Instruction
stringlengths
45
106
input_code
stringlengths
1
13.7k
output_code
stringlengths
1
13.7k
Can you help me rewrite this code in PHP instead of Ada, keeping it the same logically?
procedure Array_Collection is A : array (-3 .. -1) of Integer := (1, 2, 3); begin A (-3) := 3; A (-2) := 2; A (-1) := 1; end Array_Collection;
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Rewrite this program in PHP while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Arturo version.
arr: ["one" 2 "three" "four"] arr: arr ++ 5 print arr
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Port the provided AutoHotKey code into PHP while preserving the original functionality.
myCol := Object() mycol.mykey := "my value!" mycol["mykey"] := "new val!" MsgBox % mycol.mykey 
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Write the same algorithm in PHP as shown in this AWK implementation.
a[0]="hello"
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in PHP.
DIM text$(1) text$(0) = "Hello " text$(1) = "world!"
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Translate this program into PHP but keep the logic exactly as in Clojure.
{1 "a", "Q" 10} (hash-map 1 "a" "Q" 10) (let [my-map {1 "a"}] (assoc my-map "Q" 10))
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Translate this program into PHP but keep the logic exactly as in Common_Lisp.
CL-USER> (let ((list '()) (hash-table (make-hash-table))) (push 1 list) (push 2 list) (push 3 list) (format t "~S~%" (reverse list)) (setf (gethash 'foo hash-table) 42) (setf (gethash 'bar hash-table) 69) (maphash (lambda (key value) (format t "~S => ~S~%" key value)) hash-table) (write hash-table :readably t) (describe hash-table) (describe list)) (1 2 3) FOO => 42 BAR => 69 #.(SB-IMPL::%STUFF-HASH-TABLE (MAKE-HASH-TABLE :TEST 'EQL :SIZE '16 :REHASH-SIZE '1.5 :REHASH-THRESHOLD '1.0 :WEAKNESS 'NIL) '((BAR . 69) (FOO . 42))) #<HASH-TABLE :TEST EQL :COUNT 2 {1002B6F391}> [hash-table] Occupancy: 0.1 Rehash-threshold: 1.0 Rehash-size: 1.5 Size: 16 Synchronized: no (3 2 1) [list]
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Translate the given D code snippet into PHP without altering its behavior.
int[3] array; array[0] = 5;
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Ensure the translated PHP code behaves exactly like the original Delphi snippet.
var intArray: TArray<Integer> = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; intArray2: array of Integer = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; intArray3: array [0..4]of Integer; intArray4: array [10..14]of Integer; procedure var intArray5: TArray<Integer>; begin intArray := [1,2,3]; intArray2 := [1,2,3]; intArray[0] := 1; SetLength(intArray,5); var intArray6 := [1, 2, 3]; var intArray7: TArray<Integer> := [1, 2, 3]; end;
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Translate this program into PHP but keep the logic exactly as in Elixir.
empty_list = [] list = [1,2,3,4,5] length(list) [0 | list] hd(list) tl(list) Enum.at(list,3) list ++ [6,7] list -- [4,2]
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Produce a functionally identical PHP code for the snippet given in Factor.
USING: assocs deques dlists lists lists.lazy sequences sets ; { 1 2 "foo" 3 } [ 1 2 3 + * ] "Hello, world B{ 1 2 3 } ?{ f t t } { 1 2 3 } 4 suffix { 1 2 3 } { 4 5 6 } append { 1 1 2 3 } { 2 5 7 8 } intersect "Hello" { } like { 72 101 108 108 111 } "" like V{ 1 2 "foo" 3 } BV{ 1 2 255 } SBUF" Hello, world V{ 1 2 3 } 4 suffix V{ 1 2 3 } { 4 5 6 } append V{ 1 2 3 } pop { { "hamburger" 150 } { "soda" 99 } { "fries" 99 } } H{ { 1 "a" } { 2 "b" } } 3 "c" H{ { 1 "a" } { 2 "b" } } [ set-at ] keep T{ cons-state f 1 +nil+ } T{ cons-state { car 1 } { cdr +nil+ } } 1 2 3 4 +nil+ cons cons cons cons 1 2 2list { 1 2 3 4 } sequence>list 0 lfrom 0 [ 2 + ] lfrom-by DL{ 1 2 3 } 3 DL{ 1 2 } [ push-front ] keep 3 DL{ 1 2 } [ push-back ] keep
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in PHP.
include ffl/car.fs 10 car-create ar 2 0 ar car-set 3 1 ar car-set 1 0 ar car-insert
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in PHP.
REAL A(36) A(1) = 1 A(2) = 3*A(1) + 5
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Translate the given Groovy code snippet into PHP without altering its behavior.
def emptyList = [] assert emptyList.isEmpty() : "These are not the items you're looking for" assert emptyList.size() == 0 : "Empty list has size 0" assert ! emptyList : "Empty list evaluates as boolean 'false'" def initializedList = [ 1, "b", java.awt.Color.BLUE ] assert initializedList.size() == 3 assert initializedList : "Non-empty list evaluates as boolean 'true'" assert initializedList[2] == java.awt.Color.BLUE : "referencing a single element (zero-based indexing)" assert initializedList[-1] == java.awt.Color.BLUE : "referencing a single element (reverse indexing of last element)" def combinedList = initializedList + [ "more stuff", "even more stuff" ] assert combinedList.size() == 5 assert combinedList[1..3] == ["b", java.awt.Color.BLUE, "more stuff"] : "referencing a range of elements" combinedList << "even more stuff" assert combinedList.size() == 6 assert combinedList[-1..-3] == \ ["even more stuff", "even more stuff", "more stuff"] \ : "reverse referencing last 3 elements" println ([combinedList: combinedList])
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Convert this Haskell block to PHP, preserving its control flow and logic.
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Write the same algorithm in PHP as shown in this Icon implementation.
s := "abccd" c := 'abcd' S := set() T := table() L := [] record constructorname(field1,field2,fieldetc) R := constructorname()
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from J to PHP, same semantics.
c =: 0 10 20 30 40 c, 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 _20 _10 , c _20 _10 0 10 20 30 40 ,~ c 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 ,:~ c 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 30 e. c 1 30 i.~c 3 30 80 e. c 1 0 2 1 4 2 { c 20 10 40 20 |.c 40 30 20 10 0 1+c 1 11 21 31 41 c%10 0 1 2 3 4 {. c 0 {: c 40 3{.c 0 10 20 3}.c 30 40 _3{.c 20 30 40 _3}.c 0 10 keys_map_ =: 'one';'two';'three' vals_map_ =: 'alpha';'beta';'gamma' lookup_map_ =: a:& $: : (dyad def ' (keys i. y) { vals,x')&boxopen exists_map_ =: verb def 'y e. keys'&boxopen exists_map_ 'bad key' 0 exists_map_ 'two';'bad key' 1 0 lookup_map_ 'one' +-----+ |alpha| +-----+ lookup_map_ 'three';'one';'two';'one' +-----+-----+----+-----+ |gamma|alpha|beta|alpha| +-----+-----+----+-----+ lookup_map_ 'bad key' ++ || ++ 'some other default' lookup_map_ 'bad key' +------------------+ |some other default| +------------------+ 'some other default' lookup_map_ 'two';'bad key' +----+------------------+ |beta|some other default| +----+------------------+ +/ c 100 */ c 0 i.5 0 1 2 3 4 10*i.5 0 10 20 30 40 c = 10*i.5 1 1 1 1 1 c -: 10 i.5 1
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in PHP.
julia> collection = [] 0-element Array{Any,1} julia> push!(collection, 1,2,4,7) 4-element Array{Any,1}: 1 2 4 7
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Write a version of this Lua function in PHP with identical behavior.
collection = {0, '1'} print(collection[1]) collection = {["foo"] = 0, ["bar"] = '1'} print(collection["foo"]) print(collection.foo) collection = {0, '1', ["foo"] = 0, ["bar"] = '1'}
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Convert this Mathematica snippet to PHP and keep its semantics consistent.
Lst = {3, 4, 5, 6} ->{3, 4, 5, 6} PrependTo[ Lst, 2] ->{2, 3, 4, 5, 6} PrependTo[ Lst, 1] ->{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Lst ->{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Insert[ Lst, X, 4] ->{1, 2, 3, X, 4, 5, 6}
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in PHP.
>> A = {2,'TPS Report'} A = [2] 'TPS Report' >> A{2} = struct('make','honda','year',2003) A = [2] [1x1 struct] >> A{3} = {3,'HOVA'} A = [2] [1x1 struct] {1x2 cell} >> A{2} ans = make: 'honda' year: 2003
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Port the following code from Nim to PHP with equivalent syntax and logic.
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] var b: array[128, int] b[9] = 10 b[0..8] = a var c: array['a'..'d', float] = [1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3] c['b'] = 10000
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Produce a functionally identical PHP code for the snippet given in OCaml.
[1; 2; 3; 4; 5]
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Convert the following code from Pascal to PHP, ensuring the logic remains intact.
var MyArray: array[1..5] of real; begin MyArray[1] := 4.35; end;
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Ensure the translated PHP code behaves exactly like the original Perl snippet.
use strict; my @c = (); push @c, 10, 11, 12; push @c, 65; print join(" ",@c) . "\n"; my %h = (); $h{'one'} = 1; $h{'two'} = 2; foreach my $i ( keys %h ) { print $i . " -> " . $h{$i} . "\n"; }
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Ensure the translated PHP code behaves exactly like the original PowerShell snippet.
$array = "one", 2, "three", 4 $array = @("one", 2, "three", 4) $var1, $var2, $var3, $var4 = $array $array = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 $array = 0..7 [int[]] $stronglyTypedArray = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 $array = @() $array = @("one") $jaggedArray = @((11, 12, 13), (21, 22, 23), (31, 32, 33)) $jaggedArray | Format-Wide {$_} -Column 3 -Force $jaggedArray[1][1] $multiArray = New-Object -TypeName "System.Object[,]" -ArgumentList 6,6 for ($i = 0; $i -lt 6; $i++) { for ($j = 0; $j -lt 6; $j++) { $multiArray[$i,$j] = ($i + 1) * 10 + ($j + 1) } } $multiArray | Format-Wide {$_} -Column 6 -Force $multiArray[2,2]
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Ensure the translated PHP code behaves exactly like the original R snippet.
numeric(5) 1:10 c(1, 3, 6, 10, 7 + 8, sqrt(441))
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Translate this program into PHP but keep the logic exactly as in Racket.
#lang racket (list 1 2 3 4) (make-list 100 0) (cons 1 (list 2 3 4))
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Change the following COBOL code into PHP without altering its purpose.
identification division. program-id. collections. data division. working-storage section. 01 sample-table. 05 sample-record occurs 1 to 3 times depending on the-index. 10 sample-alpha pic x(4). 10 filler pic x value ":". 10 sample-number pic 9(4). 10 filler pic x value space. 77 the-index usage index. procedure division. collections-main. set the-index to 3 move 1234 to sample-number(1) move "abcd" to sample-alpha(1) move "test" to sample-alpha(2) move 6789 to sample-number(3) move "wxyz" to sample-alpha(3) display "sample-table  : " sample-table display "sample-number(1): " sample-number(1) display "sample-record(2): " sample-record(2) display "sample-number(3): " sample-number(3) set the-index down by 1 display "sample-table  : " sample-table display "sample-number(3): " sample-number(3) goback. end program collections.
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Please provide an equivalent version of this REXX code in PHP.
options replace format comments java crossref symbols nobinary myVals = [ 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five' ] mySet = Set mySet = HashSet() loop val over myVals mySet.add(val) end val loop val over mySet say val end val return
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Translate the given Ruby code snippet into PHP without altering its behavior.
a = [] a[0] = 1 a[3] = "abc" a << 3.14 a = Array.new a = Array.new(3) a = Array.new(3, 0) a = Array.new(3){|i| i*2}
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Change the programming language of this snippet from Scala to PHP without modifying what it does.
import java.util.PriorityQueue fun main(args: Array<String>) { val ga = arrayOf(1, 2, 3) println(ga.joinToString(prefix = "[", postfix = "]")) val da = doubleArrayOf(4.0, 5.0, 6.0) println(da.joinToString(prefix = "[", postfix = "]")) val li = listOf<Byte>(7, 8, 9) println(li) val ml = mutableListOf<Short>() ml.add(10); ml.add(11); ml.add(12) println(ml) val hm = mapOf('a' to 97, 'b' to 98, 'c' to 99) println(hm) val mm = mutableMapOf<Char, Int>() mm.put('d', 100); mm.put('e', 101); mm.put('f', 102) println(mm) val se = setOf(1, 2, 3) println(se) val ms = mutableSetOf<Long>() ms.add(4L); ms.add(5L); ms.add(6L) println(ms) val pq = PriorityQueue<String>() pq.add("First"); pq.add("Second"); pq.add("Third") println(pq) }
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Convert the following code from Tcl to PHP, ensuring the logic remains intact.
set c [list] ; lappend c 10 11 13 set c [linsert $c 2 "twelve goes here"] foreach elem $c {puts $elem} proc show_size {l} { puts [llength $l] } show_size $c
<?php $a = array(); # add elements "at the end" array_push($a, 55, 10, 20); print_r($a); # using an explicit key $a['one'] = 1; $a['two'] = 2; print_r($a); ?>
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from C to Rust.
#define cSize( a ) ( sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]) ) int ar[10]; ar[0] = 1; ar[1] = 2; int* p; for (p=ar; p<(ar+cSize(ar)); p++) { printf("%d\n",*p); }
let a = [1u8,2,3,4,5]; let b = [0;256]
Port the provided C++ code into Rust while preserving the original functionality.
int a[5]; a[0] = 1; int primes[10] = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 }; #include <string> std::string strings[4];
let a = [1u8,2,3,4,5]; let b = [0;256]
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from C# to Rust, same semantics.
int[] intArray = new int[5] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; int[] intArray = new int[]{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; int[] intArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; string[] stringArr = new string[5]; stringArr[0] = "string";
let a = [1u8,2,3,4,5]; let b = [0;256]
Translate this program into Rust but keep the logic exactly as in Java.
List arrayList = new ArrayList(); arrayList.add(new Integer(0)); arrayList.add(0); List<Integer> myarrlist = new ArrayList<Integer>(); int sum; for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { myarrlist.add(i); }
let a = [1u8,2,3,4,5]; let b = [0;256]
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Rust.
package main import "fmt" func main() { var a []interface{} a = append(a, 3) a = append(a, "apples", "oranges") fmt.Println(a) }
let a = [1u8,2,3,4,5]; let b = [0;256]
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in Rust.
let a = [1u8,2,3,4,5]; let b = [0;256]
collection = [0, '1'] x = collection[0] collection.append(2) collection.insert(0, '-1') y = collection[0] collection.extend([2,'3']) collection += [2,'3'] collection[2:6] len(collection) collection = (0, 1) collection[:] collection[-4:-1] collection[::2] collection="some string" x = collection[::-1] collection[::2] == "some string"[::2] collection.__getitem__(slice(0,len(collection),2)) collection = {0: "zero", 1: "one"} collection['zero'] = 2 collection = set([0, '1'])
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in VB.
let a = [1u8,2,3,4,5]; let b = [0;256]
Dim coll As New Collection coll.Add "apple" coll.Add "banana"
Write a version of this Ada function in C# with identical behavior.
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Test_Matrix is generic type Element is private; Zero : Element; One : Element; with function "+" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function "*" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function Image (X : Element) return String is <>; package Matrices is type Matrix is array (Integer range <>, Integer range <>) of Element; function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix; procedure Put (A : Matrix); end Matrices; package body Matrices is function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix is R : Matrix (A'Range (1), B'Range (2)); Sum : Element := Zero; begin for I in R'Range (1) loop for J in R'Range (2) loop Sum := Zero; for K in A'Range (2) loop Sum := Sum + A (I, K) * B (K, J); end loop; R (I, J) := Sum; end loop; end loop; return R; end "*"; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix is begin if Power = 1 then return A; end if; declare R : Matrix (A'Range (1), A'Range (2)) := (others => (others => Zero)); P : Matrix := A; E : Natural := Power; begin for I in P'Range (1) loop R (I, I) := One; end loop; if E = 0 then return R; end if; loop if E mod 2 /= 0 then R := R * P; end if; E := E / 2; exit when E = 0; P := P * P; end loop; return R; end; end "**"; procedure Put (A : Matrix) is begin for I in A'Range (1) loop for J in A'Range (1) loop Put (Image (A (I, J))); end loop; New_Line; end loop; end Put; end Matrices; package Integer_Matrices is new Matrices (Integer, 0, 1, Image => Integer'Image); use Integer_Matrices; M : Matrix (1..2, 1..2) := ((3,2),(2,1)); begin Put_Line ("M ="); Put (M); Put_Line ("M**0 ="); Put (M**0); Put_Line ("M**1 ="); Put (M**1); Put_Line ("M**2 ="); Put (M**2); Put_Line ("M*M ="); Put (M*M); Put_Line ("M**3 ="); Put (M**3); Put_Line ("M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**4 ="); Put (M**4); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**10 ="); Put (M**10); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M); end Test_Matrix;
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Ada version.
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Test_Matrix is generic type Element is private; Zero : Element; One : Element; with function "+" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function "*" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function Image (X : Element) return String is <>; package Matrices is type Matrix is array (Integer range <>, Integer range <>) of Element; function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix; procedure Put (A : Matrix); end Matrices; package body Matrices is function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix is R : Matrix (A'Range (1), B'Range (2)); Sum : Element := Zero; begin for I in R'Range (1) loop for J in R'Range (2) loop Sum := Zero; for K in A'Range (2) loop Sum := Sum + A (I, K) * B (K, J); end loop; R (I, J) := Sum; end loop; end loop; return R; end "*"; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix is begin if Power = 1 then return A; end if; declare R : Matrix (A'Range (1), A'Range (2)) := (others => (others => Zero)); P : Matrix := A; E : Natural := Power; begin for I in P'Range (1) loop R (I, I) := One; end loop; if E = 0 then return R; end if; loop if E mod 2 /= 0 then R := R * P; end if; E := E / 2; exit when E = 0; P := P * P; end loop; return R; end; end "**"; procedure Put (A : Matrix) is begin for I in A'Range (1) loop for J in A'Range (1) loop Put (Image (A (I, J))); end loop; New_Line; end loop; end Put; end Matrices; package Integer_Matrices is new Matrices (Integer, 0, 1, Image => Integer'Image); use Integer_Matrices; M : Matrix (1..2, 1..2) := ((3,2),(2,1)); begin Put_Line ("M ="); Put (M); Put_Line ("M**0 ="); Put (M**0); Put_Line ("M**1 ="); Put (M**1); Put_Line ("M**2 ="); Put (M**2); Put_Line ("M*M ="); Put (M*M); Put_Line ("M**3 ="); Put (M**3); Put_Line ("M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**4 ="); Put (M**4); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**10 ="); Put (M**10); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M); end Test_Matrix;
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Generate a C++ translation of this Ada snippet without changing its computational steps.
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Test_Matrix is generic type Element is private; Zero : Element; One : Element; with function "+" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function "*" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function Image (X : Element) return String is <>; package Matrices is type Matrix is array (Integer range <>, Integer range <>) of Element; function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix; procedure Put (A : Matrix); end Matrices; package body Matrices is function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix is R : Matrix (A'Range (1), B'Range (2)); Sum : Element := Zero; begin for I in R'Range (1) loop for J in R'Range (2) loop Sum := Zero; for K in A'Range (2) loop Sum := Sum + A (I, K) * B (K, J); end loop; R (I, J) := Sum; end loop; end loop; return R; end "*"; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix is begin if Power = 1 then return A; end if; declare R : Matrix (A'Range (1), A'Range (2)) := (others => (others => Zero)); P : Matrix := A; E : Natural := Power; begin for I in P'Range (1) loop R (I, I) := One; end loop; if E = 0 then return R; end if; loop if E mod 2 /= 0 then R := R * P; end if; E := E / 2; exit when E = 0; P := P * P; end loop; return R; end; end "**"; procedure Put (A : Matrix) is begin for I in A'Range (1) loop for J in A'Range (1) loop Put (Image (A (I, J))); end loop; New_Line; end loop; end Put; end Matrices; package Integer_Matrices is new Matrices (Integer, 0, 1, Image => Integer'Image); use Integer_Matrices; M : Matrix (1..2, 1..2) := ((3,2),(2,1)); begin Put_Line ("M ="); Put (M); Put_Line ("M**0 ="); Put (M**0); Put_Line ("M**1 ="); Put (M**1); Put_Line ("M**2 ="); Put (M**2); Put_Line ("M*M ="); Put (M*M); Put_Line ("M**3 ="); Put (M**3); Put_Line ("M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**4 ="); Put (M**4); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**10 ="); Put (M**10); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M); end Test_Matrix;
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Transform the following Ada implementation into Go, maintaining the same output and logic.
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Test_Matrix is generic type Element is private; Zero : Element; One : Element; with function "+" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function "*" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function Image (X : Element) return String is <>; package Matrices is type Matrix is array (Integer range <>, Integer range <>) of Element; function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix; procedure Put (A : Matrix); end Matrices; package body Matrices is function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix is R : Matrix (A'Range (1), B'Range (2)); Sum : Element := Zero; begin for I in R'Range (1) loop for J in R'Range (2) loop Sum := Zero; for K in A'Range (2) loop Sum := Sum + A (I, K) * B (K, J); end loop; R (I, J) := Sum; end loop; end loop; return R; end "*"; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix is begin if Power = 1 then return A; end if; declare R : Matrix (A'Range (1), A'Range (2)) := (others => (others => Zero)); P : Matrix := A; E : Natural := Power; begin for I in P'Range (1) loop R (I, I) := One; end loop; if E = 0 then return R; end if; loop if E mod 2 /= 0 then R := R * P; end if; E := E / 2; exit when E = 0; P := P * P; end loop; return R; end; end "**"; procedure Put (A : Matrix) is begin for I in A'Range (1) loop for J in A'Range (1) loop Put (Image (A (I, J))); end loop; New_Line; end loop; end Put; end Matrices; package Integer_Matrices is new Matrices (Integer, 0, 1, Image => Integer'Image); use Integer_Matrices; M : Matrix (1..2, 1..2) := ((3,2),(2,1)); begin Put_Line ("M ="); Put (M); Put_Line ("M**0 ="); Put (M**0); Put_Line ("M**1 ="); Put (M**1); Put_Line ("M**2 ="); Put (M**2); Put_Line ("M*M ="); Put (M*M); Put_Line ("M**3 ="); Put (M**3); Put_Line ("M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**4 ="); Put (M**4); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**10 ="); Put (M**10); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M); end Test_Matrix;
package main import "fmt" type vector = []float64 type matrix []vector func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func identityMatrix(n int) matrix { if n < 1 { panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1") } ident := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { ident[i] = make(vector, n) ident[i][i] = 1 } return ident } func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix { le := len(m) if le != len(m[0]) { panic("Not a square matrix") } switch { case n < 0: panic("Negative exponents not supported") case n == 0: return identityMatrix(le) case n == 1: return m } pow := identityMatrix(le) base := m e := n for e > 0 { if (e & 1) == 1 { pow = pow.mul(base) } e >>= 1 base = base.mul(base) } return pow } func main() { m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}} for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**") fmt.Println(m.pow(i)) fmt.Println() } }
Transform the following Ada implementation into Python, maintaining the same output and logic.
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Test_Matrix is generic type Element is private; Zero : Element; One : Element; with function "+" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function "*" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function Image (X : Element) return String is <>; package Matrices is type Matrix is array (Integer range <>, Integer range <>) of Element; function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix; procedure Put (A : Matrix); end Matrices; package body Matrices is function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix is R : Matrix (A'Range (1), B'Range (2)); Sum : Element := Zero; begin for I in R'Range (1) loop for J in R'Range (2) loop Sum := Zero; for K in A'Range (2) loop Sum := Sum + A (I, K) * B (K, J); end loop; R (I, J) := Sum; end loop; end loop; return R; end "*"; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix is begin if Power = 1 then return A; end if; declare R : Matrix (A'Range (1), A'Range (2)) := (others => (others => Zero)); P : Matrix := A; E : Natural := Power; begin for I in P'Range (1) loop R (I, I) := One; end loop; if E = 0 then return R; end if; loop if E mod 2 /= 0 then R := R * P; end if; E := E / 2; exit when E = 0; P := P * P; end loop; return R; end; end "**"; procedure Put (A : Matrix) is begin for I in A'Range (1) loop for J in A'Range (1) loop Put (Image (A (I, J))); end loop; New_Line; end loop; end Put; end Matrices; package Integer_Matrices is new Matrices (Integer, 0, 1, Image => Integer'Image); use Integer_Matrices; M : Matrix (1..2, 1..2) := ((3,2),(2,1)); begin Put_Line ("M ="); Put (M); Put_Line ("M**0 ="); Put (M**0); Put_Line ("M**1 ="); Put (M**1); Put_Line ("M**2 ="); Put (M**2); Put_Line ("M*M ="); Put (M*M); Put_Line ("M**3 ="); Put (M**3); Put_Line ("M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**4 ="); Put (M**4); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**10 ="); Put (M**10); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M); end Test_Matrix;
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Can you help me rewrite this code in VB instead of Ada, keeping it the same logically?
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure Test_Matrix is generic type Element is private; Zero : Element; One : Element; with function "+" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function "*" (A, B : Element) return Element is <>; with function Image (X : Element) return String is <>; package Matrices is type Matrix is array (Integer range <>, Integer range <>) of Element; function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix; procedure Put (A : Matrix); end Matrices; package body Matrices is function "*" (A, B : Matrix) return Matrix is R : Matrix (A'Range (1), B'Range (2)); Sum : Element := Zero; begin for I in R'Range (1) loop for J in R'Range (2) loop Sum := Zero; for K in A'Range (2) loop Sum := Sum + A (I, K) * B (K, J); end loop; R (I, J) := Sum; end loop; end loop; return R; end "*"; function "**" (A : Matrix; Power : Natural) return Matrix is begin if Power = 1 then return A; end if; declare R : Matrix (A'Range (1), A'Range (2)) := (others => (others => Zero)); P : Matrix := A; E : Natural := Power; begin for I in P'Range (1) loop R (I, I) := One; end loop; if E = 0 then return R; end if; loop if E mod 2 /= 0 then R := R * P; end if; E := E / 2; exit when E = 0; P := P * P; end loop; return R; end; end "**"; procedure Put (A : Matrix) is begin for I in A'Range (1) loop for J in A'Range (1) loop Put (Image (A (I, J))); end loop; New_Line; end loop; end Put; end Matrices; package Integer_Matrices is new Matrices (Integer, 0, 1, Image => Integer'Image); use Integer_Matrices; M : Matrix (1..2, 1..2) := ((3,2),(2,1)); begin Put_Line ("M ="); Put (M); Put_Line ("M**0 ="); Put (M**0); Put_Line ("M**1 ="); Put (M**1); Put_Line ("M**2 ="); Put (M**2); Put_Line ("M*M ="); Put (M*M); Put_Line ("M**3 ="); Put (M**3); Put_Line ("M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**4 ="); Put (M**4); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M); Put_Line ("M**10 ="); Put (M**10); Put_Line ("M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M ="); Put (M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M*M); end Test_Matrix;
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Convert this BBC_Basic snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent.
DIM matrix(1,1), output(1,1) matrix() = 3, 2, 2, 1 FOR power% = 0 TO 9 PROCmatrixpower(matrix(), output(), power%) PRINT "matrix()^" ; power% " = " FOR row% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 1) FOR col% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 2) PRINT output(row%,col%); NEXT PRINT NEXT row% NEXT power% END DEF PROCmatrixpower(src(), dst(), pow%) LOCAL i% dst() = 0 FOR i% = 0 TO DIM(dst(), 1) : dst(i%,i%) = 1 : NEXT IF pow% THEN FOR i% = 1 TO pow% dst() = dst() . src() NEXT ENDIF ENDPROC
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Generate an equivalent C# version of this BBC_Basic code.
DIM matrix(1,1), output(1,1) matrix() = 3, 2, 2, 1 FOR power% = 0 TO 9 PROCmatrixpower(matrix(), output(), power%) PRINT "matrix()^" ; power% " = " FOR row% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 1) FOR col% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 2) PRINT output(row%,col%); NEXT PRINT NEXT row% NEXT power% END DEF PROCmatrixpower(src(), dst(), pow%) LOCAL i% dst() = 0 FOR i% = 0 TO DIM(dst(), 1) : dst(i%,i%) = 1 : NEXT IF pow% THEN FOR i% = 1 TO pow% dst() = dst() . src() NEXT ENDIF ENDPROC
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in BBC_Basic.
DIM matrix(1,1), output(1,1) matrix() = 3, 2, 2, 1 FOR power% = 0 TO 9 PROCmatrixpower(matrix(), output(), power%) PRINT "matrix()^" ; power% " = " FOR row% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 1) FOR col% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 2) PRINT output(row%,col%); NEXT PRINT NEXT row% NEXT power% END DEF PROCmatrixpower(src(), dst(), pow%) LOCAL i% dst() = 0 FOR i% = 0 TO DIM(dst(), 1) : dst(i%,i%) = 1 : NEXT IF pow% THEN FOR i% = 1 TO pow% dst() = dst() . src() NEXT ENDIF ENDPROC
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this BBC_Basic code in Python.
DIM matrix(1,1), output(1,1) matrix() = 3, 2, 2, 1 FOR power% = 0 TO 9 PROCmatrixpower(matrix(), output(), power%) PRINT "matrix()^" ; power% " = " FOR row% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 1) FOR col% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 2) PRINT output(row%,col%); NEXT PRINT NEXT row% NEXT power% END DEF PROCmatrixpower(src(), dst(), pow%) LOCAL i% dst() = 0 FOR i% = 0 TO DIM(dst(), 1) : dst(i%,i%) = 1 : NEXT IF pow% THEN FOR i% = 1 TO pow% dst() = dst() . src() NEXT ENDIF ENDPROC
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Produce a functionally identical VB code for the snippet given in BBC_Basic.
DIM matrix(1,1), output(1,1) matrix() = 3, 2, 2, 1 FOR power% = 0 TO 9 PROCmatrixpower(matrix(), output(), power%) PRINT "matrix()^" ; power% " = " FOR row% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 1) FOR col% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 2) PRINT output(row%,col%); NEXT PRINT NEXT row% NEXT power% END DEF PROCmatrixpower(src(), dst(), pow%) LOCAL i% dst() = 0 FOR i% = 0 TO DIM(dst(), 1) : dst(i%,i%) = 1 : NEXT IF pow% THEN FOR i% = 1 TO pow% dst() = dst() . src() NEXT ENDIF ENDPROC
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Go.
DIM matrix(1,1), output(1,1) matrix() = 3, 2, 2, 1 FOR power% = 0 TO 9 PROCmatrixpower(matrix(), output(), power%) PRINT "matrix()^" ; power% " = " FOR row% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 1) FOR col% = 0 TO DIM(output(), 2) PRINT output(row%,col%); NEXT PRINT NEXT row% NEXT power% END DEF PROCmatrixpower(src(), dst(), pow%) LOCAL i% dst() = 0 FOR i% = 0 TO DIM(dst(), 1) : dst(i%,i%) = 1 : NEXT IF pow% THEN FOR i% = 1 TO pow% dst() = dst() . src() NEXT ENDIF ENDPROC
package main import "fmt" type vector = []float64 type matrix []vector func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func identityMatrix(n int) matrix { if n < 1 { panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1") } ident := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { ident[i] = make(vector, n) ident[i][i] = 1 } return ident } func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix { le := len(m) if le != len(m[0]) { panic("Not a square matrix") } switch { case n < 0: panic("Negative exponents not supported") case n == 0: return identityMatrix(le) case n == 1: return m } pow := identityMatrix(le) base := m e := n for e > 0 { if (e & 1) == 1 { pow = pow.mul(base) } e >>= 1 base = base.mul(base) } return pow } func main() { m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}} for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**") fmt.Println(m.pow(i)) fmt.Println() } }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Common_Lisp to C without modifying what it does.
(defun multiply-matrices (matrix-0 matrix-1) "Takes two 2D arrays and returns their product, or an error if they cannot be multiplied" (let* ((m0-dims (array-dimensions matrix-0)) (m1-dims (array-dimensions matrix-1)) (m0-dim (length m0-dims)) (m1-dim (length m1-dims))) (if (or (/= 2 m0-dim) (/= 2 m1-dim)) (error "Array given not a matrix") (let ((m0-rows (car m0-dims)) (m0-cols (cadr m0-dims)) (m1-rows (car m1-dims)) (m1-cols (cadr m1-dims))) (if (/= m0-cols m1-rows) (error "Incompatible dimensions") (do ((rarr (make-array (list m0-rows m1-cols) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) 0 (1+ n))) (cc 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) (if (/= cc (1- m1-cols)) (1+ cc) 0) cc)) (cr 0 (if (and (= (1- m0-cols) n) (= (1- m1-cols) cc)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m0-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (+ (aref rarr cr cc) (* (aref matrix-0 cr n) (aref matrix-1 n cc)))))))))) (defun matrix-identity (dim) "Creates a new identity matrix of size dim*dim" (do ((rarr (make-array (list dim dim) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (1+ n))) ((= n dim) rarr) (setf (aref rarr n n) 1))) (defun matrix-expt (matrix exp) "Takes the first argument (a matrix) and multiplies it by itself exp times" (let* ((m-dims (array-dimensions matrix)) (m-rows (car m-dims)) (m-cols (cadr m-dims))) (cond ((/= m-rows m-cols) (error "Non-square matrix")) ((zerop exp) (matrix-identity m-rows)) ((= 1 exp) (do ((rarr (make-array (list m-rows m-cols)) rarr) (cc 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) 0 (1+ cc))) (cr 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (aref matrix cr cc)))) ((zerop (mod exp 2)) (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ exp 2)))) (multiply-matrices me2 me2))) (t (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ (1- exp) 2)))) (multiply-matrices matrix (multiply-matrices me2 me2)))))))
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C#.
(defun multiply-matrices (matrix-0 matrix-1) "Takes two 2D arrays and returns their product, or an error if they cannot be multiplied" (let* ((m0-dims (array-dimensions matrix-0)) (m1-dims (array-dimensions matrix-1)) (m0-dim (length m0-dims)) (m1-dim (length m1-dims))) (if (or (/= 2 m0-dim) (/= 2 m1-dim)) (error "Array given not a matrix") (let ((m0-rows (car m0-dims)) (m0-cols (cadr m0-dims)) (m1-rows (car m1-dims)) (m1-cols (cadr m1-dims))) (if (/= m0-cols m1-rows) (error "Incompatible dimensions") (do ((rarr (make-array (list m0-rows m1-cols) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) 0 (1+ n))) (cc 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) (if (/= cc (1- m1-cols)) (1+ cc) 0) cc)) (cr 0 (if (and (= (1- m0-cols) n) (= (1- m1-cols) cc)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m0-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (+ (aref rarr cr cc) (* (aref matrix-0 cr n) (aref matrix-1 n cc)))))))))) (defun matrix-identity (dim) "Creates a new identity matrix of size dim*dim" (do ((rarr (make-array (list dim dim) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (1+ n))) ((= n dim) rarr) (setf (aref rarr n n) 1))) (defun matrix-expt (matrix exp) "Takes the first argument (a matrix) and multiplies it by itself exp times" (let* ((m-dims (array-dimensions matrix)) (m-rows (car m-dims)) (m-cols (cadr m-dims))) (cond ((/= m-rows m-cols) (error "Non-square matrix")) ((zerop exp) (matrix-identity m-rows)) ((= 1 exp) (do ((rarr (make-array (list m-rows m-cols)) rarr) (cc 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) 0 (1+ cc))) (cr 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (aref matrix cr cc)))) ((zerop (mod exp 2)) (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ exp 2)))) (multiply-matrices me2 me2))) (t (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ (1- exp) 2)))) (multiply-matrices matrix (multiply-matrices me2 me2)))))))
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Port the following code from Common_Lisp to C++ with equivalent syntax and logic.
(defun multiply-matrices (matrix-0 matrix-1) "Takes two 2D arrays and returns their product, or an error if they cannot be multiplied" (let* ((m0-dims (array-dimensions matrix-0)) (m1-dims (array-dimensions matrix-1)) (m0-dim (length m0-dims)) (m1-dim (length m1-dims))) (if (or (/= 2 m0-dim) (/= 2 m1-dim)) (error "Array given not a matrix") (let ((m0-rows (car m0-dims)) (m0-cols (cadr m0-dims)) (m1-rows (car m1-dims)) (m1-cols (cadr m1-dims))) (if (/= m0-cols m1-rows) (error "Incompatible dimensions") (do ((rarr (make-array (list m0-rows m1-cols) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) 0 (1+ n))) (cc 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) (if (/= cc (1- m1-cols)) (1+ cc) 0) cc)) (cr 0 (if (and (= (1- m0-cols) n) (= (1- m1-cols) cc)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m0-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (+ (aref rarr cr cc) (* (aref matrix-0 cr n) (aref matrix-1 n cc)))))))))) (defun matrix-identity (dim) "Creates a new identity matrix of size dim*dim" (do ((rarr (make-array (list dim dim) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (1+ n))) ((= n dim) rarr) (setf (aref rarr n n) 1))) (defun matrix-expt (matrix exp) "Takes the first argument (a matrix) and multiplies it by itself exp times" (let* ((m-dims (array-dimensions matrix)) (m-rows (car m-dims)) (m-cols (cadr m-dims))) (cond ((/= m-rows m-cols) (error "Non-square matrix")) ((zerop exp) (matrix-identity m-rows)) ((= 1 exp) (do ((rarr (make-array (list m-rows m-cols)) rarr) (cc 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) 0 (1+ cc))) (cr 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (aref matrix cr cc)))) ((zerop (mod exp 2)) (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ exp 2)))) (multiply-matrices me2 me2))) (t (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ (1- exp) 2)))) (multiply-matrices matrix (multiply-matrices me2 me2)))))))
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Common_Lisp to Python without modifying what it does.
(defun multiply-matrices (matrix-0 matrix-1) "Takes two 2D arrays and returns their product, or an error if they cannot be multiplied" (let* ((m0-dims (array-dimensions matrix-0)) (m1-dims (array-dimensions matrix-1)) (m0-dim (length m0-dims)) (m1-dim (length m1-dims))) (if (or (/= 2 m0-dim) (/= 2 m1-dim)) (error "Array given not a matrix") (let ((m0-rows (car m0-dims)) (m0-cols (cadr m0-dims)) (m1-rows (car m1-dims)) (m1-cols (cadr m1-dims))) (if (/= m0-cols m1-rows) (error "Incompatible dimensions") (do ((rarr (make-array (list m0-rows m1-cols) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) 0 (1+ n))) (cc 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) (if (/= cc (1- m1-cols)) (1+ cc) 0) cc)) (cr 0 (if (and (= (1- m0-cols) n) (= (1- m1-cols) cc)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m0-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (+ (aref rarr cr cc) (* (aref matrix-0 cr n) (aref matrix-1 n cc)))))))))) (defun matrix-identity (dim) "Creates a new identity matrix of size dim*dim" (do ((rarr (make-array (list dim dim) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (1+ n))) ((= n dim) rarr) (setf (aref rarr n n) 1))) (defun matrix-expt (matrix exp) "Takes the first argument (a matrix) and multiplies it by itself exp times" (let* ((m-dims (array-dimensions matrix)) (m-rows (car m-dims)) (m-cols (cadr m-dims))) (cond ((/= m-rows m-cols) (error "Non-square matrix")) ((zerop exp) (matrix-identity m-rows)) ((= 1 exp) (do ((rarr (make-array (list m-rows m-cols)) rarr) (cc 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) 0 (1+ cc))) (cr 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (aref matrix cr cc)))) ((zerop (mod exp 2)) (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ exp 2)))) (multiply-matrices me2 me2))) (t (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ (1- exp) 2)))) (multiply-matrices matrix (multiply-matrices me2 me2)))))))
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Convert this Common_Lisp block to VB, preserving its control flow and logic.
(defun multiply-matrices (matrix-0 matrix-1) "Takes two 2D arrays and returns their product, or an error if they cannot be multiplied" (let* ((m0-dims (array-dimensions matrix-0)) (m1-dims (array-dimensions matrix-1)) (m0-dim (length m0-dims)) (m1-dim (length m1-dims))) (if (or (/= 2 m0-dim) (/= 2 m1-dim)) (error "Array given not a matrix") (let ((m0-rows (car m0-dims)) (m0-cols (cadr m0-dims)) (m1-rows (car m1-dims)) (m1-cols (cadr m1-dims))) (if (/= m0-cols m1-rows) (error "Incompatible dimensions") (do ((rarr (make-array (list m0-rows m1-cols) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) 0 (1+ n))) (cc 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) (if (/= cc (1- m1-cols)) (1+ cc) 0) cc)) (cr 0 (if (and (= (1- m0-cols) n) (= (1- m1-cols) cc)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m0-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (+ (aref rarr cr cc) (* (aref matrix-0 cr n) (aref matrix-1 n cc)))))))))) (defun matrix-identity (dim) "Creates a new identity matrix of size dim*dim" (do ((rarr (make-array (list dim dim) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (1+ n))) ((= n dim) rarr) (setf (aref rarr n n) 1))) (defun matrix-expt (matrix exp) "Takes the first argument (a matrix) and multiplies it by itself exp times" (let* ((m-dims (array-dimensions matrix)) (m-rows (car m-dims)) (m-cols (cadr m-dims))) (cond ((/= m-rows m-cols) (error "Non-square matrix")) ((zerop exp) (matrix-identity m-rows)) ((= 1 exp) (do ((rarr (make-array (list m-rows m-cols)) rarr) (cc 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) 0 (1+ cc))) (cr 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (aref matrix cr cc)))) ((zerop (mod exp 2)) (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ exp 2)))) (multiply-matrices me2 me2))) (t (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ (1- exp) 2)))) (multiply-matrices matrix (multiply-matrices me2 me2)))))))
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Common_Lisp to Go.
(defun multiply-matrices (matrix-0 matrix-1) "Takes two 2D arrays and returns their product, or an error if they cannot be multiplied" (let* ((m0-dims (array-dimensions matrix-0)) (m1-dims (array-dimensions matrix-1)) (m0-dim (length m0-dims)) (m1-dim (length m1-dims))) (if (or (/= 2 m0-dim) (/= 2 m1-dim)) (error "Array given not a matrix") (let ((m0-rows (car m0-dims)) (m0-cols (cadr m0-dims)) (m1-rows (car m1-dims)) (m1-cols (cadr m1-dims))) (if (/= m0-cols m1-rows) (error "Incompatible dimensions") (do ((rarr (make-array (list m0-rows m1-cols) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) 0 (1+ n))) (cc 0 (if (= n (1- m0-cols)) (if (/= cc (1- m1-cols)) (1+ cc) 0) cc)) (cr 0 (if (and (= (1- m0-cols) n) (= (1- m1-cols) cc)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m0-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (+ (aref rarr cr cc) (* (aref matrix-0 cr n) (aref matrix-1 n cc)))))))))) (defun matrix-identity (dim) "Creates a new identity matrix of size dim*dim" (do ((rarr (make-array (list dim dim) :initial-element 0) rarr) (n 0 (1+ n))) ((= n dim) rarr) (setf (aref rarr n n) 1))) (defun matrix-expt (matrix exp) "Takes the first argument (a matrix) and multiplies it by itself exp times" (let* ((m-dims (array-dimensions matrix)) (m-rows (car m-dims)) (m-cols (cadr m-dims))) (cond ((/= m-rows m-cols) (error "Non-square matrix")) ((zerop exp) (matrix-identity m-rows)) ((= 1 exp) (do ((rarr (make-array (list m-rows m-cols)) rarr) (cc 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) 0 (1+ cc))) (cr 0 (if (= cc (1- m-cols)) (1+ cr) cr))) ((= cr m-rows) rarr) (setf (aref rarr cr cc) (aref matrix cr cc)))) ((zerop (mod exp 2)) (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ exp 2)))) (multiply-matrices me2 me2))) (t (let ((me2 (matrix-expt matrix (/ (1- exp) 2)))) (multiply-matrices matrix (multiply-matrices me2 me2)))))))
package main import "fmt" type vector = []float64 type matrix []vector func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func identityMatrix(n int) matrix { if n < 1 { panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1") } ident := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { ident[i] = make(vector, n) ident[i][i] = 1 } return ident } func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix { le := len(m) if le != len(m[0]) { panic("Not a square matrix") } switch { case n < 0: panic("Negative exponents not supported") case n == 0: return identityMatrix(le) case n == 1: return m } pow := identityMatrix(le) base := m e := n for e > 0 { if (e & 1) == 1 { pow = pow.mul(base) } e >>= 1 base = base.mul(base) } return pow } func main() { m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}} for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**") fmt.Println(m.pow(i)) fmt.Println() } }
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the D version.
import std.stdio, std.string, std.math, std.array, std.algorithm; struct SquareMat(T = creal) { public static string fmt = "%8.3f"; private alias TM = T[][]; private TM a; public this(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(side > 0); } body { a = new TM(side, side); } public this(in TM m) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(!m.empty); assert(m.all!(row => row.length == m.length)); } body { a.length = m.length; foreach (immutable i, const row; m) a[i] = row.dup; } string toString() const @safe { return format("<%(%(" ~ fmt ~ ", %)\n %)>", a); } public static SquareMat identity(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe { auto m = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r, ref row; m.a) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) row[c] = (r == c) ? 1+0i : 0+0i; return m; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"*")(in SquareMat other) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert (a.length == other.a.length); } body { immutable side = other.a.length; auto d = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r; 0 .. side) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) { d.a[r][c] = 0+0i; foreach (immutable k, immutable ark; a[r]) d.a[r][c] += ark * other.a[k][c]; } return d; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"^^")(int n) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert(n >= 0, "Negative exponent not implemented."); } body { auto sq = SquareMat(this.a); auto d = SquareMat.identity(a.length); for (; n > 0; sq = sq * sq, n >>= 1) if (n & 1) d = d * sq; return d; } } void main() { alias M = SquareMat!(); enum real q = 0.5.sqrt; immutable m = M([[ q + 0*1.0Li, q + 0*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L - q*1.0Li, 0.0L + q*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 1.0Li]]); M.fmt = "%5.2f"; foreach (immutable p; [0, 1, 23, 24]) writefln("m ^^ %d =\n%s", p, m ^^ p); }
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Translate the given D code snippet into C# without altering its behavior.
import std.stdio, std.string, std.math, std.array, std.algorithm; struct SquareMat(T = creal) { public static string fmt = "%8.3f"; private alias TM = T[][]; private TM a; public this(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(side > 0); } body { a = new TM(side, side); } public this(in TM m) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(!m.empty); assert(m.all!(row => row.length == m.length)); } body { a.length = m.length; foreach (immutable i, const row; m) a[i] = row.dup; } string toString() const @safe { return format("<%(%(" ~ fmt ~ ", %)\n %)>", a); } public static SquareMat identity(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe { auto m = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r, ref row; m.a) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) row[c] = (r == c) ? 1+0i : 0+0i; return m; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"*")(in SquareMat other) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert (a.length == other.a.length); } body { immutable side = other.a.length; auto d = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r; 0 .. side) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) { d.a[r][c] = 0+0i; foreach (immutable k, immutable ark; a[r]) d.a[r][c] += ark * other.a[k][c]; } return d; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"^^")(int n) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert(n >= 0, "Negative exponent not implemented."); } body { auto sq = SquareMat(this.a); auto d = SquareMat.identity(a.length); for (; n > 0; sq = sq * sq, n >>= 1) if (n & 1) d = d * sq; return d; } } void main() { alias M = SquareMat!(); enum real q = 0.5.sqrt; immutable m = M([[ q + 0*1.0Li, q + 0*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L - q*1.0Li, 0.0L + q*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 1.0Li]]); M.fmt = "%5.2f"; foreach (immutable p; [0, 1, 23, 24]) writefln("m ^^ %d =\n%s", p, m ^^ p); }
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Write a version of this D function in C++ with identical behavior.
import std.stdio, std.string, std.math, std.array, std.algorithm; struct SquareMat(T = creal) { public static string fmt = "%8.3f"; private alias TM = T[][]; private TM a; public this(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(side > 0); } body { a = new TM(side, side); } public this(in TM m) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(!m.empty); assert(m.all!(row => row.length == m.length)); } body { a.length = m.length; foreach (immutable i, const row; m) a[i] = row.dup; } string toString() const @safe { return format("<%(%(" ~ fmt ~ ", %)\n %)>", a); } public static SquareMat identity(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe { auto m = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r, ref row; m.a) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) row[c] = (r == c) ? 1+0i : 0+0i; return m; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"*")(in SquareMat other) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert (a.length == other.a.length); } body { immutable side = other.a.length; auto d = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r; 0 .. side) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) { d.a[r][c] = 0+0i; foreach (immutable k, immutable ark; a[r]) d.a[r][c] += ark * other.a[k][c]; } return d; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"^^")(int n) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert(n >= 0, "Negative exponent not implemented."); } body { auto sq = SquareMat(this.a); auto d = SquareMat.identity(a.length); for (; n > 0; sq = sq * sq, n >>= 1) if (n & 1) d = d * sq; return d; } } void main() { alias M = SquareMat!(); enum real q = 0.5.sqrt; immutable m = M([[ q + 0*1.0Li, q + 0*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L - q*1.0Li, 0.0L + q*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 1.0Li]]); M.fmt = "%5.2f"; foreach (immutable p; [0, 1, 23, 24]) writefln("m ^^ %d =\n%s", p, m ^^ p); }
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Convert this D block to Python, preserving its control flow and logic.
import std.stdio, std.string, std.math, std.array, std.algorithm; struct SquareMat(T = creal) { public static string fmt = "%8.3f"; private alias TM = T[][]; private TM a; public this(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(side > 0); } body { a = new TM(side, side); } public this(in TM m) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(!m.empty); assert(m.all!(row => row.length == m.length)); } body { a.length = m.length; foreach (immutable i, const row; m) a[i] = row.dup; } string toString() const @safe { return format("<%(%(" ~ fmt ~ ", %)\n %)>", a); } public static SquareMat identity(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe { auto m = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r, ref row; m.a) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) row[c] = (r == c) ? 1+0i : 0+0i; return m; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"*")(in SquareMat other) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert (a.length == other.a.length); } body { immutable side = other.a.length; auto d = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r; 0 .. side) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) { d.a[r][c] = 0+0i; foreach (immutable k, immutable ark; a[r]) d.a[r][c] += ark * other.a[k][c]; } return d; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"^^")(int n) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert(n >= 0, "Negative exponent not implemented."); } body { auto sq = SquareMat(this.a); auto d = SquareMat.identity(a.length); for (; n > 0; sq = sq * sq, n >>= 1) if (n & 1) d = d * sq; return d; } } void main() { alias M = SquareMat!(); enum real q = 0.5.sqrt; immutable m = M([[ q + 0*1.0Li, q + 0*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L - q*1.0Li, 0.0L + q*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 1.0Li]]); M.fmt = "%5.2f"; foreach (immutable p; [0, 1, 23, 24]) writefln("m ^^ %d =\n%s", p, m ^^ p); }
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Generate an equivalent VB version of this D code.
import std.stdio, std.string, std.math, std.array, std.algorithm; struct SquareMat(T = creal) { public static string fmt = "%8.3f"; private alias TM = T[][]; private TM a; public this(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(side > 0); } body { a = new TM(side, side); } public this(in TM m) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(!m.empty); assert(m.all!(row => row.length == m.length)); } body { a.length = m.length; foreach (immutable i, const row; m) a[i] = row.dup; } string toString() const @safe { return format("<%(%(" ~ fmt ~ ", %)\n %)>", a); } public static SquareMat identity(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe { auto m = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r, ref row; m.a) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) row[c] = (r == c) ? 1+0i : 0+0i; return m; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"*")(in SquareMat other) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert (a.length == other.a.length); } body { immutable side = other.a.length; auto d = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r; 0 .. side) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) { d.a[r][c] = 0+0i; foreach (immutable k, immutable ark; a[r]) d.a[r][c] += ark * other.a[k][c]; } return d; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"^^")(int n) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert(n >= 0, "Negative exponent not implemented."); } body { auto sq = SquareMat(this.a); auto d = SquareMat.identity(a.length); for (; n > 0; sq = sq * sq, n >>= 1) if (n & 1) d = d * sq; return d; } } void main() { alias M = SquareMat!(); enum real q = 0.5.sqrt; immutable m = M([[ q + 0*1.0Li, q + 0*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L - q*1.0Li, 0.0L + q*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 1.0Li]]); M.fmt = "%5.2f"; foreach (immutable p; [0, 1, 23, 24]) writefln("m ^^ %d =\n%s", p, m ^^ p); }
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this D implementation.
import std.stdio, std.string, std.math, std.array, std.algorithm; struct SquareMat(T = creal) { public static string fmt = "%8.3f"; private alias TM = T[][]; private TM a; public this(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(side > 0); } body { a = new TM(side, side); } public this(in TM m) pure nothrow @safe in { assert(!m.empty); assert(m.all!(row => row.length == m.length)); } body { a.length = m.length; foreach (immutable i, const row; m) a[i] = row.dup; } string toString() const @safe { return format("<%(%(" ~ fmt ~ ", %)\n %)>", a); } public static SquareMat identity(in size_t side) pure nothrow @safe { auto m = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r, ref row; m.a) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) row[c] = (r == c) ? 1+0i : 0+0i; return m; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"*")(in SquareMat other) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert (a.length == other.a.length); } body { immutable side = other.a.length; auto d = SquareMat(side); foreach (immutable r; 0 .. side) foreach (immutable c; 0 .. side) { d.a[r][c] = 0+0i; foreach (immutable k, immutable ark; a[r]) d.a[r][c] += ark * other.a[k][c]; } return d; } public SquareMat opBinary(string op:"^^")(int n) const pure nothrow @safe in { assert(n >= 0, "Negative exponent not implemented."); } body { auto sq = SquareMat(this.a); auto d = SquareMat.identity(a.length); for (; n > 0; sq = sq * sq, n >>= 1) if (n & 1) d = d * sq; return d; } } void main() { alias M = SquareMat!(); enum real q = 0.5.sqrt; immutable m = M([[ q + 0*1.0Li, q + 0*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L - q*1.0Li, 0.0L + q*1.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li], [0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 0.0Li, 0.0L + 1.0Li]]); M.fmt = "%5.2f"; foreach (immutable p; [0, 1, 23, 24]) writefln("m ^^ %d =\n%s", p, m ^^ p); }
package main import "fmt" type vector = []float64 type matrix []vector func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func identityMatrix(n int) matrix { if n < 1 { panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1") } ident := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { ident[i] = make(vector, n) ident[i][i] = 1 } return ident } func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix { le := len(m) if le != len(m[0]) { panic("Not a square matrix") } switch { case n < 0: panic("Negative exponents not supported") case n == 0: return identityMatrix(le) case n == 1: return m } pow := identityMatrix(le) base := m e := n for e > 0 { if (e & 1) == 1 { pow = pow.mul(base) } e >>= 1 base = base.mul(base) } return pow } func main() { m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}} for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**") fmt.Println(m.pow(i)) fmt.Println() } }
Translate the given Delphi code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
program Matrix_exponentiation_operator; uses System.SysUtils; type TCells = array of array of double; TMatrix = record private FCells: TCells; function GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; procedure SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); class operator Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; class operator BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; class operator Multiply(a: TMatrix; b: TMatrix): TMatrix; public constructor Create(w, h: integer); overload; constructor Create(c: TCells); overload; constructor Ident(size: Integer); function Rows: Integer; function Columns: Integer; property Cells[r, c: Integer]: Double read GetCells write SetCells; default; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(c: TCells); begin Create(Length(c), Length(c[0])); FCells := c; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(w, h: integer); begin SetLength(FCells, w, h); end; class operator TMatrix.BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; begin if e < 0 then raise Exception.Create('Matrix inversion not implemented'); Result.Ident(a.Rows); while e > 0 do begin Result := Result * a; dec(e); end; end; function TMatrix.Rows: Integer; begin Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.Columns: Integer; begin Result := 0; if Rows > 0 then Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; begin Result := FCells[r, c]; end; constructor TMatrix.Ident(size: Integer); var i: Integer; begin Create(size, size); for i := 0 to size - 1 do Cells[i, i] := 1; end; class operator TMatrix.Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; var i, j: Integer; begin Result := '['; if a.Rows > 0 then for i := 0 to a.Rows - 1 do begin if i > 0 then Result := Trim(Result) + ']'#10'['; for j := 0 to a.Columns - 1 do begin Result := Result + Format('%f', [a[i, j]]) + ' '; end; end; Result := trim(Result) + ']'; end; class operator TMatrix.Multiply(a, b: TMatrix): TMatrix; var size: Integer; r: Integer; c: Integer; k: Integer; begin if (a.Rows <> b.Rows) or (a.Columns <> b.Columns) then raise Exception.Create('The matrix must have same size'); size := a.Rows; Result.Create(size, size); for r := 0 to size - 1 do for c := 0 to size - 1 do begin Result[r, c] := 0; for k := 0 to size - 1 do Result[r, c] := Result[r, c] + a[r, k] * b[k, c]; end; end; procedure TMatrix.SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); begin FCells[r, c] := Value; end; var M: TMatrix; begin M.Create([[3, 2], [2, 1]]); Writeln(string(M xor 0), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 1), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 2), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 3), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 4), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 50), #10); Readln; end.
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Delphi to C#.
program Matrix_exponentiation_operator; uses System.SysUtils; type TCells = array of array of double; TMatrix = record private FCells: TCells; function GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; procedure SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); class operator Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; class operator BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; class operator Multiply(a: TMatrix; b: TMatrix): TMatrix; public constructor Create(w, h: integer); overload; constructor Create(c: TCells); overload; constructor Ident(size: Integer); function Rows: Integer; function Columns: Integer; property Cells[r, c: Integer]: Double read GetCells write SetCells; default; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(c: TCells); begin Create(Length(c), Length(c[0])); FCells := c; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(w, h: integer); begin SetLength(FCells, w, h); end; class operator TMatrix.BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; begin if e < 0 then raise Exception.Create('Matrix inversion not implemented'); Result.Ident(a.Rows); while e > 0 do begin Result := Result * a; dec(e); end; end; function TMatrix.Rows: Integer; begin Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.Columns: Integer; begin Result := 0; if Rows > 0 then Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; begin Result := FCells[r, c]; end; constructor TMatrix.Ident(size: Integer); var i: Integer; begin Create(size, size); for i := 0 to size - 1 do Cells[i, i] := 1; end; class operator TMatrix.Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; var i, j: Integer; begin Result := '['; if a.Rows > 0 then for i := 0 to a.Rows - 1 do begin if i > 0 then Result := Trim(Result) + ']'#10'['; for j := 0 to a.Columns - 1 do begin Result := Result + Format('%f', [a[i, j]]) + ' '; end; end; Result := trim(Result) + ']'; end; class operator TMatrix.Multiply(a, b: TMatrix): TMatrix; var size: Integer; r: Integer; c: Integer; k: Integer; begin if (a.Rows <> b.Rows) or (a.Columns <> b.Columns) then raise Exception.Create('The matrix must have same size'); size := a.Rows; Result.Create(size, size); for r := 0 to size - 1 do for c := 0 to size - 1 do begin Result[r, c] := 0; for k := 0 to size - 1 do Result[r, c] := Result[r, c] + a[r, k] * b[k, c]; end; end; procedure TMatrix.SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); begin FCells[r, c] := Value; end; var M: TMatrix; begin M.Create([[3, 2], [2, 1]]); Writeln(string(M xor 0), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 1), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 2), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 3), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 4), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 50), #10); Readln; end.
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Transform the following Delphi implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
program Matrix_exponentiation_operator; uses System.SysUtils; type TCells = array of array of double; TMatrix = record private FCells: TCells; function GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; procedure SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); class operator Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; class operator BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; class operator Multiply(a: TMatrix; b: TMatrix): TMatrix; public constructor Create(w, h: integer); overload; constructor Create(c: TCells); overload; constructor Ident(size: Integer); function Rows: Integer; function Columns: Integer; property Cells[r, c: Integer]: Double read GetCells write SetCells; default; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(c: TCells); begin Create(Length(c), Length(c[0])); FCells := c; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(w, h: integer); begin SetLength(FCells, w, h); end; class operator TMatrix.BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; begin if e < 0 then raise Exception.Create('Matrix inversion not implemented'); Result.Ident(a.Rows); while e > 0 do begin Result := Result * a; dec(e); end; end; function TMatrix.Rows: Integer; begin Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.Columns: Integer; begin Result := 0; if Rows > 0 then Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; begin Result := FCells[r, c]; end; constructor TMatrix.Ident(size: Integer); var i: Integer; begin Create(size, size); for i := 0 to size - 1 do Cells[i, i] := 1; end; class operator TMatrix.Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; var i, j: Integer; begin Result := '['; if a.Rows > 0 then for i := 0 to a.Rows - 1 do begin if i > 0 then Result := Trim(Result) + ']'#10'['; for j := 0 to a.Columns - 1 do begin Result := Result + Format('%f', [a[i, j]]) + ' '; end; end; Result := trim(Result) + ']'; end; class operator TMatrix.Multiply(a, b: TMatrix): TMatrix; var size: Integer; r: Integer; c: Integer; k: Integer; begin if (a.Rows <> b.Rows) or (a.Columns <> b.Columns) then raise Exception.Create('The matrix must have same size'); size := a.Rows; Result.Create(size, size); for r := 0 to size - 1 do for c := 0 to size - 1 do begin Result[r, c] := 0; for k := 0 to size - 1 do Result[r, c] := Result[r, c] + a[r, k] * b[k, c]; end; end; procedure TMatrix.SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); begin FCells[r, c] := Value; end; var M: TMatrix; begin M.Create([[3, 2], [2, 1]]); Writeln(string(M xor 0), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 1), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 2), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 3), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 4), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 50), #10); Readln; end.
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Change the following Delphi code into Python without altering its purpose.
program Matrix_exponentiation_operator; uses System.SysUtils; type TCells = array of array of double; TMatrix = record private FCells: TCells; function GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; procedure SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); class operator Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; class operator BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; class operator Multiply(a: TMatrix; b: TMatrix): TMatrix; public constructor Create(w, h: integer); overload; constructor Create(c: TCells); overload; constructor Ident(size: Integer); function Rows: Integer; function Columns: Integer; property Cells[r, c: Integer]: Double read GetCells write SetCells; default; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(c: TCells); begin Create(Length(c), Length(c[0])); FCells := c; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(w, h: integer); begin SetLength(FCells, w, h); end; class operator TMatrix.BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; begin if e < 0 then raise Exception.Create('Matrix inversion not implemented'); Result.Ident(a.Rows); while e > 0 do begin Result := Result * a; dec(e); end; end; function TMatrix.Rows: Integer; begin Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.Columns: Integer; begin Result := 0; if Rows > 0 then Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; begin Result := FCells[r, c]; end; constructor TMatrix.Ident(size: Integer); var i: Integer; begin Create(size, size); for i := 0 to size - 1 do Cells[i, i] := 1; end; class operator TMatrix.Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; var i, j: Integer; begin Result := '['; if a.Rows > 0 then for i := 0 to a.Rows - 1 do begin if i > 0 then Result := Trim(Result) + ']'#10'['; for j := 0 to a.Columns - 1 do begin Result := Result + Format('%f', [a[i, j]]) + ' '; end; end; Result := trim(Result) + ']'; end; class operator TMatrix.Multiply(a, b: TMatrix): TMatrix; var size: Integer; r: Integer; c: Integer; k: Integer; begin if (a.Rows <> b.Rows) or (a.Columns <> b.Columns) then raise Exception.Create('The matrix must have same size'); size := a.Rows; Result.Create(size, size); for r := 0 to size - 1 do for c := 0 to size - 1 do begin Result[r, c] := 0; for k := 0 to size - 1 do Result[r, c] := Result[r, c] + a[r, k] * b[k, c]; end; end; procedure TMatrix.SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); begin FCells[r, c] := Value; end; var M: TMatrix; begin M.Create([[3, 2], [2, 1]]); Writeln(string(M xor 0), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 1), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 2), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 3), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 4), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 50), #10); Readln; end.
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Change the programming language of this snippet from Delphi to VB without modifying what it does.
program Matrix_exponentiation_operator; uses System.SysUtils; type TCells = array of array of double; TMatrix = record private FCells: TCells; function GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; procedure SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); class operator Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; class operator BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; class operator Multiply(a: TMatrix; b: TMatrix): TMatrix; public constructor Create(w, h: integer); overload; constructor Create(c: TCells); overload; constructor Ident(size: Integer); function Rows: Integer; function Columns: Integer; property Cells[r, c: Integer]: Double read GetCells write SetCells; default; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(c: TCells); begin Create(Length(c), Length(c[0])); FCells := c; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(w, h: integer); begin SetLength(FCells, w, h); end; class operator TMatrix.BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; begin if e < 0 then raise Exception.Create('Matrix inversion not implemented'); Result.Ident(a.Rows); while e > 0 do begin Result := Result * a; dec(e); end; end; function TMatrix.Rows: Integer; begin Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.Columns: Integer; begin Result := 0; if Rows > 0 then Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; begin Result := FCells[r, c]; end; constructor TMatrix.Ident(size: Integer); var i: Integer; begin Create(size, size); for i := 0 to size - 1 do Cells[i, i] := 1; end; class operator TMatrix.Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; var i, j: Integer; begin Result := '['; if a.Rows > 0 then for i := 0 to a.Rows - 1 do begin if i > 0 then Result := Trim(Result) + ']'#10'['; for j := 0 to a.Columns - 1 do begin Result := Result + Format('%f', [a[i, j]]) + ' '; end; end; Result := trim(Result) + ']'; end; class operator TMatrix.Multiply(a, b: TMatrix): TMatrix; var size: Integer; r: Integer; c: Integer; k: Integer; begin if (a.Rows <> b.Rows) or (a.Columns <> b.Columns) then raise Exception.Create('The matrix must have same size'); size := a.Rows; Result.Create(size, size); for r := 0 to size - 1 do for c := 0 to size - 1 do begin Result[r, c] := 0; for k := 0 to size - 1 do Result[r, c] := Result[r, c] + a[r, k] * b[k, c]; end; end; procedure TMatrix.SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); begin FCells[r, c] := Value; end; var M: TMatrix; begin M.Create([[3, 2], [2, 1]]); Writeln(string(M xor 0), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 1), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 2), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 3), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 4), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 50), #10); Readln; end.
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Translate this program into Go but keep the logic exactly as in Delphi.
program Matrix_exponentiation_operator; uses System.SysUtils; type TCells = array of array of double; TMatrix = record private FCells: TCells; function GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; procedure SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); class operator Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; class operator BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; class operator Multiply(a: TMatrix; b: TMatrix): TMatrix; public constructor Create(w, h: integer); overload; constructor Create(c: TCells); overload; constructor Ident(size: Integer); function Rows: Integer; function Columns: Integer; property Cells[r, c: Integer]: Double read GetCells write SetCells; default; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(c: TCells); begin Create(Length(c), Length(c[0])); FCells := c; end; constructor TMatrix.Create(w, h: integer); begin SetLength(FCells, w, h); end; class operator TMatrix.BitwiseXor(a: TMatrix; e: Integer): TMatrix; begin if e < 0 then raise Exception.Create('Matrix inversion not implemented'); Result.Ident(a.Rows); while e > 0 do begin Result := Result * a; dec(e); end; end; function TMatrix.Rows: Integer; begin Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.Columns: Integer; begin Result := 0; if Rows > 0 then Result := Length(FCells); end; function TMatrix.GetCells(r, c: Integer): Double; begin Result := FCells[r, c]; end; constructor TMatrix.Ident(size: Integer); var i: Integer; begin Create(size, size); for i := 0 to size - 1 do Cells[i, i] := 1; end; class operator TMatrix.Implicit(a: TMatrix): string; var i, j: Integer; begin Result := '['; if a.Rows > 0 then for i := 0 to a.Rows - 1 do begin if i > 0 then Result := Trim(Result) + ']'#10'['; for j := 0 to a.Columns - 1 do begin Result := Result + Format('%f', [a[i, j]]) + ' '; end; end; Result := trim(Result) + ']'; end; class operator TMatrix.Multiply(a, b: TMatrix): TMatrix; var size: Integer; r: Integer; c: Integer; k: Integer; begin if (a.Rows <> b.Rows) or (a.Columns <> b.Columns) then raise Exception.Create('The matrix must have same size'); size := a.Rows; Result.Create(size, size); for r := 0 to size - 1 do for c := 0 to size - 1 do begin Result[r, c] := 0; for k := 0 to size - 1 do Result[r, c] := Result[r, c] + a[r, k] * b[k, c]; end; end; procedure TMatrix.SetCells(r, c: Integer; const Value: Double); begin FCells[r, c] := Value; end; var M: TMatrix; begin M.Create([[3, 2], [2, 1]]); Writeln(string(M xor 0), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 1), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 2), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 3), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 4), #10); Writeln(string(M xor 50), #10); Readln; end.
package main import "fmt" type vector = []float64 type matrix []vector func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func identityMatrix(n int) matrix { if n < 1 { panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1") } ident := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { ident[i] = make(vector, n) ident[i][i] = 1 } return ident } func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix { le := len(m) if le != len(m[0]) { panic("Not a square matrix") } switch { case n < 0: panic("Negative exponents not supported") case n == 0: return identityMatrix(le) case n == 1: return m } pow := identityMatrix(le) base := m e := n for e > 0 { if (e & 1) == 1 { pow = pow.mul(base) } e >>= 1 base = base.mul(base) } return pow } func main() { m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}} for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**") fmt.Println(m.pow(i)) fmt.Println() } }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Factor code.
USING: kernel math math.matrices sequences ; : my-m^n ( m n -- m' ) dup 0 < [ "no negative exponents" throw ] [ [ drop length identity-matrix ] [ swap '[ _ m. ] times ] 2bi ] if ;
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C# while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Factor version.
USING: kernel math math.matrices sequences ; : my-m^n ( m n -- m' ) dup 0 < [ "no negative exponents" throw ] [ [ drop length identity-matrix ] [ swap '[ _ m. ] times ] 2bi ] if ;
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Convert this Factor block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic.
USING: kernel math math.matrices sequences ; : my-m^n ( m n -- m' ) dup 0 < [ "no negative exponents" throw ] [ [ drop length identity-matrix ] [ swap '[ _ m. ] times ] 2bi ] if ;
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Port the provided Factor code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
USING: kernel math math.matrices sequences ; : my-m^n ( m n -- m' ) dup 0 < [ "no negative exponents" throw ] [ [ drop length identity-matrix ] [ swap '[ _ m. ] times ] 2bi ] if ;
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Please provide an equivalent version of this Factor code in VB.
USING: kernel math math.matrices sequences ; : my-m^n ( m n -- m' ) dup 0 < [ "no negative exponents" throw ] [ [ drop length identity-matrix ] [ swap '[ _ m. ] times ] 2bi ] if ;
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Convert the following code from Factor to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
USING: kernel math math.matrices sequences ; : my-m^n ( m n -- m' ) dup 0 < [ "no negative exponents" throw ] [ [ drop length identity-matrix ] [ swap '[ _ m. ] times ] 2bi ] if ;
package main import "fmt" type vector = []float64 type matrix []vector func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func identityMatrix(n int) matrix { if n < 1 { panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1") } ident := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { ident[i] = make(vector, n) ident[i][i] = 1 } return ident } func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix { le := len(m) if le != len(m[0]) { panic("Not a square matrix") } switch { case n < 0: panic("Negative exponents not supported") case n == 0: return identityMatrix(le) case n == 1: return m } pow := identityMatrix(le) base := m e := n for e > 0 { if (e & 1) == 1 { pow = pow.mul(base) } e >>= 1 base = base.mul(base) } return pow } func main() { m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}} for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**") fmt.Println(m.pow(i)) fmt.Println() } }
Translate the given Fortran code snippet into C# without altering its behavior.
module matmod implicit none interface operator (.matpow.) module procedure matrix_exp end interface contains function matrix_exp(m, n) result (res) real, intent(in) :: m(:,:) integer, intent(in) :: n real :: res(size(m,1),size(m,2)) integer :: i if(n == 0) then res = 0 do i = 1, size(m,1) res(i,i) = 1 end do return end if res = m do i = 2, n res = matmul(res, m) end do end function matrix_exp end module matmod program Matrix_exponentiation use matmod implicit none integer, parameter :: n = 3 real, dimension(n,n) :: m1, m2 integer :: i, j m1 = reshape((/ (i, i = 1, n*n) /), (/ n, n /), order = (/ 2, 1 /)) do i = 0, 4 m2 = m1 .matpow. i do j = 1, size(m2,1) write(*,*) m2(j,:) end do write(*,*) end do end program Matrix_exponentiation
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Translate this program into C++ but keep the logic exactly as in Fortran.
module matmod implicit none interface operator (.matpow.) module procedure matrix_exp end interface contains function matrix_exp(m, n) result (res) real, intent(in) :: m(:,:) integer, intent(in) :: n real :: res(size(m,1),size(m,2)) integer :: i if(n == 0) then res = 0 do i = 1, size(m,1) res(i,i) = 1 end do return end if res = m do i = 2, n res = matmul(res, m) end do end function matrix_exp end module matmod program Matrix_exponentiation use matmod implicit none integer, parameter :: n = 3 real, dimension(n,n) :: m1, m2 integer :: i, j m1 = reshape((/ (i, i = 1, n*n) /), (/ n, n /), order = (/ 2, 1 /)) do i = 0, 4 m2 = m1 .matpow. i do j = 1, size(m2,1) write(*,*) m2(j,:) end do write(*,*) end do end program Matrix_exponentiation
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Transform the following Fortran implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic.
module matmod implicit none interface operator (.matpow.) module procedure matrix_exp end interface contains function matrix_exp(m, n) result (res) real, intent(in) :: m(:,:) integer, intent(in) :: n real :: res(size(m,1),size(m,2)) integer :: i if(n == 0) then res = 0 do i = 1, size(m,1) res(i,i) = 1 end do return end if res = m do i = 2, n res = matmul(res, m) end do end function matrix_exp end module matmod program Matrix_exponentiation use matmod implicit none integer, parameter :: n = 3 real, dimension(n,n) :: m1, m2 integer :: i, j m1 = reshape((/ (i, i = 1, n*n) /), (/ n, n /), order = (/ 2, 1 /)) do i = 0, 4 m2 = m1 .matpow. i do j = 1, size(m2,1) write(*,*) m2(j,:) end do write(*,*) end do end program Matrix_exponentiation
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Fortran code.
module matmod implicit none interface operator (.matpow.) module procedure matrix_exp end interface contains function matrix_exp(m, n) result (res) real, intent(in) :: m(:,:) integer, intent(in) :: n real :: res(size(m,1),size(m,2)) integer :: i if(n == 0) then res = 0 do i = 1, size(m,1) res(i,i) = 1 end do return end if res = m do i = 2, n res = matmul(res, m) end do end function matrix_exp end module matmod program Matrix_exponentiation use matmod implicit none integer, parameter :: n = 3 real, dimension(n,n) :: m1, m2 integer :: i, j m1 = reshape((/ (i, i = 1, n*n) /), (/ n, n /), order = (/ 2, 1 /)) do i = 0, 4 m2 = m1 .matpow. i do j = 1, size(m2,1) write(*,*) m2(j,:) end do write(*,*) end do end program Matrix_exponentiation
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Ensure the translated VB code behaves exactly like the original Fortran snippet.
module matmod implicit none interface operator (.matpow.) module procedure matrix_exp end interface contains function matrix_exp(m, n) result (res) real, intent(in) :: m(:,:) integer, intent(in) :: n real :: res(size(m,1),size(m,2)) integer :: i if(n == 0) then res = 0 do i = 1, size(m,1) res(i,i) = 1 end do return end if res = m do i = 2, n res = matmul(res, m) end do end function matrix_exp end module matmod program Matrix_exponentiation use matmod implicit none integer, parameter :: n = 3 real, dimension(n,n) :: m1, m2 integer :: i, j m1 = reshape((/ (i, i = 1, n*n) /), (/ n, n /), order = (/ 2, 1 /)) do i = 0, 4 m2 = m1 .matpow. i do j = 1, size(m2,1) write(*,*) m2(j,:) end do write(*,*) end do end program Matrix_exponentiation
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
import Data.List (transpose) (<+>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] (<+>) = zipWith (+) (<*>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> a (<*>) = (sum .) . zipWith (*) newtype Mat a = Mat [[a]] deriving (Eq, Show) instance Num a => Num (Mat a) where negate (Mat x) = Mat $ map (map negate) x Mat x + Mat y = Mat $ zipWith (<+>) x y Mat x * Mat y = Mat [ [ xs Main.<*> ys | ys <- transpose y ] | xs <- x ] abs = undefined fromInteger _ = undefined signum = undefined main :: IO () main = print $ Mat [[1, 2], [0, 1]] ^ 4
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Port the following code from Haskell to C# with equivalent syntax and logic.
import Data.List (transpose) (<+>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] (<+>) = zipWith (+) (<*>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> a (<*>) = (sum .) . zipWith (*) newtype Mat a = Mat [[a]] deriving (Eq, Show) instance Num a => Num (Mat a) where negate (Mat x) = Mat $ map (map negate) x Mat x + Mat y = Mat $ zipWith (<+>) x y Mat x * Mat y = Mat [ [ xs Main.<*> ys | ys <- transpose y ] | xs <- x ] abs = undefined fromInteger _ = undefined signum = undefined main :: IO () main = print $ Mat [[1, 2], [0, 1]] ^ 4
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Generate a C++ translation of this Haskell snippet without changing its computational steps.
import Data.List (transpose) (<+>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] (<+>) = zipWith (+) (<*>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> a (<*>) = (sum .) . zipWith (*) newtype Mat a = Mat [[a]] deriving (Eq, Show) instance Num a => Num (Mat a) where negate (Mat x) = Mat $ map (map negate) x Mat x + Mat y = Mat $ zipWith (<+>) x y Mat x * Mat y = Mat [ [ xs Main.<*> ys | ys <- transpose y ] | xs <- x ] abs = undefined fromInteger _ = undefined signum = undefined main :: IO () main = print $ Mat [[1, 2], [0, 1]] ^ 4
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Port the provided Haskell code into Python while preserving the original functionality.
import Data.List (transpose) (<+>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] (<+>) = zipWith (+) (<*>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> a (<*>) = (sum .) . zipWith (*) newtype Mat a = Mat [[a]] deriving (Eq, Show) instance Num a => Num (Mat a) where negate (Mat x) = Mat $ map (map negate) x Mat x + Mat y = Mat $ zipWith (<+>) x y Mat x * Mat y = Mat [ [ xs Main.<*> ys | ys <- transpose y ] | xs <- x ] abs = undefined fromInteger _ = undefined signum = undefined main :: IO () main = print $ Mat [[1, 2], [0, 1]] ^ 4
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in VB.
import Data.List (transpose) (<+>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] (<+>) = zipWith (+) (<*>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> a (<*>) = (sum .) . zipWith (*) newtype Mat a = Mat [[a]] deriving (Eq, Show) instance Num a => Num (Mat a) where negate (Mat x) = Mat $ map (map negate) x Mat x + Mat y = Mat $ zipWith (<+>) x y Mat x * Mat y = Mat [ [ xs Main.<*> ys | ys <- transpose y ] | xs <- x ] abs = undefined fromInteger _ = undefined signum = undefined main :: IO () main = print $ Mat [[1, 2], [0, 1]] ^ 4
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Produce a functionally identical Go code for the snippet given in Haskell.
import Data.List (transpose) (<+>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> [a] (<+>) = zipWith (+) (<*>) :: Num a => [a] -> [a] -> a (<*>) = (sum .) . zipWith (*) newtype Mat a = Mat [[a]] deriving (Eq, Show) instance Num a => Num (Mat a) where negate (Mat x) = Mat $ map (map negate) x Mat x + Mat y = Mat $ zipWith (<+>) x y Mat x * Mat y = Mat [ [ xs Main.<*> ys | ys <- transpose y ] | xs <- x ] abs = undefined fromInteger _ = undefined signum = undefined main :: IO () main = print $ Mat [[1, 2], [0, 1]] ^ 4
package main import "fmt" type vector = []float64 type matrix []vector func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func identityMatrix(n int) matrix { if n < 1 { panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1") } ident := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { ident[i] = make(vector, n) ident[i][i] = 1 } return ident } func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix { le := len(m) if le != len(m[0]) { panic("Not a square matrix") } switch { case n < 0: panic("Negative exponents not supported") case n == 0: return identityMatrix(le) case n == 1: return m } pow := identityMatrix(le) base := m e := n for e > 0 { if (e & 1) == 1 { pow = pow.mul(base) } e >>= 1 base = base.mul(base) } return pow } func main() { m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}} for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**") fmt.Println(m.pow(i)) fmt.Println() } }
Change the following J code into C without altering its purpose.
mp=: +/ .* pow=: pow0=: 4 : 'mp&x^:y =i.#x'
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C#.
mp=: +/ .* pow=: pow0=: 4 : 'mp&x^:y =i.#x'
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Generate a C++ translation of this J snippet without changing its computational steps.
mp=: +/ .* pow=: pow0=: 4 : 'mp&x^:y =i.#x'
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Convert the following code from J to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact.
mp=: +/ .* pow=: pow0=: 4 : 'mp&x^:y =i.#x'
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Please provide an equivalent version of this J code in VB.
mp=: +/ .* pow=: pow0=: 4 : 'mp&x^:y =i.#x'
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original J code.
mp=: +/ .* pow=: pow0=: 4 : 'mp&x^:y =i.#x'
package main import "fmt" type vector = []float64 type matrix []vector func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func identityMatrix(n int) matrix { if n < 1 { panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1") } ident := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { ident[i] = make(vector, n) ident[i][i] = 1 } return ident } func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix { le := len(m) if le != len(m[0]) { panic("Not a square matrix") } switch { case n < 0: panic("Negative exponents not supported") case n == 0: return identityMatrix(le) case n == 1: return m } pow := identityMatrix(le) base := m e := n for e > 0 { if (e & 1) == 1 { pow = pow.mul(base) } e >>= 1 base = base.mul(base) } return pow } func main() { m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}} for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**") fmt.Println(m.pow(i)) fmt.Println() } }
Change the following Julia code into C without altering its purpose.
julia> [1 1 ; 1 0]^10 2x2 Array{Int64,2}: 89 55 55 34
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Julia code in C#.
julia> [1 1 ; 1 0]^10 2x2 Array{Int64,2}: 89 55 55 34
using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using static System.Linq.Enumerable; public static class MatrixExponentation { public static double[,] Identity(int size) { double[,] matrix = new double[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1; return matrix; } public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) { if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException(); double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()]; foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) { m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]); } return m; } public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) { if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square."); double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount()); for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) { accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix); } return accumulator; } private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0); private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1); private static void Print(this double[,] m) { foreach (var row in Rows()) { Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]"); } Console.WriteLine(); IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() => Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column])); } public static void Main() { var matrix = new double[,] { { 3, 2 }, { 2, 1 } }; matrix.Pow(0).Print(); matrix.Pow(1).Print(); matrix.Pow(2).Print(); matrix.Pow(3).Print(); matrix.Pow(4).Print(); matrix.Pow(50).Print(); } }
Write the same algorithm in C++ as shown in this Julia implementation.
julia> [1 1 ; 1 0]^10 2x2 Array{Int64,2}: 89 55 55 34
#include <complex> #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> > class SqMx { typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize]; typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx; private: Ax a; SqMx() { } public: SqMx(const Ax &_a) { for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) a[r][c] = _a[r][c]; } static Mx identity() { Mx m; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0); return m; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p) { for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++) os << p.a[i][j] << ','; os << endl; } return os; } Mx operator*(const Mx &b) { Mx d; for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++) for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) { d.a[r][c] = 0; for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++) d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c]; } return d; }
Transform the following Julia implementation into Python, maintaining the same output and logic.
julia> [1 1 ; 1 0]^10 2x2 Array{Int64,2}: 89 55 55 34
>>> from operator import mul >>> def matrixMul(m1, m2): return map( lambda row: map( lambda *column: sum(map(mul, row, column)), *m2), m1) >>> def identity(size): size = range(size) return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size] >>> def matrixExp(m, pow): assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed" accumulator = identity(len(m)) for i in range(pow): accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m) return accumulator >>> def printtable(data): for row in data: print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row) >>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]] >>> for i in range(5): print '\n%i:' % i printtable( matrixExp(m, i) ) 0: 1 0 0 1 1: 3 2 2 1 2: 13 8 8 5 3: 55 34 34 21 4: 233 144 144 89 >>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) ) 1346269 832040 832040 514229 >>>
Translate this program into VB but keep the logic exactly as in Julia.
julia> [1 1 ; 1 0]^10 2x2 Array{Int64,2}: 89 55 55 34
Option Base 1 Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant Dim I() As Variant ReDim I(n, n) For j = 1 To n For k = 1 To n I(j, k) = 0 Next k Next j For j = 1 To n I(j, j) = 1 Next j Identity = I End Function Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant If n < 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x) n = -n End If If n = 0 Then MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x)) Exit Function End If Dim y() As Variant y = Identity(UBound(x)) Do While n > 1 If n Mod 2 = 0 Then x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = n / 2 Else y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x) n = (n - 1) / 2 End If Loop MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y) End Function Public Sub pp(x As Variant) For i_ = 1 To UBound(x) For j_ = 1 To UBound(x) Debug.Print x(i_, j_), Next j_ Debug.Print Next i_ End Sub Public Sub main() M2 = [{3,2;2,1}] M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}] pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10) Debug.Print pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10) End Sub
Convert the following code from Julia to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
julia> [1 1 ; 1 0]^10 2x2 Array{Int64,2}: 89 55 55 34
package main import "fmt" type vector = []float64 type matrix []vector func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix { rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0]) rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0]) if cols1 != rows2 { panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.") } result := make(matrix, rows1) for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ { result[i] = make(vector, cols2) for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ { for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ { result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } } return result } func identityMatrix(n int) matrix { if n < 1 { panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1") } ident := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { ident[i] = make(vector, n) ident[i][i] = 1 } return ident } func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix { le := len(m) if le != len(m[0]) { panic("Not a square matrix") } switch { case n < 0: panic("Negative exponents not supported") case n == 0: return identityMatrix(le) case n == 1: return m } pow := identityMatrix(le) base := m e := n for e > 0 { if (e & 1) == 1 { pow = pow.mul(base) } e >>= 1 base = base.mul(base) } return pow } func main() { m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}} for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ { fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**") fmt.Println(m.pow(i)) fmt.Println() } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Lua to C, same semantics.
Matrix = {} function Matrix.new( dim_y, dim_x ) assert( dim_y and dim_x ) local matrix = {} local metatab = {} setmetatable( matrix, metatab ) metatab.__add = Matrix.Add metatab.__mul = Matrix.Mul metatab.__pow = Matrix.Pow matrix.dim_y = dim_y matrix.dim_x = dim_x matrix.data = {} for i = 1, dim_y do matrix.data[i] = {} end return matrix end function Matrix.Show( m ) for i = 1, m.dim_y do for j = 1, m.dim_x do io.write( tostring( m.data[i][j] ), " " ) end io.write( "\n" ) end end function Matrix.Add( m, n ) assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_x and m.dim_y == n.dim_y ) local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x ) for i = 1, m.dim_y do for j = 1, m.dim_x do r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j] + n.data[i][j] end end return r end function Matrix.Mul( m, n ) assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_y ) local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, n.dim_x ) for i = 1, m.dim_y do for j = 1, n.dim_x do r.data[i][j] = 0 for k = 1, m.dim_x do r.data[i][j] = r.data[i][j] + m.data[i][k] * n.data[k][j] end end end return r end function Matrix.Pow( m, p ) assert( m.dim_x == m.dim_y ) local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x ) if p == 0 then for i = 1, m.dim_y do for j = 1, m.dim_x do if i == j then r.data[i][j] = 1 else r.data[i][j] = 0 end end end elseif p == 1 then for i = 1, m.dim_y do for j = 1, m.dim_x do r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j] end end else r = m for i = 2, p do r = r * m end end return r end m = Matrix.new( 2, 2 ) m.data = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } } n = m^4; Matrix.Show( n )
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct squareMtxStruct { int dim; double *cells; double **m; } *SquareMtx; typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data); SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data ) { SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct)); if (sm) { int rw; sm->dim = dim; sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double)); sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *)); if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) { for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) { sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw; fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data ); } } else { free(sm->m); free(sm->cells); free(sm); printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n"); return NULL; } } else { printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n"); } return sm; } void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 ) { int col, ix; double sum; double *m0rw = m0->m[rw]; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] ) { SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0]; SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1]; double sum; double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw]; int col, ix; for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) { sum = 0.0; for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++) sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col]; cells[col] = sum; } } void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt) { int rw; SquareMtx mplcnds[2]; mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt; for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++) ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds); } void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v ) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0; cells[rw] = 1.0; } void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1) { int col; for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col]; } void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m ) { free(m->m); free(m->cells); free(m); } SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp ) { SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL); SquareMtx v1 = NULL; SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0); SquareMtx base1 = NULL; SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t; while (exp) { if (exp % 2) { if (v1) MatxMul( v1, v0, base0); else { mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0; v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds); } {t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;} } if (base1) MatxMul( base1, base0, base0); else base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0); t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t; exp = exp/2; } if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0); if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1); if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1); return v0; } FILE *fout; void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn ) { int rw, col; int d = mtx->dim; fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim); for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) { fprintf(fout, " |"); for(col=0; col<d; col++) fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] ); fprintf(fout, " |\n"); } fprintf(fout, "\n"); } void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data) { double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0; double c1 = cos( theta); double s1 = sin( theta); switch(rw) { case 0: cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0; break; case 1: cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0; break; case 2: cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0; break; } } int main() { SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL); SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5); SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9); SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2); fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w"); SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0); SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1); SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2); SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3); fclose(fout); return 0; }