Instruction stringlengths 45 106 | input_code stringlengths 1 13.7k | output_code stringlengths 1 13.7k |
|---|---|---|
Write a version of this Lua function in C# with identical behavior. | Matrix = {}
function Matrix.new( dim_y, dim_x )
assert( dim_y and dim_x )
local matrix = {}
local metatab = {}
setmetatable( matrix, metatab )
metatab.__add = Matrix.Add
metatab.__mul = Matrix.Mul
metatab.__pow = Matrix.Pow
matrix.dim_y = dim_y
matrix.dim_x = dim_x
matrix.data = {}
for i = 1, dim_y do
matrix.data[i] = {}
end
return matrix
end
function Matrix.Show( m )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
io.write( tostring( m.data[i][j] ), " " )
end
io.write( "\n" )
end
end
function Matrix.Add( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_x and m.dim_y == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j] + n.data[i][j]
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Mul( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, n.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, n.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = 0
for k = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = r.data[i][j] + m.data[i][k] * n.data[k][j]
end
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Pow( m, p )
assert( m.dim_x == m.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
if p == 0 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
if i == j then
r.data[i][j] = 1
else
r.data[i][j] = 0
end
end
end
elseif p == 1 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j]
end
end
else
r = m
for i = 2, p do
r = r * m
end
end
return r
end
m = Matrix.new( 2, 2 )
m.data = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } }
n = m^4;
Matrix.Show( n )
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Convert this Lua block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic. | Matrix = {}
function Matrix.new( dim_y, dim_x )
assert( dim_y and dim_x )
local matrix = {}
local metatab = {}
setmetatable( matrix, metatab )
metatab.__add = Matrix.Add
metatab.__mul = Matrix.Mul
metatab.__pow = Matrix.Pow
matrix.dim_y = dim_y
matrix.dim_x = dim_x
matrix.data = {}
for i = 1, dim_y do
matrix.data[i] = {}
end
return matrix
end
function Matrix.Show( m )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
io.write( tostring( m.data[i][j] ), " " )
end
io.write( "\n" )
end
end
function Matrix.Add( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_x and m.dim_y == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j] + n.data[i][j]
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Mul( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, n.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, n.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = 0
for k = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = r.data[i][j] + m.data[i][k] * n.data[k][j]
end
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Pow( m, p )
assert( m.dim_x == m.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
if p == 0 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
if i == j then
r.data[i][j] = 1
else
r.data[i][j] = 0
end
end
end
elseif p == 1 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j]
end
end
else
r = m
for i = 2, p do
r = r * m
end
end
return r
end
m = Matrix.new( 2, 2 )
m.data = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } }
n = m^4;
Matrix.Show( n )
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Translate the given Lua code snippet into Python without altering its behavior. | Matrix = {}
function Matrix.new( dim_y, dim_x )
assert( dim_y and dim_x )
local matrix = {}
local metatab = {}
setmetatable( matrix, metatab )
metatab.__add = Matrix.Add
metatab.__mul = Matrix.Mul
metatab.__pow = Matrix.Pow
matrix.dim_y = dim_y
matrix.dim_x = dim_x
matrix.data = {}
for i = 1, dim_y do
matrix.data[i] = {}
end
return matrix
end
function Matrix.Show( m )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
io.write( tostring( m.data[i][j] ), " " )
end
io.write( "\n" )
end
end
function Matrix.Add( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_x and m.dim_y == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j] + n.data[i][j]
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Mul( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, n.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, n.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = 0
for k = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = r.data[i][j] + m.data[i][k] * n.data[k][j]
end
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Pow( m, p )
assert( m.dim_x == m.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
if p == 0 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
if i == j then
r.data[i][j] = 1
else
r.data[i][j] = 0
end
end
end
elseif p == 1 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j]
end
end
else
r = m
for i = 2, p do
r = r * m
end
end
return r
end
m = Matrix.new( 2, 2 )
m.data = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } }
n = m^4;
Matrix.Show( n )
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Translate this program into VB but keep the logic exactly as in Lua. | Matrix = {}
function Matrix.new( dim_y, dim_x )
assert( dim_y and dim_x )
local matrix = {}
local metatab = {}
setmetatable( matrix, metatab )
metatab.__add = Matrix.Add
metatab.__mul = Matrix.Mul
metatab.__pow = Matrix.Pow
matrix.dim_y = dim_y
matrix.dim_x = dim_x
matrix.data = {}
for i = 1, dim_y do
matrix.data[i] = {}
end
return matrix
end
function Matrix.Show( m )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
io.write( tostring( m.data[i][j] ), " " )
end
io.write( "\n" )
end
end
function Matrix.Add( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_x and m.dim_y == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j] + n.data[i][j]
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Mul( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, n.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, n.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = 0
for k = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = r.data[i][j] + m.data[i][k] * n.data[k][j]
end
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Pow( m, p )
assert( m.dim_x == m.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
if p == 0 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
if i == j then
r.data[i][j] = 1
else
r.data[i][j] = 0
end
end
end
elseif p == 1 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j]
end
end
else
r = m
for i = 2, p do
r = r * m
end
end
return r
end
m = Matrix.new( 2, 2 )
m.data = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } }
n = m^4;
Matrix.Show( n )
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original Lua code. | Matrix = {}
function Matrix.new( dim_y, dim_x )
assert( dim_y and dim_x )
local matrix = {}
local metatab = {}
setmetatable( matrix, metatab )
metatab.__add = Matrix.Add
metatab.__mul = Matrix.Mul
metatab.__pow = Matrix.Pow
matrix.dim_y = dim_y
matrix.dim_x = dim_x
matrix.data = {}
for i = 1, dim_y do
matrix.data[i] = {}
end
return matrix
end
function Matrix.Show( m )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
io.write( tostring( m.data[i][j] ), " " )
end
io.write( "\n" )
end
end
function Matrix.Add( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_x and m.dim_y == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j] + n.data[i][j]
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Mul( m, n )
assert( m.dim_x == n.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, n.dim_x )
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, n.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = 0
for k = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = r.data[i][j] + m.data[i][k] * n.data[k][j]
end
end
end
return r
end
function Matrix.Pow( m, p )
assert( m.dim_x == m.dim_y )
local r = Matrix.new( m.dim_y, m.dim_x )
if p == 0 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
if i == j then
r.data[i][j] = 1
else
r.data[i][j] = 0
end
end
end
elseif p == 1 then
for i = 1, m.dim_y do
for j = 1, m.dim_x do
r.data[i][j] = m.data[i][j]
end
end
else
r = m
for i = 2, p do
r = r * m
end
end
return r
end
m = Matrix.new( 2, 2 )
m.data = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } }
n = m^4;
Matrix.Show( n )
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Change the following Mathematica code into C without altering its purpose. | a = {{3, 2}, {4, 1}};
MatrixPower[a, 0]
MatrixPower[a, 1]
MatrixPower[a, -1]
MatrixPower[a, 4]
MatrixPower[a, 1/2]
MatrixPower[a, Pi]
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
|
Change the programming language of this snippet from Mathematica to C# without modifying what it does. | a = {{3, 2}, {4, 1}};
MatrixPower[a, 0]
MatrixPower[a, 1]
MatrixPower[a, -1]
MatrixPower[a, 4]
MatrixPower[a, 1/2]
MatrixPower[a, Pi]
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Change the following Mathematica code into C++ without altering its purpose. | a = {{3, 2}, {4, 1}};
MatrixPower[a, 0]
MatrixPower[a, 1]
MatrixPower[a, -1]
MatrixPower[a, 4]
MatrixPower[a, 1/2]
MatrixPower[a, Pi]
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python. | a = {{3, 2}, {4, 1}};
MatrixPower[a, 0]
MatrixPower[a, 1]
MatrixPower[a, -1]
MatrixPower[a, 4]
MatrixPower[a, 1/2]
MatrixPower[a, Pi]
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Produce a functionally identical VB code for the snippet given in Mathematica. | a = {{3, 2}, {4, 1}};
MatrixPower[a, 0]
MatrixPower[a, 1]
MatrixPower[a, -1]
MatrixPower[a, 4]
MatrixPower[a, 1/2]
MatrixPower[a, Pi]
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Generate a Go translation of this Mathematica snippet without changing its computational steps. | a = {{3, 2}, {4, 1}};
MatrixPower[a, 0]
MatrixPower[a, 1]
MatrixPower[a, -1]
MatrixPower[a, 4]
MatrixPower[a, 1/2]
MatrixPower[a, Pi]
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original MATLAB code. | function [output] = matrixexponentiation(matrixA, exponent)
output = matrixA^(exponent);
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
|
Write the same algorithm in C# as shown in this MATLAB implementation. | function [output] = matrixexponentiation(matrixA, exponent)
output = matrixA^(exponent);
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Port the provided MATLAB code into C++ while preserving the original functionality. | function [output] = matrixexponentiation(matrixA, exponent)
output = matrixA^(exponent);
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Write the same code in Python as shown below in MATLAB. | function [output] = matrixexponentiation(matrixA, exponent)
output = matrixA^(exponent);
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Translate the given MATLAB code snippet into VB without altering its behavior. | function [output] = matrixexponentiation(matrixA, exponent)
output = matrixA^(exponent);
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Port the following code from MATLAB to Go with equivalent syntax and logic. | function [output] = matrixexponentiation(matrixA, exponent)
output = matrixA^(exponent);
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Translate the given Nim code snippet into C without altering its behavior. | import sequtils, strutils
type Matrix[N: static int; T] = array[1..N, array[1..N, T]]
func `*`[N, T](a, b: Matrix[N, T]): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
for j in 1..N:
for k in 1..N:
result[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j]
func identityMatrix[N; T](): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
result[i][i] = T(1)
func `^`[N, T](m: Matrix[N, T]; n: Natural): Matrix[N, T] =
if n == 0: return identityMatrix[N, T]()
if n == 1: return m
var n = n
var m = m
result = identityMatrix[N, T]()
while n > 0:
if (n and 1) != 0:
result = result * m
n = n shr 1
m = m * m
proc `$`(m: Matrix): string =
var lg = 0
for i in 1..m.N:
for j in 1..m.N:
lg = max(lg, len($m[i][j]))
for i in 1..m.N:
echo m[i].mapIt(align($it, lg)).join(" ")
when isMainModule:
let m1: Matrix[3, int] = [[ 3, 2, -1],
[-1, 0, 5],
[ 2, -1, 3]]
echo m1^10
import math
const
C30 = sqrt(3.0) / 2
S30 = 1 / 2
let m2: Matrix[2, float] = [[C30, -S30], [S30, C30]]
echo m2^12
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
|
Transform the following Nim implementation into C#, maintaining the same output and logic. | import sequtils, strutils
type Matrix[N: static int; T] = array[1..N, array[1..N, T]]
func `*`[N, T](a, b: Matrix[N, T]): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
for j in 1..N:
for k in 1..N:
result[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j]
func identityMatrix[N; T](): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
result[i][i] = T(1)
func `^`[N, T](m: Matrix[N, T]; n: Natural): Matrix[N, T] =
if n == 0: return identityMatrix[N, T]()
if n == 1: return m
var n = n
var m = m
result = identityMatrix[N, T]()
while n > 0:
if (n and 1) != 0:
result = result * m
n = n shr 1
m = m * m
proc `$`(m: Matrix): string =
var lg = 0
for i in 1..m.N:
for j in 1..m.N:
lg = max(lg, len($m[i][j]))
for i in 1..m.N:
echo m[i].mapIt(align($it, lg)).join(" ")
when isMainModule:
let m1: Matrix[3, int] = [[ 3, 2, -1],
[-1, 0, 5],
[ 2, -1, 3]]
echo m1^10
import math
const
C30 = sqrt(3.0) / 2
S30 = 1 / 2
let m2: Matrix[2, float] = [[C30, -S30], [S30, C30]]
echo m2^12
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Convert the following code from Nim to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact. | import sequtils, strutils
type Matrix[N: static int; T] = array[1..N, array[1..N, T]]
func `*`[N, T](a, b: Matrix[N, T]): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
for j in 1..N:
for k in 1..N:
result[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j]
func identityMatrix[N; T](): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
result[i][i] = T(1)
func `^`[N, T](m: Matrix[N, T]; n: Natural): Matrix[N, T] =
if n == 0: return identityMatrix[N, T]()
if n == 1: return m
var n = n
var m = m
result = identityMatrix[N, T]()
while n > 0:
if (n and 1) != 0:
result = result * m
n = n shr 1
m = m * m
proc `$`(m: Matrix): string =
var lg = 0
for i in 1..m.N:
for j in 1..m.N:
lg = max(lg, len($m[i][j]))
for i in 1..m.N:
echo m[i].mapIt(align($it, lg)).join(" ")
when isMainModule:
let m1: Matrix[3, int] = [[ 3, 2, -1],
[-1, 0, 5],
[ 2, -1, 3]]
echo m1^10
import math
const
C30 = sqrt(3.0) / 2
S30 = 1 / 2
let m2: Matrix[2, float] = [[C30, -S30], [S30, C30]]
echo m2^12
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Generate a Python translation of this Nim snippet without changing its computational steps. | import sequtils, strutils
type Matrix[N: static int; T] = array[1..N, array[1..N, T]]
func `*`[N, T](a, b: Matrix[N, T]): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
for j in 1..N:
for k in 1..N:
result[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j]
func identityMatrix[N; T](): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
result[i][i] = T(1)
func `^`[N, T](m: Matrix[N, T]; n: Natural): Matrix[N, T] =
if n == 0: return identityMatrix[N, T]()
if n == 1: return m
var n = n
var m = m
result = identityMatrix[N, T]()
while n > 0:
if (n and 1) != 0:
result = result * m
n = n shr 1
m = m * m
proc `$`(m: Matrix): string =
var lg = 0
for i in 1..m.N:
for j in 1..m.N:
lg = max(lg, len($m[i][j]))
for i in 1..m.N:
echo m[i].mapIt(align($it, lg)).join(" ")
when isMainModule:
let m1: Matrix[3, int] = [[ 3, 2, -1],
[-1, 0, 5],
[ 2, -1, 3]]
echo m1^10
import math
const
C30 = sqrt(3.0) / 2
S30 = 1 / 2
let m2: Matrix[2, float] = [[C30, -S30], [S30, C30]]
echo m2^12
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Write the same algorithm in VB as shown in this Nim implementation. | import sequtils, strutils
type Matrix[N: static int; T] = array[1..N, array[1..N, T]]
func `*`[N, T](a, b: Matrix[N, T]): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
for j in 1..N:
for k in 1..N:
result[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j]
func identityMatrix[N; T](): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
result[i][i] = T(1)
func `^`[N, T](m: Matrix[N, T]; n: Natural): Matrix[N, T] =
if n == 0: return identityMatrix[N, T]()
if n == 1: return m
var n = n
var m = m
result = identityMatrix[N, T]()
while n > 0:
if (n and 1) != 0:
result = result * m
n = n shr 1
m = m * m
proc `$`(m: Matrix): string =
var lg = 0
for i in 1..m.N:
for j in 1..m.N:
lg = max(lg, len($m[i][j]))
for i in 1..m.N:
echo m[i].mapIt(align($it, lg)).join(" ")
when isMainModule:
let m1: Matrix[3, int] = [[ 3, 2, -1],
[-1, 0, 5],
[ 2, -1, 3]]
echo m1^10
import math
const
C30 = sqrt(3.0) / 2
S30 = 1 / 2
let m2: Matrix[2, float] = [[C30, -S30], [S30, C30]]
echo m2^12
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Produce a functionally identical Go code for the snippet given in Nim. | import sequtils, strutils
type Matrix[N: static int; T] = array[1..N, array[1..N, T]]
func `*`[N, T](a, b: Matrix[N, T]): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
for j in 1..N:
for k in 1..N:
result[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j]
func identityMatrix[N; T](): Matrix[N, T] =
for i in 1..N:
result[i][i] = T(1)
func `^`[N, T](m: Matrix[N, T]; n: Natural): Matrix[N, T] =
if n == 0: return identityMatrix[N, T]()
if n == 1: return m
var n = n
var m = m
result = identityMatrix[N, T]()
while n > 0:
if (n and 1) != 0:
result = result * m
n = n shr 1
m = m * m
proc `$`(m: Matrix): string =
var lg = 0
for i in 1..m.N:
for j in 1..m.N:
lg = max(lg, len($m[i][j]))
for i in 1..m.N:
echo m[i].mapIt(align($it, lg)).join(" ")
when isMainModule:
let m1: Matrix[3, int] = [[ 3, 2, -1],
[-1, 0, 5],
[ 2, -1, 3]]
echo m1^10
import math
const
C30 = sqrt(3.0) / 2
S30 = 1 / 2
let m2: Matrix[2, float] = [[C30, -S30], [S30, C30]]
echo m2^12
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from OCaml to C. |
let eye n =
let a = Array.make_matrix n n 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
a.(i).(i) <- 1.0
done;
(a)
;;
let dim a = Array.length a, Array.length a.(0);;
let matrix p q v =
if (List.length v) <> (p * q)
then failwith "bad dimensions"
else
let a = Array.make_matrix p q (List.hd v) in
let rec g i j = function
| [] -> a
| x::v ->
a.(i).(j) <- x;
if j+1 < q
then g i (j+1) v
else g (i+1) 0 v
in
g 0 0 v
;;
let matmul a b =
let n, p = dim a
and q, r = dim b in
if p <> q then failwith "bad dimensions" else
let c = Array.make_matrix n r 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
for j=0 to r-1 do
for k=0 to p-1 do
c.(i).(j) <- c.(i).(j) +. a.(i).(k) *. b.(k).(j)
done
done
done;
(c)
;;
let pow one mul a n =
let rec g p x = function
| 0 -> x
| i ->
g (mul p p) (if i mod 2 = 1 then mul p x else x) (i/2)
in
g a one n
;;
pow 1 ( * ) 2 16;;
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
|
Port the provided OCaml code into C# while preserving the original functionality. |
let eye n =
let a = Array.make_matrix n n 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
a.(i).(i) <- 1.0
done;
(a)
;;
let dim a = Array.length a, Array.length a.(0);;
let matrix p q v =
if (List.length v) <> (p * q)
then failwith "bad dimensions"
else
let a = Array.make_matrix p q (List.hd v) in
let rec g i j = function
| [] -> a
| x::v ->
a.(i).(j) <- x;
if j+1 < q
then g i (j+1) v
else g (i+1) 0 v
in
g 0 0 v
;;
let matmul a b =
let n, p = dim a
and q, r = dim b in
if p <> q then failwith "bad dimensions" else
let c = Array.make_matrix n r 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
for j=0 to r-1 do
for k=0 to p-1 do
c.(i).(j) <- c.(i).(j) +. a.(i).(k) *. b.(k).(j)
done
done
done;
(c)
;;
let pow one mul a n =
let rec g p x = function
| 0 -> x
| i ->
g (mul p p) (if i mod 2 = 1 then mul p x else x) (i/2)
in
g a one n
;;
pow 1 ( * ) 2 16;;
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Transform the following OCaml implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic. |
let eye n =
let a = Array.make_matrix n n 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
a.(i).(i) <- 1.0
done;
(a)
;;
let dim a = Array.length a, Array.length a.(0);;
let matrix p q v =
if (List.length v) <> (p * q)
then failwith "bad dimensions"
else
let a = Array.make_matrix p q (List.hd v) in
let rec g i j = function
| [] -> a
| x::v ->
a.(i).(j) <- x;
if j+1 < q
then g i (j+1) v
else g (i+1) 0 v
in
g 0 0 v
;;
let matmul a b =
let n, p = dim a
and q, r = dim b in
if p <> q then failwith "bad dimensions" else
let c = Array.make_matrix n r 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
for j=0 to r-1 do
for k=0 to p-1 do
c.(i).(j) <- c.(i).(j) +. a.(i).(k) *. b.(k).(j)
done
done
done;
(c)
;;
let pow one mul a n =
let rec g p x = function
| 0 -> x
| i ->
g (mul p p) (if i mod 2 = 1 then mul p x else x) (i/2)
in
g a one n
;;
pow 1 ( * ) 2 16;;
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Translate the given OCaml code snippet into Python without altering its behavior. |
let eye n =
let a = Array.make_matrix n n 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
a.(i).(i) <- 1.0
done;
(a)
;;
let dim a = Array.length a, Array.length a.(0);;
let matrix p q v =
if (List.length v) <> (p * q)
then failwith "bad dimensions"
else
let a = Array.make_matrix p q (List.hd v) in
let rec g i j = function
| [] -> a
| x::v ->
a.(i).(j) <- x;
if j+1 < q
then g i (j+1) v
else g (i+1) 0 v
in
g 0 0 v
;;
let matmul a b =
let n, p = dim a
and q, r = dim b in
if p <> q then failwith "bad dimensions" else
let c = Array.make_matrix n r 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
for j=0 to r-1 do
for k=0 to p-1 do
c.(i).(j) <- c.(i).(j) +. a.(i).(k) *. b.(k).(j)
done
done
done;
(c)
;;
let pow one mul a n =
let rec g p x = function
| 0 -> x
| i ->
g (mul p p) (if i mod 2 = 1 then mul p x else x) (i/2)
in
g a one n
;;
pow 1 ( * ) 2 16;;
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in VB. |
let eye n =
let a = Array.make_matrix n n 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
a.(i).(i) <- 1.0
done;
(a)
;;
let dim a = Array.length a, Array.length a.(0);;
let matrix p q v =
if (List.length v) <> (p * q)
then failwith "bad dimensions"
else
let a = Array.make_matrix p q (List.hd v) in
let rec g i j = function
| [] -> a
| x::v ->
a.(i).(j) <- x;
if j+1 < q
then g i (j+1) v
else g (i+1) 0 v
in
g 0 0 v
;;
let matmul a b =
let n, p = dim a
and q, r = dim b in
if p <> q then failwith "bad dimensions" else
let c = Array.make_matrix n r 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
for j=0 to r-1 do
for k=0 to p-1 do
c.(i).(j) <- c.(i).(j) +. a.(i).(k) *. b.(k).(j)
done
done
done;
(c)
;;
let pow one mul a n =
let rec g p x = function
| 0 -> x
| i ->
g (mul p p) (if i mod 2 = 1 then mul p x else x) (i/2)
in
g a one n
;;
pow 1 ( * ) 2 16;;
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Ensure the translated Go code behaves exactly like the original OCaml snippet. |
let eye n =
let a = Array.make_matrix n n 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
a.(i).(i) <- 1.0
done;
(a)
;;
let dim a = Array.length a, Array.length a.(0);;
let matrix p q v =
if (List.length v) <> (p * q)
then failwith "bad dimensions"
else
let a = Array.make_matrix p q (List.hd v) in
let rec g i j = function
| [] -> a
| x::v ->
a.(i).(j) <- x;
if j+1 < q
then g i (j+1) v
else g (i+1) 0 v
in
g 0 0 v
;;
let matmul a b =
let n, p = dim a
and q, r = dim b in
if p <> q then failwith "bad dimensions" else
let c = Array.make_matrix n r 0.0 in
for i=0 to n-1 do
for j=0 to r-1 do
for k=0 to p-1 do
c.(i).(j) <- c.(i).(j) +. a.(i).(k) *. b.(k).(j)
done
done
done;
(c)
;;
let pow one mul a n =
let rec g p x = function
| 0 -> x
| i ->
g (mul p p) (if i mod 2 = 1 then mul p x else x) (i/2)
in
g a one n
;;
pow 1 ( * ) 2 16;;
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Change the following Perl code into C without altering its purpose. | use strict;
package SquareMatrix;
use Carp;
use overload (
'""' => \&_string,
'*' => \&_mult,
'*=' => \&_mult,
'**' => \&_expo,
'=' => \&_copy,
);
sub make {
my $cls = shift;
my $n = @_;
for (@_) {
confess "Bad data @$_: matrix must be square "
if @$_ != $n;
}
bless [ map [@$_], @_ ]
}
sub identity {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self - 1;
my @rows = map [ (0) x $_, 1, (0) x ($n - $_) ], 0 .. $n;
bless \@rows
}
sub zero {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self;
bless [ map [ (0) x $n ], 1 .. $n ]
}
sub _string {
"[ ".join("\n " =>
map join(" " => map(sprintf("%12.6g", $_), @$_)), @{+shift}
)." ]\n";
}
sub _mult {
my ($a, $b) = @_;
my $x = $a->zero;
my @idx = (0 .. $
for my $j (@idx) {
my @col = map($a->[$_][$j], @idx);
for my $i (@idx) {
my $row = $b->[$i];
$x->[$i][$j] += $row->[$_] * $col[$_] for @idx;
}
}
$x
}
sub _expo {
my ($self, $n) = @_;
confess "matrix **: must be non-negative integer power"
unless $n >= 0 && $n == int($n);
my ($tmp, $out) = ($self, $self->identity);
do {
$out *= $tmp if $n & 1;
$tmp *= $tmp;
} while $n >>= 1;
$out
}
sub _copy { bless [ map [ @$_ ], @{+shift} ] }
package main;
my $m = SquareMatrix->make(
[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0] );
print "
$m = SquareMatrix->make(
[ 1.0001, 0, 0, 1 ],
[ 0, 1.001, 0, 0 ],
[ 0, 0, 1, 0.99998 ],
[ 1e-8, 0, 0, 1.0002 ]);
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
$m->identity ** 1_000_000_000_000;
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
|
Port the following code from Perl to C# with equivalent syntax and logic. | use strict;
package SquareMatrix;
use Carp;
use overload (
'""' => \&_string,
'*' => \&_mult,
'*=' => \&_mult,
'**' => \&_expo,
'=' => \&_copy,
);
sub make {
my $cls = shift;
my $n = @_;
for (@_) {
confess "Bad data @$_: matrix must be square "
if @$_ != $n;
}
bless [ map [@$_], @_ ]
}
sub identity {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self - 1;
my @rows = map [ (0) x $_, 1, (0) x ($n - $_) ], 0 .. $n;
bless \@rows
}
sub zero {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self;
bless [ map [ (0) x $n ], 1 .. $n ]
}
sub _string {
"[ ".join("\n " =>
map join(" " => map(sprintf("%12.6g", $_), @$_)), @{+shift}
)." ]\n";
}
sub _mult {
my ($a, $b) = @_;
my $x = $a->zero;
my @idx = (0 .. $
for my $j (@idx) {
my @col = map($a->[$_][$j], @idx);
for my $i (@idx) {
my $row = $b->[$i];
$x->[$i][$j] += $row->[$_] * $col[$_] for @idx;
}
}
$x
}
sub _expo {
my ($self, $n) = @_;
confess "matrix **: must be non-negative integer power"
unless $n >= 0 && $n == int($n);
my ($tmp, $out) = ($self, $self->identity);
do {
$out *= $tmp if $n & 1;
$tmp *= $tmp;
} while $n >>= 1;
$out
}
sub _copy { bless [ map [ @$_ ], @{+shift} ] }
package main;
my $m = SquareMatrix->make(
[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0] );
print "
$m = SquareMatrix->make(
[ 1.0001, 0, 0, 1 ],
[ 0, 1.001, 0, 0 ],
[ 0, 0, 1, 0.99998 ],
[ 1e-8, 0, 0, 1.0002 ]);
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
$m->identity ** 1_000_000_000_000;
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C++. | use strict;
package SquareMatrix;
use Carp;
use overload (
'""' => \&_string,
'*' => \&_mult,
'*=' => \&_mult,
'**' => \&_expo,
'=' => \&_copy,
);
sub make {
my $cls = shift;
my $n = @_;
for (@_) {
confess "Bad data @$_: matrix must be square "
if @$_ != $n;
}
bless [ map [@$_], @_ ]
}
sub identity {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self - 1;
my @rows = map [ (0) x $_, 1, (0) x ($n - $_) ], 0 .. $n;
bless \@rows
}
sub zero {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self;
bless [ map [ (0) x $n ], 1 .. $n ]
}
sub _string {
"[ ".join("\n " =>
map join(" " => map(sprintf("%12.6g", $_), @$_)), @{+shift}
)." ]\n";
}
sub _mult {
my ($a, $b) = @_;
my $x = $a->zero;
my @idx = (0 .. $
for my $j (@idx) {
my @col = map($a->[$_][$j], @idx);
for my $i (@idx) {
my $row = $b->[$i];
$x->[$i][$j] += $row->[$_] * $col[$_] for @idx;
}
}
$x
}
sub _expo {
my ($self, $n) = @_;
confess "matrix **: must be non-negative integer power"
unless $n >= 0 && $n == int($n);
my ($tmp, $out) = ($self, $self->identity);
do {
$out *= $tmp if $n & 1;
$tmp *= $tmp;
} while $n >>= 1;
$out
}
sub _copy { bless [ map [ @$_ ], @{+shift} ] }
package main;
my $m = SquareMatrix->make(
[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0] );
print "
$m = SquareMatrix->make(
[ 1.0001, 0, 0, 1 ],
[ 0, 1.001, 0, 0 ],
[ 0, 0, 1, 0.99998 ],
[ 1e-8, 0, 0, 1.0002 ]);
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
$m->identity ** 1_000_000_000_000;
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Perl snippet. | use strict;
package SquareMatrix;
use Carp;
use overload (
'""' => \&_string,
'*' => \&_mult,
'*=' => \&_mult,
'**' => \&_expo,
'=' => \&_copy,
);
sub make {
my $cls = shift;
my $n = @_;
for (@_) {
confess "Bad data @$_: matrix must be square "
if @$_ != $n;
}
bless [ map [@$_], @_ ]
}
sub identity {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self - 1;
my @rows = map [ (0) x $_, 1, (0) x ($n - $_) ], 0 .. $n;
bless \@rows
}
sub zero {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self;
bless [ map [ (0) x $n ], 1 .. $n ]
}
sub _string {
"[ ".join("\n " =>
map join(" " => map(sprintf("%12.6g", $_), @$_)), @{+shift}
)." ]\n";
}
sub _mult {
my ($a, $b) = @_;
my $x = $a->zero;
my @idx = (0 .. $
for my $j (@idx) {
my @col = map($a->[$_][$j], @idx);
for my $i (@idx) {
my $row = $b->[$i];
$x->[$i][$j] += $row->[$_] * $col[$_] for @idx;
}
}
$x
}
sub _expo {
my ($self, $n) = @_;
confess "matrix **: must be non-negative integer power"
unless $n >= 0 && $n == int($n);
my ($tmp, $out) = ($self, $self->identity);
do {
$out *= $tmp if $n & 1;
$tmp *= $tmp;
} while $n >>= 1;
$out
}
sub _copy { bless [ map [ @$_ ], @{+shift} ] }
package main;
my $m = SquareMatrix->make(
[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0] );
print "
$m = SquareMatrix->make(
[ 1.0001, 0, 0, 1 ],
[ 0, 1.001, 0, 0 ],
[ 0, 0, 1, 0.99998 ],
[ 1e-8, 0, 0, 1.0002 ]);
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
$m->identity ** 1_000_000_000_000;
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Convert this Perl block to VB, preserving its control flow and logic. | use strict;
package SquareMatrix;
use Carp;
use overload (
'""' => \&_string,
'*' => \&_mult,
'*=' => \&_mult,
'**' => \&_expo,
'=' => \&_copy,
);
sub make {
my $cls = shift;
my $n = @_;
for (@_) {
confess "Bad data @$_: matrix must be square "
if @$_ != $n;
}
bless [ map [@$_], @_ ]
}
sub identity {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self - 1;
my @rows = map [ (0) x $_, 1, (0) x ($n - $_) ], 0 .. $n;
bless \@rows
}
sub zero {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self;
bless [ map [ (0) x $n ], 1 .. $n ]
}
sub _string {
"[ ".join("\n " =>
map join(" " => map(sprintf("%12.6g", $_), @$_)), @{+shift}
)." ]\n";
}
sub _mult {
my ($a, $b) = @_;
my $x = $a->zero;
my @idx = (0 .. $
for my $j (@idx) {
my @col = map($a->[$_][$j], @idx);
for my $i (@idx) {
my $row = $b->[$i];
$x->[$i][$j] += $row->[$_] * $col[$_] for @idx;
}
}
$x
}
sub _expo {
my ($self, $n) = @_;
confess "matrix **: must be non-negative integer power"
unless $n >= 0 && $n == int($n);
my ($tmp, $out) = ($self, $self->identity);
do {
$out *= $tmp if $n & 1;
$tmp *= $tmp;
} while $n >>= 1;
$out
}
sub _copy { bless [ map [ @$_ ], @{+shift} ] }
package main;
my $m = SquareMatrix->make(
[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0] );
print "
$m = SquareMatrix->make(
[ 1.0001, 0, 0, 1 ],
[ 0, 1.001, 0, 0 ],
[ 0, 0, 1, 0.99998 ],
[ 1e-8, 0, 0, 1.0002 ]);
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
$m->identity ** 1_000_000_000_000;
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Go. | use strict;
package SquareMatrix;
use Carp;
use overload (
'""' => \&_string,
'*' => \&_mult,
'*=' => \&_mult,
'**' => \&_expo,
'=' => \&_copy,
);
sub make {
my $cls = shift;
my $n = @_;
for (@_) {
confess "Bad data @$_: matrix must be square "
if @$_ != $n;
}
bless [ map [@$_], @_ ]
}
sub identity {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self - 1;
my @rows = map [ (0) x $_, 1, (0) x ($n - $_) ], 0 .. $n;
bless \@rows
}
sub zero {
my $self = shift;
my $n = @$self;
bless [ map [ (0) x $n ], 1 .. $n ]
}
sub _string {
"[ ".join("\n " =>
map join(" " => map(sprintf("%12.6g", $_), @$_)), @{+shift}
)." ]\n";
}
sub _mult {
my ($a, $b) = @_;
my $x = $a->zero;
my @idx = (0 .. $
for my $j (@idx) {
my @col = map($a->[$_][$j], @idx);
for my $i (@idx) {
my $row = $b->[$i];
$x->[$i][$j] += $row->[$_] * $col[$_] for @idx;
}
}
$x
}
sub _expo {
my ($self, $n) = @_;
confess "matrix **: must be non-negative integer power"
unless $n >= 0 && $n == int($n);
my ($tmp, $out) = ($self, $self->identity);
do {
$out *= $tmp if $n & 1;
$tmp *= $tmp;
} while $n >>= 1;
$out
}
sub _copy { bless [ map [ @$_ ], @{+shift} ] }
package main;
my $m = SquareMatrix->make(
[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0] );
print "
$m = SquareMatrix->make(
[ 1.0001, 0, 0, 1 ],
[ 0, 1.001, 0, 0 ],
[ 0, 0, 1, 0.99998 ],
[ 1e-8, 0, 0, 1.0002 ]);
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
print "\n
$m->identity ** 1_000_000_000_000;
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Convert this Racket snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent. | #lang racket
(require math)
(define a (matrix ((3 2) (2 1))))
(for ([i 11])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
(define (mpower M p)
(cond [(= p 1) M]
[(even? p) (mpower (matrix* M M) (/ p 2))]
[else (matrix* M (mpower M (sub1 p)))]))
(for ([i (in-range 1 11)])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
|
Convert this Racket block to C#, preserving its control flow and logic. | #lang racket
(require math)
(define a (matrix ((3 2) (2 1))))
(for ([i 11])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
(define (mpower M p)
(cond [(= p 1) M]
[(even? p) (mpower (matrix* M M) (/ p 2))]
[else (matrix* M (mpower M (sub1 p)))]))
(for ([i (in-range 1 11)])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Convert the following code from Racket to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact. | #lang racket
(require math)
(define a (matrix ((3 2) (2 1))))
(for ([i 11])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
(define (mpower M p)
(cond [(= p 1) M]
[(even? p) (mpower (matrix* M M) (/ p 2))]
[else (matrix* M (mpower M (sub1 p)))]))
(for ([i (in-range 1 11)])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python. | #lang racket
(require math)
(define a (matrix ((3 2) (2 1))))
(for ([i 11])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
(define (mpower M p)
(cond [(= p 1) M]
[(even? p) (mpower (matrix* M M) (/ p 2))]
[else (matrix* M (mpower M (sub1 p)))]))
(for ([i (in-range 1 11)])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Translate the given Racket code snippet into VB without altering its behavior. | #lang racket
(require math)
(define a (matrix ((3 2) (2 1))))
(for ([i 11])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
(define (mpower M p)
(cond [(= p 1) M]
[(even? p) (mpower (matrix* M M) (/ p 2))]
[else (matrix* M (mpower M (sub1 p)))]))
(for ([i (in-range 1 11)])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Ensure the translated Go code behaves exactly like the original Racket snippet. | #lang racket
(require math)
(define a (matrix ((3 2) (2 1))))
(for ([i 11])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
(define (mpower M p)
(cond [(= p 1) M]
[(even? p) (mpower (matrix* M M) (/ p 2))]
[else (matrix* M (mpower M (sub1 p)))]))
(for ([i (in-range 1 11)])
(printf "a^~a = ~s\n" i (matrix-expt a i)))
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C. | class Array {
method ** (Number n { .>= 0 }) {
var tmp = self
var out = self.len.of {|i| self.len.of {|j| i == j ? 1 : 0 }}
loop {
out = (out `mmul` tmp) if n.is_odd
n >>= 1 || break
tmp = (tmp `mmul` tmp)
}
return out
}
}
var m = [[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0]]
for order in (0..5) {
say "
var t = (m ** order)
say (' ', t.join("\n "))
}
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
|
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Ruby to C#, same semantics. | class Array {
method ** (Number n { .>= 0 }) {
var tmp = self
var out = self.len.of {|i| self.len.of {|j| i == j ? 1 : 0 }}
loop {
out = (out `mmul` tmp) if n.is_odd
n >>= 1 || break
tmp = (tmp `mmul` tmp)
}
return out
}
}
var m = [[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0]]
for order in (0..5) {
say "
var t = (m ** order)
say (' ', t.join("\n "))
}
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Please provide an equivalent version of this Ruby code in C++. | class Array {
method ** (Number n { .>= 0 }) {
var tmp = self
var out = self.len.of {|i| self.len.of {|j| i == j ? 1 : 0 }}
loop {
out = (out `mmul` tmp) if n.is_odd
n >>= 1 || break
tmp = (tmp `mmul` tmp)
}
return out
}
}
var m = [[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0]]
for order in (0..5) {
say "
var t = (m ** order)
say (' ', t.join("\n "))
}
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Ruby. | class Array {
method ** (Number n { .>= 0 }) {
var tmp = self
var out = self.len.of {|i| self.len.of {|j| i == j ? 1 : 0 }}
loop {
out = (out `mmul` tmp) if n.is_odd
n >>= 1 || break
tmp = (tmp `mmul` tmp)
}
return out
}
}
var m = [[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0]]
for order in (0..5) {
say "
var t = (m ** order)
say (' ', t.join("\n "))
}
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Ruby to VB. | class Array {
method ** (Number n { .>= 0 }) {
var tmp = self
var out = self.len.of {|i| self.len.of {|j| i == j ? 1 : 0 }}
loop {
out = (out `mmul` tmp) if n.is_odd
n >>= 1 || break
tmp = (tmp `mmul` tmp)
}
return out
}
}
var m = [[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0]]
for order in (0..5) {
say "
var t = (m ** order)
say (' ', t.join("\n "))
}
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Generate a Go translation of this Ruby snippet without changing its computational steps. | class Array {
method ** (Number n { .>= 0 }) {
var tmp = self
var out = self.len.of {|i| self.len.of {|j| i == j ? 1 : 0 }}
loop {
out = (out `mmul` tmp) if n.is_odd
n >>= 1 || break
tmp = (tmp `mmul` tmp)
}
return out
}
}
var m = [[1, 2, 0],
[0, 3, 1],
[1, 0, 0]]
for order in (0..5) {
say "
var t = (m ** order)
say (' ', t.join("\n "))
}
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Change the programming language of this snippet from Scala to C without modifying what it does. |
typealias Vector = DoubleArray
typealias Matrix = Array<Vector>
operator fun Matrix.times(other: Matrix): Matrix {
val rows1 = this.size
val cols1 = this[0].size
val rows2 = other.size
val cols2 = other[0].size
require(cols1 == rows2)
val result = Matrix(rows1) { Vector(cols2) }
for (i in 0 until rows1) {
for (j in 0 until cols2) {
for (k in 0 until rows2) {
result[i][j] += this[i][k] * other[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
fun identityMatrix(n: Int): Matrix {
require(n >= 1)
val ident = Matrix(n) { Vector(n) }
for (i in 0 until n) ident[i][i] = 1.0
return ident
}
infix fun Matrix.pow(n : Int): Matrix {
require (n >= 0 && this.size == this[0].size)
if (n == 0) return identityMatrix(this.size)
if (n == 1) return this
var pow = identityMatrix(this.size)
var base = this
var e = n
while (e > 0) {
if ((e and 1) == 1) pow *= base
e = e shr 1
base *= base
}
return pow
}
fun printMatrix(m: Matrix, n: Int) {
println("** Power of $n **")
for (i in 0 until m.size) println(m[i].contentToString())
println()
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val m = arrayOf(
doubleArrayOf(3.0, 2.0),
doubleArrayOf(2.0, 1.0)
)
for (i in 0..10) printMatrix(m pow i, i)
}
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
|
Write the same algorithm in C# as shown in this Scala implementation. |
typealias Vector = DoubleArray
typealias Matrix = Array<Vector>
operator fun Matrix.times(other: Matrix): Matrix {
val rows1 = this.size
val cols1 = this[0].size
val rows2 = other.size
val cols2 = other[0].size
require(cols1 == rows2)
val result = Matrix(rows1) { Vector(cols2) }
for (i in 0 until rows1) {
for (j in 0 until cols2) {
for (k in 0 until rows2) {
result[i][j] += this[i][k] * other[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
fun identityMatrix(n: Int): Matrix {
require(n >= 1)
val ident = Matrix(n) { Vector(n) }
for (i in 0 until n) ident[i][i] = 1.0
return ident
}
infix fun Matrix.pow(n : Int): Matrix {
require (n >= 0 && this.size == this[0].size)
if (n == 0) return identityMatrix(this.size)
if (n == 1) return this
var pow = identityMatrix(this.size)
var base = this
var e = n
while (e > 0) {
if ((e and 1) == 1) pow *= base
e = e shr 1
base *= base
}
return pow
}
fun printMatrix(m: Matrix, n: Int) {
println("** Power of $n **")
for (i in 0 until m.size) println(m[i].contentToString())
println()
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val m = arrayOf(
doubleArrayOf(3.0, 2.0),
doubleArrayOf(2.0, 1.0)
)
for (i in 0..10) printMatrix(m pow i, i)
}
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Transform the following Scala implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic. |
typealias Vector = DoubleArray
typealias Matrix = Array<Vector>
operator fun Matrix.times(other: Matrix): Matrix {
val rows1 = this.size
val cols1 = this[0].size
val rows2 = other.size
val cols2 = other[0].size
require(cols1 == rows2)
val result = Matrix(rows1) { Vector(cols2) }
for (i in 0 until rows1) {
for (j in 0 until cols2) {
for (k in 0 until rows2) {
result[i][j] += this[i][k] * other[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
fun identityMatrix(n: Int): Matrix {
require(n >= 1)
val ident = Matrix(n) { Vector(n) }
for (i in 0 until n) ident[i][i] = 1.0
return ident
}
infix fun Matrix.pow(n : Int): Matrix {
require (n >= 0 && this.size == this[0].size)
if (n == 0) return identityMatrix(this.size)
if (n == 1) return this
var pow = identityMatrix(this.size)
var base = this
var e = n
while (e > 0) {
if ((e and 1) == 1) pow *= base
e = e shr 1
base *= base
}
return pow
}
fun printMatrix(m: Matrix, n: Int) {
println("** Power of $n **")
for (i in 0 until m.size) println(m[i].contentToString())
println()
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val m = arrayOf(
doubleArrayOf(3.0, 2.0),
doubleArrayOf(2.0, 1.0)
)
for (i in 0..10) printMatrix(m pow i, i)
}
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python. |
typealias Vector = DoubleArray
typealias Matrix = Array<Vector>
operator fun Matrix.times(other: Matrix): Matrix {
val rows1 = this.size
val cols1 = this[0].size
val rows2 = other.size
val cols2 = other[0].size
require(cols1 == rows2)
val result = Matrix(rows1) { Vector(cols2) }
for (i in 0 until rows1) {
for (j in 0 until cols2) {
for (k in 0 until rows2) {
result[i][j] += this[i][k] * other[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
fun identityMatrix(n: Int): Matrix {
require(n >= 1)
val ident = Matrix(n) { Vector(n) }
for (i in 0 until n) ident[i][i] = 1.0
return ident
}
infix fun Matrix.pow(n : Int): Matrix {
require (n >= 0 && this.size == this[0].size)
if (n == 0) return identityMatrix(this.size)
if (n == 1) return this
var pow = identityMatrix(this.size)
var base = this
var e = n
while (e > 0) {
if ((e and 1) == 1) pow *= base
e = e shr 1
base *= base
}
return pow
}
fun printMatrix(m: Matrix, n: Int) {
println("** Power of $n **")
for (i in 0 until m.size) println(m[i].contentToString())
println()
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val m = arrayOf(
doubleArrayOf(3.0, 2.0),
doubleArrayOf(2.0, 1.0)
)
for (i in 0..10) printMatrix(m pow i, i)
}
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Convert this Scala block to VB, preserving its control flow and logic. |
typealias Vector = DoubleArray
typealias Matrix = Array<Vector>
operator fun Matrix.times(other: Matrix): Matrix {
val rows1 = this.size
val cols1 = this[0].size
val rows2 = other.size
val cols2 = other[0].size
require(cols1 == rows2)
val result = Matrix(rows1) { Vector(cols2) }
for (i in 0 until rows1) {
for (j in 0 until cols2) {
for (k in 0 until rows2) {
result[i][j] += this[i][k] * other[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
fun identityMatrix(n: Int): Matrix {
require(n >= 1)
val ident = Matrix(n) { Vector(n) }
for (i in 0 until n) ident[i][i] = 1.0
return ident
}
infix fun Matrix.pow(n : Int): Matrix {
require (n >= 0 && this.size == this[0].size)
if (n == 0) return identityMatrix(this.size)
if (n == 1) return this
var pow = identityMatrix(this.size)
var base = this
var e = n
while (e > 0) {
if ((e and 1) == 1) pow *= base
e = e shr 1
base *= base
}
return pow
}
fun printMatrix(m: Matrix, n: Int) {
println("** Power of $n **")
for (i in 0 until m.size) println(m[i].contentToString())
println()
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val m = arrayOf(
doubleArrayOf(3.0, 2.0),
doubleArrayOf(2.0, 1.0)
)
for (i in 0..10) printMatrix(m pow i, i)
}
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Please provide an equivalent version of this Scala code in Go. |
typealias Vector = DoubleArray
typealias Matrix = Array<Vector>
operator fun Matrix.times(other: Matrix): Matrix {
val rows1 = this.size
val cols1 = this[0].size
val rows2 = other.size
val cols2 = other[0].size
require(cols1 == rows2)
val result = Matrix(rows1) { Vector(cols2) }
for (i in 0 until rows1) {
for (j in 0 until cols2) {
for (k in 0 until rows2) {
result[i][j] += this[i][k] * other[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
fun identityMatrix(n: Int): Matrix {
require(n >= 1)
val ident = Matrix(n) { Vector(n) }
for (i in 0 until n) ident[i][i] = 1.0
return ident
}
infix fun Matrix.pow(n : Int): Matrix {
require (n >= 0 && this.size == this[0].size)
if (n == 0) return identityMatrix(this.size)
if (n == 1) return this
var pow = identityMatrix(this.size)
var base = this
var e = n
while (e > 0) {
if ((e and 1) == 1) pow *= base
e = e shr 1
base *= base
}
return pow
}
fun printMatrix(m: Matrix, n: Int) {
println("** Power of $n **")
for (i in 0 until m.size) println(m[i].contentToString())
println()
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val m = arrayOf(
doubleArrayOf(3.0, 2.0),
doubleArrayOf(2.0, 1.0)
)
for (i in 0..10) printMatrix(m pow i, i)
}
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Change the following Tcl code into C without altering its purpose. | package require Tcl 8.5
namespace path {::tcl::mathop ::tcl::mathfunc}
proc matrix_exp {m pow} {
if { ! [string is int -strict $pow]} {
error "non-integer exponents not implemented"
}
if {$pow < 0} {
error "negative exponents not implemented"
}
lassign [size $m] rows cols
set temp [identity $rows]
for {set n 1} {$n <= $pow} {incr n} {
set temp [matrix_multiply $temp $m]
}
return $temp
}
proc identity {size} {
set i [lrepeat $size [lrepeat $size 0]]
for {set n 0} {$n < $size} {incr n} {lset i $n $n 1}
return $i
}
| #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
|
Translate the given Tcl code snippet into C# without altering its behavior. | package require Tcl 8.5
namespace path {::tcl::mathop ::tcl::mathfunc}
proc matrix_exp {m pow} {
if { ! [string is int -strict $pow]} {
error "non-integer exponents not implemented"
}
if {$pow < 0} {
error "negative exponents not implemented"
}
lassign [size $m] rows cols
set temp [identity $rows]
for {set n 1} {$n <= $pow} {incr n} {
set temp [matrix_multiply $temp $m]
}
return $temp
}
proc identity {size} {
set i [lrepeat $size [lrepeat $size 0]]
for {set n 0} {$n < $size} {incr n} {lset i $n $n 1}
return $i
}
| using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
|
Convert the following code from Tcl to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact. | package require Tcl 8.5
namespace path {::tcl::mathop ::tcl::mathfunc}
proc matrix_exp {m pow} {
if { ! [string is int -strict $pow]} {
error "non-integer exponents not implemented"
}
if {$pow < 0} {
error "negative exponents not implemented"
}
lassign [size $m] rows cols
set temp [identity $rows]
for {set n 1} {$n <= $pow} {incr n} {
set temp [matrix_multiply $temp $m]
}
return $temp
}
proc identity {size} {
set i [lrepeat $size [lrepeat $size 0]]
for {set n 0} {$n < $size} {incr n} {lset i $n $n 1}
return $i
}
| #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
|
Please provide an equivalent version of this Tcl code in Python. | package require Tcl 8.5
namespace path {::tcl::mathop ::tcl::mathfunc}
proc matrix_exp {m pow} {
if { ! [string is int -strict $pow]} {
error "non-integer exponents not implemented"
}
if {$pow < 0} {
error "negative exponents not implemented"
}
lassign [size $m] rows cols
set temp [identity $rows]
for {set n 1} {$n <= $pow} {incr n} {
set temp [matrix_multiply $temp $m]
}
return $temp
}
proc identity {size} {
set i [lrepeat $size [lrepeat $size 0]]
for {set n 0} {$n < $size} {incr n} {lset i $n $n 1}
return $i
}
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Tcl to VB, same semantics. | package require Tcl 8.5
namespace path {::tcl::mathop ::tcl::mathfunc}
proc matrix_exp {m pow} {
if { ! [string is int -strict $pow]} {
error "non-integer exponents not implemented"
}
if {$pow < 0} {
error "negative exponents not implemented"
}
lassign [size $m] rows cols
set temp [identity $rows]
for {set n 1} {$n <= $pow} {incr n} {
set temp [matrix_multiply $temp $m]
}
return $temp
}
proc identity {size} {
set i [lrepeat $size [lrepeat $size 0]]
for {set n 0} {$n < $size} {incr n} {lset i $n $n 1}
return $i
}
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this Tcl implementation. | package require Tcl 8.5
namespace path {::tcl::mathop ::tcl::mathfunc}
proc matrix_exp {m pow} {
if { ! [string is int -strict $pow]} {
error "non-integer exponents not implemented"
}
if {$pow < 0} {
error "negative exponents not implemented"
}
lassign [size $m] rows cols
set temp [identity $rows]
for {set n 1} {$n <= $pow} {incr n} {
set temp [matrix_multiply $temp $m]
}
return $temp
}
proc identity {size} {
set i [lrepeat $size [lrepeat $size 0]]
for {set n 0} {$n < $size} {incr n} {lset i $n $n 1}
return $i
}
| package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
|
Please provide an equivalent version of this C++ code in Rust. | #include <complex>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int MSize = 3, class T = complex<double> >
class SqMx {
typedef T Ax[MSize][MSize];
typedef SqMx<MSize, T> Mx;
private:
Ax a;
SqMx() { }
public:
SqMx(const Ax &_a) {
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
a[r][c] = _a[r][c];
}
static Mx identity() {
Mx m;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++)
m.a[r][c] = (r == c ? 1 : 0);
return m;
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream& os, const Mx &p)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < MSize; j++)
os << p.a[i][j] << ',';
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
Mx operator*(const Mx &b) {
Mx d;
for (int r = 0; r < MSize; r++)
for (int c = 0; c < MSize; c++) {
d.a[r][c] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < MSize; k++)
d.a[r][c] += a[r][k] * b.a[k][c];
}
return d;
}
| use std::fmt;
use std::ops;
const WIDTH: usize = 6;
#[derive(Clone)]
struct SqMat {
data: Vec<Vec<i64>>,
}
impl fmt::Debug for SqMat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let mut row = "".to_string();
for i in &self.data {
for j in i {
row += &format!("{:>w$} ", j, w = WIDTH);
}
row += &"\n";
}
write!(f, "{}", row)
}
}
impl ops::BitXor<u32> for SqMat {
type Output = Self;
fn bitxor(self, n: u32) -> Self::Output {
let mut aux = self.data.clone();
let mut ans: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![0; aux.len()]; aux.len()],
};
for i in 0..aux.len() {
ans.data[i][i] = 1;
}
let mut b = n;
while b > 0 {
if b & 1 > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += ans.data[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
ans.data = tmp;
}
b >>= 1;
if b > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += aux[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
aux = tmp;
}
}
ans
}
}
fn main() {
let sm: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![1, 2, 0], vec![0, 3, 1], vec![1, 0, 0]],
};
for i in 0..11 {
println!("Power of {}:\n{:?}", i, sm.clone() ^ i);
}
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python. | use std::fmt;
use std::ops;
const WIDTH: usize = 6;
#[derive(Clone)]
struct SqMat {
data: Vec<Vec<i64>>,
}
impl fmt::Debug for SqMat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let mut row = "".to_string();
for i in &self.data {
for j in i {
row += &format!("{:>w$} ", j, w = WIDTH);
}
row += &"\n";
}
write!(f, "{}", row)
}
}
impl ops::BitXor<u32> for SqMat {
type Output = Self;
fn bitxor(self, n: u32) -> Self::Output {
let mut aux = self.data.clone();
let mut ans: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![0; aux.len()]; aux.len()],
};
for i in 0..aux.len() {
ans.data[i][i] = 1;
}
let mut b = n;
while b > 0 {
if b & 1 > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += ans.data[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
ans.data = tmp;
}
b >>= 1;
if b > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += aux[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
aux = tmp;
}
}
ans
}
}
fn main() {
let sm: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![1, 2, 0], vec![0, 3, 1], vec![1, 0, 0]],
};
for i in 0..11 {
println!("Power of {}:\n{:?}", i, sm.clone() ^ i);
}
}
| >>> from operator import mul
>>> def matrixMul(m1, m2):
return map(
lambda row:
map(
lambda *column:
sum(map(mul, row, column)),
*m2),
m1)
>>> def identity(size):
size = range(size)
return [[(i==j)*1 for i in size] for j in size]
>>> def matrixExp(m, pow):
assert pow>=0 and int(pow)==pow, "Only non-negative, integer powers allowed"
accumulator = identity(len(m))
for i in range(pow):
accumulator = matrixMul(accumulator, m)
return accumulator
>>> def printtable(data):
for row in data:
print ' '.join('%-5s' % ('%s' % cell) for cell in row)
>>> m = [[3,2], [2,1]]
>>> for i in range(5):
print '\n%i:' % i
printtable( matrixExp(m, i) )
0:
1 0
0 1
1:
3 2
2 1
2:
13 8
8 5
3:
55 34
34 21
4:
233 144
144 89
>>> printtable( matrixExp(m, 10) )
1346269 832040
832040 514229
>>>
|
Translate this program into VB but keep the logic exactly as in Rust. | use std::fmt;
use std::ops;
const WIDTH: usize = 6;
#[derive(Clone)]
struct SqMat {
data: Vec<Vec<i64>>,
}
impl fmt::Debug for SqMat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let mut row = "".to_string();
for i in &self.data {
for j in i {
row += &format!("{:>w$} ", j, w = WIDTH);
}
row += &"\n";
}
write!(f, "{}", row)
}
}
impl ops::BitXor<u32> for SqMat {
type Output = Self;
fn bitxor(self, n: u32) -> Self::Output {
let mut aux = self.data.clone();
let mut ans: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![0; aux.len()]; aux.len()],
};
for i in 0..aux.len() {
ans.data[i][i] = 1;
}
let mut b = n;
while b > 0 {
if b & 1 > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += ans.data[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
ans.data = tmp;
}
b >>= 1;
if b > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += aux[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
aux = tmp;
}
}
ans
}
}
fn main() {
let sm: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![1, 2, 0], vec![0, 3, 1], vec![1, 0, 0]],
};
for i in 0..11 {
println!("Power of {}:\n{:?}", i, sm.clone() ^ i);
}
}
| Option Base 1
Private Function Identity(n As Integer) As Variant
Dim I() As Variant
ReDim I(n, n)
For j = 1 To n
For k = 1 To n
I(j, k) = 0
Next k
Next j
For j = 1 To n
I(j, j) = 1
Next j
Identity = I
End Function
Function MatrixExponentiation(ByVal x As Variant, ByVal n As Integer) As Variant
If n < 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MInverse(x)
n = -n
End If
If n = 0 Then
MatrixExponentiation = Identity(UBound(x))
Exit Function
End If
Dim y() As Variant
y = Identity(UBound(x))
Do While n > 1
If n Mod 2 = 0 Then
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = n / 2
Else
y = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
x = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, x)
n = (n - 1) / 2
End If
Loop
MatrixExponentiation = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function
Public Sub pp(x As Variant)
For i_ = 1 To UBound(x)
For j_ = 1 To UBound(x)
Debug.Print x(i_, j_),
Next j_
Debug.Print
Next i_
End Sub
Public Sub main()
M2 = [{3,2;2,1}]
M3 = [{1,2,0;0,3,1;1,0,0}]
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, -1)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 0)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M2, 10)
Debug.Print
pp MatrixExponentiation(M3, 10)
End Sub
|
Rewrite this program in Rust while keeping its functionality equivalent to the C version. | #include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct squareMtxStruct {
int dim;
double *cells;
double **m;
} *SquareMtx;
typedef void (*FillFunc)( double *cells, int r, int dim, void *ff_data);
SquareMtx NewSquareMtx( int dim, FillFunc fillFunc, void *ff_data )
{
SquareMtx sm = malloc(sizeof(struct squareMtxStruct));
if (sm) {
int rw;
sm->dim = dim;
sm->cells = malloc(dim*dim * sizeof(double));
sm->m = malloc( dim * sizeof(double *));
if ((sm->cells != NULL) && (sm->m != NULL)) {
for (rw=0; rw<dim; rw++) {
sm->m[rw] = sm->cells + dim*rw;
fillFunc( sm->m[rw], rw, dim, ff_data );
}
}
else {
free(sm->m);
free(sm->cells);
free(sm);
printf("Square Matrix allocation failure\n");
return NULL;
}
}
else {
printf("Malloc failed for square matrix\n");
}
return sm;
}
void ffMatxSquare( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m0 )
{
int col, ix;
double sum;
double *m0rw = m0->m[rw];
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * m0->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void ffMatxMulply( double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx mplcnds[] )
{
SquareMtx mleft = mplcnds[0];
SquareMtx mrigt = mplcnds[1];
double sum;
double *m0rw = mleft->m[rw];
int col, ix;
for (col = 0; col < dim; col++) {
sum = 0.0;
for (ix=0; ix<dim; ix++)
sum += m0rw[ix] * mrigt->m[ix][col];
cells[col] = sum;
}
}
void MatxMul( SquareMtx mr, SquareMtx left, SquareMtx rigt)
{
int rw;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2];
mplcnds[0] = left; mplcnds[1] = rigt;
for (rw = 0; rw < left->dim; rw++)
ffMatxMulply( mr->m[rw], rw, left->dim, mplcnds);
}
void ffIdentity( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *v )
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = 0.0;
cells[rw] = 1.0;
}
void ffCopy(double *cells, int rw, int dim, SquareMtx m1)
{
int col;
for (col=0; col<dim; col++) cells[col] = m1->m[rw][col];
}
void FreeSquareMtx( SquareMtx m )
{
free(m->m);
free(m->cells);
free(m);
}
SquareMtx SquareMtxPow( SquareMtx m0, int exp )
{
SquareMtx v0 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffIdentity, NULL);
SquareMtx v1 = NULL;
SquareMtx base0 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffCopy, m0);
SquareMtx base1 = NULL;
SquareMtx mplcnds[2], t;
while (exp) {
if (exp % 2) {
if (v1)
MatxMul( v1, v0, base0);
else {
mplcnds[0] = v0; mplcnds[1] = base0;
v1 = NewSquareMtx(m0->dim, ffMatxMulply, mplcnds);
}
{t = v0; v0=v1; v1 = t;}
}
if (base1)
MatxMul( base1, base0, base0);
else
base1 = NewSquareMtx( m0->dim, ffMatxSquare, base0);
t = base0; base0 = base1; base1 = t;
exp = exp/2;
}
if (base0) FreeSquareMtx(base0);
if (base1) FreeSquareMtx(base1);
if (v1) FreeSquareMtx(v1);
return v0;
}
FILE *fout;
void SquareMtxPrint( SquareMtx mtx, const char *mn )
{
int rw, col;
int d = mtx->dim;
fprintf(fout, "%s dim:%d =\n", mn, mtx->dim);
for (rw=0; rw<d; rw++) {
fprintf(fout, " |");
for(col=0; col<d; col++)
fprintf(fout, "%8.5f ",mtx->m[rw][col] );
fprintf(fout, " |\n");
}
fprintf(fout, "\n");
}
void fillInit( double *cells, int rw, int dim, void *data)
{
double theta = 3.1415926536/6.0;
double c1 = cos( theta);
double s1 = sin( theta);
switch(rw) {
case 0:
cells[0]=c1; cells[1]=s1; cells[2]=0.0;
break;
case 1:
cells[0]=-s1; cells[1]=c1; cells[2]=0;
break;
case 2:
cells[0]=0.0; cells[1]=0.0; cells[2]=1.0;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
SquareMtx m0 = NewSquareMtx( 3, fillInit, NULL);
SquareMtx m1 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 5);
SquareMtx m2 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 9);
SquareMtx m3 = SquareMtxPow( m0, 2);
fout = fopen("matrx_exp.txt", "w");
SquareMtxPrint(m0, "m0"); FreeSquareMtx(m0);
SquareMtxPrint(m1, "m0^5"); FreeSquareMtx(m1);
SquareMtxPrint(m2, "m0^9"); FreeSquareMtx(m2);
SquareMtxPrint(m3, "m0^2"); FreeSquareMtx(m3);
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
| use std::fmt;
use std::ops;
const WIDTH: usize = 6;
#[derive(Clone)]
struct SqMat {
data: Vec<Vec<i64>>,
}
impl fmt::Debug for SqMat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let mut row = "".to_string();
for i in &self.data {
for j in i {
row += &format!("{:>w$} ", j, w = WIDTH);
}
row += &"\n";
}
write!(f, "{}", row)
}
}
impl ops::BitXor<u32> for SqMat {
type Output = Self;
fn bitxor(self, n: u32) -> Self::Output {
let mut aux = self.data.clone();
let mut ans: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![0; aux.len()]; aux.len()],
};
for i in 0..aux.len() {
ans.data[i][i] = 1;
}
let mut b = n;
while b > 0 {
if b & 1 > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += ans.data[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
ans.data = tmp;
}
b >>= 1;
if b > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += aux[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
aux = tmp;
}
}
ans
}
}
fn main() {
let sm: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![1, 2, 0], vec![0, 3, 1], vec![1, 0, 0]],
};
for i in 0..11 {
println!("Power of {}:\n{:?}", i, sm.clone() ^ i);
}
}
|
Port the provided C# code into Rust while preserving the original functionality. | using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class MatrixExponentation
{
public static double[,] Identity(int size) {
double[,] matrix = new double[size, size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) matrix[i, i] = 1;
return matrix;
}
public static double[,] Multiply(this double[,] left, double[,] right) {
if (left.ColumnCount() != right.RowCount()) throw new ArgumentException();
double[,] m = new double[left.RowCount(), right.ColumnCount()];
foreach (var (row, column) in from r in Range(0, m.RowCount()) from c in Range(0, m.ColumnCount()) select (r, c)) {
m[row, column] = Range(0, m.RowCount()).Sum(i => left[row, i] * right[i, column]);
}
return m;
}
public static double[,] Pow(this double[,] matrix, int exp) {
if (matrix.RowCount() != matrix.ColumnCount()) throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be square.");
double[,] accumulator = Identity(matrix.RowCount());
for (int i = 0; i < exp; i++) {
accumulator = accumulator.Multiply(matrix);
}
return accumulator;
}
private static int RowCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(0);
private static int ColumnCount(this double[,] matrix) => matrix.GetLength(1);
private static void Print(this double[,] m) {
foreach (var row in Rows()) {
Console.WriteLine("[ " + string.Join(" ", row) + " ]");
}
Console.WriteLine();
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<double>> Rows() =>
Range(0, m.RowCount()).Select(row => Range(0, m.ColumnCount()).Select(column => m[row, column]));
}
public static void Main() {
var matrix = new double[,] {
{ 3, 2 },
{ 2, 1 }
};
matrix.Pow(0).Print();
matrix.Pow(1).Print();
matrix.Pow(2).Print();
matrix.Pow(3).Print();
matrix.Pow(4).Print();
matrix.Pow(50).Print();
}
}
| use std::fmt;
use std::ops;
const WIDTH: usize = 6;
#[derive(Clone)]
struct SqMat {
data: Vec<Vec<i64>>,
}
impl fmt::Debug for SqMat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let mut row = "".to_string();
for i in &self.data {
for j in i {
row += &format!("{:>w$} ", j, w = WIDTH);
}
row += &"\n";
}
write!(f, "{}", row)
}
}
impl ops::BitXor<u32> for SqMat {
type Output = Self;
fn bitxor(self, n: u32) -> Self::Output {
let mut aux = self.data.clone();
let mut ans: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![0; aux.len()]; aux.len()],
};
for i in 0..aux.len() {
ans.data[i][i] = 1;
}
let mut b = n;
while b > 0 {
if b & 1 > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += ans.data[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
ans.data = tmp;
}
b >>= 1;
if b > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += aux[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
aux = tmp;
}
}
ans
}
}
fn main() {
let sm: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![1, 2, 0], vec![0, 3, 1], vec![1, 0, 0]],
};
for i in 0..11 {
println!("Power of {}:\n{:?}", i, sm.clone() ^ i);
}
}
|
Rewrite this program in Rust while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version. | package main
import "fmt"
type vector = []float64
type matrix []vector
func (m1 matrix) mul(m2 matrix) matrix {
rows1, cols1 := len(m1), len(m1[0])
rows2, cols2 := len(m2), len(m2[0])
if cols1 != rows2 {
panic("Matrices cannot be multiplied.")
}
result := make(matrix, rows1)
for i := 0; i < rows1; i++ {
result[i] = make(vector, cols2)
for j := 0; j < cols2; j++ {
for k := 0; k < rows2; k++ {
result[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j]
}
}
}
return result
}
func identityMatrix(n int) matrix {
if n < 1 {
panic("Size of identity matrix can't be less than 1")
}
ident := make(matrix, n)
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
ident[i] = make(vector, n)
ident[i][i] = 1
}
return ident
}
func (m matrix) pow(n int) matrix {
le := len(m)
if le != len(m[0]) {
panic("Not a square matrix")
}
switch {
case n < 0:
panic("Negative exponents not supported")
case n == 0:
return identityMatrix(le)
case n == 1:
return m
}
pow := identityMatrix(le)
base := m
e := n
for e > 0 {
if (e & 1) == 1 {
pow = pow.mul(base)
}
e >>= 1
base = base.mul(base)
}
return pow
}
func main() {
m := matrix{{3, 2}, {2, 1}}
for i := 0; i <= 10; i++ {
fmt.Println("** Power of", i, "**")
fmt.Println(m.pow(i))
fmt.Println()
}
}
| use std::fmt;
use std::ops;
const WIDTH: usize = 6;
#[derive(Clone)]
struct SqMat {
data: Vec<Vec<i64>>,
}
impl fmt::Debug for SqMat {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
let mut row = "".to_string();
for i in &self.data {
for j in i {
row += &format!("{:>w$} ", j, w = WIDTH);
}
row += &"\n";
}
write!(f, "{}", row)
}
}
impl ops::BitXor<u32> for SqMat {
type Output = Self;
fn bitxor(self, n: u32) -> Self::Output {
let mut aux = self.data.clone();
let mut ans: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![0; aux.len()]; aux.len()],
};
for i in 0..aux.len() {
ans.data[i][i] = 1;
}
let mut b = n;
while b > 0 {
if b & 1 > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += ans.data[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
ans.data = tmp;
}
b >>= 1;
if b > 0 {
let mut tmp = aux.clone();
for i in 0..aux.len() {
for j in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] = 0;
for k in 0..aux.len() {
tmp[i][j] += aux[i][k] * aux[k][j];
}
}
}
aux = tmp;
}
}
ans
}
}
fn main() {
let sm: SqMat = SqMat {
data: vec![vec![1, 2, 0], vec![0, 3, 1], vec![1, 0, 0]],
};
for i in 0..11 {
println!("Power of {}:\n{:?}", i, sm.clone() ^ i);
}
}
|
Translate this program into C# but keep the logic exactly as in Ada. | with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
with Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation;
with Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists;
procedure Tree_Traversal is
type Node;
type Node_Access is access Node;
type Node is record
Left : Node_Access := null;
Right : Node_Access := null;
Data : Integer;
end record;
procedure Destroy_Tree(N : in out Node_Access) is
procedure free is new Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation(Node, Node_Access);
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Right);
end if;
Free(N);
end Destroy_Tree;
function Tree(Value : Integer; Left : Node_Access; Right : Node_Access) return Node_Access is
Temp : Node_Access := new Node;
begin
Temp.Data := Value;
Temp.Left := Left;
Temp.Right := Right;
return Temp;
end Tree;
procedure Preorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Left /= null then
Preorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Preorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Preorder;
procedure Inorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Inorder(N.Left);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Right /= null then
Inorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Inorder;
procedure Postorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Postorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Postorder(N.Right);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
end Postorder;
procedure Levelorder(N : Node_Access) is
package Queues is new Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists(Node_Access);
use Queues;
Node_Queue : List;
Next : Node_Access;
begin
Node_Queue.Append(N);
while not Is_Empty(Node_Queue) loop
Next := First_Element(Node_Queue);
Delete_First(Node_Queue);
Put(Integer'Image(Next.Data));
if Next.Left /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Left);
end if;
if Next.Right /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Right);
end if;
end loop;
end Levelorder;
N : Node_Access;
begin
N := Tree(1,
Tree(2,
Tree(4,
Tree(7, null, null),
null),
Tree(5, null, null)),
Tree(3,
Tree(6,
Tree(8, null, null),
Tree(9, null, null)),
null));
Put("preorder: ");
Preorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("inorder: ");
Inorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("postorder: ");
Postorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("level order: ");
Levelorder(N);
New_Line;
Destroy_Tree(N);
end Tree_traversal;
| using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
class Node
{
int Value;
Node Left;
Node Right;
Node(int value = default(int), Node left = default(Node), Node right = default(Node))
{
Value = value;
Left = left;
Right = right;
}
IEnumerable<int> Preorder()
{
yield return Value;
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Preorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Preorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Inorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Inorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Inorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Postorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Postorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Postorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
}
IEnumerable<int> LevelOrder()
{
var queue = new Queue<Node>();
queue.Enqueue(this);
while (queue.Any())
{
var node = queue.Dequeue();
yield return node.Value;
if (node.Left != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Left);
if (node.Right != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Right);
}
}
static void Main()
{
var tree = new Node(1, new Node(2, new Node(4, new Node(7)), new Node(5)), new Node(3, new Node(6, new Node(8), new Node(9))));
foreach (var traversal in new Func<IEnumerable<int>>[] { tree.Preorder, tree.Inorder, tree.Postorder, tree.LevelOrder })
Console.WriteLine("{0}:\t{1}", traversal.Method.Name, string.Join(" ", traversal()));
}
}
|
Translate the given Ada code snippet into C without altering its behavior. | with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
with Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation;
with Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists;
procedure Tree_Traversal is
type Node;
type Node_Access is access Node;
type Node is record
Left : Node_Access := null;
Right : Node_Access := null;
Data : Integer;
end record;
procedure Destroy_Tree(N : in out Node_Access) is
procedure free is new Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation(Node, Node_Access);
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Right);
end if;
Free(N);
end Destroy_Tree;
function Tree(Value : Integer; Left : Node_Access; Right : Node_Access) return Node_Access is
Temp : Node_Access := new Node;
begin
Temp.Data := Value;
Temp.Left := Left;
Temp.Right := Right;
return Temp;
end Tree;
procedure Preorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Left /= null then
Preorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Preorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Preorder;
procedure Inorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Inorder(N.Left);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Right /= null then
Inorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Inorder;
procedure Postorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Postorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Postorder(N.Right);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
end Postorder;
procedure Levelorder(N : Node_Access) is
package Queues is new Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists(Node_Access);
use Queues;
Node_Queue : List;
Next : Node_Access;
begin
Node_Queue.Append(N);
while not Is_Empty(Node_Queue) loop
Next := First_Element(Node_Queue);
Delete_First(Node_Queue);
Put(Integer'Image(Next.Data));
if Next.Left /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Left);
end if;
if Next.Right /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Right);
end if;
end loop;
end Levelorder;
N : Node_Access;
begin
N := Tree(1,
Tree(2,
Tree(4,
Tree(7, null, null),
null),
Tree(5, null, null)),
Tree(3,
Tree(6,
Tree(8, null, null),
Tree(9, null, null)),
null));
Put("preorder: ");
Preorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("inorder: ");
Inorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("postorder: ");
Postorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("level order: ");
Levelorder(N);
New_Line;
Destroy_Tree(N);
end Tree_traversal;
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct node_s
{
int value;
struct node_s* left;
struct node_s* right;
} *node;
node tree(int v, node l, node r)
{
node n = malloc(sizeof(struct node_s));
n->value = v;
n->left = l;
n->right = r;
return n;
}
void destroy_tree(node n)
{
if (n->left)
destroy_tree(n->left);
if (n->right)
destroy_tree(n->right);
free(n);
}
void preorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
f(n->value);
if (n->left)
preorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
preorder(n->right, f);
}
void inorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
inorder(n->left, f);
f(n->value);
if (n->right)
inorder(n->right, f);
}
void postorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
postorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
postorder(n->right, f);
f(n->value);
}
typedef struct qnode_s
{
struct qnode_s* next;
node value;
} *qnode;
typedef struct { qnode begin, end; } queue;
void enqueue(queue* q, node n)
{
qnode node = malloc(sizeof(struct qnode_s));
node->value = n;
node->next = 0;
if (q->end)
q->end->next = node;
else
q->begin = node;
q->end = node;
}
node dequeue(queue* q)
{
node tmp = q->begin->value;
qnode second = q->begin->next;
free(q->begin);
q->begin = second;
if (!q->begin)
q->end = 0;
return tmp;
}
int queue_empty(queue* q)
{
return !q->begin;
}
void levelorder(node n, void(*f)(int))
{
queue nodequeue = {};
enqueue(&nodequeue, n);
while (!queue_empty(&nodequeue))
{
node next = dequeue(&nodequeue);
f(next->value);
if (next->left)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->left);
if (next->right)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->right);
}
}
void print(int n)
{
printf("%d ", n);
}
int main()
{
node n = tree(1,
tree(2,
tree(4,
tree(7, 0, 0),
0),
tree(5, 0, 0)),
tree(3,
tree(6,
tree(8, 0, 0),
tree(9, 0, 0)),
0));
printf("preorder: ");
preorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("inorder: ");
inorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("postorder: ");
postorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("level-order: ");
levelorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
destroy_tree(n);
return 0;
}
|
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Ada to C++, same semantics. | with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
with Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation;
with Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists;
procedure Tree_Traversal is
type Node;
type Node_Access is access Node;
type Node is record
Left : Node_Access := null;
Right : Node_Access := null;
Data : Integer;
end record;
procedure Destroy_Tree(N : in out Node_Access) is
procedure free is new Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation(Node, Node_Access);
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Right);
end if;
Free(N);
end Destroy_Tree;
function Tree(Value : Integer; Left : Node_Access; Right : Node_Access) return Node_Access is
Temp : Node_Access := new Node;
begin
Temp.Data := Value;
Temp.Left := Left;
Temp.Right := Right;
return Temp;
end Tree;
procedure Preorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Left /= null then
Preorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Preorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Preorder;
procedure Inorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Inorder(N.Left);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Right /= null then
Inorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Inorder;
procedure Postorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Postorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Postorder(N.Right);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
end Postorder;
procedure Levelorder(N : Node_Access) is
package Queues is new Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists(Node_Access);
use Queues;
Node_Queue : List;
Next : Node_Access;
begin
Node_Queue.Append(N);
while not Is_Empty(Node_Queue) loop
Next := First_Element(Node_Queue);
Delete_First(Node_Queue);
Put(Integer'Image(Next.Data));
if Next.Left /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Left);
end if;
if Next.Right /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Right);
end if;
end loop;
end Levelorder;
N : Node_Access;
begin
N := Tree(1,
Tree(2,
Tree(4,
Tree(7, null, null),
null),
Tree(5, null, null)),
Tree(3,
Tree(6,
Tree(8, null, null),
Tree(9, null, null)),
null));
Put("preorder: ");
Preorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("inorder: ");
Inorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("postorder: ");
Postorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("level order: ");
Levelorder(N);
New_Line;
Destroy_Tree(N);
end Tree_traversal;
| #include <boost/scoped_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
template<typename T>
class TreeNode {
public:
TreeNode(const T& n, TreeNode* left = NULL, TreeNode* right = NULL)
: mValue(n),
mLeft(left),
mRight(right) {}
T getValue() const {
return mValue;
}
TreeNode* left() const {
return mLeft.get();
}
TreeNode* right() const {
return mRight.get();
}
void preorderTraverse() const {
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mLeft) { mLeft->preorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->preorderTraverse(); }
}
void inorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->inorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mRight) { mRight->inorderTraverse(); }
}
void postorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->postorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->postorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
}
void levelorderTraverse() const {
std::queue<const TreeNode*> q;
q.push(this);
while(!q.empty()) {
const TreeNode* n = q.front();
q.pop();
std::cout << " " << n->getValue();
if(n->left()) { q.push(n->left()); }
if(n->right()) { q.push(n->right()); }
}
}
protected:
T mValue;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mLeft;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mRight;
private:
TreeNode();
};
int main() {
TreeNode<int> root(1,
new TreeNode<int>(2,
new TreeNode<int>(4,
new TreeNode<int>(7)),
new TreeNode<int>(5)),
new TreeNode<int>(3,
new TreeNode<int>(6,
new TreeNode<int>(8),
new TreeNode<int>(9))));
std::cout << "preorder: ";
root.preorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "inorder: ";
root.inorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "postorder: ";
root.postorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "level-order:";
root.levelorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
|
Generate an equivalent Go version of this Ada code. | with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
with Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation;
with Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists;
procedure Tree_Traversal is
type Node;
type Node_Access is access Node;
type Node is record
Left : Node_Access := null;
Right : Node_Access := null;
Data : Integer;
end record;
procedure Destroy_Tree(N : in out Node_Access) is
procedure free is new Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation(Node, Node_Access);
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Right);
end if;
Free(N);
end Destroy_Tree;
function Tree(Value : Integer; Left : Node_Access; Right : Node_Access) return Node_Access is
Temp : Node_Access := new Node;
begin
Temp.Data := Value;
Temp.Left := Left;
Temp.Right := Right;
return Temp;
end Tree;
procedure Preorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Left /= null then
Preorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Preorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Preorder;
procedure Inorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Inorder(N.Left);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Right /= null then
Inorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Inorder;
procedure Postorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Postorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Postorder(N.Right);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
end Postorder;
procedure Levelorder(N : Node_Access) is
package Queues is new Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists(Node_Access);
use Queues;
Node_Queue : List;
Next : Node_Access;
begin
Node_Queue.Append(N);
while not Is_Empty(Node_Queue) loop
Next := First_Element(Node_Queue);
Delete_First(Node_Queue);
Put(Integer'Image(Next.Data));
if Next.Left /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Left);
end if;
if Next.Right /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Right);
end if;
end loop;
end Levelorder;
N : Node_Access;
begin
N := Tree(1,
Tree(2,
Tree(4,
Tree(7, null, null),
null),
Tree(5, null, null)),
Tree(3,
Tree(6,
Tree(8, null, null),
Tree(9, null, null)),
null));
Put("preorder: ");
Preorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("inorder: ");
Inorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("postorder: ");
Postorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("level order: ");
Levelorder(N);
New_Line;
Destroy_Tree(N);
end Tree_traversal;
| package main
import "fmt"
type node struct {
value int
left, right *node
}
func (n *node) iterPreorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
visit(n.value)
n.left.iterPreorder(visit)
n.right.iterPreorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterInorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterInorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
n.right.iterInorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterPostorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterPostorder(visit)
n.right.iterPostorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
}
func (n *node) iterLevelorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
for queue := []*node{n}; ; {
n = queue[0]
visit(n.value)
copy(queue, queue[1:])
queue = queue[:len(queue)-1]
if n.left != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.left)
}
if n.right != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.right)
}
if len(queue) == 0 {
return
}
}
}
func main() {
tree := &node{1,
&node{2,
&node{4,
&node{7, nil, nil},
nil},
&node{5, nil, nil}},
&node{3,
&node{6,
&node{8, nil, nil},
&node{9, nil, nil}},
nil}}
fmt.Print("preorder: ")
tree.iterPreorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("inorder: ")
tree.iterInorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("postorder: ")
tree.iterPostorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("level-order: ")
tree.iterLevelorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
}
func visitor(value int) {
fmt.Print(value, " ")
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Java. | with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
with Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation;
with Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists;
procedure Tree_Traversal is
type Node;
type Node_Access is access Node;
type Node is record
Left : Node_Access := null;
Right : Node_Access := null;
Data : Integer;
end record;
procedure Destroy_Tree(N : in out Node_Access) is
procedure free is new Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation(Node, Node_Access);
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Right);
end if;
Free(N);
end Destroy_Tree;
function Tree(Value : Integer; Left : Node_Access; Right : Node_Access) return Node_Access is
Temp : Node_Access := new Node;
begin
Temp.Data := Value;
Temp.Left := Left;
Temp.Right := Right;
return Temp;
end Tree;
procedure Preorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Left /= null then
Preorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Preorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Preorder;
procedure Inorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Inorder(N.Left);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Right /= null then
Inorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Inorder;
procedure Postorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Postorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Postorder(N.Right);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
end Postorder;
procedure Levelorder(N : Node_Access) is
package Queues is new Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists(Node_Access);
use Queues;
Node_Queue : List;
Next : Node_Access;
begin
Node_Queue.Append(N);
while not Is_Empty(Node_Queue) loop
Next := First_Element(Node_Queue);
Delete_First(Node_Queue);
Put(Integer'Image(Next.Data));
if Next.Left /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Left);
end if;
if Next.Right /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Right);
end if;
end loop;
end Levelorder;
N : Node_Access;
begin
N := Tree(1,
Tree(2,
Tree(4,
Tree(7, null, null),
null),
Tree(5, null, null)),
Tree(3,
Tree(6,
Tree(8, null, null),
Tree(9, null, null)),
null));
Put("preorder: ");
Preorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("inorder: ");
Inorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("postorder: ");
Postorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("level order: ");
Levelorder(N);
New_Line;
Destroy_Tree(N);
end Tree_traversal;
| import java.util.*;
public class TreeTraversal {
static class Node<T> {
T value;
Node<T> left;
Node<T> right;
Node(T value) {
this.value = value;
}
void visit() {
System.out.print(this.value + " ");
}
}
static enum ORDER {
PREORDER, INORDER, POSTORDER, LEVEL
}
static <T> void traverse(Node<T> node, ORDER order) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
switch (order) {
case PREORDER:
node.visit();
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case INORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
node.visit();
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case POSTORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
node.visit();
break;
case LEVEL:
Queue<Node<T>> queue = new LinkedList<>();
queue.add(node);
while(!queue.isEmpty()){
Node<T> next = queue.remove();
next.visit();
if(next.left!=null)
queue.add(next.left);
if(next.right!=null)
queue.add(next.right);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Node<Integer> one = new Node<Integer>(1);
Node<Integer> two = new Node<Integer>(2);
Node<Integer> three = new Node<Integer>(3);
Node<Integer> four = new Node<Integer>(4);
Node<Integer> five = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> six = new Node<Integer>(6);
Node<Integer> seven = new Node<Integer>(7);
Node<Integer> eight = new Node<Integer>(8);
Node<Integer> nine = new Node<Integer>(9);
one.left = two;
one.right = three;
two.left = four;
two.right = five;
three.left = six;
four.left = seven;
six.left = eight;
six.right = nine;
traverse(one, ORDER.PREORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.INORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.POSTORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.LEVEL);
}
}
|
Translate the given Ada code snippet into Python without altering its behavior. | with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
with Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation;
with Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists;
procedure Tree_Traversal is
type Node;
type Node_Access is access Node;
type Node is record
Left : Node_Access := null;
Right : Node_Access := null;
Data : Integer;
end record;
procedure Destroy_Tree(N : in out Node_Access) is
procedure free is new Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation(Node, Node_Access);
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Right);
end if;
Free(N);
end Destroy_Tree;
function Tree(Value : Integer; Left : Node_Access; Right : Node_Access) return Node_Access is
Temp : Node_Access := new Node;
begin
Temp.Data := Value;
Temp.Left := Left;
Temp.Right := Right;
return Temp;
end Tree;
procedure Preorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Left /= null then
Preorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Preorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Preorder;
procedure Inorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Inorder(N.Left);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Right /= null then
Inorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Inorder;
procedure Postorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Postorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Postorder(N.Right);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
end Postorder;
procedure Levelorder(N : Node_Access) is
package Queues is new Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists(Node_Access);
use Queues;
Node_Queue : List;
Next : Node_Access;
begin
Node_Queue.Append(N);
while not Is_Empty(Node_Queue) loop
Next := First_Element(Node_Queue);
Delete_First(Node_Queue);
Put(Integer'Image(Next.Data));
if Next.Left /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Left);
end if;
if Next.Right /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Right);
end if;
end loop;
end Levelorder;
N : Node_Access;
begin
N := Tree(1,
Tree(2,
Tree(4,
Tree(7, null, null),
null),
Tree(5, null, null)),
Tree(3,
Tree(6,
Tree(8, null, null),
Tree(9, null, null)),
null));
Put("preorder: ");
Preorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("inorder: ");
Inorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("postorder: ");
Postorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("level order: ");
Levelorder(N);
New_Line;
Destroy_Tree(N);
end Tree_traversal;
| from collections import namedtuple
Node = namedtuple('Node', 'data, left, right')
tree = Node(1,
Node(2,
Node(4,
Node(7, None, None),
None),
Node(5, None, None)),
Node(3,
Node(6,
Node(8, None, None),
Node(9, None, None)),
None))
def printwithspace(i):
print(i, end=' ')
def dfs(order, node, visitor):
if node is not None:
for action in order:
if action == 'N':
visitor(node.data)
elif action == 'L':
dfs(order, node.left, visitor)
elif action == 'R':
dfs(order, node.right, visitor)
def preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('NLR', node, visitor)
def inorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LNR', node, visitor)
def postorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LRN', node, visitor)
def ls(node, more, visitor, order='TB'):
"Level-based Top-to-Bottom or Bottom-to-Top tree search"
if node:
if more is None:
more = []
more += [node.left, node.right]
for action in order:
if action == 'B' and more:
ls(more[0], more[1:], visitor, order)
elif action == 'T' and node:
visitor(node.data)
def levelorder(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'TB')
def reverse_preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('RLN', node, visitor)
def bottom_up_order(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace, order='BT'):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'BT')
if __name__ == '__main__':
w = 10
for traversal in [preorder, inorder, postorder, levelorder,
reverse_preorder, bottom_up_order]:
if traversal == reverse_preorder:
w = 20
print('\nThe generalisation of function dfs allows:')
if traversal == bottom_up_order:
print('The generalisation of function ls allows:')
print(f"{traversal.__name__:>{w}}:", end=' ')
traversal(tree)
print()
|
Generate an equivalent VB version of this Ada code. | with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
with Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation;
with Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists;
procedure Tree_Traversal is
type Node;
type Node_Access is access Node;
type Node is record
Left : Node_Access := null;
Right : Node_Access := null;
Data : Integer;
end record;
procedure Destroy_Tree(N : in out Node_Access) is
procedure free is new Ada.Unchecked_Deallocation(Node, Node_Access);
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Destroy_Tree(N.Right);
end if;
Free(N);
end Destroy_Tree;
function Tree(Value : Integer; Left : Node_Access; Right : Node_Access) return Node_Access is
Temp : Node_Access := new Node;
begin
Temp.Data := Value;
Temp.Left := Left;
Temp.Right := Right;
return Temp;
end Tree;
procedure Preorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Left /= null then
Preorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Preorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Preorder;
procedure Inorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Inorder(N.Left);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
if N.Right /= null then
Inorder(N.Right);
end if;
end Inorder;
procedure Postorder(N : Node_Access) is
begin
if N.Left /= null then
Postorder(N.Left);
end if;
if N.Right /= null then
Postorder(N.Right);
end if;
Put(Integer'Image(N.Data));
end Postorder;
procedure Levelorder(N : Node_Access) is
package Queues is new Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists(Node_Access);
use Queues;
Node_Queue : List;
Next : Node_Access;
begin
Node_Queue.Append(N);
while not Is_Empty(Node_Queue) loop
Next := First_Element(Node_Queue);
Delete_First(Node_Queue);
Put(Integer'Image(Next.Data));
if Next.Left /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Left);
end if;
if Next.Right /= null then
Node_Queue.Append(Next.Right);
end if;
end loop;
end Levelorder;
N : Node_Access;
begin
N := Tree(1,
Tree(2,
Tree(4,
Tree(7, null, null),
null),
Tree(5, null, null)),
Tree(3,
Tree(6,
Tree(8, null, null),
Tree(9, null, null)),
null));
Put("preorder: ");
Preorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("inorder: ");
Inorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("postorder: ");
Postorder(N);
New_Line;
Put("level order: ");
Levelorder(N);
New_Line;
Destroy_Tree(N);
end Tree_traversal;
| Public Value As Integer
Public LeftChild As TreeItem
Public RightChild As TreeItem
|
Please provide an equivalent version of this Arturo code in C. | tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 [] []] []] [5 [] []]] [3 [6 [8 [] []] [9 [] []]] []]]
tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 ] ] [5 ]] [3 [6 [8 ] [9 ]] ]]
visit: func [tree [block!]][prin rejoin [first tree " "]]
left: :second
right: :third
preorder: func [tree [block!]][
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [preorder left tree]
attempt [preorder right tree]
]
prin "preorder: " preorder tree
print ""
inorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [inorder left tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [inorder right tree]
]
prin "inorder: " inorder tree
print ""
postorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [postorder left tree]
attempt [postorder right tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
]
prin "postorder: " postorder tree
print ""
queue: []
enqueue: func [tree [block!]][append/only queue tree]
dequeue: func [queue [block!]][take queue]
level-order: func [tree [block!]][
clear head queue
queue: enqueue tree
while [not empty? queue] [
tree: dequeue queue
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [enqueue left tree]
attempt [enqueue right tree]
]
]
prin "level-order: " level-order tree
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct node_s
{
int value;
struct node_s* left;
struct node_s* right;
} *node;
node tree(int v, node l, node r)
{
node n = malloc(sizeof(struct node_s));
n->value = v;
n->left = l;
n->right = r;
return n;
}
void destroy_tree(node n)
{
if (n->left)
destroy_tree(n->left);
if (n->right)
destroy_tree(n->right);
free(n);
}
void preorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
f(n->value);
if (n->left)
preorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
preorder(n->right, f);
}
void inorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
inorder(n->left, f);
f(n->value);
if (n->right)
inorder(n->right, f);
}
void postorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
postorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
postorder(n->right, f);
f(n->value);
}
typedef struct qnode_s
{
struct qnode_s* next;
node value;
} *qnode;
typedef struct { qnode begin, end; } queue;
void enqueue(queue* q, node n)
{
qnode node = malloc(sizeof(struct qnode_s));
node->value = n;
node->next = 0;
if (q->end)
q->end->next = node;
else
q->begin = node;
q->end = node;
}
node dequeue(queue* q)
{
node tmp = q->begin->value;
qnode second = q->begin->next;
free(q->begin);
q->begin = second;
if (!q->begin)
q->end = 0;
return tmp;
}
int queue_empty(queue* q)
{
return !q->begin;
}
void levelorder(node n, void(*f)(int))
{
queue nodequeue = {};
enqueue(&nodequeue, n);
while (!queue_empty(&nodequeue))
{
node next = dequeue(&nodequeue);
f(next->value);
if (next->left)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->left);
if (next->right)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->right);
}
}
void print(int n)
{
printf("%d ", n);
}
int main()
{
node n = tree(1,
tree(2,
tree(4,
tree(7, 0, 0),
0),
tree(5, 0, 0)),
tree(3,
tree(6,
tree(8, 0, 0),
tree(9, 0, 0)),
0));
printf("preorder: ");
preorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("inorder: ");
inorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("postorder: ");
postorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("level-order: ");
levelorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
destroy_tree(n);
return 0;
}
|
Write a version of this Arturo function in C# with identical behavior. | tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 [] []] []] [5 [] []]] [3 [6 [8 [] []] [9 [] []]] []]]
tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 ] ] [5 ]] [3 [6 [8 ] [9 ]] ]]
visit: func [tree [block!]][prin rejoin [first tree " "]]
left: :second
right: :third
preorder: func [tree [block!]][
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [preorder left tree]
attempt [preorder right tree]
]
prin "preorder: " preorder tree
print ""
inorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [inorder left tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [inorder right tree]
]
prin "inorder: " inorder tree
print ""
postorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [postorder left tree]
attempt [postorder right tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
]
prin "postorder: " postorder tree
print ""
queue: []
enqueue: func [tree [block!]][append/only queue tree]
dequeue: func [queue [block!]][take queue]
level-order: func [tree [block!]][
clear head queue
queue: enqueue tree
while [not empty? queue] [
tree: dequeue queue
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [enqueue left tree]
attempt [enqueue right tree]
]
]
prin "level-order: " level-order tree
| using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
class Node
{
int Value;
Node Left;
Node Right;
Node(int value = default(int), Node left = default(Node), Node right = default(Node))
{
Value = value;
Left = left;
Right = right;
}
IEnumerable<int> Preorder()
{
yield return Value;
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Preorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Preorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Inorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Inorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Inorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Postorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Postorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Postorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
}
IEnumerable<int> LevelOrder()
{
var queue = new Queue<Node>();
queue.Enqueue(this);
while (queue.Any())
{
var node = queue.Dequeue();
yield return node.Value;
if (node.Left != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Left);
if (node.Right != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Right);
}
}
static void Main()
{
var tree = new Node(1, new Node(2, new Node(4, new Node(7)), new Node(5)), new Node(3, new Node(6, new Node(8), new Node(9))));
foreach (var traversal in new Func<IEnumerable<int>>[] { tree.Preorder, tree.Inorder, tree.Postorder, tree.LevelOrder })
Console.WriteLine("{0}:\t{1}", traversal.Method.Name, string.Join(" ", traversal()));
}
}
|
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in Arturo. | tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 [] []] []] [5 [] []]] [3 [6 [8 [] []] [9 [] []]] []]]
tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 ] ] [5 ]] [3 [6 [8 ] [9 ]] ]]
visit: func [tree [block!]][prin rejoin [first tree " "]]
left: :second
right: :third
preorder: func [tree [block!]][
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [preorder left tree]
attempt [preorder right tree]
]
prin "preorder: " preorder tree
print ""
inorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [inorder left tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [inorder right tree]
]
prin "inorder: " inorder tree
print ""
postorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [postorder left tree]
attempt [postorder right tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
]
prin "postorder: " postorder tree
print ""
queue: []
enqueue: func [tree [block!]][append/only queue tree]
dequeue: func [queue [block!]][take queue]
level-order: func [tree [block!]][
clear head queue
queue: enqueue tree
while [not empty? queue] [
tree: dequeue queue
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [enqueue left tree]
attempt [enqueue right tree]
]
]
prin "level-order: " level-order tree
| #include <boost/scoped_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
template<typename T>
class TreeNode {
public:
TreeNode(const T& n, TreeNode* left = NULL, TreeNode* right = NULL)
: mValue(n),
mLeft(left),
mRight(right) {}
T getValue() const {
return mValue;
}
TreeNode* left() const {
return mLeft.get();
}
TreeNode* right() const {
return mRight.get();
}
void preorderTraverse() const {
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mLeft) { mLeft->preorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->preorderTraverse(); }
}
void inorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->inorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mRight) { mRight->inorderTraverse(); }
}
void postorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->postorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->postorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
}
void levelorderTraverse() const {
std::queue<const TreeNode*> q;
q.push(this);
while(!q.empty()) {
const TreeNode* n = q.front();
q.pop();
std::cout << " " << n->getValue();
if(n->left()) { q.push(n->left()); }
if(n->right()) { q.push(n->right()); }
}
}
protected:
T mValue;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mLeft;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mRight;
private:
TreeNode();
};
int main() {
TreeNode<int> root(1,
new TreeNode<int>(2,
new TreeNode<int>(4,
new TreeNode<int>(7)),
new TreeNode<int>(5)),
new TreeNode<int>(3,
new TreeNode<int>(6,
new TreeNode<int>(8),
new TreeNode<int>(9))));
std::cout << "preorder: ";
root.preorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "inorder: ";
root.inorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "postorder: ";
root.postorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "level-order:";
root.levelorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
|
Write the same algorithm in Java as shown in this Arturo implementation. | tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 [] []] []] [5 [] []]] [3 [6 [8 [] []] [9 [] []]] []]]
tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 ] ] [5 ]] [3 [6 [8 ] [9 ]] ]]
visit: func [tree [block!]][prin rejoin [first tree " "]]
left: :second
right: :third
preorder: func [tree [block!]][
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [preorder left tree]
attempt [preorder right tree]
]
prin "preorder: " preorder tree
print ""
inorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [inorder left tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [inorder right tree]
]
prin "inorder: " inorder tree
print ""
postorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [postorder left tree]
attempt [postorder right tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
]
prin "postorder: " postorder tree
print ""
queue: []
enqueue: func [tree [block!]][append/only queue tree]
dequeue: func [queue [block!]][take queue]
level-order: func [tree [block!]][
clear head queue
queue: enqueue tree
while [not empty? queue] [
tree: dequeue queue
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [enqueue left tree]
attempt [enqueue right tree]
]
]
prin "level-order: " level-order tree
| import java.util.*;
public class TreeTraversal {
static class Node<T> {
T value;
Node<T> left;
Node<T> right;
Node(T value) {
this.value = value;
}
void visit() {
System.out.print(this.value + " ");
}
}
static enum ORDER {
PREORDER, INORDER, POSTORDER, LEVEL
}
static <T> void traverse(Node<T> node, ORDER order) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
switch (order) {
case PREORDER:
node.visit();
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case INORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
node.visit();
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case POSTORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
node.visit();
break;
case LEVEL:
Queue<Node<T>> queue = new LinkedList<>();
queue.add(node);
while(!queue.isEmpty()){
Node<T> next = queue.remove();
next.visit();
if(next.left!=null)
queue.add(next.left);
if(next.right!=null)
queue.add(next.right);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Node<Integer> one = new Node<Integer>(1);
Node<Integer> two = new Node<Integer>(2);
Node<Integer> three = new Node<Integer>(3);
Node<Integer> four = new Node<Integer>(4);
Node<Integer> five = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> six = new Node<Integer>(6);
Node<Integer> seven = new Node<Integer>(7);
Node<Integer> eight = new Node<Integer>(8);
Node<Integer> nine = new Node<Integer>(9);
one.left = two;
one.right = three;
two.left = four;
two.right = five;
three.left = six;
four.left = seven;
six.left = eight;
six.right = nine;
traverse(one, ORDER.PREORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.INORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.POSTORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.LEVEL);
}
}
|
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Python. | tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 [] []] []] [5 [] []]] [3 [6 [8 [] []] [9 [] []]] []]]
tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 ] ] [5 ]] [3 [6 [8 ] [9 ]] ]]
visit: func [tree [block!]][prin rejoin [first tree " "]]
left: :second
right: :third
preorder: func [tree [block!]][
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [preorder left tree]
attempt [preorder right tree]
]
prin "preorder: " preorder tree
print ""
inorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [inorder left tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [inorder right tree]
]
prin "inorder: " inorder tree
print ""
postorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [postorder left tree]
attempt [postorder right tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
]
prin "postorder: " postorder tree
print ""
queue: []
enqueue: func [tree [block!]][append/only queue tree]
dequeue: func [queue [block!]][take queue]
level-order: func [tree [block!]][
clear head queue
queue: enqueue tree
while [not empty? queue] [
tree: dequeue queue
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [enqueue left tree]
attempt [enqueue right tree]
]
]
prin "level-order: " level-order tree
| from collections import namedtuple
Node = namedtuple('Node', 'data, left, right')
tree = Node(1,
Node(2,
Node(4,
Node(7, None, None),
None),
Node(5, None, None)),
Node(3,
Node(6,
Node(8, None, None),
Node(9, None, None)),
None))
def printwithspace(i):
print(i, end=' ')
def dfs(order, node, visitor):
if node is not None:
for action in order:
if action == 'N':
visitor(node.data)
elif action == 'L':
dfs(order, node.left, visitor)
elif action == 'R':
dfs(order, node.right, visitor)
def preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('NLR', node, visitor)
def inorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LNR', node, visitor)
def postorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LRN', node, visitor)
def ls(node, more, visitor, order='TB'):
"Level-based Top-to-Bottom or Bottom-to-Top tree search"
if node:
if more is None:
more = []
more += [node.left, node.right]
for action in order:
if action == 'B' and more:
ls(more[0], more[1:], visitor, order)
elif action == 'T' and node:
visitor(node.data)
def levelorder(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'TB')
def reverse_preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('RLN', node, visitor)
def bottom_up_order(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace, order='BT'):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'BT')
if __name__ == '__main__':
w = 10
for traversal in [preorder, inorder, postorder, levelorder,
reverse_preorder, bottom_up_order]:
if traversal == reverse_preorder:
w = 20
print('\nThe generalisation of function dfs allows:')
if traversal == bottom_up_order:
print('The generalisation of function ls allows:')
print(f"{traversal.__name__:>{w}}:", end=' ')
traversal(tree)
print()
|
Write the same code in VB as shown below in Arturo. | tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 [] []] []] [5 [] []]] [3 [6 [8 [] []] [9 [] []]] []]]
tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 ] ] [5 ]] [3 [6 [8 ] [9 ]] ]]
visit: func [tree [block!]][prin rejoin [first tree " "]]
left: :second
right: :third
preorder: func [tree [block!]][
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [preorder left tree]
attempt [preorder right tree]
]
prin "preorder: " preorder tree
print ""
inorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [inorder left tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [inorder right tree]
]
prin "inorder: " inorder tree
print ""
postorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [postorder left tree]
attempt [postorder right tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
]
prin "postorder: " postorder tree
print ""
queue: []
enqueue: func [tree [block!]][append/only queue tree]
dequeue: func [queue [block!]][take queue]
level-order: func [tree [block!]][
clear head queue
queue: enqueue tree
while [not empty? queue] [
tree: dequeue queue
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [enqueue left tree]
attempt [enqueue right tree]
]
]
prin "level-order: " level-order tree
| Public Value As Integer
Public LeftChild As TreeItem
Public RightChild As TreeItem
|
Translate the given Arturo code snippet into Go without altering its behavior. | tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 [] []] []] [5 [] []]] [3 [6 [8 [] []] [9 [] []]] []]]
tree: [1 [2 [4 [7 ] ] [5 ]] [3 [6 [8 ] [9 ]] ]]
visit: func [tree [block!]][prin rejoin [first tree " "]]
left: :second
right: :third
preorder: func [tree [block!]][
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [preorder left tree]
attempt [preorder right tree]
]
prin "preorder: " preorder tree
print ""
inorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [inorder left tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [inorder right tree]
]
prin "inorder: " inorder tree
print ""
postorder: func [tree [block!]][
attempt [postorder left tree]
attempt [postorder right tree]
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
]
prin "postorder: " postorder tree
print ""
queue: []
enqueue: func [tree [block!]][append/only queue tree]
dequeue: func [queue [block!]][take queue]
level-order: func [tree [block!]][
clear head queue
queue: enqueue tree
while [not empty? queue] [
tree: dequeue queue
if not empty? tree [visit tree]
attempt [enqueue left tree]
attempt [enqueue right tree]
]
]
prin "level-order: " level-order tree
| package main
import "fmt"
type node struct {
value int
left, right *node
}
func (n *node) iterPreorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
visit(n.value)
n.left.iterPreorder(visit)
n.right.iterPreorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterInorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterInorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
n.right.iterInorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterPostorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterPostorder(visit)
n.right.iterPostorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
}
func (n *node) iterLevelorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
for queue := []*node{n}; ; {
n = queue[0]
visit(n.value)
copy(queue, queue[1:])
queue = queue[:len(queue)-1]
if n.left != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.left)
}
if n.right != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.right)
}
if len(queue) == 0 {
return
}
}
}
func main() {
tree := &node{1,
&node{2,
&node{4,
&node{7, nil, nil},
nil},
&node{5, nil, nil}},
&node{3,
&node{6,
&node{8, nil, nil},
&node{9, nil, nil}},
nil}}
fmt.Print("preorder: ")
tree.iterPreorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("inorder: ")
tree.iterInorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("postorder: ")
tree.iterPostorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("level-order: ")
tree.iterLevelorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
}
func visitor(value int) {
fmt.Print(value, " ")
}
|
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from AutoHotKey to C, same semantics. | AddNode(Tree,1,2,3,1)
AddNode(Tree,2,4,5,2)
AddNode(Tree,3,6,0,3)
AddNode(Tree,4,7,0,4)
AddNode(Tree,5,0,0,5)
AddNode(Tree,6,8,9,6)
AddNode(Tree,7,0,0,7)
AddNode(Tree,8,0,0,8)
AddNode(Tree,9,0,0,9)
MsgBox % "Preorder: " PreOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "Inorder: " InOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "postorder: " PostOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "levelorder: " LevOrder(Tree,1)
AddNode(ByRef Tree,Node,Left,Right,Value) {
if !isobject(Tree)
Tree := object()
Tree[Node, "L"] := Left
Tree[Node, "R"] := Right
Tree[Node, "V"] := Value
}
PreOrder(Tree,Node) {
ptree := Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,R) : "")
return ptree
}
InOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return itree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? InOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? InOrder(Tree,R) : "")
}
PostOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return ptree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,R) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
}
LevOrder(Tree,Node,Lev=1) {
Static
i%Lev% .= Tree[Node, "V"] " "
If (L:=Tree[Node, "L"])
LevOrder(Tree,L,Lev+1)
If (R:=Tree[Node, "R"])
LevOrder(Tree,R,Lev+1)
If (Lev > 1)
Return
While i%Lev%
t .= i%Lev%, Lev++
Return t
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct node_s
{
int value;
struct node_s* left;
struct node_s* right;
} *node;
node tree(int v, node l, node r)
{
node n = malloc(sizeof(struct node_s));
n->value = v;
n->left = l;
n->right = r;
return n;
}
void destroy_tree(node n)
{
if (n->left)
destroy_tree(n->left);
if (n->right)
destroy_tree(n->right);
free(n);
}
void preorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
f(n->value);
if (n->left)
preorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
preorder(n->right, f);
}
void inorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
inorder(n->left, f);
f(n->value);
if (n->right)
inorder(n->right, f);
}
void postorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
postorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
postorder(n->right, f);
f(n->value);
}
typedef struct qnode_s
{
struct qnode_s* next;
node value;
} *qnode;
typedef struct { qnode begin, end; } queue;
void enqueue(queue* q, node n)
{
qnode node = malloc(sizeof(struct qnode_s));
node->value = n;
node->next = 0;
if (q->end)
q->end->next = node;
else
q->begin = node;
q->end = node;
}
node dequeue(queue* q)
{
node tmp = q->begin->value;
qnode second = q->begin->next;
free(q->begin);
q->begin = second;
if (!q->begin)
q->end = 0;
return tmp;
}
int queue_empty(queue* q)
{
return !q->begin;
}
void levelorder(node n, void(*f)(int))
{
queue nodequeue = {};
enqueue(&nodequeue, n);
while (!queue_empty(&nodequeue))
{
node next = dequeue(&nodequeue);
f(next->value);
if (next->left)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->left);
if (next->right)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->right);
}
}
void print(int n)
{
printf("%d ", n);
}
int main()
{
node n = tree(1,
tree(2,
tree(4,
tree(7, 0, 0),
0),
tree(5, 0, 0)),
tree(3,
tree(6,
tree(8, 0, 0),
tree(9, 0, 0)),
0));
printf("preorder: ");
preorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("inorder: ");
inorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("postorder: ");
postorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("level-order: ");
levelorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
destroy_tree(n);
return 0;
}
|
Please provide an equivalent version of this AutoHotKey code in C#. | AddNode(Tree,1,2,3,1)
AddNode(Tree,2,4,5,2)
AddNode(Tree,3,6,0,3)
AddNode(Tree,4,7,0,4)
AddNode(Tree,5,0,0,5)
AddNode(Tree,6,8,9,6)
AddNode(Tree,7,0,0,7)
AddNode(Tree,8,0,0,8)
AddNode(Tree,9,0,0,9)
MsgBox % "Preorder: " PreOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "Inorder: " InOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "postorder: " PostOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "levelorder: " LevOrder(Tree,1)
AddNode(ByRef Tree,Node,Left,Right,Value) {
if !isobject(Tree)
Tree := object()
Tree[Node, "L"] := Left
Tree[Node, "R"] := Right
Tree[Node, "V"] := Value
}
PreOrder(Tree,Node) {
ptree := Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,R) : "")
return ptree
}
InOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return itree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? InOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? InOrder(Tree,R) : "")
}
PostOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return ptree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,R) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
}
LevOrder(Tree,Node,Lev=1) {
Static
i%Lev% .= Tree[Node, "V"] " "
If (L:=Tree[Node, "L"])
LevOrder(Tree,L,Lev+1)
If (R:=Tree[Node, "R"])
LevOrder(Tree,R,Lev+1)
If (Lev > 1)
Return
While i%Lev%
t .= i%Lev%, Lev++
Return t
}
| using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
class Node
{
int Value;
Node Left;
Node Right;
Node(int value = default(int), Node left = default(Node), Node right = default(Node))
{
Value = value;
Left = left;
Right = right;
}
IEnumerable<int> Preorder()
{
yield return Value;
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Preorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Preorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Inorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Inorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Inorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Postorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Postorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Postorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
}
IEnumerable<int> LevelOrder()
{
var queue = new Queue<Node>();
queue.Enqueue(this);
while (queue.Any())
{
var node = queue.Dequeue();
yield return node.Value;
if (node.Left != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Left);
if (node.Right != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Right);
}
}
static void Main()
{
var tree = new Node(1, new Node(2, new Node(4, new Node(7)), new Node(5)), new Node(3, new Node(6, new Node(8), new Node(9))));
foreach (var traversal in new Func<IEnumerable<int>>[] { tree.Preorder, tree.Inorder, tree.Postorder, tree.LevelOrder })
Console.WriteLine("{0}:\t{1}", traversal.Method.Name, string.Join(" ", traversal()));
}
}
|
Port the provided AutoHotKey code into C++ while preserving the original functionality. | AddNode(Tree,1,2,3,1)
AddNode(Tree,2,4,5,2)
AddNode(Tree,3,6,0,3)
AddNode(Tree,4,7,0,4)
AddNode(Tree,5,0,0,5)
AddNode(Tree,6,8,9,6)
AddNode(Tree,7,0,0,7)
AddNode(Tree,8,0,0,8)
AddNode(Tree,9,0,0,9)
MsgBox % "Preorder: " PreOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "Inorder: " InOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "postorder: " PostOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "levelorder: " LevOrder(Tree,1)
AddNode(ByRef Tree,Node,Left,Right,Value) {
if !isobject(Tree)
Tree := object()
Tree[Node, "L"] := Left
Tree[Node, "R"] := Right
Tree[Node, "V"] := Value
}
PreOrder(Tree,Node) {
ptree := Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,R) : "")
return ptree
}
InOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return itree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? InOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? InOrder(Tree,R) : "")
}
PostOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return ptree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,R) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
}
LevOrder(Tree,Node,Lev=1) {
Static
i%Lev% .= Tree[Node, "V"] " "
If (L:=Tree[Node, "L"])
LevOrder(Tree,L,Lev+1)
If (R:=Tree[Node, "R"])
LevOrder(Tree,R,Lev+1)
If (Lev > 1)
Return
While i%Lev%
t .= i%Lev%, Lev++
Return t
}
| #include <boost/scoped_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
template<typename T>
class TreeNode {
public:
TreeNode(const T& n, TreeNode* left = NULL, TreeNode* right = NULL)
: mValue(n),
mLeft(left),
mRight(right) {}
T getValue() const {
return mValue;
}
TreeNode* left() const {
return mLeft.get();
}
TreeNode* right() const {
return mRight.get();
}
void preorderTraverse() const {
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mLeft) { mLeft->preorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->preorderTraverse(); }
}
void inorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->inorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mRight) { mRight->inorderTraverse(); }
}
void postorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->postorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->postorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
}
void levelorderTraverse() const {
std::queue<const TreeNode*> q;
q.push(this);
while(!q.empty()) {
const TreeNode* n = q.front();
q.pop();
std::cout << " " << n->getValue();
if(n->left()) { q.push(n->left()); }
if(n->right()) { q.push(n->right()); }
}
}
protected:
T mValue;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mLeft;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mRight;
private:
TreeNode();
};
int main() {
TreeNode<int> root(1,
new TreeNode<int>(2,
new TreeNode<int>(4,
new TreeNode<int>(7)),
new TreeNode<int>(5)),
new TreeNode<int>(3,
new TreeNode<int>(6,
new TreeNode<int>(8),
new TreeNode<int>(9))));
std::cout << "preorder: ";
root.preorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "inorder: ";
root.inorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "postorder: ";
root.postorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "level-order:";
root.levelorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
|
Convert this AutoHotKey block to Java, preserving its control flow and logic. | AddNode(Tree,1,2,3,1)
AddNode(Tree,2,4,5,2)
AddNode(Tree,3,6,0,3)
AddNode(Tree,4,7,0,4)
AddNode(Tree,5,0,0,5)
AddNode(Tree,6,8,9,6)
AddNode(Tree,7,0,0,7)
AddNode(Tree,8,0,0,8)
AddNode(Tree,9,0,0,9)
MsgBox % "Preorder: " PreOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "Inorder: " InOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "postorder: " PostOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "levelorder: " LevOrder(Tree,1)
AddNode(ByRef Tree,Node,Left,Right,Value) {
if !isobject(Tree)
Tree := object()
Tree[Node, "L"] := Left
Tree[Node, "R"] := Right
Tree[Node, "V"] := Value
}
PreOrder(Tree,Node) {
ptree := Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,R) : "")
return ptree
}
InOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return itree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? InOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? InOrder(Tree,R) : "")
}
PostOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return ptree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,R) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
}
LevOrder(Tree,Node,Lev=1) {
Static
i%Lev% .= Tree[Node, "V"] " "
If (L:=Tree[Node, "L"])
LevOrder(Tree,L,Lev+1)
If (R:=Tree[Node, "R"])
LevOrder(Tree,R,Lev+1)
If (Lev > 1)
Return
While i%Lev%
t .= i%Lev%, Lev++
Return t
}
| import java.util.*;
public class TreeTraversal {
static class Node<T> {
T value;
Node<T> left;
Node<T> right;
Node(T value) {
this.value = value;
}
void visit() {
System.out.print(this.value + " ");
}
}
static enum ORDER {
PREORDER, INORDER, POSTORDER, LEVEL
}
static <T> void traverse(Node<T> node, ORDER order) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
switch (order) {
case PREORDER:
node.visit();
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case INORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
node.visit();
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case POSTORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
node.visit();
break;
case LEVEL:
Queue<Node<T>> queue = new LinkedList<>();
queue.add(node);
while(!queue.isEmpty()){
Node<T> next = queue.remove();
next.visit();
if(next.left!=null)
queue.add(next.left);
if(next.right!=null)
queue.add(next.right);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Node<Integer> one = new Node<Integer>(1);
Node<Integer> two = new Node<Integer>(2);
Node<Integer> three = new Node<Integer>(3);
Node<Integer> four = new Node<Integer>(4);
Node<Integer> five = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> six = new Node<Integer>(6);
Node<Integer> seven = new Node<Integer>(7);
Node<Integer> eight = new Node<Integer>(8);
Node<Integer> nine = new Node<Integer>(9);
one.left = two;
one.right = three;
two.left = four;
two.right = five;
three.left = six;
four.left = seven;
six.left = eight;
six.right = nine;
traverse(one, ORDER.PREORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.INORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.POSTORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.LEVEL);
}
}
|
Convert the following code from AutoHotKey to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact. | AddNode(Tree,1,2,3,1)
AddNode(Tree,2,4,5,2)
AddNode(Tree,3,6,0,3)
AddNode(Tree,4,7,0,4)
AddNode(Tree,5,0,0,5)
AddNode(Tree,6,8,9,6)
AddNode(Tree,7,0,0,7)
AddNode(Tree,8,0,0,8)
AddNode(Tree,9,0,0,9)
MsgBox % "Preorder: " PreOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "Inorder: " InOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "postorder: " PostOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "levelorder: " LevOrder(Tree,1)
AddNode(ByRef Tree,Node,Left,Right,Value) {
if !isobject(Tree)
Tree := object()
Tree[Node, "L"] := Left
Tree[Node, "R"] := Right
Tree[Node, "V"] := Value
}
PreOrder(Tree,Node) {
ptree := Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,R) : "")
return ptree
}
InOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return itree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? InOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? InOrder(Tree,R) : "")
}
PostOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return ptree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,R) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
}
LevOrder(Tree,Node,Lev=1) {
Static
i%Lev% .= Tree[Node, "V"] " "
If (L:=Tree[Node, "L"])
LevOrder(Tree,L,Lev+1)
If (R:=Tree[Node, "R"])
LevOrder(Tree,R,Lev+1)
If (Lev > 1)
Return
While i%Lev%
t .= i%Lev%, Lev++
Return t
}
| from collections import namedtuple
Node = namedtuple('Node', 'data, left, right')
tree = Node(1,
Node(2,
Node(4,
Node(7, None, None),
None),
Node(5, None, None)),
Node(3,
Node(6,
Node(8, None, None),
Node(9, None, None)),
None))
def printwithspace(i):
print(i, end=' ')
def dfs(order, node, visitor):
if node is not None:
for action in order:
if action == 'N':
visitor(node.data)
elif action == 'L':
dfs(order, node.left, visitor)
elif action == 'R':
dfs(order, node.right, visitor)
def preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('NLR', node, visitor)
def inorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LNR', node, visitor)
def postorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LRN', node, visitor)
def ls(node, more, visitor, order='TB'):
"Level-based Top-to-Bottom or Bottom-to-Top tree search"
if node:
if more is None:
more = []
more += [node.left, node.right]
for action in order:
if action == 'B' and more:
ls(more[0], more[1:], visitor, order)
elif action == 'T' and node:
visitor(node.data)
def levelorder(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'TB')
def reverse_preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('RLN', node, visitor)
def bottom_up_order(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace, order='BT'):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'BT')
if __name__ == '__main__':
w = 10
for traversal in [preorder, inorder, postorder, levelorder,
reverse_preorder, bottom_up_order]:
if traversal == reverse_preorder:
w = 20
print('\nThe generalisation of function dfs allows:')
if traversal == bottom_up_order:
print('The generalisation of function ls allows:')
print(f"{traversal.__name__:>{w}}:", end=' ')
traversal(tree)
print()
|
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in VB. | AddNode(Tree,1,2,3,1)
AddNode(Tree,2,4,5,2)
AddNode(Tree,3,6,0,3)
AddNode(Tree,4,7,0,4)
AddNode(Tree,5,0,0,5)
AddNode(Tree,6,8,9,6)
AddNode(Tree,7,0,0,7)
AddNode(Tree,8,0,0,8)
AddNode(Tree,9,0,0,9)
MsgBox % "Preorder: " PreOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "Inorder: " InOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "postorder: " PostOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "levelorder: " LevOrder(Tree,1)
AddNode(ByRef Tree,Node,Left,Right,Value) {
if !isobject(Tree)
Tree := object()
Tree[Node, "L"] := Left
Tree[Node, "R"] := Right
Tree[Node, "V"] := Value
}
PreOrder(Tree,Node) {
ptree := Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,R) : "")
return ptree
}
InOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return itree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? InOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? InOrder(Tree,R) : "")
}
PostOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return ptree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,R) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
}
LevOrder(Tree,Node,Lev=1) {
Static
i%Lev% .= Tree[Node, "V"] " "
If (L:=Tree[Node, "L"])
LevOrder(Tree,L,Lev+1)
If (R:=Tree[Node, "R"])
LevOrder(Tree,R,Lev+1)
If (Lev > 1)
Return
While i%Lev%
t .= i%Lev%, Lev++
Return t
}
| Public Value As Integer
Public LeftChild As TreeItem
Public RightChild As TreeItem
|
Translate the given AutoHotKey code snippet into Go without altering its behavior. | AddNode(Tree,1,2,3,1)
AddNode(Tree,2,4,5,2)
AddNode(Tree,3,6,0,3)
AddNode(Tree,4,7,0,4)
AddNode(Tree,5,0,0,5)
AddNode(Tree,6,8,9,6)
AddNode(Tree,7,0,0,7)
AddNode(Tree,8,0,0,8)
AddNode(Tree,9,0,0,9)
MsgBox % "Preorder: " PreOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "Inorder: " InOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "postorder: " PostOrder(Tree,1)
MsgBox % "levelorder: " LevOrder(Tree,1)
AddNode(ByRef Tree,Node,Left,Right,Value) {
if !isobject(Tree)
Tree := object()
Tree[Node, "L"] := Left
Tree[Node, "R"] := Right
Tree[Node, "V"] := Value
}
PreOrder(Tree,Node) {
ptree := Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PreOrder(Tree,R) : "")
return ptree
}
InOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return itree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? InOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? InOrder(Tree,R) : "")
}
PostOrder(Tree,Node) {
Return ptree := ((L:=Tree[Node, "L"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,L) : "")
. ((R:=Tree[Node, "R"]) ? PostOrder(Tree,R) : "")
. Tree[Node, "V"] " "
}
LevOrder(Tree,Node,Lev=1) {
Static
i%Lev% .= Tree[Node, "V"] " "
If (L:=Tree[Node, "L"])
LevOrder(Tree,L,Lev+1)
If (R:=Tree[Node, "R"])
LevOrder(Tree,R,Lev+1)
If (Lev > 1)
Return
While i%Lev%
t .= i%Lev%, Lev++
Return t
}
| package main
import "fmt"
type node struct {
value int
left, right *node
}
func (n *node) iterPreorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
visit(n.value)
n.left.iterPreorder(visit)
n.right.iterPreorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterInorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterInorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
n.right.iterInorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterPostorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterPostorder(visit)
n.right.iterPostorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
}
func (n *node) iterLevelorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
for queue := []*node{n}; ; {
n = queue[0]
visit(n.value)
copy(queue, queue[1:])
queue = queue[:len(queue)-1]
if n.left != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.left)
}
if n.right != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.right)
}
if len(queue) == 0 {
return
}
}
}
func main() {
tree := &node{1,
&node{2,
&node{4,
&node{7, nil, nil},
nil},
&node{5, nil, nil}},
&node{3,
&node{6,
&node{8, nil, nil},
&node{9, nil, nil}},
nil}}
fmt.Print("preorder: ")
tree.iterPreorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("inorder: ")
tree.iterInorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("postorder: ")
tree.iterPostorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("level-order: ")
tree.iterLevelorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
}
func visitor(value int) {
fmt.Print(value, " ")
}
|
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C. | function preorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
res[res["count"]++] = node
split(tree[node], child, ",")
preorder(tree,child[1],res)
preorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function inorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
inorder(tree,child[1],res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
inorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function postorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
postorder(tree,child[1], res)
postorder(tree,child[2], res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
}
function levelorder(tree, node, res, nextnode, queue, child) {
if (node == "")
return
queue["tail"] = 0
queue[queue["head"]++] = node
while (queue["head"] - queue["tail"] >= 1) {
nextnode = queue[queue["tail"]]
delete queue[queue["tail"]++]
res[res["count"]++] = nextnode
split(tree[nextnode], child, ",")
if (child[1] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[1]
if (child[2] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[2]
}
delete queue
}
BEGIN {
tree["1"] = "2,3"
tree["2"] = "4,5"
tree["3"] = "6,"
tree["4"] = "7,"
tree["5"] = ","
tree["6"] = "8,9"
tree["7"] = ","
tree["8"] = ","
tree["9"] = ","
preorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "preorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
inorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "inorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
postorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "postorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
levelorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "level-order:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
}
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct node_s
{
int value;
struct node_s* left;
struct node_s* right;
} *node;
node tree(int v, node l, node r)
{
node n = malloc(sizeof(struct node_s));
n->value = v;
n->left = l;
n->right = r;
return n;
}
void destroy_tree(node n)
{
if (n->left)
destroy_tree(n->left);
if (n->right)
destroy_tree(n->right);
free(n);
}
void preorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
f(n->value);
if (n->left)
preorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
preorder(n->right, f);
}
void inorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
inorder(n->left, f);
f(n->value);
if (n->right)
inorder(n->right, f);
}
void postorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
postorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
postorder(n->right, f);
f(n->value);
}
typedef struct qnode_s
{
struct qnode_s* next;
node value;
} *qnode;
typedef struct { qnode begin, end; } queue;
void enqueue(queue* q, node n)
{
qnode node = malloc(sizeof(struct qnode_s));
node->value = n;
node->next = 0;
if (q->end)
q->end->next = node;
else
q->begin = node;
q->end = node;
}
node dequeue(queue* q)
{
node tmp = q->begin->value;
qnode second = q->begin->next;
free(q->begin);
q->begin = second;
if (!q->begin)
q->end = 0;
return tmp;
}
int queue_empty(queue* q)
{
return !q->begin;
}
void levelorder(node n, void(*f)(int))
{
queue nodequeue = {};
enqueue(&nodequeue, n);
while (!queue_empty(&nodequeue))
{
node next = dequeue(&nodequeue);
f(next->value);
if (next->left)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->left);
if (next->right)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->right);
}
}
void print(int n)
{
printf("%d ", n);
}
int main()
{
node n = tree(1,
tree(2,
tree(4,
tree(7, 0, 0),
0),
tree(5, 0, 0)),
tree(3,
tree(6,
tree(8, 0, 0),
tree(9, 0, 0)),
0));
printf("preorder: ");
preorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("inorder: ");
inorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("postorder: ");
postorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("level-order: ");
levelorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
destroy_tree(n);
return 0;
}
|
Produce a functionally identical C# code for the snippet given in AWK. | function preorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
res[res["count"]++] = node
split(tree[node], child, ",")
preorder(tree,child[1],res)
preorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function inorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
inorder(tree,child[1],res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
inorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function postorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
postorder(tree,child[1], res)
postorder(tree,child[2], res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
}
function levelorder(tree, node, res, nextnode, queue, child) {
if (node == "")
return
queue["tail"] = 0
queue[queue["head"]++] = node
while (queue["head"] - queue["tail"] >= 1) {
nextnode = queue[queue["tail"]]
delete queue[queue["tail"]++]
res[res["count"]++] = nextnode
split(tree[nextnode], child, ",")
if (child[1] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[1]
if (child[2] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[2]
}
delete queue
}
BEGIN {
tree["1"] = "2,3"
tree["2"] = "4,5"
tree["3"] = "6,"
tree["4"] = "7,"
tree["5"] = ","
tree["6"] = "8,9"
tree["7"] = ","
tree["8"] = ","
tree["9"] = ","
preorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "preorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
inorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "inorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
postorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "postorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
levelorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "level-order:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
}
| using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
class Node
{
int Value;
Node Left;
Node Right;
Node(int value = default(int), Node left = default(Node), Node right = default(Node))
{
Value = value;
Left = left;
Right = right;
}
IEnumerable<int> Preorder()
{
yield return Value;
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Preorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Preorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Inorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Inorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Inorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Postorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Postorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Postorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
}
IEnumerable<int> LevelOrder()
{
var queue = new Queue<Node>();
queue.Enqueue(this);
while (queue.Any())
{
var node = queue.Dequeue();
yield return node.Value;
if (node.Left != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Left);
if (node.Right != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Right);
}
}
static void Main()
{
var tree = new Node(1, new Node(2, new Node(4, new Node(7)), new Node(5)), new Node(3, new Node(6, new Node(8), new Node(9))));
foreach (var traversal in new Func<IEnumerable<int>>[] { tree.Preorder, tree.Inorder, tree.Postorder, tree.LevelOrder })
Console.WriteLine("{0}:\t{1}", traversal.Method.Name, string.Join(" ", traversal()));
}
}
|
Convert this AWK block to C++, preserving its control flow and logic. | function preorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
res[res["count"]++] = node
split(tree[node], child, ",")
preorder(tree,child[1],res)
preorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function inorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
inorder(tree,child[1],res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
inorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function postorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
postorder(tree,child[1], res)
postorder(tree,child[2], res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
}
function levelorder(tree, node, res, nextnode, queue, child) {
if (node == "")
return
queue["tail"] = 0
queue[queue["head"]++] = node
while (queue["head"] - queue["tail"] >= 1) {
nextnode = queue[queue["tail"]]
delete queue[queue["tail"]++]
res[res["count"]++] = nextnode
split(tree[nextnode], child, ",")
if (child[1] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[1]
if (child[2] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[2]
}
delete queue
}
BEGIN {
tree["1"] = "2,3"
tree["2"] = "4,5"
tree["3"] = "6,"
tree["4"] = "7,"
tree["5"] = ","
tree["6"] = "8,9"
tree["7"] = ","
tree["8"] = ","
tree["9"] = ","
preorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "preorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
inorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "inorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
postorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "postorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
levelorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "level-order:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
}
| #include <boost/scoped_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
template<typename T>
class TreeNode {
public:
TreeNode(const T& n, TreeNode* left = NULL, TreeNode* right = NULL)
: mValue(n),
mLeft(left),
mRight(right) {}
T getValue() const {
return mValue;
}
TreeNode* left() const {
return mLeft.get();
}
TreeNode* right() const {
return mRight.get();
}
void preorderTraverse() const {
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mLeft) { mLeft->preorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->preorderTraverse(); }
}
void inorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->inorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mRight) { mRight->inorderTraverse(); }
}
void postorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->postorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->postorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
}
void levelorderTraverse() const {
std::queue<const TreeNode*> q;
q.push(this);
while(!q.empty()) {
const TreeNode* n = q.front();
q.pop();
std::cout << " " << n->getValue();
if(n->left()) { q.push(n->left()); }
if(n->right()) { q.push(n->right()); }
}
}
protected:
T mValue;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mLeft;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mRight;
private:
TreeNode();
};
int main() {
TreeNode<int> root(1,
new TreeNode<int>(2,
new TreeNode<int>(4,
new TreeNode<int>(7)),
new TreeNode<int>(5)),
new TreeNode<int>(3,
new TreeNode<int>(6,
new TreeNode<int>(8),
new TreeNode<int>(9))));
std::cout << "preorder: ";
root.preorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "inorder: ";
root.inorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "postorder: ";
root.postorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "level-order:";
root.levelorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
|
Convert this AWK block to Java, preserving its control flow and logic. | function preorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
res[res["count"]++] = node
split(tree[node], child, ",")
preorder(tree,child[1],res)
preorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function inorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
inorder(tree,child[1],res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
inorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function postorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
postorder(tree,child[1], res)
postorder(tree,child[2], res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
}
function levelorder(tree, node, res, nextnode, queue, child) {
if (node == "")
return
queue["tail"] = 0
queue[queue["head"]++] = node
while (queue["head"] - queue["tail"] >= 1) {
nextnode = queue[queue["tail"]]
delete queue[queue["tail"]++]
res[res["count"]++] = nextnode
split(tree[nextnode], child, ",")
if (child[1] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[1]
if (child[2] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[2]
}
delete queue
}
BEGIN {
tree["1"] = "2,3"
tree["2"] = "4,5"
tree["3"] = "6,"
tree["4"] = "7,"
tree["5"] = ","
tree["6"] = "8,9"
tree["7"] = ","
tree["8"] = ","
tree["9"] = ","
preorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "preorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
inorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "inorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
postorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "postorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
levelorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "level-order:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
}
| import java.util.*;
public class TreeTraversal {
static class Node<T> {
T value;
Node<T> left;
Node<T> right;
Node(T value) {
this.value = value;
}
void visit() {
System.out.print(this.value + " ");
}
}
static enum ORDER {
PREORDER, INORDER, POSTORDER, LEVEL
}
static <T> void traverse(Node<T> node, ORDER order) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
switch (order) {
case PREORDER:
node.visit();
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case INORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
node.visit();
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case POSTORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
node.visit();
break;
case LEVEL:
Queue<Node<T>> queue = new LinkedList<>();
queue.add(node);
while(!queue.isEmpty()){
Node<T> next = queue.remove();
next.visit();
if(next.left!=null)
queue.add(next.left);
if(next.right!=null)
queue.add(next.right);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Node<Integer> one = new Node<Integer>(1);
Node<Integer> two = new Node<Integer>(2);
Node<Integer> three = new Node<Integer>(3);
Node<Integer> four = new Node<Integer>(4);
Node<Integer> five = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> six = new Node<Integer>(6);
Node<Integer> seven = new Node<Integer>(7);
Node<Integer> eight = new Node<Integer>(8);
Node<Integer> nine = new Node<Integer>(9);
one.left = two;
one.right = three;
two.left = four;
two.right = five;
three.left = six;
four.left = seven;
six.left = eight;
six.right = nine;
traverse(one, ORDER.PREORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.INORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.POSTORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.LEVEL);
}
}
|
Write a version of this AWK function in Python with identical behavior. | function preorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
res[res["count"]++] = node
split(tree[node], child, ",")
preorder(tree,child[1],res)
preorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function inorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
inorder(tree,child[1],res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
inorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function postorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
postorder(tree,child[1], res)
postorder(tree,child[2], res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
}
function levelorder(tree, node, res, nextnode, queue, child) {
if (node == "")
return
queue["tail"] = 0
queue[queue["head"]++] = node
while (queue["head"] - queue["tail"] >= 1) {
nextnode = queue[queue["tail"]]
delete queue[queue["tail"]++]
res[res["count"]++] = nextnode
split(tree[nextnode], child, ",")
if (child[1] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[1]
if (child[2] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[2]
}
delete queue
}
BEGIN {
tree["1"] = "2,3"
tree["2"] = "4,5"
tree["3"] = "6,"
tree["4"] = "7,"
tree["5"] = ","
tree["6"] = "8,9"
tree["7"] = ","
tree["8"] = ","
tree["9"] = ","
preorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "preorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
inorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "inorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
postorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "postorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
levelorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "level-order:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
}
| from collections import namedtuple
Node = namedtuple('Node', 'data, left, right')
tree = Node(1,
Node(2,
Node(4,
Node(7, None, None),
None),
Node(5, None, None)),
Node(3,
Node(6,
Node(8, None, None),
Node(9, None, None)),
None))
def printwithspace(i):
print(i, end=' ')
def dfs(order, node, visitor):
if node is not None:
for action in order:
if action == 'N':
visitor(node.data)
elif action == 'L':
dfs(order, node.left, visitor)
elif action == 'R':
dfs(order, node.right, visitor)
def preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('NLR', node, visitor)
def inorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LNR', node, visitor)
def postorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LRN', node, visitor)
def ls(node, more, visitor, order='TB'):
"Level-based Top-to-Bottom or Bottom-to-Top tree search"
if node:
if more is None:
more = []
more += [node.left, node.right]
for action in order:
if action == 'B' and more:
ls(more[0], more[1:], visitor, order)
elif action == 'T' and node:
visitor(node.data)
def levelorder(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'TB')
def reverse_preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('RLN', node, visitor)
def bottom_up_order(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace, order='BT'):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'BT')
if __name__ == '__main__':
w = 10
for traversal in [preorder, inorder, postorder, levelorder,
reverse_preorder, bottom_up_order]:
if traversal == reverse_preorder:
w = 20
print('\nThe generalisation of function dfs allows:')
if traversal == bottom_up_order:
print('The generalisation of function ls allows:')
print(f"{traversal.__name__:>{w}}:", end=' ')
traversal(tree)
print()
|
Change the programming language of this snippet from AWK to VB without modifying what it does. | function preorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
res[res["count"]++] = node
split(tree[node], child, ",")
preorder(tree,child[1],res)
preorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function inorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
inorder(tree,child[1],res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
inorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function postorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
postorder(tree,child[1], res)
postorder(tree,child[2], res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
}
function levelorder(tree, node, res, nextnode, queue, child) {
if (node == "")
return
queue["tail"] = 0
queue[queue["head"]++] = node
while (queue["head"] - queue["tail"] >= 1) {
nextnode = queue[queue["tail"]]
delete queue[queue["tail"]++]
res[res["count"]++] = nextnode
split(tree[nextnode], child, ",")
if (child[1] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[1]
if (child[2] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[2]
}
delete queue
}
BEGIN {
tree["1"] = "2,3"
tree["2"] = "4,5"
tree["3"] = "6,"
tree["4"] = "7,"
tree["5"] = ","
tree["6"] = "8,9"
tree["7"] = ","
tree["8"] = ","
tree["9"] = ","
preorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "preorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
inorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "inorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
postorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "postorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
levelorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "level-order:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
}
| Public Value As Integer
Public LeftChild As TreeItem
Public RightChild As TreeItem
|
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from AWK to Go. | function preorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
res[res["count"]++] = node
split(tree[node], child, ",")
preorder(tree,child[1],res)
preorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function inorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
inorder(tree,child[1],res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
inorder(tree,child[2],res)
}
function postorder(tree, node, res, child) {
if (node == "")
return
split(tree[node], child, ",")
postorder(tree,child[1], res)
postorder(tree,child[2], res)
res[res["count"]++] = node
}
function levelorder(tree, node, res, nextnode, queue, child) {
if (node == "")
return
queue["tail"] = 0
queue[queue["head"]++] = node
while (queue["head"] - queue["tail"] >= 1) {
nextnode = queue[queue["tail"]]
delete queue[queue["tail"]++]
res[res["count"]++] = nextnode
split(tree[nextnode], child, ",")
if (child[1] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[1]
if (child[2] != "")
queue[queue["head"]++] = child[2]
}
delete queue
}
BEGIN {
tree["1"] = "2,3"
tree["2"] = "4,5"
tree["3"] = "6,"
tree["4"] = "7,"
tree["5"] = ","
tree["6"] = "8,9"
tree["7"] = ","
tree["8"] = ","
tree["9"] = ","
preorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "preorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
inorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "inorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
postorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "postorder:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
levelorder(tree,"1",result)
printf "level-order:\t"
for (n = 0; n < result["count"]; n += 1)
printf result[n]" "
printf "\n"
delete result
}
| package main
import "fmt"
type node struct {
value int
left, right *node
}
func (n *node) iterPreorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
visit(n.value)
n.left.iterPreorder(visit)
n.right.iterPreorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterInorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterInorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
n.right.iterInorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterPostorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterPostorder(visit)
n.right.iterPostorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
}
func (n *node) iterLevelorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
for queue := []*node{n}; ; {
n = queue[0]
visit(n.value)
copy(queue, queue[1:])
queue = queue[:len(queue)-1]
if n.left != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.left)
}
if n.right != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.right)
}
if len(queue) == 0 {
return
}
}
}
func main() {
tree := &node{1,
&node{2,
&node{4,
&node{7, nil, nil},
nil},
&node{5, nil, nil}},
&node{3,
&node{6,
&node{8, nil, nil},
&node{9, nil, nil}},
nil}}
fmt.Print("preorder: ")
tree.iterPreorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("inorder: ")
tree.iterInorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("postorder: ")
tree.iterPostorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("level-order: ")
tree.iterLevelorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
}
func visitor(value int) {
fmt.Print(value, " ")
}
|
Change the following Clojure code into C without altering its purpose. | (defn walk [node f order]
(when node
(doseq [o order]
(if (= o :visit)
(f (:val node))
(walk (node o) f order)))))
(defn preorder [node f]
(walk node f [:visit :left :right]))
(defn inorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :visit :right]))
(defn postorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :right :visit]))
(defn queue [& xs]
(when (seq xs)
(apply conj clojure.lang.PersistentQueue/EMPTY xs)))
(defn level-order [root f]
(loop [q (queue root)]
(when-not (empty? q)
(if-let [node (first q)]
(do
(f (:val node))
(recur (conj (pop q) (:left node) (:right node))))
(recur (pop q))))))
(defn vec-to-tree [t]
(if (vector? t)
(let [[val left right] t]
{:val val
:left (vec-to-tree left)
:right (vec-to-tree right)})
t))
(let [tree (vec-to-tree [1 [2 [4 [7]] [5]] [3 [6 [8] [9]]]])
fs '[preorder inorder postorder level-order]
pr-node #(print (format "%2d" %))]
(doseq [f fs]
(print (format "%-12s" (str f ":")))
((resolve f) tree pr-node)
(println)))
| #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct node_s
{
int value;
struct node_s* left;
struct node_s* right;
} *node;
node tree(int v, node l, node r)
{
node n = malloc(sizeof(struct node_s));
n->value = v;
n->left = l;
n->right = r;
return n;
}
void destroy_tree(node n)
{
if (n->left)
destroy_tree(n->left);
if (n->right)
destroy_tree(n->right);
free(n);
}
void preorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
f(n->value);
if (n->left)
preorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
preorder(n->right, f);
}
void inorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
inorder(n->left, f);
f(n->value);
if (n->right)
inorder(n->right, f);
}
void postorder(node n, void (*f)(int))
{
if (n->left)
postorder(n->left, f);
if (n->right)
postorder(n->right, f);
f(n->value);
}
typedef struct qnode_s
{
struct qnode_s* next;
node value;
} *qnode;
typedef struct { qnode begin, end; } queue;
void enqueue(queue* q, node n)
{
qnode node = malloc(sizeof(struct qnode_s));
node->value = n;
node->next = 0;
if (q->end)
q->end->next = node;
else
q->begin = node;
q->end = node;
}
node dequeue(queue* q)
{
node tmp = q->begin->value;
qnode second = q->begin->next;
free(q->begin);
q->begin = second;
if (!q->begin)
q->end = 0;
return tmp;
}
int queue_empty(queue* q)
{
return !q->begin;
}
void levelorder(node n, void(*f)(int))
{
queue nodequeue = {};
enqueue(&nodequeue, n);
while (!queue_empty(&nodequeue))
{
node next = dequeue(&nodequeue);
f(next->value);
if (next->left)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->left);
if (next->right)
enqueue(&nodequeue, next->right);
}
}
void print(int n)
{
printf("%d ", n);
}
int main()
{
node n = tree(1,
tree(2,
tree(4,
tree(7, 0, 0),
0),
tree(5, 0, 0)),
tree(3,
tree(6,
tree(8, 0, 0),
tree(9, 0, 0)),
0));
printf("preorder: ");
preorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("inorder: ");
inorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("postorder: ");
postorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
printf("level-order: ");
levelorder(n, print);
printf("\n");
destroy_tree(n);
return 0;
}
|
Rewrite this program in C# while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Clojure version. | (defn walk [node f order]
(when node
(doseq [o order]
(if (= o :visit)
(f (:val node))
(walk (node o) f order)))))
(defn preorder [node f]
(walk node f [:visit :left :right]))
(defn inorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :visit :right]))
(defn postorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :right :visit]))
(defn queue [& xs]
(when (seq xs)
(apply conj clojure.lang.PersistentQueue/EMPTY xs)))
(defn level-order [root f]
(loop [q (queue root)]
(when-not (empty? q)
(if-let [node (first q)]
(do
(f (:val node))
(recur (conj (pop q) (:left node) (:right node))))
(recur (pop q))))))
(defn vec-to-tree [t]
(if (vector? t)
(let [[val left right] t]
{:val val
:left (vec-to-tree left)
:right (vec-to-tree right)})
t))
(let [tree (vec-to-tree [1 [2 [4 [7]] [5]] [3 [6 [8] [9]]]])
fs '[preorder inorder postorder level-order]
pr-node #(print (format "%2d" %))]
(doseq [f fs]
(print (format "%-12s" (str f ":")))
((resolve f) tree pr-node)
(println)))
| using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
class Node
{
int Value;
Node Left;
Node Right;
Node(int value = default(int), Node left = default(Node), Node right = default(Node))
{
Value = value;
Left = left;
Right = right;
}
IEnumerable<int> Preorder()
{
yield return Value;
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Preorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Preorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Inorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Inorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Inorder())
yield return value;
}
IEnumerable<int> Postorder()
{
if (Left != null)
foreach (var value in Left.Postorder())
yield return value;
if (Right != null)
foreach (var value in Right.Postorder())
yield return value;
yield return Value;
}
IEnumerable<int> LevelOrder()
{
var queue = new Queue<Node>();
queue.Enqueue(this);
while (queue.Any())
{
var node = queue.Dequeue();
yield return node.Value;
if (node.Left != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Left);
if (node.Right != null)
queue.Enqueue(node.Right);
}
}
static void Main()
{
var tree = new Node(1, new Node(2, new Node(4, new Node(7)), new Node(5)), new Node(3, new Node(6, new Node(8), new Node(9))));
foreach (var traversal in new Func<IEnumerable<int>>[] { tree.Preorder, tree.Inorder, tree.Postorder, tree.LevelOrder })
Console.WriteLine("{0}:\t{1}", traversal.Method.Name, string.Join(" ", traversal()));
}
}
|
Write a version of this Clojure function in C++ with identical behavior. | (defn walk [node f order]
(when node
(doseq [o order]
(if (= o :visit)
(f (:val node))
(walk (node o) f order)))))
(defn preorder [node f]
(walk node f [:visit :left :right]))
(defn inorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :visit :right]))
(defn postorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :right :visit]))
(defn queue [& xs]
(when (seq xs)
(apply conj clojure.lang.PersistentQueue/EMPTY xs)))
(defn level-order [root f]
(loop [q (queue root)]
(when-not (empty? q)
(if-let [node (first q)]
(do
(f (:val node))
(recur (conj (pop q) (:left node) (:right node))))
(recur (pop q))))))
(defn vec-to-tree [t]
(if (vector? t)
(let [[val left right] t]
{:val val
:left (vec-to-tree left)
:right (vec-to-tree right)})
t))
(let [tree (vec-to-tree [1 [2 [4 [7]] [5]] [3 [6 [8] [9]]]])
fs '[preorder inorder postorder level-order]
pr-node #(print (format "%2d" %))]
(doseq [f fs]
(print (format "%-12s" (str f ":")))
((resolve f) tree pr-node)
(println)))
| #include <boost/scoped_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
template<typename T>
class TreeNode {
public:
TreeNode(const T& n, TreeNode* left = NULL, TreeNode* right = NULL)
: mValue(n),
mLeft(left),
mRight(right) {}
T getValue() const {
return mValue;
}
TreeNode* left() const {
return mLeft.get();
}
TreeNode* right() const {
return mRight.get();
}
void preorderTraverse() const {
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mLeft) { mLeft->preorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->preorderTraverse(); }
}
void inorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->inorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
if(mRight) { mRight->inorderTraverse(); }
}
void postorderTraverse() const {
if(mLeft) { mLeft->postorderTraverse(); }
if(mRight) { mRight->postorderTraverse(); }
std::cout << " " << getValue();
}
void levelorderTraverse() const {
std::queue<const TreeNode*> q;
q.push(this);
while(!q.empty()) {
const TreeNode* n = q.front();
q.pop();
std::cout << " " << n->getValue();
if(n->left()) { q.push(n->left()); }
if(n->right()) { q.push(n->right()); }
}
}
protected:
T mValue;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mLeft;
boost::scoped_ptr<TreeNode> mRight;
private:
TreeNode();
};
int main() {
TreeNode<int> root(1,
new TreeNode<int>(2,
new TreeNode<int>(4,
new TreeNode<int>(7)),
new TreeNode<int>(5)),
new TreeNode<int>(3,
new TreeNode<int>(6,
new TreeNode<int>(8),
new TreeNode<int>(9))));
std::cout << "preorder: ";
root.preorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "inorder: ";
root.inorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "postorder: ";
root.postorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "level-order:";
root.levelorderTraverse();
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
|
Rewrite the snippet below in Java so it works the same as the original Clojure code. | (defn walk [node f order]
(when node
(doseq [o order]
(if (= o :visit)
(f (:val node))
(walk (node o) f order)))))
(defn preorder [node f]
(walk node f [:visit :left :right]))
(defn inorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :visit :right]))
(defn postorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :right :visit]))
(defn queue [& xs]
(when (seq xs)
(apply conj clojure.lang.PersistentQueue/EMPTY xs)))
(defn level-order [root f]
(loop [q (queue root)]
(when-not (empty? q)
(if-let [node (first q)]
(do
(f (:val node))
(recur (conj (pop q) (:left node) (:right node))))
(recur (pop q))))))
(defn vec-to-tree [t]
(if (vector? t)
(let [[val left right] t]
{:val val
:left (vec-to-tree left)
:right (vec-to-tree right)})
t))
(let [tree (vec-to-tree [1 [2 [4 [7]] [5]] [3 [6 [8] [9]]]])
fs '[preorder inorder postorder level-order]
pr-node #(print (format "%2d" %))]
(doseq [f fs]
(print (format "%-12s" (str f ":")))
((resolve f) tree pr-node)
(println)))
| import java.util.*;
public class TreeTraversal {
static class Node<T> {
T value;
Node<T> left;
Node<T> right;
Node(T value) {
this.value = value;
}
void visit() {
System.out.print(this.value + " ");
}
}
static enum ORDER {
PREORDER, INORDER, POSTORDER, LEVEL
}
static <T> void traverse(Node<T> node, ORDER order) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
switch (order) {
case PREORDER:
node.visit();
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case INORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
node.visit();
traverse(node.right, order);
break;
case POSTORDER:
traverse(node.left, order);
traverse(node.right, order);
node.visit();
break;
case LEVEL:
Queue<Node<T>> queue = new LinkedList<>();
queue.add(node);
while(!queue.isEmpty()){
Node<T> next = queue.remove();
next.visit();
if(next.left!=null)
queue.add(next.left);
if(next.right!=null)
queue.add(next.right);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Node<Integer> one = new Node<Integer>(1);
Node<Integer> two = new Node<Integer>(2);
Node<Integer> three = new Node<Integer>(3);
Node<Integer> four = new Node<Integer>(4);
Node<Integer> five = new Node<Integer>(5);
Node<Integer> six = new Node<Integer>(6);
Node<Integer> seven = new Node<Integer>(7);
Node<Integer> eight = new Node<Integer>(8);
Node<Integer> nine = new Node<Integer>(9);
one.left = two;
one.right = three;
two.left = four;
two.right = five;
three.left = six;
four.left = seven;
six.left = eight;
six.right = nine;
traverse(one, ORDER.PREORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.INORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.POSTORDER);
System.out.println();
traverse(one, ORDER.LEVEL);
}
}
|
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Clojure snippet. | (defn walk [node f order]
(when node
(doseq [o order]
(if (= o :visit)
(f (:val node))
(walk (node o) f order)))))
(defn preorder [node f]
(walk node f [:visit :left :right]))
(defn inorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :visit :right]))
(defn postorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :right :visit]))
(defn queue [& xs]
(when (seq xs)
(apply conj clojure.lang.PersistentQueue/EMPTY xs)))
(defn level-order [root f]
(loop [q (queue root)]
(when-not (empty? q)
(if-let [node (first q)]
(do
(f (:val node))
(recur (conj (pop q) (:left node) (:right node))))
(recur (pop q))))))
(defn vec-to-tree [t]
(if (vector? t)
(let [[val left right] t]
{:val val
:left (vec-to-tree left)
:right (vec-to-tree right)})
t))
(let [tree (vec-to-tree [1 [2 [4 [7]] [5]] [3 [6 [8] [9]]]])
fs '[preorder inorder postorder level-order]
pr-node #(print (format "%2d" %))]
(doseq [f fs]
(print (format "%-12s" (str f ":")))
((resolve f) tree pr-node)
(println)))
| from collections import namedtuple
Node = namedtuple('Node', 'data, left, right')
tree = Node(1,
Node(2,
Node(4,
Node(7, None, None),
None),
Node(5, None, None)),
Node(3,
Node(6,
Node(8, None, None),
Node(9, None, None)),
None))
def printwithspace(i):
print(i, end=' ')
def dfs(order, node, visitor):
if node is not None:
for action in order:
if action == 'N':
visitor(node.data)
elif action == 'L':
dfs(order, node.left, visitor)
elif action == 'R':
dfs(order, node.right, visitor)
def preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('NLR', node, visitor)
def inorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LNR', node, visitor)
def postorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('LRN', node, visitor)
def ls(node, more, visitor, order='TB'):
"Level-based Top-to-Bottom or Bottom-to-Top tree search"
if node:
if more is None:
more = []
more += [node.left, node.right]
for action in order:
if action == 'B' and more:
ls(more[0], more[1:], visitor, order)
elif action == 'T' and node:
visitor(node.data)
def levelorder(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'TB')
def reverse_preorder(node, visitor = printwithspace):
dfs('RLN', node, visitor)
def bottom_up_order(node, more=None, visitor = printwithspace, order='BT'):
ls(node, more, visitor, 'BT')
if __name__ == '__main__':
w = 10
for traversal in [preorder, inorder, postorder, levelorder,
reverse_preorder, bottom_up_order]:
if traversal == reverse_preorder:
w = 20
print('\nThe generalisation of function dfs allows:')
if traversal == bottom_up_order:
print('The generalisation of function ls allows:')
print(f"{traversal.__name__:>{w}}:", end=' ')
traversal(tree)
print()
|
Convert the following code from Clojure to VB, ensuring the logic remains intact. | (defn walk [node f order]
(when node
(doseq [o order]
(if (= o :visit)
(f (:val node))
(walk (node o) f order)))))
(defn preorder [node f]
(walk node f [:visit :left :right]))
(defn inorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :visit :right]))
(defn postorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :right :visit]))
(defn queue [& xs]
(when (seq xs)
(apply conj clojure.lang.PersistentQueue/EMPTY xs)))
(defn level-order [root f]
(loop [q (queue root)]
(when-not (empty? q)
(if-let [node (first q)]
(do
(f (:val node))
(recur (conj (pop q) (:left node) (:right node))))
(recur (pop q))))))
(defn vec-to-tree [t]
(if (vector? t)
(let [[val left right] t]
{:val val
:left (vec-to-tree left)
:right (vec-to-tree right)})
t))
(let [tree (vec-to-tree [1 [2 [4 [7]] [5]] [3 [6 [8] [9]]]])
fs '[preorder inorder postorder level-order]
pr-node #(print (format "%2d" %))]
(doseq [f fs]
(print (format "%-12s" (str f ":")))
((resolve f) tree pr-node)
(println)))
| Public Value As Integer
Public LeftChild As TreeItem
Public RightChild As TreeItem
|
Generate an equivalent Go version of this Clojure code. | (defn walk [node f order]
(when node
(doseq [o order]
(if (= o :visit)
(f (:val node))
(walk (node o) f order)))))
(defn preorder [node f]
(walk node f [:visit :left :right]))
(defn inorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :visit :right]))
(defn postorder [node f]
(walk node f [:left :right :visit]))
(defn queue [& xs]
(when (seq xs)
(apply conj clojure.lang.PersistentQueue/EMPTY xs)))
(defn level-order [root f]
(loop [q (queue root)]
(when-not (empty? q)
(if-let [node (first q)]
(do
(f (:val node))
(recur (conj (pop q) (:left node) (:right node))))
(recur (pop q))))))
(defn vec-to-tree [t]
(if (vector? t)
(let [[val left right] t]
{:val val
:left (vec-to-tree left)
:right (vec-to-tree right)})
t))
(let [tree (vec-to-tree [1 [2 [4 [7]] [5]] [3 [6 [8] [9]]]])
fs '[preorder inorder postorder level-order]
pr-node #(print (format "%2d" %))]
(doseq [f fs]
(print (format "%-12s" (str f ":")))
((resolve f) tree pr-node)
(println)))
| package main
import "fmt"
type node struct {
value int
left, right *node
}
func (n *node) iterPreorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
visit(n.value)
n.left.iterPreorder(visit)
n.right.iterPreorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterInorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterInorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
n.right.iterInorder(visit)
}
func (n *node) iterPostorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
n.left.iterPostorder(visit)
n.right.iterPostorder(visit)
visit(n.value)
}
func (n *node) iterLevelorder(visit func(int)) {
if n == nil {
return
}
for queue := []*node{n}; ; {
n = queue[0]
visit(n.value)
copy(queue, queue[1:])
queue = queue[:len(queue)-1]
if n.left != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.left)
}
if n.right != nil {
queue = append(queue, n.right)
}
if len(queue) == 0 {
return
}
}
}
func main() {
tree := &node{1,
&node{2,
&node{4,
&node{7, nil, nil},
nil},
&node{5, nil, nil}},
&node{3,
&node{6,
&node{8, nil, nil},
&node{9, nil, nil}},
nil}}
fmt.Print("preorder: ")
tree.iterPreorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("inorder: ")
tree.iterInorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("postorder: ")
tree.iterPostorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
fmt.Print("level-order: ")
tree.iterLevelorder(visitor)
fmt.Println()
}
func visitor(value int) {
fmt.Print(value, " ")
}
|
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