id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
values | section stringlengths 4 49 ⌀ | sublist stringclasses 9
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid | Lipid | Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The functions of lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. Lipids have ... | Biology and health sciences | Chemistry | null |
17944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20algebra | Lie algebra | In mathematics, a Lie algebra (pronounced ) is a vector space together with an operation called the Lie bracket, an alternating bilinear map , that satisfies the Jacobi identity. In other words, a Lie algebra is an algebra over a field for which the multiplication operation (called the Lie bracket) is alternating and... | Mathematics | Linear algebra | null |
17945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20group | Lie group | In mathematics, a Lie group (pronounced ) is a group that is also a differentiable manifold, such that group multiplication and taking inverses are both differentiable.
A manifold is a space that locally resembles Euclidean space, whereas groups define the abstract concept of a binary operation along with the additio... | Mathematics | Abstract algebra | null |
17961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least%20common%20multiple | Least common multiple | In arithmetic and number theory, the least common multiple, lowest common multiple, or smallest common multiple of two integers a and b, usually denoted by , is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by both a and b. Since division of integers by zero is undefined, this definition has meaning only if a and b ... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
17973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20crystal | Liquid crystal | Liquid crystal (LC) is a state of matter whose properties are between those of conventional liquids and those of solid crystals. For example, a liquid crystal can flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a common direction as in a solid. There are many types of LC phases, which can be distinguished by t... | Physical sciences | States of matter | Physics |
17974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20gun | Long gun | A long gun is a category of firearms with long barrels. In small arms, a long gun or longarm is generally designed to be held by both hands and braced against the shoulder, in contrast to a handgun, which can be fired being held with a single hand. In the context of cannons and mounted firearms, an artillery long gun w... | Technology | Firearms | null |
17981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20definite%20proportions | Law of definite proportions | In chemistry, the law of definite proportions, sometimes called Proust's law or the law of constant composition, states that a given
chemical compound contains its constituent elements in a fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source or method of preparation. For example, oxygen makes up about 8/9 of the... | Physical sciences | Reaction | Chemistry |
18009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift%20%28force%29 | Lift (force) | When a fluid flows around an object, the fluid exerts a force on the object. Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag force, which is the component of the force parallel to the flow direction. Lift conventionally acts in an upward direction in ... | Physical sciences | Fluid mechanics | null |
18016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp%20%28programming%20language%29 | Lisp (programming language) | Lisp (historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation.
Originally specified in the late 1950s, it is the second-oldest high-level programming language still in common use, after Fortran. Lisp has cha... | Technology | Programming languages | null |
18062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather | Leather | Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.
Leather can be used to make... | Technology | Fabrics and fibers | null |
18069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricant | Lubricant | A lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. The pro... | Technology | Chemicals | null |
18071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama | Llama | The llama (; or ) (Lama glama) is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the pre-Columbian era.
Llamas are social animals and live with others as a herd. Their wool is soft and contains only a small amount of lanolin. Llamas can learn simple tasks after a... | Biology and health sciences | Artiodactyla | null |
18093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20Group | Local Group | The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way, where Earth is located. It has a total diameter of roughly , and a total mass of the order of .
It consists of two collections of galaxies in a "dumbbell" shape; the Milky Way and its satellites form one lobe, and the Andromeda Galaxy and its satellites c... | Physical sciences | Notable galaxies | null |
18094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litre | Litre | The litre (Commonwealth spelling) or liter (American spelling) (SI symbols L and l, other symbol used: ℓ) is a metric unit of volume. It is equal to 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), 1000 cubic centimetres (cm3) or 0.001 cubic metres (m3). A cubic decimetre (or litre) occupies a volume of (see figure) and is thus equal to one-... | Physical sciences | Volume | null |
18102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20map | Linear map | In mathematics, and more specifically in linear algebra, a linear map (also called a linear mapping, linear transformation, vector space homomorphism, or in some contexts linear function) is a mapping between two vector spaces that preserves the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication. The same names ... | Mathematics | Linear algebra | null |
18103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyden%20jar | Leyden jar | A Leyden jar (or Leiden jar, or archaically, Kleistian jar) is an electrical component that stores a high-voltage electric charge (from an external source) between electrical conductors on the inside and outside of a glass jar. It typically consists of a glass jar with metal foil cemented to the inside and the outsid... | Technology | Components | null |
18111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepus%20%28constellation%29 | Lepus (constellation) | Lepus is a constellation lying just south of the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for hare. It is located below—immediately south—of Orion (the hunter), and is sometimes represented as a hare being chased by Orion or by Orion's hunting dogs.
Although the hare does not represent any particular figure in Greek mytho... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
18112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus%20%28constellation%29 | Lupus (constellation) | Lupus is a constellation of the mid-Southern Sky. Its name is Latin for wolf. Lupus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations but was long an asterism associated with the just westerly, larger constellation Centaurus.
History and m... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
18113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyra | Lyra | , from ; pronounced: ) is a small constellation. It is one of the 48 listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the modern 88 constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union. Lyra was often represented on star maps as a vulture or an eagle carrying a lyre, and hence is sometimes refe... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
18120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysosome | Lysosome | A lysosome () is a single membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest many kinds of biomolecules. A lysosome has a specific composition, of both its membrane proteins and its lumenal proteins. The lumen's pH (~4.5–5.0) is optimal for the e... | Biology and health sciences | Organelles and other cell parts | null |
18131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Angeles%20International%20Airport | Los Angeles International Airport | Los Angeles International Airport is the primary international airport serving Los Angeles and its surrounding metropolitan area, in the U.S. state of California. LAX is located in the Westchester neighborhood of the city of Los Angeles, southwest of downtown Los Angeles, with the commercial and residential areas of ... | Technology | North America | null |
18153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20connective | Logical connective | In logic, a logical connective (also called a logical operator, sentential connective, or sentential operator) is a logical constant. Connectives can be used to connect logical formulas. For instance in the syntax of propositional logic, the binary connective can be used to join the two atomic formulas and , renderin... | Mathematics | Mathematical logic | null |
18154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional%20calculus | Propositional calculus | The propositional calculus is a branch of logic. It is also called propositional logic, statement logic, sentential calculus, sentential logic, or sometimes zeroth-order logic. Sometimes, it is called first-order propositional logic to contrast it with System F, but it should not be confused with first-order logic. It... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
18167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked%20list | Linked list | In computer science, a linked list is a linear collection of data elements whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory. Instead, each element points to the next. It is a data structure consisting of a collection of nodes which together represent a sequence. In its most basic form, each node contains ... | Mathematics | Data structures and types | null |
18168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic%20gate | Logic gate | A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has, for instance, zero rise time and unlimited fan-out, or it may refer to a non-idea... | Technology | Digital logic | null |
18172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20mine | Land mine | A land mine, or landmine, is an explosive weapon often concealed under or camouflaged on the ground, and designed to destroy or disable enemy targets as they pass over or near it. Land mines are divided into two types: anti-tank mines, which are designed to disable tanks or other vehicles; and anti-personnel mines, whi... | Technology | Explosive weapons | null |
18184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard | Lizard | Lizard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes (and to a lesser extent amphisbaenians), encompassing over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. The grouping is paraphyletic as some lizards are more closely related to snakes tha... | Biology and health sciences | Reptiles | null |
18203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda%20calculus | Lambda calculus | Lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system in mathematical logic for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution. Untyped lambda calculus, the topic of this article, is a universal machine, a model of computation that can be used to s... | Mathematics | Computability theory | null |
18232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20penguin | Little penguin | The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin. It originates from New Zealand. It is commonly known as the fairy penguin, little blue penguin, or blue penguin, owing to its slate-blue plumage and is also known by its Māori name . It is a marine neritic species that dives for food throughout th... | Biology and health sciences | Sphenisciformes | Animals |
18285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange%20point | Lagrange point | In celestial mechanics, the Lagrange points (; also Lagrangian points or libration points) are points of equilibrium for small-mass objects under the gravitational influence of two massive orbiting bodies. Mathematically, this involves the solution of the restricted three-body problem.
Normally, the two massive bodies... | Physical sciences | Celestial mechanics | null |
18290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting%20diode | Light-emitting diode | A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for elect... | Technology | Components | null |
18298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar%20eclipse | Lunar eclipse | A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, when the Moon's orbital plane is closest to the plane of the Earth's orbit.
T... | Physical sciences | Celestial mechanics | null |
18308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanide | Lanthanide | The lanthanide () or lanthanoid () series of chemical elements comprises at least the 14 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57–70, from lanthanum through ytterbium. In the periodic table, they fill the 4f orbitals. Lutetium (element 71) is also sometimes considered a lanthanide, despite being a d-block elem... | Physical sciences | Chemical element groups | null |
18320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens | Lens | A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass ... | Technology | Optical | null |
18339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20multiple%20proportions | Law of multiple proportions | In chemistry, the law of multiple proportions states that in compounds which contain two particular chemical elements, the amount of Element A per measure of Element B will differ across these compounds by ratios of small whole numbers. For instance, the ratio of the hydrogen content in methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) ... | Physical sciences | Reaction | Chemistry |
18365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminance | Luminance | Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is emitted from, or is reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle.
The procedure for conversion from spectral radiance t... | Physical sciences | Optics | Physics |
18369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar%20calendar | Lunar calendar | A lunar calendar is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases (synodic months, lunations), in contrast to solar calendars, whose annual cycles are based on the solar year. The most widely observed purely lunar calendar is the Islamic calendar. A purely lunar calendar is distinguished from a lunisolar ... | Technology | Calendars | null |
18382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar%20calendar | Lunisolar calendar | A lunisolar calendar is a calendar in many cultures, incorporating lunar calendars and solar calendars. The date of lunisolar calendars therefore indicates both the Moon phase and the time of the solar year, that is the position of the Sun in the Earth's sky. If the sidereal year (such as in a sidereal solar calendar) ... | Technology | Calendars | null |
18393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life | Life | Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from matter that does not. It is defined descriptively by the capacity for homeostasis, organisation, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, and reproduction. All life over time even... | Biology and health sciences | null | null |
18401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar%20flow | Laminar flow | Laminar flow () is the property of fluid particles in fluid dynamics to follow smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another smoothly. There are no c... | Physical sciences | Fluid mechanics | Physics |
18404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz%20transformation | Lorentz transformation | In physics, the Lorentz transformations are a six-parameter family of linear transformations from a coordinate frame in spacetime to another frame that moves at a constant velocity relative to the former. The respective inverse transformation is then parameterized by the negative of this velocity. The transformations a... | Physical sciences | Theory of relativity | null |
18406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminiferous%20aether | Luminiferous aether | Luminiferous aether or ether (luminiferous meaning 'light-bearing') was the postulated medium for the propagation of light. It was invoked to explain the ability of the apparently wave-based light to propagate through empty space (a vacuum), something that waves should not be able to do. The assumption of a spatial ple... | Physical sciences | Theory of relativity | Physics |
18420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis%20%28linear%20algebra%29 | Basis (linear algebra) | In mathematics, a set of vectors in a vector space is called a basis (: bases) if every element of may be written in a unique way as a finite linear combination of elements of . The coefficients of this linear combination are referred to as components or coordinates of the vector with respect to . The elements of a ... | Mathematics | Linear algebra | null |
18422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20algebra | Linear algebra | Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as:
linear maps such as:
and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.
Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, includ... | Mathematics | Algebra | null |
18450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung%20cancer | Lung cancer | Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells gain the ability to multiply unchecked, causing the growth of a tumo... | Biology and health sciences | Cancer | null |
18472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap%20second | Leap second | A leap second is a one-second adjustment that is occasionally applied to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), to accommodate the difference between precise time (International Atomic Time (TAI), as measured by atomic clocks) and imprecise observed solar time (UT1), which varies due to irregularities and long-term slowdown... | Technology | Timekeeping | null |
18531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27H%C3%B4pital%27s%20rule | L'Hôpital's rule | L'Hôpital's rule (, ) or L'Hospital's rule, also known as Bernoulli's rule, is a mathematical theorem that allows evaluating limits of indeterminate forms using derivatives. Application (or repeated application) of the rule often converts an indeterminate form to an expression that can be easily evaluated by substitut... | Mathematics | Differential calculus | null |
18539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia | Leukemia | Leukemia (also spelled leukaemia; pronounced ) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and produce high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising, bone pain, fatigue, fever, an... | Biology and health sciences | Cancer | null |
18542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length | Length | Length is a measure of distance. In the International System of Quantities, length is a quantity with dimension distance. In most systems of measurement a base unit for length is chosen, from which all other units are derived. In the International System of Units (SI) system the base unit for length is the metre.
Len... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
18567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%20symbol | Legendre symbol | In number theory, the Legendre symbol is a multiplicative function with values 1, −1, 0 that is a quadratic character modulo of an odd prime number p: its value at a (nonzero) quadratic residue mod p is 1 and at a non-quadratic residue (non-residue) is −1. Its value at zero is 0.
The Legendre symbol was introduced by ... | Mathematics | Modular arithmetic | null |
18589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand | Ligand | In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs, often through Lewis bases. The nature of metal–ligand bonding ... | Physical sciences | Bond structure | Chemistry |
18610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace%20transform | Laplace transform | In mathematics, the Laplace transform, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace (), is an integral transform that converts a function of a real variable (usually , in the time domain) to a function of a complex variable (in the complex-valued frequency domain, also known as s-domain, or s-plane).
The transform is useful for ... | Mathematics | Calculus and analysis | null |
18631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz%20force | Lorentz force | In physics, specifically in electromagnetism, the Lorentz force law is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields. The Lorentz force, on the other hand, is a physical effect that occurs in the vicinity of electrically neutral, current-carrying conductors causing movin... | Physical sciences | Electrodynamics | null |
18634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma%20%28mathematics%29 | Lemma (mathematics) | In mathematics and other fields, a lemma (: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however,... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
18643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose | Lactose | Lactose, or milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from (gen. ), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix -ose used to name sugars. The compound is a white, water-soluble, non-hygroscopic s... | Biology and health sciences | Biochemistry and molecular biology | null |
18739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika | Laika | Laika ( ; , ; – 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957. As the technology to re-enter the atmosphere had not yet ... | Biology and health sciences | Individual animals | Animals |
18831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics | Mathematics | Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many areas of mathematics, which include number theory (the study of numbers), algebra (the study of formulas and related struct... | Mathematics | null | null |
18837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median | Median | The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "av... | Mathematics | Statistics and probability | null |
18838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal | Mammal | A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which thei... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
18845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse | Mouse | A mouse (: mice) is a small rodent. Characteristically, mice are known to have a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail, and a high breeding rate. The best known mouse species is the common house mouse (Mus musculus). Mice are also popular as pets. In some places, certain kinds of field mice are lo... | Biology and health sciences | Rodents | null |
18857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustelidae | Mustelidae | The Mustelidae (; from Latin , weasel) are a diverse family of carnivoran mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, polecats, martens, grisons, and wolverines. Otherwise known as mustelids (), they form the largest family in the suborder Caniformia of the order Carnivora with about 66 to 70 species in nine subfamili... | Biology and health sciences | Carnivora | null |
18881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20induction | Mathematical induction | Mathematical induction is a method for proving that a statement is true for every natural number , that is, that the infinitely many cases all hold. This is done by first proving a simple case, then also showing that if we assume the claim is true for a given case, then the next case is also true. Informal metaphors... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
18890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Windows | Microsoft Windows | Windows is a product line of proprietary graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft. It is grouped into families and subfamilies that cater to particular sectors of the computing industry – Windows (unqualified) for a consumer or corporate workstation, Windows Server for a server and Windows IoT fo... | Technology | Operating systems | null |
18899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelevium | Mendelevium | Mendelevium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranium element in the actinide series, it is the first element by atomic number that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities by neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is th... | Physical sciences | Actinides | Chemistry |
18900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modus%20ponens | Modus ponens | In propositional logic, (; MP), also known as (), implication elimination, or affirming the antecedent, is a deductive argument form and rule of inference. It can be summarized as "P implies Q. P is true. Therefore, Q must also be true."
Modus ponens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism and is closely related to anothe... | Mathematics | Mathematical logic | null |
18901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modus%20tollens | Modus tollens | In propositional logic, modus tollens () (MT), also known as modus tollendo tollens (Latin for "mode that by denying denies") and denying the consequent, is a deductive argument form and a rule of inference. Modus tollens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism that takes the form of "If P, then Q. Not Q. Therefore, not P." ... | Mathematics | Mathematical logic | null |
18902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematician | Mathematician | A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change.
History
One of the earliest known mathematicians was Thales of Miletus (); he has been hai... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
18908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne%20prime | Mersenne prime | In mathematics, a Mersenne prime is a prime number that is one less than a power of two. That is, it is a prime number of the form for some integer . They are named after Marin Mersenne, a French Minim friar, who studied them in the early 17th century. If is a composite number then so is . Therefore, an equivalen... | Mathematics | Prime numbers | null |
18909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium | Magnesium | Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table) it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and almost always has an... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
18947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre | Metre | The metre (or meter in US spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI). Since 2019, the metre has been defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of of a second, where the second is defined by a hyperfine transition frequency of ca... | Physical sciences | Length and distance | null |
18955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentha | Mentha | Mentha, also known as mint (from Greek , Linear B mi-ta), is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is estimated that 13 to 24 species exist, but the exact distinction between species is unclear. Hybridization occurs naturally where some species' ranges overlap. Many hybrids and cultivars are kn... | Biology and health sciences | Lamiales | null |
18956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjoram | Marjoram | Marjoram (, Origanum majorana) is a cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavours. In some Middle Eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus Origanum. It is al... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
18957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine | Medicine | Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illn... | Biology and health sciences | Science and medicine | null |
18967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering%20plant | Flowering plant | Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term 'angiosperm' is derived from the Greek words ἀγγεῖον / ('container, vessel') and σπέρμα / ('seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit. The group was formerly called Magnoliophyta.
Angiosperms are b... | Biology and health sciences | Flowering plants | null |
18970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpighiales | Malpighiales | The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants. The order is very diverse, with well-known members including willows, violets, aspens and poplars, poinsettia, corpse flower, coca plant, cassava, flaxseed, castor bean, Saint John's wort, passionfruit, mangosteen, and manchineel tree.
The order ... | Biology and health sciences | Malpighiales | Plants |
18976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis | Meiosis | Meiosis (; , (since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, the sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells, each with only one copy of each chromosome (haploid). Additiona... | Biology and health sciences | Cellular division | null |
19011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene | Miocene | The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (, "less") and (, "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. ... | Physical sciences | Geological timescale | Earth science |
19022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement | Measurement | Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events.
In other words, measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a basic reference quantity of the same kind.
The scope and application of mea... | Physical sciences | Science: General | null |
19042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal | Metal | A metal () is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. These properties are all associated with having electrons available at the Fermi level, as against nonmetallic materials which do not. Metals are typically ductile (can be drawn int... | Physical sciences | Chemistry | null |
372787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sika%20deer | Sika deer | The sika deer (Cervus nippon), also known as the northern spotted deer or the Japanese deer, is a species of deer native to much of East Asia and introduced to other parts of the world. Previously found from northern Vietnam in the south to the Russian Far East in the north, it was hunted to the brink of extinction in ... | Biology and health sciences | Deer | Animals |
372895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyanion | Oxyanion | An oxyanion, or oxoanion, is an ion with the generic formula (where A represents a chemical element and O represents an oxygen atom). Oxyanions are formed by a large majority of the chemical elements. The formulae of simple oxyanions are determined by the octet rule. The corresponding oxyacid of an oxyanion is the co... | Physical sciences | Oxyanionic salts | Chemistry |
373065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial%20ring | Polynomial ring | In mathematics, especially in the field of algebra, a polynomial ring or polynomial algebra is a ring formed from the set of polynomials in one or more indeterminates (traditionally also called variables) with coefficients in another ring, often a field.
Often, the term "polynomial ring" refers implicitly to the speci... | Mathematics | Abstract algebra | null |
373352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic%20Center | Galactic Center | The Galactic Center is the barycenter of the Milky Way and a corresponding point on the rotational axis of the galaxy. Its central massive object is a supermassive black hole of about 4 million solar masses, which is called Sagittarius A*, a compact radio source which is almost exactly at the galactic rotational center... | Physical sciences | Notable galaxies | null |
373601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motte-and-bailey%20castle | Motte-and-bailey castle | A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castle... | Technology | Fortification | null |
373775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comb | Comb | A comb is a tool consisting of a shaft that holds a row of teeth for pulling through the hair to clean, untangle, or style it. Combs have been used since prehistoric times, having been discovered in very refined forms from settlements dating back to 5,000 years ago in Persia.
Weaving combs made of whalebone dating to... | Biology and health sciences | Hygiene products | Health |
374054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20rhinoceros | Black rhinoceros | The black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis), sometimes also called the hook-lipped rhinoceros, is a species of rhinoceros, native to eastern Africa and southern Africa, including Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Although the species is referred to... | Biology and health sciences | Perissodactyla | Animals |
374163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crevasse | Crevasse | A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet. Crevasses form as a result of the movement and resulting stress associated with the shear stress generated when two semi-rigid pieces above a plastic substrate have different rates of movement. The resulting intensity of the shear stress causes a breakage... | Physical sciences | Glaciology | Earth science |
374215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed%20cell%20death | Programmed cell death | Programmed cell death (PCD; sometimes referred to as cellular suicide) is the death of a cell as a result of events inside of a cell, such as apoptosis or autophagy. PCD is carried out in a biological process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's lifecycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers an... | Biology and health sciences | Cell processes | null |
374220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20trigonometric%20functions | Inverse trigonometric functions | In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric, cyclometric, or arcus functions) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions, under suitably restricted domains. Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant... | Mathematics | Specific functions | null |
374222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular%20matrix | Triangular matrix | In mathematics, a triangular matrix is a special kind of square matrix. A square matrix is called if all the entries above the main diagonal are zero. Similarly, a square matrix is called if all the entries below the main diagonal are zero.
Because matrix equations with triangular matrices are easier to solve, they... | Mathematics | Linear algebra | null |
374388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20hexafluoride | Uranium hexafluoride | Uranium hexafluoride, sometimes called hex, is an inorganic compound with the formula . Uranium hexafluoride is a volatile, toxic white solid that is used in the process of enriching uranium, which produces fuel for nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.
Preparation
Uranium dioxide is converted with hydrofluoric acid (... | Physical sciences | Halide salts | Chemistry |
374390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene | Anthropocene | The Anthropocene is a now rejected proposal for the name of a geological epoch that would follow the Holocene, dating from the commencement of significant human impact on Earth up to the present day. It was rejected in 2024 by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in terms of being a defined geologic period. The... | Physical sciences | Geological timescale | Earth science |
374407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finless%20porpoise | Finless porpoise | Neophocaena is a genus of porpoise native to the Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as the freshwater habitats of the Yangtze River basin in China. They are commonly known as finless porpoises. Genetic studies indicate that Neophocaena is the most basal living member of the porpoise family.
There are three species in ... | Biology and health sciences | Toothed whale | Animals |
374662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupressaceae | Cupressaceae | Cupressaceae or the cypress family is a family of conifers. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or (rarely) dioecious trees and shrubs up to tall. The bark of mature trees is commonly orange- to... | Biology and health sciences | Cupressaceae | Plants |
374673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain%20pass | Mountain pass | A mountain pass is a navigable route through a mountain range or over a ridge. Since mountain ranges can present formidable barriers to travel, passes have played a key role in trade, war, and both human and animal migration throughout history. At lower elevations it may be called a hill pass. A mountain pass is typica... | Physical sciences | Montane landforms | Earth science |
374977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc%20tumbler%20lock | Disc tumbler lock | A disc tumbler or disc detainer lock is a lock composed of slotted rotating detainer discs. The lock was invented by Finnish founder of Abloy, Emil Henriksson (1886–1959) in 1907 and first manufactured under the Abloy brand in 1918.
Design
Disc tumbler locks are composed of slotted rotating detainer discs. A specially... | Technology | Mechanisms | null |
375096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retriever | Retriever | A retriever is a type of gun dog that retrieves game for a hunter. Generally gun dogs are divided into three major classifications: retrievers, flushing spaniels, and pointing breeds. Retrievers were bred primarily to retrieve birds or other prey and return them to the hunter without damage; retrievers are distinguishe... | Biology and health sciences | Dogs | Animals |
375130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosterone | Aldosterone | Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands, and colon. It plays a central role in the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure, plasma sodium ... | Biology and health sciences | Animal hormones | Biology |
375136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde | Glyceraldehyde | Glyceraldehyde (glyceral) is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C3H6O3. It is the simplest of all common aldoses. It is a sweet, colorless, crystalline solid that is an intermediate compound in carbohydrate metabolism. The word comes from combining glycerol and aldehyde, as glyceraldehyde is glycerol with on... | Biology and health sciences | Carbohydrates | Biology |
375247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpentine%20subgroup | Serpentine subgroup | Serpentine subgroup (part of the kaolinite-serpentine group in the category of phyllosilicates) are greenish, brownish, or spotted minerals commonly found in serpentinite. They are used as a source of magnesium and asbestos, and as decorative stone. The name comes from the greenish color and smooth or scaly appearance ... | Physical sciences | Silicate minerals | Earth science |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.