id
stringlengths
2
8
url
stringlengths
31
117
title
stringlengths
1
71
text
stringlengths
153
118k
topic
stringclasses
4 values
section
stringlengths
4
49
sublist
stringclasses
9 values
59038
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%20series
Fourier series
A Fourier series () is an expansion of a periodic function into a sum of trigonometric functions. The Fourier series is an example of a trigonometric series. By expressing a function as a sum of sines and cosines, many problems involving the function become easier to analyze because trigonometric functions are well un...
Mathematics
Calculus and analysis
null
59052
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble%20%28mathematical%20physics%29
Ensemble (mathematical physics)
In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, an ensemble (also statistical ensemble) is an idealization consisting of a large number of virtual copies (sometimes infinitely many) of a system, considered all at once, each of which represents a possible state that the real system might be in. In other words, a statist...
Physical sciences
Statistical mechanics
Physics
59166
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassowary
Cassowary
Cassowaries (; Biak: man suar ; ; Papuan: kasu weri ) are flightless birds of the genus Casuarius, in the order Casuariiformes. They are classified as ratites, flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bones. Cassowaries are native to the tropical forests of New Guinea (Western New Guinea and Papua New Guinea), ...
Biology and health sciences
Ratites
null
59171
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps
Mumps
Mumps is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the mumps virus. Initial symptoms of mumps are non-specific and include fever, headache, malaise, muscle pain, and loss of appetite. These symptoms are usually followed by painful swelling around the side of the face (the parotid glands, called parotitis), which is t...
Biology and health sciences
Infectious disease
null
59217
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic%20formula
Quadratic formula
In elementary algebra, the quadratic formula is a closed-form expression describing the solutions of a quadratic equation. Other ways of solving quadratic equations, such as completing the square, yield the same solutions. Given a general quadratic equation of the form , with representing an unknown, and coefficients...
Mathematics
Elementary algebra
null
59231
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception%20handling
Exception handling
In computing and computer programming, exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence of exceptions – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – during the execution of a program. In general, an exception breaks the normal flow of execution and executes a pre-registered except...
Technology
Software development: General
null
59238
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomology
Entomology
Entomology () is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In the past, the term insect was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arachnids, myriapods, and crusta...
Biology and health sciences
Basics_2
Biology
59243
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibole
Amphibole
Amphibole ( ) is a group of inosilicate minerals, forming prism or needlelike crystals, composed of double chain tetrahedra, linked at the vertices and generally containing ions of iron and/or magnesium in their structures. Its IMA symbol is Amp. Amphiboles can be green, black, colorless, white, yellow, blue, or brown...
Physical sciences
Silicate minerals
Earth science
59249
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaya
Papaya
The papaya (, ), papaw, () or pawpaw () is the plant species Carica papaya, one of the 21 accepted species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae, and also the name of its fruit. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within modern-day southern Mexico and Central America. It is grown in several countries in re...
Biology and health sciences
Brassicales
null
59358
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhiza
Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (; , mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry. In a...
Biology and health sciences
Basics
Plants
59364
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methionine
Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) () is an essential amino acid in humans. As the precursor of other non-essential amino acids such as cysteine and taurine, versatile compounds such as SAM-e, and the important antioxidant glutathione, methionine plays a critical role in the metabolism and health of many species, including ...
Biology and health sciences
Amino acids
Biology
59366
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large%20intestine
Large intestine
The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in tetrapods. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored in the rectum as feces before being removed by defecation. The colon (progressing from the ascending colon to the...
Biology and health sciences
Digestive system
null
59385
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita%20muscaria
Amanita muscaria
Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, is a basidiomycete of the genus Amanita. It is a large white-gilled, white-spotted, and usually red mushroom. Despite its easily distinguishable features, A.muscaria is a fungus with several known variations, or subspecies. These subspecies are slightl...
Biology and health sciences
Poisonous fungi
null
59399
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumber
Lumber
Lumber is wood that has been processed into uniform and useful sizes (dimensional lumber), including beams and planks or boards. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as finishing (floors, wall panels, window frames). Lumber has many uses beyond home building. Lumber is referred to as timber in the Un...
Technology
Building materials
null
59405
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial%20and%20terminal%20objects
Initial and terminal objects
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an initial object of a category is an object in such that for every object in , there exists precisely one morphism . The dual notion is that of a terminal object (also called terminal element): is terminal if for every object in there exists exactly one morphism . I...
Mathematics
Category theory
null
59407
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pea
Pea
Pea (pisum in Latin) is a pulse, vegetable or fodder crop, but the word often refers to the seed or sometimes the pod of this flowering plant species. Carl Linnaeus gave the species the scientific name Pisum sativum in 1753 (meaning cultivated pea). Some sources now treat it as Lathyrus oleraceus; however the need and ...
Biology and health sciences
Fabales
null
59408
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedology
Pedology
Pedology (from Greek: πέδον, pedon, "soil"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is a discipline within soil science which focuses on understanding and characterizing soil formation, evolution, and the theoretical frameworks for modeling soil bodies, often in the context of the natural environment. Pedology is often seen as one ...
Physical sciences
Soil science
Earth science
59413
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20science
Soil science
Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils. The main branches of soil science are pedolog...
Physical sciences
Pedology
null
59414
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen%20cycle
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle inclu...
Physical sciences
Earth science basics: General
Earth science
59416
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20erosion
Soil erosion
Soil erosion is the denudation or wearing away of the upper layer of soil. It is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice (glaciers), snow, air (wind), plants, and animals (including humans). In accordance with these agents, erosion is som...
Physical sciences
Soil science
Earth science
59438
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20conductivity%20and%20resistivity
Thermal conductivity and resistivity
The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. It is commonly denoted by , , or and is measured in W·m−1·K−1. Heat transfer occurs at a lower rate in materials of low thermal conductivity than in materials of high thermal conductivity. For instance, metals typically have high ther...
Physical sciences
Thermodynamics
Physics
59442
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryte
Baryte
Baryte, barite or barytes ( or ) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The baryte group consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), anglesite (lead sulfate), and anhydrite (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine ...
Physical sciences
Minerals
Earth science
59444
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20level
Energy level
A quantum mechanical system or particle that is bound—that is, confined spatially—can only take on certain discrete values of energy, called energy levels. This contrasts with classical particles, which can have any amount of energy. The term is commonly used for the energy levels of the electrons in atoms, ions, or mo...
Physical sciences
Atomic physics
null
59456
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate
Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood. Chemical nature Inorganic chemistry Hydrates are inorganic salts "...
Physical sciences
Water
Chemistry
59493
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworks
Fireworks
Fireworks are low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. They are most commonly used in fireworks displays (also called a fireworks show or pyrotechnics), combining a large number of devices in an outdoor setting. Such displays are the focal point of many cultural and religious cel...
Technology
Material and chemical
null
59497
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility
Solubility
In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of the solute to form such a solution. The extent of the solubility of a substance in a specific solvent is generally measured as the concentr...
Physical sciences
Mixture
Chemistry
59597
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc%20brake
Disc brake
A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc (sometimes called a [brake] rotor) to create friction. There are two basic types of brake pad friction mechanisms: abrasive friction and adherent friction. This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, e...
Technology
Motorized road transport
null
59611
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization
Ionization
Ionization (or ionisation specifically in Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand) is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an i...
Physical sciences
Phase transitions
null
59613
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization%20energy
Ionization energy
In physics and chemistry, ionization energy (IE) is the minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule. The first ionization energy is quantitatively expressed as X(g) + energy ⟶ X+(g) + e− where X is any atom or molecule, X+ is the resultant ion...
Physical sciences
Periodic table
Chemistry
59615
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20potential
Electric potential
Electric potential (also called the electric field potential, potential drop, the electrostatic potential) is defined as the amount of work/energy needed per unit of electric charge to move the charge from a reference point to a specific point in an electric field. More precisely, the electric potential is the energy p...
Physical sciences
Electrostatics
null
59637
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocus
Crocus
Crocus (; plural: crocuses or croci) is a genus of seasonal flowering plants in the family Iridaceae (iris family) comprising about 100 species of perennials growing from corms. They are low growing plants, whose flower stems remain underground, that bear relatively large white, yellow, orange or purple flowers and the...
Biology and health sciences
Asparagales
Plants
59644
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20signature
Digital signature
A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents. A valid digital signature on a message gives a recipient confidence that the message came from a sender known to the recipient. Digital signatures are a standard element of most cryptographic protocol suites, ...
Technology
Computer security
null
59660
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary%20system
Integumentary system
The integumentary system is the set of organs forming the outermost layer of an animal's body. It comprises the skin and its appendages, which act as a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain the body of the animal. Mainly it is the body's ou...
Biology and health sciences
Integumentary system
null
59701
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broom
Broom
A broom (also known as a broomstick) is a cleaning tool consisting of usually stiff fibers (often made of materials such as plastic, hair, or corn husks) attached to, and roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle, the broomstick. It is thus a variety of brush with a long handle. It is commonly used in combination with ...
Technology
Hand tools
null
59715
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific%20notation
Scientific notation
Scientific notation is a way of expressing numbers that are too large or too small to be conveniently written in decimal form, since to do so would require writing out an inconveniently long string of digits. It may be referred to as scientific form or standard index form, or standard form in the United Kingdom. This b...
Mathematics
Basics
null
59718
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity%20matrix
Identity matrix
In linear algebra, the identity matrix of size is the square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It has unique properties, for example when the identity matrix represents a geometric transformation, the object remains unchanged by the transformation. In other contexts, it is analogous to multip...
Mathematics
Linear algebra
null
59733
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagon
Hexagon
In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek , , meaning "six", and , , meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon. The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°. Regular hexagon A regular hexagon has Schläfli symbol {6} and can also be constructed as a truncated equilateral triangl...
Mathematics
Two-dimensional space
null
59746
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20recluse%20spider
Brown recluse spider
The brown recluse (Loxosceles reclusa, Sicariidae, formerly placed in a family "Loxoscelidae") is a recluse spider with necrotic venom. Similar to those of other recluse spiders, their bites sometimes require medical attention. The brown recluse is one of three spiders in North America with dangerous venom, the others ...
Biology and health sciences
Spiders
Animals
59790
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm
Farm
A farm (also called an agricultural holding) is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production. The name is used for specialized units such as arable farms, vegetable farms, fruit farms, dairy,...
Technology
Buildings and infrastructure
null
59856
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea%20%28moon%29
Rhea (moon)
Rhea () is the second-largest moon of Saturn and the ninth-largest moon in the Solar System, with a surface area that is comparable to the area of Australia. It is the smallest body in the Solar System for which precise measurements have confirmed a shape consistent with hydrostatic equilibrium. Rhea has a nearly circu...
Physical sciences
Solar System
Astronomy
59858
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhea%20%28bird%29
Rhea (bird)
Rheas ( ), also known as ñandus ( ) or South American ostrich, are moderately sized South American ratites (flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bone) of the order Rheiformes. They are distantly related to the African ostriches and Australia's emu (the largest and second-largest living ratites, respectively...
Biology and health sciences
Ratites
null
59861
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment
Experiment
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried. Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated. Experiments vary greatly in goal and scal...
Physical sciences
Basics
null
59863
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondence%20principle
Correspondence principle
In physics, a correspondence principle is any one of several premises or assertions about the relationship between classical and quantum mechanics. The physicist Niels Bohr coined the term in 1920 during the early development of quantum theory; he used it to explain how quantized classical orbitals connect to quantum ...
Physical sciences
Quantum mechanics
Physics
59868
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter%20%28computing%29
Interpreter (computing)
In computer science, an interpreter is a computer program that directly executes instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without requiring them previously to have been compiled into a machine language program. An interpreter generally uses one of the following strategies for program execution: Pa...
Technology
Software development: General
null
59874
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%20equation
Schrödinger equation
The Schrödinger equation is a partial differential equation that governs the wave function of a non-relativistic quantum-mechanical system. Its discovery was a significant landmark in the development of quantum mechanics. It is named after Erwin Schrödinger, an Austrian physicist, who postulated the equation in 1925 an...
Physical sciences
Quantum mechanics
null
59881
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20gas%20law
Ideal gas law
The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical...
Physical sciences
Thermodynamics
null
59919
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant
Pheasant
Pheasants ( ) are birds of several genera within the family Phasianidae in the order Galliformes. Although they can be found all over the world in introduced (and captive) populations, the pheasant genera's native range is restricted to Eurasia. The classification "pheasant" is paraphyletic, as birds referred to as phe...
Biology and health sciences
Galliformes
Animals
59953
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Allen%20radiation%20belt
Van Allen radiation belt
The Van Allen radiation belt is a zone of energetic charged particles, most of which originate from the solar wind, that are captured by and held around a planet by that planet's magnetosphere. Earth has two such belts, and sometimes others may be temporarily created. The belts are named after James Van Allen, who publ...
Physical sciences
Geophysics
Earth science
59958
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20series
Power series
In mathematics, a power series (in one variable) is an infinite series of the form where represents the coefficient of the nth term and c is a constant called the center of the series. Power series are useful in mathematical analysis, where they arise as Taylor series of infinitely differentiable functions. In fact, ...
Mathematics
Sequences and series
null
60023
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag
Airbag
An airbag is a vehicle occupant-restraint system using a bag designed to inflate in milliseconds during a collision and then deflate afterwards. It consists of an airbag cushion, a flexible fabric bag, an inflation module, and an impact sensor. The purpose of the airbag is to provide a vehicle occupant with soft cushio...
Technology
Basics_7
null
60088
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roentgenium
Roentgenium
Roentgenium () is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Rg and atomic number 111. It is extremely radioactive and can only be created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, roentgenium-282, has a half-life of 130 seconds, although the unconfirmed roentgenium-286 may have a longer half-life of about 10.7 ...
Physical sciences
Group 11
Chemistry
60162
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal%20locking
Tidal locking
Tidal locking between a pair of co-orbiting astronomical bodies occurs when one of the objects reaches a state where there is no longer any net change in its rotation rate over the course of a complete orbit. In the case where a tidally locked body possesses synchronous rotation, the object takes just as long to rotate...
Physical sciences
Celestial mechanics
null
60209
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascaris%20lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides is a large parasitic roundworm of the genus Ascaris. It is the most common parasitic worm in humans. An estimated 807 million–1.2 billion people are infected with A. lumbricoides worldwide. People living in tropical and subtropical countries are at greater risk of infection. Infection by Ascaris lu...
Biology and health sciences
Ecdysozoa
Animals
60244
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugong
Dugong
The dugong (; Dugong dugon) is a marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest modern relative, Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), was hunted to extinction ...
Biology and health sciences
Sirenia
Animals
60257
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20mammal
Marine mammal
Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine (saltwater) ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises), pinnipeds (seals, sea lions and walruses), sirenians (manatees and dugongs), sea otters and polar bears. They are an informal group, unified only by their r...
Biology and health sciences
Mammals: General
Animals
60258
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20lion
Sea lion
Sea lions are pinnipeds characterized by external ear flaps, long foreflippers, the ability to walk on all fours, short and thick hair, and a big chest and belly. Together with the fur seals, they make up the family Otariidae, eared seals. The sea lions have six extant and one extinct species (the Japanese sea lion) i...
Biology and health sciences
Pinnipeds
Animals
60261
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinniped
Pinniped
Pinnipeds (pronounced ), commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic, mostly marine mammals. They comprise the extant families Odobenidae (whose only living member is the walrus), Otariidae (the eared seals: sea lions and fur seals), and Phocidae (the earl...
Biology and health sciences
Pinnipeds
null
60264
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mephitidae
Mephitidae
Mephitidae is a family of mammals comprising the skunks and stink badgers. They are noted for the great development of their anal scent glands, which they use to deter predators. Skunks were formerly classified as a subfamily of the Mustelidae (the weasel family); however, in the 1990s, genetic evidence caused skunks t...
Biology and health sciences
Other carnivora
Animals
60284
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain%20pen
Fountain pen
A fountain pen is a writing instrument that uses a metal nib to apply water-based ink, or special pigment ink—suitable for fountain pens—to paper. It is distinguished from earlier dip pens by using an internal reservoir to hold ink, eliminating the need to repeatedly dip the pen in an inkwell during use. The pen draws ...
Technology
Writing tools
null
60288
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewter
Pewter
Pewter () is a malleable metal alloy consisting of tin (85–99%), antimony (approximately 5–10%), copper (2%), bismuth, and sometimes silver. In the past, it was an alloy of tin and lead, but most modern pewter, in order to prevent lead poisoning, is not made with lead. Pewter has a low melting point, around , depending...
Physical sciences
Specific alloys
Chemistry
60343
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment
Sediment
Sediment is a solid material that is transported to a new location where it is deposited. It occurs naturally and, through the processes of weathering and erosion, is broken down and subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles. For example, sand and s...
Physical sciences
Pedology
null
60372
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamine%20%28mineral%29
Calamine (mineral)
Calamine is a historic name for an ore of zinc. The name calamine was derived from lapis calaminaris, a Latin corruption of Greek cadmia (καδμία), the old name for zinc ores in general. The name of the Belgian town of Kelmis, La Calamine in French, which was home to a zinc mine, comes from this. In the 18th and 19th c...
Physical sciences
Minerals
Earth science
14715409
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katana
Katana
A is a Japanese sabre characterized by a curved, single-edged blade with a circular or squared guard and long grip to accommodate two hands. Developed later than the tachi, it was used by samurai in feudal Japan and worn with the edge facing upward. Since the Muromachi period, many old tachi were cut from the root and...
Technology
Melee weapons
null
3110432
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%20Puppis
Pi Puppis
Pi Puppis, Latinized from π Puppis, also named Ahadi, is the second-brightest star in the southern constellation of Puppis. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 2.733, so it can be viewed with the naked eye at night. Parallax measurements yield an estimated distance of roughly from the Earth. This is a double star w...
Physical sciences
Notable stars
Astronomy
3112575
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal%20zone
Intertidal zone
The intertidal zone or foreshore is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide; in other words, it is the part of the littoral zone within the tidal range. This area can include several types of habitats with various species of life, such as sea stars, sea urchins, and many species of coral with...
Physical sciences
Oceanography
Earth science
17557798
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20illness
Heat illness
Heat illness is a spectrum of disorders due to increased body temperature. It can be caused by either environmental conditions or by exertion. It includes minor conditions such as heat cramps, heat syncope, and heat exhaustion as well as the more severe condition known as heat stroke. It can affect any or all anatomica...
Biology and health sciences
Types
Health
617607
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilomelane
Psilomelane
Psilomelane is a group name for hard black manganese oxides including hollandite and romanechite. Psilomelane consists of hydrous manganese oxide with variable amounts of barium and potassium. Psilomelane is erroneously, and uncommonly, known as black hematite, despite not being related to true hematite, which is an ir...
Physical sciences
Minerals
Earth science
618063
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite%20phone
Satellite phone
A satellite telephone, satellite phone or satphone is a type of mobile phone that connects to other phones or the telephone network by radio link through satellites orbiting the Earth instead of terrestrial cell sites, as cellphones do. Therefore, they can work in most geographic locations on the Earth's surface, as lo...
Technology
Telecommunications
null
618077
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20engineering
Power engineering
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric power, and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phas...
Technology
Disciplines
null
618631
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low%20back%20pain
Low back pain
Low back pain or lumbago is a common disorder involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back, in between the lower edge of the ribs and the lower fold of the buttocks. Pain can vary from a dull constant ache to a sudden sharp feeling. Low back pain may be classified by duration as acute (pain lasting less than 6 ...
Biology and health sciences
Disabilities
Health
618854
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam%20Metro
Amsterdam Metro
The Amsterdam Metro () is a rapid transit system serving Amsterdam, Netherlands, and extending to the surrounding municipalities of Diemen and Ouder-Amstel. Until 2019, it also served the municipality of Amstelveen, but this route was closed and converted into a tram line. The network is owned by the City of Amsterdam ...
Technology
Netherlands
null
619020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain%20goat
Mountain goat
The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus), also known as the Rocky Mountain goat, is a cloven-footed mammal that is endemic to the remote and rugged mountainous areas of western North America. A subalpine to truly alpine species, it is a sure-footed climber commonly seen on sheer rock faces, near-vertical cliffs and icy ...
Biology and health sciences
Bovidae
Animals
619201
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulizer
Nebulizer
In medicine, a nebulizer (American English) or nebuliser (British English) is a drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs. Nebulizers are commonly used for the treatment of asthma, cystic fibrosis, COPD and other respiratory diseases or disorders. They use oxygen, c...
Biology and health sciences
General concepts_2
Health
619355
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retainer%20%28orthodontics%29
Retainer (orthodontics)
Orthodontic retainers are custom-made devices, usually made of wires or clear plastic, that hold teeth in position after surgery or any method of realigning teeth. Once a phase of orthodontic treatment has been completed to straighten teeth, there remains a lifelong risk of relapse (a tendency for teeth to return to th...
Technology
Equipment
null
619442
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venule
Venule
A venule is a very small vein in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into the venous system via increasingly larger veins. Post-capillary venules are the smallest of the veins with a diameter of between 10 and 30 micrometres (μm). When the post-capillary venules increase i...
Biology and health sciences
Circulatory system
Biology
619451
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal%20bleeding
Internal bleeding
Internal bleeding (also called internal haemorrhage) is a loss of blood from a blood vessel that collects inside the body, and is not usually visible from the outside. It can be a serious medical emergency but the extent of severity depends on bleeding rate and location of the bleeding (e.g. head, torso, extremities). ...
Biology and health sciences
Types
Health
619594
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aciclovir
Aciclovir
Aciclovir, also known as acyclovir, is an antiviral medication. It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles. Other uses include, prevention of cytomegalovirus infections following transplant, and severe complications of Epstein–Barr virus infection. It can be take...
Biology and health sciences
Antiviral drugs
Health
619602
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary%20system
Genitourinary system
The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the sex organs of the reproductive system and the organs of the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways. Because of this, the systems are sometimes imaged tog...
Biology and health sciences
Reproductive system
Biology
619798
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club%20%28weapon%29
Club (weapon)
A club (also known as a cudgel, baton, bludgeon, truncheon, cosh, nightstick, or impact weapon) is a short staff or stick, usually made of wood, wielded as a weapon or tool since prehistory. There are several examples of blunt-force trauma caused by clubs in the past, including at the site of Nataruk in Turkana, Kenya,...
Technology
Melee weapons
null
619926
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20collapse
Gravitational collapse
Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity. Gravitational collapse is a fundamental mechanism for structure formation in the universe. Over time an initial, relatively smooth distribution of ...
Physical sciences
Celestial mechanics
Astronomy
619980
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline
Thermocline
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g. water, as in an ocean or lake; or air, e.g. an atmosphere) with a high gradient of distinct temperature differences associated with depth. In the ocean, the thermocline...
Physical sciences
Earth science basics: General
Earth science
619985
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menai%20Bridge
Menai Bridge
Menai Bridge (; usually referred to colloquially as Y Borth) is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in north-west Wales. It overlooks the Menai Strait and lies by the Menai Suspension Bridge, built in 1826 by Thomas Telford, just over the water from Bangor. It has a population of 3,376. There are many small...
Technology
Bridges
null
620358
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapetus%20Ocean
Iapetus Ocean
The Iapetus Ocean (; ) existed in the late Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic eras of the geologic timescale (between 600 and 400 million years ago). It was in the southern hemisphere, between the paleocontinents of Laurentia, Baltica and Avalonia. The ocean disappeared with the Acadian, Caledonian and Taconic orogenie...
Physical sciences
Paleogeography
Earth science
620629
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoraptor
Eoraptor
Eoraptor () is a genus of small, lightly built, basal sauropodomorph dinosaur. One of the earliest-known dinosaurs and one of the earliest sauropodomorphs, it lived approximately 231 to 228 million years ago, during the Late Triassic in Western Gondwana, in the region that is now northwestern Argentina. The type and on...
Biology and health sciences
Dinosaurs
Animals
620667
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodology
Methodology
In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods. However, the term can also refer to the methods themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background assumptions. A method is a structured procedure for bringing about a certain goal, like acquiring knowledge or verifying knowledg...
Physical sciences
Science basics
Basics and measurement
1605738
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsus%20%28skeleton%29
Tarsus (skeleton)
In the human body, the tarsus (: tarsi) is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus. It is made up of the midfoot (cuboid, medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform, and navicular) and hindfoot (talus and calcaneu...
Biology and health sciences
Skeletal system
Biology
1605931
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermodal%20passenger%20transport
Intermodal passenger transport
Intermodal passenger transport, also called mixed-mode commuting, involves using two or more modes of transportation in a journey. Mixed-mode commuting is often used to combine the strengths (and offset the weaknesses) of various transportation options. A major goal of modern intermodal passenger transport is to reduce...
Technology
Basics_7
null
1607203
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM%20broadcasting
FM broadcasting
FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting that uses frequency modulation (FM) of the radio broadcast carrier wave. Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, wide-band FM is used worldwide to transmit high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. FM broadcasting offers higher fidelity—more accurate repr...
Technology
Broadcasting
null
1608705
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20spurred%20tortoise
African spurred tortoise
The African spurred tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata), also called the sulcata tortoise, is an endangered species of tortoise inhabiting the southern edge of the Sahara Desert, the Sahel, in Africa. It is the largest mainland species of tortoise in Africa, and the third-largest in the world, after the Galapagos tortoise ...
Biology and health sciences
Turtles
Animals
1609224
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feasibility%20study
Feasibility study
A feasibility study is an assessment of the practicality of a project or system. A feasibility study aims to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats present in the natural environment, the resources required to carry through,...
Technology
Basics
null
1609557
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entelodontidae
Entelodontidae
Entelodontidae is an extinct family of pig-like artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) which inhabited the Northern Hemisphere (Asia, Europe, and North America) from the late Eocene to the early Miocene epochs, about 38-19 million years ago. Their large heads, low snouts, narrow gait, and proposed omnivorous diet inspires ...
Biology and health sciences
Other artiodactyla
Animals
1610231
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20density
Energy density
In physics, energy density is the quotient between the amount of energy stored in a given system or contained in a given region of space and the volume of the system or region considered. Often only the useful or extractable energy is measured. It is sometimes confused with stored energy per unit mass, which is called ...
Physical sciences
Physics basics: General
Physics
9567916
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical%20screening
Mechanical screening
Mechanical screening, often just called screening, is the practice of taking granulated or crushed ore material and separating it into multiple grades by particle size. This practice occurs in a variety of industries such as mining and mineral processing, agriculture, pharmaceutical, food, plastics, and recycling. A ...
Technology
Metallurgy
null
12039054
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO%20Model%20List%20of%20Essential%20Medicines
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system. The list is frequently used by countries to help develop their own loc...
Biology and health sciences
General concepts_2
Health
7391204
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20hub
Transport hub
A transport hub is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and/or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include railway stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stops, airports, and ferry slips. Freight hubs include classification yards, airports, seaports, and truck termina...
Technology
Concepts of ground transport
null
351249
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiary
Apiary
An apiary (also known as a bee yard) is a location where beehives of honey bees are kept. Apiaries come in many sizes and can be rural or urban depending on the honey production operation. Furthermore, an apiary may refer to a hobbyist's hives or those used for commercial or educational usage. It can also be a wall-les...
Technology
Buildings and infrastructure
null
351263
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20summer
Indian summer
An Indian summer is a period of unseasonably warm, dry weather that sometimes occurs in autumn in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Several sources describe a true Indian summer as not occurring until after the first frost, or more specifically the first "killing frost". Etymology The late 19th-century lex...
Physical sciences
Meteorology: General
Earth science
351423
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foehn%20wind
Foehn wind
A Foehn, or Föhn (, , ), is a type of dry, relatively warm downslope wind in the lee of a mountain range. It is a rain shadow wind that results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air that has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (see orographic lift). As a consequence of the different adiabatic lapse...
Physical sciences
Winds
Earth science
351583
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20helium
Liquid helium
Liquid helium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures. Liquid helium may show superfluidity. At standard pressure, the chemical element helium exists in a liquid form only at the extremely low temperature of . Its boiling point and critical point depend on the isotope o...
Physical sciences
s-Block
Chemistry
351603
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piloting
Piloting
Piloting or pilotage is the process of navigating on water or in the air using fixed points of reference on the sea or on land, usually with reference to a nautical chart or aeronautical chart to obtain a fix of the position of the vessel or aircraft with respect to a desired course or location. Horizontal fixes of pos...
Technology
Navigation
null