id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
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424589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype | Skype | Skype () is a proprietary telecommunications application operated by Skype Technologies, a division of Microsoft, best known for IP-based videotelephony, videoconferencing and voice calls. It also has instant messaging, file transfer, debit-based calls to landline and mobile telephones (over traditional telephone netwo... | Technology | Social network and blogging | null |
424725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirsium | Cirsium | Cirsium is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles. They are more precisely known as plume thistles. These differ from other thistle genera (Carduus, Silybum and Onopordum) in having a seed with a pappus of feathered hairs on their achenes. ... | Biology and health sciences | Asterales | null |
424921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasket | Gasket | A gasket is a mechanical seal which fills the space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects while under compression. It is a deformable material that is used to create a static seal and maintain that seal under various operating conditions in a mechanical assemb... | Technology | Hydraulics and pneumatics | null |
424964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20clock | Water clock | A water clock or clepsydra (; ; ) is a timepiece by which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel, and where the amount of liquid can then be measured.
Water clocks are one of the oldest time-measuring instruments. The simplest form of water clock, with ... | Technology | Clocks | null |
424987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushel | Bushel | A bushel (abbreviation: bsh. or bu.) is an imperial and US customary unit of volume based upon an earlier measure of dry capacity. The old bushel is equal to 2 kennings (obsolete), 4 pecks, or 8 dry gallons, and was used mostly for agricultural products, such as wheat. In modern usage, the volume is nominal, with bushe... | Physical sciences | Mass and weight | Basics and measurement |
425050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agelenidae | Agelenidae | The Agelenidae are a large family of spiders in the suborder Araneomorphae. Well-known examples include the common "grass spiders" of the genus Agelenopsis. Nearly all Agelenidae are harmless to humans, but the bite of the hobo spider (Eratigena agrestis) may be medically significant, and some evidence suggests it migh... | Biology and health sciences | Spiders | Animals |
425289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochre | Ochre | Ochre ( ; , ), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the colours produced by this pigment, especially a light brownish-yellow. A variant of... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
425290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram-force | Kilogram-force | The kilogram-force (kgf or kgF), or kilopond (kp, from ), is a non-standard gravitational metric unit of force. It is not accepted for use with the International System of Units (SI) and is deprecated for most uses. The kilogram-force is equal to the magnitude of the force exerted on one kilogram of mass in a gravitat... | Physical sciences | Force | Basics and measurement |
425310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic%20modulus | Elastic modulus | An elastic modulus (also known as modulus of elasticity (MOE)) is the unit of measurement of an object's or substance's resistance to being deformed elastically (i.e., non-permanently) when a stress is applied to it.
Definition
The elastic modulus of an object is defined as the slope of its stress–strain curve in the... | Physical sciences | Solid mechanics | null |
425363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20of%20Los%20Angeles | Port of Los Angeles | The Port of Los Angeles is a seaport managed by the Los Angeles Harbor Department, a unit of the City of Los Angeles. It occupies of land and water with of waterfront and adjoins the separate Port of Long Beach. Promoted as "America's Port", the port is located in San Pedro Bay in the San Pedro and Wilmington neighbo... | Technology | Specific piers and ports | null |
425753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20Ordovician%20mass%20extinction | Late Ordovician mass extinction | The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME), sometimes known as the end-Ordovician mass extinction or the Ordovician-Silurian extinction, is the first of the "big five" major mass extinction events in Earth's history, occurring roughly 445 million years ago (Ma). It is often considered to be the second-largest known ext... | Physical sciences | Geological history | null |
425779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression%20%28physics%29 | Compression (physics) | In mechanics, compression is the application of balanced inward ("pushing") forces to different points on a material or structure, that is, forces with no net sum or torque directed so as to reduce its size in one or more directions. It is contrasted with tension or traction, the application of balanced outward ("pulli... | Physical sciences | Solid mechanics | Physics |
425850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20system | Thermodynamic system | A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation separate from its surroundings that can be studied using the laws of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamic systems can be passive and active according to internal processes. According to internal processes, passive systems and active systems are distinguished: passiv... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
425881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis | Brucellosis | Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions. It is also known as undulant fever, Malta fever, and Mediterranean fever.
The bacteria causing this disease, Brucella, are small, Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped (co... | Biology and health sciences | Bacterial infections | Health |
425971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pademelon | Pademelon | Pademelons are small marsupials in the genus Thylogale, found in Australia and Aru, Kai plus New Guinea islands. They are some of the smallest members of the macropod family, which includes the similar-looking but larger kangaroos and wallabies. Pademelons are distinguished by their small size and their short, thick, a... | Biology and health sciences | Diprotodontia | Animals |
426143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration%20of%20Mars | Exploration of Mars | The planet Mars has been explored remotely by spacecraft. Probes sent from Earth, beginning in the late 20th century, have yielded a large increase in knowledge about the Martian system, focused primarily on understanding its geology and habitability potential. Engineering interplanetary journeys is complicated and the... | Technology | Basics_10 | null |
426219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20electromagnetism | Classical electromagnetism | Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of physics focused on the study of interactions between electric charges and currents using an extension of the classical Newtonian model. It is, therefore, a classical field theory. The theory provides a description of electromagnetic phenomena whenev... | Physical sciences | Basics_3 | Physics |
426318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary%20dove | Barbary dove | The Barbary dove, ringed turtle dove, ringneck dove, ring-necked turtle dove, or ring dove (Streptopelia risoria) is a domestic member of the dove and pigeon family (Columbidae).
Taxonomy and domestication
Although the Barbary dove is normally assigned its own systematic name, as Streptopelia risoria, considerable do... | Biology and health sciences | Columbimorphae | Animals |
426426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain%20shadow | Rain shadow | A rain shadow is an area of significantly reduced rainfall behind a mountainous region, on the side facing away from prevailing winds, known as its leeward side.
Evaporated moisture from water bodies (such as oceans and large lakes) is carried by the prevailing onshore breezes towards the drier and hotter inland areas... | Physical sciences | Precipitation | Earth science |
426456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20core | Ice core | An ice core is a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet or a high mountain glacier. Since the ice forms from the incremental buildup of annual layers of snow, lower layers are older than upper ones, and an ice core contains ice formed over a range of years. Cores are drilled with hand augers (for sha... | Physical sciences | Geology: General | Earth science |
4558584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precast%20concrete | Precast concrete | Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and maneuvered into place; examples include precast beams, and wall panels, floors, roofs, and piles. In contrast, cast-in-place conc... | Technology | Building materials | null |
4561599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunting%20knife | Hunting knife | A hunting knife is a knife used during hunting for preparing the game to be used as food: skinning the animal and cutting up the meat. It is different from the hunting dagger which was traditionally used to kill wild game.
Some hunting knives are adapted for other uses in the wild, such as a camp knife, which hunters... | Technology | Knives | null |
4562815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied%20mechanics | Applied mechanics | Applied mechanics is the branch of science concerned with the motion of any substance that can be experienced or perceived by humans without the help of instruments. In short, when mechanics concepts surpass being theoretical and are applied and executed, general mechanics becomes applied mechanics. It is this stark di... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
4562902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian%20per%20second | Radian per second | The radian per second (symbol: rad⋅s−1 or rad/s) is the unit of angular velocity in the International System of Units (SI). The radian per second is also the SI unit of angular frequency (symbol ω, omega). The radian per second is defined as the angular frequency that results in the angular displacement increasing by o... | Physical sciences | Angular velocity | Basics and measurement |
6003864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markarian%20421 | Markarian 421 | Markarian 421 (Mrk 421, Mkn 421) is a blazar located in the constellation Ursa Major. The object is an active galaxy and a BL Lacertae object, and is a strong source of gamma rays. It is about 397 million light-years (redshift: z=0.0308 eq. 122Mpc) to 434 million light-years (133Mpc) from the Earth. It is one of the cl... | Physical sciences | Notable galaxies | Astronomy |
18254249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load%20factor%20%28electrical%29 | Load factor (electrical) | In electrical engineering the load factor is defined as the average load divided by the peak load in a specified time period. It is a measure of the utilization rate, or efficiency of electrical energy usage; a high load factor indicates that load is using the electric system more efficiently, whereas consumers or gene... | Technology | Concepts | null |
14202412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locker | Locker | A locker is a small, usually narrow storage compartment. They are commonly found in dedicated cabinets, very often in large numbers, in various public places such as locker rooms, workplaces, schools, transport hubs and the like. They vary in size, purpose, construction, and security.
General description and charact... | Technology | Mechanisms | null |
14206697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar%20II%20disorder | Bipolar II disorder | Bipolar II disorder (BP-II) is a mood disorder on the bipolar spectrum, characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression. Diagnosis for BP-II requires that the individual must never have experienced a full manic episode. Otherwise, one manic episode meets the criteria for ... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
19265670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal%20force | Centrifugal force | Centrifugal force is a fictitious force in Newtonian mechanics (also called an "inertial" or "pseudo" force) that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating frame of reference. It appears to be directed radially away from the axis of rotation of the frame. The magnitude of the centrifugal force F on an obj... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | Physics |
1777481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clapboard | Clapboard | Clapboard (), also called bevel siding, lap siding, and weatherboard, with regional variation in the definition of those terms, is wooden siding of a building in the form of horizontal boards, often overlapping.
Clapboard, in modern American usage, is a word for long, thin boards used to cover walls and (formerly) roo... | Technology | Building materials | null |
1778796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance%20dependence | Substance dependence | Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that result... | Biology and health sciences | Drugs and pharmacology | null |
1779163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonene | Limonene | Limonene () is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the essential oil of citrus fruit peels. The (+)-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing. It is also used in chemical synthe... | Physical sciences | Terpenes and terpenoids | Chemistry |
1780815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius | Radius | In classical geometry, a radius (: radii or radiuses) of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also their length. The radius of a regular polygon is the line segment or distance from its center to any of its vertices. The name comes from the Lat... | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
1780823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC%20power | AC power | In an electric circuit, instantaneous power is the time rate of flow of energy past a given point of the circuit. In alternating current circuits, energy storage elements such as inductors and capacitors may result in periodic reversals of the direction of energy flow. Its SI unit is the watt.
The portion of instantan... | Physical sciences | Electrodynamics | Physics |
1781219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic%20province | Geologic province | A geologic province is a spatial entity with common geologic attributes. A province may include a single dominant structural element such as a basin or a fold belt, or a number of contiguous related elements. Adjoining provinces may be similar in structure but be considered separate due to differing histories.
Geolog... | Physical sciences | Tectonics | Earth science |
1781797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetness | Sweetness | Sweetness is a basic taste most commonly perceived when eating foods rich in sugars. Sweet tastes are generally regarded as pleasurable. In addition to sugars like sucrose, many other chemical compounds are sweet, including aldehydes, ketones, and sugar alcohols. Some are sweet at very low concentrations, allowing thei... | Biology and health sciences | Sensory nervous system | Biology |
11614796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic%20bottle | Plastic bottle | A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from high-density or low density plastic. Plastic bottles are typically used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo or milk. They range in sizes, from very small bottles to large carboys. Consumer blow molded containers often have ... | Technology | Containers | null |
11619887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20mackerel | Spanish mackerel | Scomberomorini is a tribe of ray-finned saltwater bony fishes that is commonly known as the Spanish mackerels, seerfishes or seer fish. This tribe is a subset of the mackerel family (Scombridae) – a family that it shares with four sister tribes, the tunas, mackerels, bonitos, and the butterfly kingfish. Scomberomorini ... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
1171044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-energy%20nuclear%20physics | High-energy nuclear physics | High-energy nuclear physics studies the behavior of nuclear matter in energy regimes typical of high-energy physics. The primary focus of this field is the study of heavy-ion collisions, as compared to lighter atoms in other particle accelerators. At sufficient collision energies, these types of collisions are theoriz... | Physical sciences | Nuclear physics | Physics |
1171466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takin | Takin | The takin (Budorcas taxicolor; ), also called cattle chamois or gnu goat, is a large species of ungulate of the subfamily Caprinae found in the eastern Himalayas. It includes four subspecies: the Mishmi takin (B. t. taxicolor), the golden takin (B. t. bedfordi), the Tibetan (or Sichuan) takin (B. t. tibetana), and the... | Biology and health sciences | Bovidae | Animals |
1172577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschel%20Space%20Observatory | Herschel Space Observatory | The Herschel Space Observatory was a space observatory built and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was active from 2009 to 2013, and was the largest infrared telescope ever launched until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope in 2021. Herschel carries a mirror and instruments sensitive to the far ... | Technology | Space-based observatories | null |
1172932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20azide | Sodium azide | Sodium azide is an inorganic compound with the formula . This colorless salt is the gas-forming component in some car airbag systems. It is used for the preparation of other azide compounds. It is an ionic substance, is highly soluble in water, and is acutely poisonous.
Structure
Sodium azide is an ionic solid. Two cr... | Physical sciences | Nitride salts | Chemistry |
1174047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20magnetism | Rock magnetism | Rock magnetism is the study of the magnetic properties of rocks, sediments and soils. The field arose out of the need in paleomagnetism to understand how rocks record the Earth's magnetic field. This remanence is carried by minerals, particularly certain strongly magnetic minerals like magnetite (the main source of mag... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Physics |
1174701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20caiman | Black caiman | The black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) is a crocodilian reptile endemic to South America. With a maximum length of around and a mass of over , it is the largest living species of the family Alligatoridae, and the third-largest crocodilian in the Neotropical realm. True to its common and scientific names, the black caim... | Biology and health sciences | Crocodilia | Animals |
1175257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich%20U-Bahn | Munich U-Bahn | The Munich U-Bahn () is an electric rail rapid transit network in Munich, Germany. The system began operation in 1972, and is operated by the municipally owned Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG; Munich Transport Company). The network is integrated into the Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund (MVV; Munich Transport and... | Technology | Germany | null |
3377107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliciculture | Heliciculture | Heliciculture, commonly known as snail farming, is the process of raising edible land snails, primarily for human consumption or cosmetic use. The meat and snail eggs a.k.a. white caviar can be consumed as escargot and as a type of caviar, respectively.
Perhaps the best-known edible land snail species in the Western w... | Technology | Agriculture_2 | null |
3378256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batch%20reactor | Batch reactor | A batch reactor is a chemical reactor in which a non-continuous reaction is conducted, i.e., one where the reactants, products and solvent do not flow in or out of the vessel during the reaction until the target reaction conversion is achieved. By extension, the expression is somehow inappropriately used for other batc... | Physical sciences | Chemical engineering | Chemistry |
3380651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessional%20velocity | Recessional velocity | Recessional velocity is the rate at which an extragalactic astronomical object recedes (becomes more distant) from an observer as a result of the expansion of the universe. It can be measured by observing the wavelength shifts of spectral lines emitted by the object, known as the object's cosmological redshift.
Applic... | Physical sciences | Basics | Astronomy |
97792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peck | Peck | A peck is an imperial and United States customary unit of dry volume, equivalent to 2 dry gallons or 8 dry quarts or 16 dry pints. An imperial peck is equivalent to 9.09 liters and a US customary peck is equivalent to 8.81 liters. Two pecks make a kenning (obsolete), and four pecks make a bushel. Although the peck is n... | Physical sciences | Mass and weight | Basics and measurement |
97830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20technology | Nuclear technology | Nuclear technology is technology that involves the nuclear reactions of atomic nuclei. Among the notable nuclear technologies are nuclear reactors, nuclear medicine and nuclear weapons. It is also used, among other things, in smoke detectors and gun sights.
History and scientific background
Discovery
The vast major... | Technology | Basics_5 | null |
98132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20wave | Radio wave | Radio waves (formerly called Hertzian waves) are a type of electromagnetic radiation with the lowest frequencies and the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically with frequencies below 300 gigahertz (GHz) and wavelengths greater than , about the diameter of a grain of rice. Radio waves with frequ... | Physical sciences | Electrodynamics | null |
98275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphotic%20zone | Aphotic zone | The aphotic zone (aphotic from Greek prefix + "without light") is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1 percent of sunlight penetrates. Above the aphotic zone is the photic zone, which consists of the euphotic zone and the di... | Physical sciences | Oceanography | Earth science |
98370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20Bridge | London Bridge | The name "London Bridge" refers to several historic crossings that have spanned the River Thames between the City of London and Southwark in central London since Roman times. The current crossing, which opened to traffic in 1973, is a box girder bridge built from concrete and steel. It replaced a 19th-century stone-arc... | Technology | Bridges | null |
98534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxia | Asphyxia | Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body which arises from abnormal breathing. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects all the tissues and organs, some more rapidly than others. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by ... | Biology and health sciences | Types | Health |
98585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasmine | Jasmine | Jasmine (botanical name: Jasminum; ) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family of Oleaceae. It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania. Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers.
The village of Shubra Be... | Biology and health sciences | Lamiales | Plants |
98663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital%20elements | Orbital elements | Orbital elements are the parameters required to uniquely identify a specific orbit. In celestial mechanics these elements are considered in two-body systems using a Kepler orbit. There are many different ways to mathematically describe the same orbit, but certain schemes, each consisting of a set of six parameters, are... | Physical sciences | Celestial mechanics | Astronomy |
99156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna%209 | Luna 9 | Luna 9 (Луна-9), internal designation Ye-6 No.13, was an uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme. On 3 February 1966, the Luna 9 spacecraft became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon and return imagery from its surface.
Spacecraft
The spacecraft carrying on top the lander cap... | Technology | Unmanned spacecraft | null |
99211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20calendar | Solar calendar | A solar calendar is a calendar whose dates indicate the season or almost equivalently the apparent position of the Sunday relative to the stars. The Gregorian calendar, widely accepted as a standard in the world, is an example of a solar calendar.
The main other types of calendar are lunar calendar and lunisolar calend... | Technology | Calendars | null |
99293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape%20of%20the%20universe | Shape of the universe | In physical cosmology, the shape of the universe refers to both its local and global geometry. Local geometry is defined primarily by its curvature, while the global geometry is characterised by its topology (which itself is constrained by curvature). General relativity explains how spatial curvature (local geometry) i... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | Astronomy |
99358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography | Biogeography | Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that s... | Biology and health sciences | Ecology | Biology |
99384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larch | Larch | Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae (subfamily Laricoideae). Growing from tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the northern hemisphere, where they are found in lowland forests in the high latitudes, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plan... | Biology and health sciences | Pinaceae | Plants |
99404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat | Peat | Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs. Sphagnum moss, also called peat moss, is one of the most common components in peat, although many other plants can contribute. The biological features of sphagnum mo... | Physical sciences | Pedology | null |
99421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppicing | Coppicing | Coppicing is the traditional method in woodland management of cutting down a tree to a stump, which in many species encourages new shoots to grow from the stump or roots, thus ultimately regrowing the tree. A forest or grove that has been subject to coppicing is called a copse or coppice, in which young tree stems ar... | Technology | Trees and forestry | null |
99426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene | Naphthalene | Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings... | Physical sciences | Aromatic hydrocarbons | Chemistry |
99438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20Euclidean%20algorithm | Extended Euclidean algorithm | In arithmetic and computer programming, the extended Euclidean algorithm is an extension to the Euclidean algorithm, and computes, in addition to the greatest common divisor (gcd) of integers a and b, also the coefficients of Bézout's identity, which are integers x and y such that
This is a certifying algorithm, bec... | Mathematics | Diophantine equations | null |
99491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation | Exponentiation | In mathematics, exponentiation, denoted , is an operation involving two numbers: the base, , and the exponent or power, . When is a positive integer, exponentiation corresponds to repeated multiplication of the base: that is, is the product of multiplying bases:
In particular, .
The exponent is usually shown as a s... | Mathematics | Arithmetic | null |
99597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecum | Cecum | The cecum or caecum is a pouch within the peritoneum that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix, to which it is joined). The word cecum (, plural ceca ) stems from the Latin caecus meaning blind.
It rec... | Biology and health sciences | Gastrointestinal tract | Biology |
99599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileum | Ileum | The ileum () is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum. Its main function is to absorb vitamin B12, bile... | Biology and health sciences | Gastrointestinal tract | Biology |
99601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollarding | Pollarding | Pollarding is a pruning system involving the removal of the upper branches of a tree, which promotes the growth of a dense head of foliage and branches. In ancient Rome, Propertius mentioned pollarding during the 1st century BCE. The practice has occurred commonly in Europe since medieval times, and takes place today i... | Technology | Horticulture | null |
99603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrought%20iron | Wrought iron | Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.05%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4.5%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grain" that is visible when it is etched, rusted, or bent to failure. Wrought iron... | Physical sciences | Specific alloys | null |
99608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunum | Jejunum | The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine in humans and most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. Its lining is specialized for the absorption by enterocytes of small nutrient molecules which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum.
The jejunum lies between the duod... | Biology and health sciences | Gastrointestinal tract | Biology |
99610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20intestine | Small intestine | The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place. It lies between the stomach and large intestine, and receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct to aid in digestion. The small intestine is about long and f... | Biology and health sciences | Digestive system | null |
99611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appendix%20%28anatomy%29 | Appendix (anatomy) | The appendix (: appendices or appendixes; also vermiform appendix; cecal (or caecal, cæcal) appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a finger-like, blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops in the embryo.
The cecum is a pouch-like structure of the large intestine, located at the junction of t... | Biology and health sciences | Gastrointestinal tract | Biology |
99645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20modern%20human | Early modern human | Early modern human (EMH), or anatomically modern human (AMH), are terms used to distinguish Homo sapiens (sometimes Homo sapiens sapiens) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans, from extinct archaic human species (of which some are at times also identified with, but on... | Biology and health sciences | Homo | Biology |
99692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaur | Gaur | The gaur (Bos gaurus; ) is a large bovine native to the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986. The global population was estimated at a maximum of 21,000 mature individuals in 2016, with the majority of those existing in India.
It is the largest specie... | Biology and health sciences | Artiodactyla | null |
99794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueprint | Blueprint | A blueprint is a reproduction of a technical drawing or engineering drawing using a contact print process on light-sensitive sheets introduced by Sir John Herschel in 1842. The process allowed rapid and accurate production of an unlimited number of copies. It was widely used for over a century for the reproduction of s... | Technology | Printing | null |
99820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20group | Carbon group | |-
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The carbon group is a periodic table group consisting of carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl). It lies within the p-block.
In modern... | Physical sciences | Group 14 | Chemistry |
99960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe | Canoe | A canoe is a lightweight, narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles.
In British English, the term canoe can also refer to a kayak, whereas canoes are then called Canadian or open canoes to d... | Technology | Maritime transport | null |
100005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grebe | Grebe | Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order Podicipediformes (). Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in marine habitats during migration and winter. Most grebes fly, although some flightless species exist, most notably in stable lakes. The order contains a single family, the... | Biology and health sciences | Basics | Animals |
100034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20engineering | Military engineering | Military engineering is loosely defined as the art, science, and practice of designing and building military works and maintaining lines of military transport and military communications. Military engineers are also responsible for logistics behind military tactics. Modern military engineering differs from civil engine... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
100245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20service%20provider | Internet service provider | An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides myriad services related to accessing, using, managing, or participating in the Internet. ISPs can be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
Internet services typically provided by ISP... | Technology | Internet | null |
4565309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby%20laser | Ruby laser | A ruby laser is a solid-state laser that uses a synthetic ruby crystal as its gain medium. The first working laser was a ruby laser made by Theodore H. "Ted" Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories on May 16, 1960.
Ruby lasers produce pulses of coherent visible light at a wavelength of 694.3 nm, which is a deep red col... | Technology | Lasers | null |
2460242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20optics | Physical optics | In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. This usage tends not to include effects such as quantum noise in optical communication, which is studied in the... | Physical sciences | Optics | Physics |
2461623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassaricyon | Bassaricyon | The genus Bassaricyon consists of small Neotropical procyonids, popularly known as olingos (), cousins of the raccoon. They are native to the rainforests of Central and South America from Nicaragua to Peru. They are arboreal and nocturnal, and live at elevations from sea level to . Olingos closely resemble another proc... | Biology and health sciences | Procyonidae | Animals |
2462757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formosan%20subterranean%20termite | Formosan subterranean termite | The Formosan termite (Coptotermes formosanus) is a species of termite local to southern China and introduced to Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa, where it gets its name), Japan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Hawaii, and the continental United States.
The Formosan termite is often nicknamed the super-termite because of its... | Biology and health sciences | Cockroaches & Termites (Blattodea) | Animals |
2465250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20energy%20storage | Thermal energy storage | Thermal energy storage (TES) is the storage of thermal energy for later reuse. Employing widely different technologies, it allows surplus thermal energy to be stored for hours, days, or months. Scale both of storage and use vary from small to large – from individual processes to district, town, or region. Usage examp... | Technology | Energy storage | null |
14221581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosoya%20index | Hosoya index | The Hosoya index, also known as the Z index, of a graph is the total number of matchings in it. The Hosoya index is always at least one, because the empty set of edges is counted as a matching for this purpose. Equivalently, the Hosoya index is the number of non-empty matchings plus one. The index is named after Haruo ... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
6007618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20eared%20pheasant | Blue eared pheasant | The blue eared pheasant (Crossoptilon auritum) is a large pheasant endemic to China. Although it is considered rare, the blue eared pheasant is evaluated as of least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Description
The blue eared pheasant has dark blue-gray plumage with velvet black crown, red facial f... | Biology and health sciences | Galliformes | Animals |
12539015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20flying%20fox | Indian flying fox | The Indian flying fox (Pteropus medius), also known as the greater Indian fruit bat, is a species of flying fox native to the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the largest bats in the world. It is of interest as a disease vector, as it is capable of transmitting several viruses to humans. It is nocturnal and feeds main... | Biology and health sciences | Bats | Animals |
12540866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthog | Warthog | Phacochoerus is a genus in the family Suidae, commonly known as warthogs (pronounced wart-hog). They are pigs who live in open and semi-open habitats, even in quite arid regions, in sub-Saharan Africa. The two species were formerly considered conspecific under the scientific name Phacochoerus aethiopicus, but today thi... | Biology and health sciences | Pigs_2 | Animals |
7901434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoidea | Majoidea | The Majoidea are a superfamily of crabs which includes the various spider crabs.
Taxonomy
In "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" De Grave and colleagues divided Majoidea into six families:
Family Epialtidae
Subfamily Epialtinae
Subfamily Pisinae
Subfamily Pliosomatinae
Subfamily... | Biology and health sciences | Crabs and hermit crabs | Animals |
7901784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky%20Way%20collision | Andromeda–Milky Way collision | The Andromeda–Milky Way collision is a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 4.5 billion years between the two largest galaxies in the Local Group—the Milky Way (which contains the Solar System and Earth) and the Andromeda Galaxy. The stars involved are sufficiently far apart that it is improbable that any of ... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Astronomy |
722870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20unit | X unit | For the software testing tools, see xUnit.
The x unit (symbol xu) is a unit of length approximately equal to 0.1 pm (10−13 m). It is used to quote the wavelength of X-rays and gamma rays.
Originally defined by the Swedish physicist Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978) in 1925, the x unit could not at that time be measured dire... | Physical sciences | Other | Basics and measurement |
723059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%20space%20program | Soviet space program | The Soviet space program () was the state space program of the Soviet Union, active from 1951 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Contrary to its American, European, and Chinese competitors, which had their programs run under single coordinating agencies, the Soviet space program was divided between seve... | Technology | Programs and launch sites | null |
723067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivore | Detritivore | Detritivores (also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces). There are many kinds of invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants that carry out coprophagy. By doing so, all these... | Biology and health sciences | Ecology | Biology |
723434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abies%20alba | Abies alba | Abies alba, the European silver fir or silver fir, is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, and south to Italy, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Albania and northern Greece.
Descripti... | Biology and health sciences | Pinaceae | Plants |
723992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redback%20spider | Redback spider | The redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti), also known as the Australian black widow, is a species of highly venomous spider believed to originate in Australia but now, Southeast Asia and New Zealand, it has also been found in packing crates in the United States with colonies elsewhere outside Australia. It is a membe... | Biology and health sciences | Spiders | Animals |
724161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopoda | Isopoda | Isopoda is an order of crustaceans. Members of this group are called isopods and include both aquatic species and terrestrial species such as woodlice. All have rigid, segmented exoskeletons, two pairs of antennae, seven pairs of jointed limbs on the thorax, and five pairs of branching appendages on the abdomen that ar... | Biology and health sciences | Malacostraca | Animals |
724730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazepam | Clonazepam | Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and akathisia. It is a long-acting tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class. It poss... | Biology and health sciences | Psychiatric drugs | Health |
725041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diverticulitis | Diverticulitis | Diverticulitis, also called colonic diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches—diverticula—that can develop in the wall of the large intestine. Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain of sudden onset, but the onset may also occur over a few days. There may al... | Biology and health sciences | Specific diseases | Health |
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