, which represents moving visual images in the form of analog signals. Digital video comprises a series of digital images displayed in rapid succession, usually at 24, 25... | Technology | Media and communication: Basics | null |
8779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyer | Destroyer | In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable, long-endurance warship intended to escort
larger vessels in a fleet, convoy, or carrier battle group and defend them against a wide range of general threats. They were originally conceived in 1885 by Fernando Villaamil for the Spanish Navy as a defense against ... | Technology | Naval warfare | null |
11907381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian%20coelacanth | Indonesian coelacanth | The Indonesian coelacanth (Latimeria menadoensis, Indonesian: raja laut), also called Sulawesi coelacanth, is one of two living species of coelacanth, identifiable by its brown color. Latimeria menadoensis is a lobe-finned fish belonging to the class Actinistia and order Coelacanthiformes, classified under the family L... | Biology and health sciences | Fishes: General | Animals |
9446968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile%20%28astrogeology%29 | Volatile (astrogeology) | Volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds that can be readily vaporized. In contrast with volatiles, elements and compounds that are not readily vaporized are known as refractory substances.
On planet Earth, the term 'volatiles' often refers to the volatile components of magma. In astrogeolog... | Physical sciences | Volcanology | Earth science |
51852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk | Sidewalk | A sidewalk (North American English) or pavement (British English) is a path along the side of a road. Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone, or asphalt, it is designed for pedestrians. A sidewalk is normally higher than the roadway, and separated from it by a curb. There may also be a planted strip betw... | Technology | Road infrastructure | null |
51892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile | Textile | Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form text... | Technology | Materials | null |
51894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrescine | Putrescine | Putrescine is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(NH2)2. It is a colorless solid that melts near room temperature. It is classified as a diamine. Together with cadaverine, it is largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contributes to other unpleasant odors.
Production
Putrescine is p... | Physical sciences | Amides and amines | Chemistry |
51896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadaverine | Cadaverine | Cadaverine is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)5(NH2)2. Classified as a diamine, it is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. It is present in small quantities in living organisms but is often associated with the putrefaction of animal tissue. Together with putrescine, it is largely responsible for the fo... | Physical sciences | Amides and amines | Chemistry |
51916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcontinental%20railroad | Transcontinental railroad | A transcontinental railroad or transcontinental railway is contiguous railroad trackage that crosses a continental land mass and has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks may be via the tracks of a single railroad, or via several railroads owned or controlled by multiple railway companies ... | Technology | Ground transportation networks | null |
51944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichroism | Dichroism | In optics, a dichroic material is either one which causes visible light to be split up into distinct beams of different wavelengths (colours) (not to be confused with dispersion), or one in which light rays having different polarizations are absorbed by different amounts.
In beam splitters
The original meaning of dic... | Physical sciences | Optics | Physics |
51970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving | Weaving | Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, crocheting, felting, and braiding or plaiting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft, woof, or filli... | Technology | Techniques_2 | null |
51971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarn | Yarn | Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the... | Technology | Fabrics and fibers | null |
52015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper%20motion | Proper motion | Proper motion is the astrometric measure of the observed changes in the apparent places of stars or other celestial objects in the sky, as seen from the center of mass of the Solar System, compared to the abstract background of the more distant stars.
The components for proper motion in the equatorial coordinate syste... | Physical sciences | Basics | Astronomy |
52033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20optimization | Mathematical optimization | Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise... | Mathematics | Other | null |
52070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch | Arch | An arch is a curved vertical structure spanning an open space underneath it. Arches may support the load above them, or they may perform a purely decorative role. As a decorative element, the arch dates back to the 4th millennium BC, but structural load-bearing arches became popular only after their adoption by the Anc... | Technology | Architectural elements | null |
52080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio%20cholerae | Vibrio cholerae | Vibrio cholerae is a species of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe and comma-shaped bacteria. The bacteria naturally live in brackish or saltwater where they attach themselves easily to the chitin-containing shells of crabs, shrimp, and other shellfish. Some strains of V. cholerae are pathogenic to humans and cause a ... | Biology and health sciences | Gram-negative bacteria | Plants |
52081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihydrogen | Antihydrogen | Antihydrogen () is the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. Whereas the common hydrogen atom is composed of an electron and proton, the antihydrogen atom is made up of a positron and antiproton. Scientists hope that studying antihydrogen may shed light on the question of why there is more matter than antimatter in the o... | Physical sciences | Antimatter | Physics |
52082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable%20transport | Cable transport | Cable transport is a broad class of transport modes that have cables. They transport passengers and goods, often in vehicles called cable cars. The cable may be driven or passive, and items may be moved by pulling, sliding, sailing, or by drives within the object being moved on cableways. The use of pulleys and balanci... | Technology | Other | null |
52085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20folding | Protein folding | Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein, after synthesis by a ribosome as a linear chain of amino acids, changes from an unstable random coil into a more ordered three-dimensional structure. This structure permits the protein to become biologically functional.
The folding of many proteins begins eve... | Biology and health sciences | Molecular biology | Biology |
52124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHS | VHS | VHS (Video Home System) is a standard for consumer-level analog video recording on tape cassettes, introduced in 1976 by the Victor Company of Japan (JVC). It was the dominant home video format throughout the tape media period in the 1980s and 1990s.
Magnetic tape video recording was adopted by the television industry... | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
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