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|---|---|---|
12,570 | English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God... | [
{
"answer": "ecstatic experiences of union with the divine",
"question": "What did European mysticism concentrate on that English mysticism didn't?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "English mysticism was composed of how many elements?"
},
{
"answer": "it emulated the moral essence of ... |
12,571 | For English Dominican mystics, the mystical experience was not expressed just in one moment of the full knowledge of God, but in the journey of, or process of, faith. This then led to an understanding that was directed toward an experiential knowledge of divinity. It is important to understand, however, that for these ... | [
{
"answer": "the journey of, or process of, faith",
"question": "What was so important to English mystics?"
},
{
"answer": "knowledge of divinity",
"question": "The process of faith leads one to what?"
},
{
"answer": "visions and voices",
"question": "What did the English Dominican m... |
12,572 | The center of all mystical experience is, of course, Christ. English Dominicans sought to gain a full knowledge of Christ through an imitation of His life. English mystics of all types tended to focus on the moral values that the events in Christ's life exemplified. This led to a "progressive understanding of the meani... | [
{
"answer": "through an imitation of His life",
"question": "How did the English order hope to gain knowledge of Christ?"
},
{
"answer": "Christ",
"question": "Who is at the center of all mystical experiences?"
},
{
"answer": "emulation of the moral actions and attitudes that Jesus demon... |
12,573 | The English concentrated on the spirit of the events of Christ's life, not the literality of events. They neither expected nor sought the appearance of the stigmata or any other physical manifestation. They wanted to create in themselves that environment that allowed Jesus to fulfill His divine mission, insofar as they... | [
{
"answer": "the events of Christ's life",
"question": "The English Dominican Order focused primarily on what?"
},
{
"answer": "the stigmata",
"question": "What did the English Order not care about?"
},
{
"answer": "love",
"question": "The English Dominican Order wanted to put what a... |
12,574 | Concerning humanity as the image of Christ, English Dominican spirituality concentrated on the moral implications of image-bearing rather than the philosophical foundations of the imago Dei. The process of Christ's life, and the process of image-bearing, amends humanity to God's image. The idea of the "image of God" de... | [
{
"answer": "an image of God",
"question": "What is man always seen as?"
},
{
"answer": "moral implications of image-bearing",
"question": "What did the English Dominicans like to concentrate on?"
},
{
"answer": "The process of Christ's life",
"question": "What amends humanity to God... |
12,575 | Eton is one of ten English HMC schools, commonly referred to as "public schools", regulated by the Public Schools Act of 1868. Following the public school tradition, Eton is a full boarding school, which means all pupils live at the school, and it is one of four such remaining single-sex boys' public schools in the Uni... | [
{
"answer": "ten",
"question": "How many public schools are regulated by the 1868 Public Schools Act?"
},
{
"answer": "boarding school",
"question": "Which type of school requires students to live at the school?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many all-male boarding schools ... |
12,576 | Eton has a long list of distinguished former pupils. David Cameron is the 19th British prime minister to have attended the school, and has recommended that Eton set up a school in the state sector to help drive up standards. Eton now co-sponsors a state sixth-form college in Newham, a deprived area of East London, call... | [
{
"answer": "19",
"question": "How many British prime ministers attended Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "London Academy of Excellence",
"question": "Which college in Newham does Eton College co-sponsor?"
},
{
"answer": "free of charge",
"question": "How does London Academy of Excellence vary ... |
12,578 | In the run-up to the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games and London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, Eton's purpose-built Dorney Lake, a permanent, eight-lane, 2,200 metre course (about 1.4 miles) in a 400-acre park, officially known throughout the Games as Eton Dorney, provided training facilities for Olympic and Paralympic... | [
{
"answer": "training facilities",
"question": "What purpose did Eton Dorney have to the London Olympic games?"
},
{
"answer": "400,000 visitors during the Games period (around 30,000 per day)",
"question": "How many visitors attended Eton Dorney during the 2012 Olympics?"
},
{
"answer":... |
12,579 | Construction of the chapel, originally intended to be slightly over twice as long, with eighteen - or possibly seventeen - bays (there are eight today) was stopped when Henry VI was deposed. Only the Quire of the intended building was completed. Eton's first Headmaster, William Waynflete, founder of Magdalen College, O... | [
{
"answer": "William Waynflete",
"question": "Who was Eton's first Headmaster?"
},
{
"answer": "1480s",
"question": "How old are the wall paintings in the Chapel and School Yard?"
},
{
"answer": "1441 and 1460",
"question": "Between what years was College Hall built?"
},
{
"a... |
12,580 | As the school suffered reduced income while still under construction, the completion and further development of the school has since depended to some extent on wealthy benefactors. Building resumed when Roger Lupton was Provost, around 1517. His name is borne by the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fr... | [
{
"answer": "1517",
"question": "Around what year did construction continue after a period of financial struggle?"
},
{
"answer": "Roger Lupton",
"question": "Whose name is on the gate-house fronting School Yard?"
},
{
"answer": "Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber",
"questi... |
12,581 | The Duke of Wellington is often incorrectly quoted as saying that "The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton". Wellington was at Eton from 1781 to 1784 and was to send his sons there. According to Nevill (citing the historian Sir Edward Creasy), what Wellington said, while passing an Eton cricket mat... | [
{
"answer": "Duke of Wellington",
"question": "Who was incorrctly quoted in saying \"The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton\"?"
},
{
"answer": "1781 to 1784",
"question": "During what years was the Duke of Wellington at Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "the manly character ind... |
12,582 | As with other public schools, a scheme was devised towards the end of the 19th century to familiarize privileged schoolboys with social conditions in deprived areas. The project of establishing an 'Eton Mission' in the crowded district of Hackney Wick in east London was started at the beginning of 1880, and lasted unti... | [
{
"answer": "59 Club",
"question": "Which club at Eaton is for motorcyclists?"
},
{
"answer": "familiarize privileged schoolboys with social conditions in deprived areas",
"question": "What was the purpose for creating an Eton Mission?"
},
{
"answer": "Eton Manor Boys' Club",
"questi... |
12,583 | The very large and ornate School Hall and School Library (by L K. Hall) were erected in 1906-8 across the road from Upper School as the school's memorial to the Etonians who had died in the Boer War. Many tablets in the cloisters and chapel commemorate the large number of dead Etonians of the Great War. A bomb destroye... | [
{
"answer": "Etonians who had died in the Boer War",
"question": "To whom were School Hall and School Library erected in memoriam of?"
},
{
"answer": "A bomb",
"question": "What destroyed part of the Upper School and Chapel in WWII?"
},
{
"answer": "Evie Hone",
"question": "Who was h... |
12,584 | In the past, people at Eton have occasionally been guilty of antisemitism. For a time, new admissions were called 'Jews' by their fellow Collegers. In 1945, the school introduced a nationality statute conditioning entry on the applicant's father being British by birth. The statute was removed after the intervention of ... | [
{
"answer": "'Jews'",
"question": "What were new students once called by others?"
},
{
"answer": "applicant's father being British by birth",
"question": "What stipulation did the school base entrance on in 1945?"
},
{
"answer": "\"suspected a whiff of anti-semitism\"",
"question": "... |
12,585 | One boarding house, College, is reserved for seventy King's Scholars, who attend Eton on scholarships provided by the original foundation and awarded by examination each year; King's Scholars pay up to 90% of full fees, depending on their means. Of the other pupils, up to a third receive some kind of bursary or scholar... | [
{
"answer": "King's Scholars",
"question": "The College boarding house is reserved for whom?"
},
{
"answer": "the school was founded by King Henry VI",
"question": "Where do \"King's Scholars\" get their name?"
},
{
"answer": "seventy",
"question": "How many original Scholars were th... |
12,586 | As the School grew, more students were allowed to attend provided that they paid their own fees and lived in the town, outside the College's original buildings. These students became known as Oppidans, from the Latin word oppidum, meaning town. The Houses developed over time as a means of providing residence for the Op... | [
{
"answer": "Oppidans",
"question": "What is the term given to students who lived in town, but not on the campus of Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "\"dames\"",
"question": "Oppidan residences were generally cared after by women known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "the teacher who lives in the house an... |
12,587 | Not all boys who pass the College election examination choose to become King's Scholars. If they choose instead to belong to one of the 24 Oppidan Houses, they are known as Oppidan Scholars. Oppidan scholarships may also be awarded for consistently performing with distinction in School and external examinations. To gai... | [
{
"answer": "Oppidan Scholars",
"question": "If a boy elects to live in an Oppidan house instead of the College house, what are they called?"
},
{
"answer": "Oppidan Scholar",
"question": "Which students are allowed to use the letters OS after their name?"
},
{
"answer": "24",
"quest... |
12,588 | The Oppidan Houses are named Godolphin House, Jourdelay's, (both built as such c. 1720), Hawtrey House, Durnford House, (the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows, 1845, when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control), The Hopgarden, South Lawn, Waynflete, Evans's, Keate Hous... | [
{
"answer": "Godolphin House, Jourdelay's",
"question": "Which Oppidan Houses did not change from their original 1720 names?"
},
{
"answer": "Hawtrey House, Durnford House",
"question": "Which two houses were built as student population increased 1845?"
},
{
"answer": "Godolphin House, J... |
12,589 | For much of Eton's history, junior boys had to act as "fags", or servants, to older boys. Their duties included cleaning, cooking, and running errands. A Library member was entitled to yell at any time and without notice, "Boy, Up!" or "Boy, Queue!", and all first-year boys had to come running. The last boy to arrive w... | [
{
"answer": "\"fags\"",
"question": "What term was given to juniors who acted as servants to older students?"
},
{
"answer": "cleaning, cooking, and running errands",
"question": "What were common duties of younger servant students?"
},
{
"answer": "\"Boy, Up!\" or \"Boy, Queue!\"",
... |
12,590 | The long-standing claim that the present uniform was first worn as mourning for the death of George III is unfounded. "Eton dress" has undergone significant changes since its standardisation in the 19th century. Originally (along with a top-hat and walking-cane), Etonian dress was reserved for formal occasions, but boy... | [
{
"answer": "mourning for the death of George III",
"question": "There is false belief that the current uniforms were first worn for what event?"
},
{
"answer": "Members of the teaching staff",
"question": "What are Beaks?"
},
{
"answer": "when teaching",
"question": "When are Beaks ... |
12,591 | Later the emphasis was on classical studies, dominated by Latin and Ancient History, and, for boys with sufficient ability, Classical Greek. From the latter part of the 19th century this curriculum has changed and broadened: for example, there are now more than 100 students of Chinese, which is a non-curriculum course.... | [
{
"answer": "more than 100",
"question": "How many current students take Chinese courses at Eaton?"
},
{
"answer": "non-curriculum",
"question": "Is Chinese a required or non-curriculum course?"
},
{
"answer": "just one",
"question": "How many computers were at Eaton in the 1970s?"
... |
12,592 | The primary responsibility for a boy's studies lies with his House Master, but he is assisted by an additional director of studies, known as a tutor. Classes, colloquially known as "divs" (divisions), are organised on a School basis; the classrooms are separate from the houses. New school buildings have appeared for te... | [
{
"answer": "House Master",
"question": "With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie?"
},
{
"answer": "Henry Woodyer",
"question": "Who designed the learning buildings at Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "separate",
"question": "Are living houses and classrooms seperat... |
12,593 | Societies tend to come and go, of course, depending on the special enthusiasms of the masters and boys in the school at the time, but some have been in existence many years. Those in existence at present include: Aeronautical, African, Alexander Cozens (Art), Amnesty, Archeological, Architectural, Astronomy, Banks (con... | [
{
"answer": "Wine and Wotton’s",
"question": "Which Eton society is dedicated to philosophy?"
},
{
"answer": "Rous",
"question": "Which Eton society is centered around horses?"
},
{
"answer": "Rock",
"question": "What is the name of the Eton club for musical interests?"
},
{
... |
12,594 | Prizes are awarded on the results of trials (internal exams), GCSE and AS-levels. In addition, many subjects and activities have specially endowed prizes, several of which are awarded by visiting experts. The most prestigious is the Newcastle Scholarship, awarded on the strength of an examination, consisting of two pap... | [
{
"answer": "a project on a scientific subject",
"question": "For what is the Huxley prize awarded?"
},
{
"answer": "Tomline and Russell",
"question": "Which two prizes are dedicated to mathematics?"
},
{
"answer": "painting, sculpture, ceramics, playing musical instruments, musical comp... |
12,595 | Various benefactions make it possible to give grants each year to boys who wish, for educational or cultural reasons, to work or travel abroad. These include the Busk Fund, which supports individual ventures that show particular initiative; the C.M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund, for the promotion of visits to classical la... | [
{
"answer": "individual ventures that show particular initiative",
"question": "What does the Busk Fund support?"
},
{
"answer": "Marsden Fund",
"question": "Which Fund is dedicated for travel to non-English speaking countries?"
},
{
"answer": "the C.M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund",
"q... |
12,596 | If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work, it may be "Sent Up For Good", storing the effort in the College Archives for posterity. This award has been around since the 18th century. As Sending Up For Good is fairly infrequent, the process is rather mysterious to many of Eton's boys. First, the master wishing to ... | [
{
"answer": "If any boy produces an outstanding piece of work",
"question": "What action results in something being \"Sent Up For Good?\""
},
{
"answer": "a card",
"question": "What does a student receive when work is Sent Up For Good?"
},
{
"answer": "House Master, tutor and division ma... |
12,597 | The opposite of a Show Up is a "Rip". This is for sub-standard work, which is sometimes torn at the top of the page/sheet and must be submitted to the boy's housemaster for signature. Boys who accumulate rips are liable to be given a "White Ticket", which must be signed by all his teachers and may be accompanied by oth... | [
{
"answer": "a \"Rip\"",
"question": "What is the opposite of a Show Up?"
},
{
"answer": "the boy's housemaster",
"question": "Who must sign a Rip?"
},
{
"answer": "all his teachers",
"question": "Who must sign a White Ticket?"
},
{
"answer": "the boy's housemaster and tutor"... |
12,598 | A boy who is late for any division or other appointment may be required to sign "Tardy Book", a register kept in the School Office, between 7.35am and 7.45am, every morning for the duration of his sentence (typically three days). Tardy Book may also be issued for late work. For more serious misdeeds, a boy is summoned ... | [
{
"answer": "a \"run\"",
"question": "What term is used if a master is more than 15 minutes late to a class?"
},
{
"answer": "School Office",
"question": "Where is the \"Tardy Book\" kept?"
},
{
"answer": "typically three days",
"question": "How long is the typical punishment for bei... |
12,599 | John Keate, Head Master from 1809 to 1834, took over at a time when discipline was poor. Anthony Chenevix-Trench, Head Master from 1964 to 1970, abolished the birch and replaced it with caning, also applied to the bare posterior, which he administered privately in his office. Chenevix-Trench also abolished corporal pun... | [
{
"answer": "caning",
"question": "The birch was abolished and replaced with what?"
},
{
"answer": "\"Pop-Tanning\"",
"question": "What was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton referred to as?"
},
{
"answer": "the caning would cut the cloth to shreds",
"question": "Why... |
12,600 | The current "Precentor" (Head of Music) is Tim Johnson, and the School boasts eight organs and an entire building for music (performance spaces include the School Hall, the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music, the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall). Many instruments are taught, including obscure ones such as ... | [
{
"answer": "\"Precentor\"",
"question": "What term is given to the Head of Music?"
},
{
"answer": "didgeridoo",
"question": "What is an example of a lesser-known instrument taught at Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "Tim Johnson",
"question": "Who is the current Precentor?"
},
{
"answe... |
12,601 | Numerous plays are put on every year at Eton College; there is one main theatre, called the Farrer (seating 400) and 2 Studio theatres, called the Caccia Studio and Empty Space (seating 90 and 80 respectively). There are about 8 or 9 house productions each year, around 3 or 4 "independent" plays (not confined solely to... | [
{
"answer": "400",
"question": "How many people can sit in the audience at Eton's main theatre?"
},
{
"answer": "Farrer",
"question": "What is the name of Eton's largest theatre?"
},
{
"answer": "about 8 or 9",
"question": "How many house productions does Eton run each year?"
},
... |
12,602 | In recent years, the School has put on a musical version of The Bacchae (October 2009) as well as productions of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (May 2010), The Cherry Orchard (February 2011), Joseph K (October 2011), Cyrano de Bergerac (May 2012), Macbeth (October 2012), London Assurance (May 2013) and ... | [
{
"answer": "girls from surrounding schools",
"question": "Who are cast in Eton's female roles in their productions?"
},
{
"answer": "Boys from the School",
"question": "Who is responsible for stage hand duties, lighting, sound, and management?"
},
{
"answer": "Macbeth",
"question": ... |
12,603 | Eton's best-known holiday takes place on the so-called "Fourth of June", a celebration of the birthday of King George III, Eton's greatest patron. This day is celebrated with the Procession of Boats, in which the top rowing crews from the top four years row past in vintage wooden rowing boats. Similar to the Queen's Of... | [
{
"answer": "\"Fourth of June\"",
"question": "What is Eton's best-known holiday?"
},
{
"answer": "the birthday of King George III",
"question": "What does the \"Fourth of June\" celebrate?"
},
{
"answer": "the Wednesday before the first weekend of June",
"question": "When is the Fou... |
12,605 | In 1995 the National Lottery granted money for a £4.6m sports complex, to add to Eton's existing facilities of two swimming pools, 30 cricket squares, 24 football, rugby and hockey pitches and a gym. The College paid £200,000 and contributed 4.5 hectares of land in return for exclusive use of the facilities during the ... | [
{
"answer": "the National Lottery",
"question": "Who granted money to Eton for a sports complex in 1995?"
},
{
"answer": "April 1999",
"question": "When did the Thames Valley Athletics Centre open?"
},
{
"answer": "in return for exclusive use of the facilities during the daytime only",
... |
12,606 | In October 2004, Sarah Forsyth claimed that she had been dismissed unfairly by Eton College and had been bullied by senior staff. She also claimed she was instructed to do some of Prince Harry's coursework to enable him to pass AS Art. As evidence, Forsyth provided secretly recorded conversations with both Prince Harry... | [
{
"answer": "Sarah Forsyth",
"question": "Who claimed she had been unfairly fired by Eton and won her case?"
},
{
"answer": "secretly recorded conversations with both Prince Harry and her Head of Department, Ian Burke",
"question": "What did Sarah Forsyth provide as evidence to her unfair termin... |
12,607 | It criticised Forsyth's decision to record a conversation with Harry as an abuse of teacher–student confidentiality and said "It is clear whichever version of the evidence is accepted that Mr Burke did ask the claimant to assist Prince Harry with text for his expressive art project ... It is not part of this tribunal's... | [
{
"answer": "unfounded and irrelevant",
"question": "The School dismissed claims that Prince Harry was cheating by saying the claims were what?"
},
{
"answer": "Forsyth's decision to record a conversation with Harry",
"question": "What was potentially considered abuse of teacher-student confiden... |
12,609 | A Freedom of Information request in 2005 revealed that Eton had received £2,652 in farming subsidies in 2004 under the Common Agricultural Policy. Asked to explain under what grounds it was eligible to receive farming subsidies, Eton admitted that it was 'a bit of a mystery'. The TaxPayers' Alliance also stated that Et... | [
{
"answer": "£2,652",
"question": "How much had Eton received in farming subsidies in 2005?"
},
{
"answer": "Common Agricultural Policy",
"question": "Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming?"
},
{
"answer": "environmental improvements",
"question": "What did... |
12,610 | Figures obtained by The Daily Telegraph had revealed that, in 2010, 37 applicants from Eton were accepted by Oxford whilst state schools had difficulty obtaining entry even for pupils with the country's most impressive exam results. According to The Economist, Oxford and Cambridge admit more Etonians each year than app... | [
{
"answer": "nine",
"question": "How many outreach events were held at Eton by Oxford University in 2010?"
},
{
"answer": "Wellington College",
"question": "Which independent school had more hosted outreach events than Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "Labour MP David Lammy",
"question": "Who d... |
12,611 | In July 2015, Eton accidentally sent emails to 400 prospective students, offering them conditional entrance to the school in September 2017. The email was intended for nine students, but an IT glitch caused the email to be sent to 400 additional families, who didn't necessarily have a place. In response, the school iss... | [
{
"answer": "July 2015",
"question": "When was an accidental email sent to potential students of Eton that warranted a personal apology to each family?"
},
{
"answer": "400",
"question": "How many prospective students received a mistaken email in July 2015?"
},
{
"answer": "nine",
"q... |
12,612 | In January 2016, the Eton College beagling club was accused by the League Against Cruel Sports of undertaking an illegal hare hunt. The allegations were accompanied by a video of the Eton Beagles chasing a hare, as 'the hunt staff urge the beagles on and make no efforts to call the dogs off.' A spokesman representing E... | [
{
"answer": "an illegal hare hunt",
"question": "What was Eton's beagle club accused of in January 2016?"
},
{
"answer": "a video",
"question": "What evidence was brought forth of a potential hare hunt?"
},
{
"answer": "extremely seriously",
"question": "Did Eton's official statement... |
12,613 | Eton College has links with some private schools in India today, maintained from the days of the British Raj, such as The Doon School and Mayo College. Eton College is also a member of the G20 Schools Group, a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world, including Turkey's Robert College, t... | [
{
"answer": "Roxbury Latin School",
"question": "Which male private school in Boston, USA has Eton formed a relationship with?"
},
{
"answer": "Wotton house",
"question": "Where do Hennessy Scholars typically reside?"
},
{
"answer": "2005",
"question": "In which year was the Hennessy... |
12,614 | Besides Prince William and Prince Harry, members of the extended British Royal Family who have attended Eton include Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester and his son Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster; Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, his eldest son George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews and grandson Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatr... | [
{
"answer": "Prince Richard",
"question": "Which Duke of Gloucester attended Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "Ulster",
"question": "Where is Prince Richard's son, Alexander Windsor, Earl of?"
},
{
"answer": "George Lascelles",
"question": "Which 7th Earl of Harewood attended Eton?"
},
{
... |
12,615 | Other notable Old Etonians include scientists Robert Boyle, John Maynard Smith, J. B. S. Haldane, Stephen Wolfram and the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner, John Gurdon; Beau Brummell; economists John Maynard Keynes and Richard Layard; Antarctic explorer Lawrence Oates; politician Alan Clark; entreprene... | [
{
"answer": "John Gurdon",
"question": "Which 2012 Nobel Prize winner attended Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "Lawrence Oates",
"question": "Which Antarctic explorer attended Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "Eton",
"question": "Where did adventurer Bear Grylls attend school?"
}
] |
12,616 | Notable Old Etonians in the media include the former Political Editor of both ITN and The Times, Julian Haviland; the current BBC Deputy Political Editor, James Landale, and the BBC Science Editor, David Shukman; the current President of Conde Nast International and Managing Director of Conde Nast UK, Nicholas Coleridg... | [
{
"answer": "James Landale",
"question": "Which current BBC Deputy Political Editor attended Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "Charles Moore",
"question": "Which former Editor of the Daily Telegraph attended Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "Geordie Greig",
"question": "Who is a former Eton alumn and curr... |
12,617 | Actor Dominic West has been unenthusiastic about the career benefits of being an Old Etonian, saying it "is a stigma that is slightly above 'paedophile' in the media in a gallery of infamy", but asked whether he would consider sending his own children there, said "Yes, I would. It’s an extraordinary place... It has the... | [
{
"answer": "Yes, I would.",
"question": "According to actor Dominic Wes, would he send his children to Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "They champion the talent of the individual",
"question": "According to actor Tom Hiddleston, that is special about Eton?"
},
{
"answer": "Tom Hiddleston",
"q... |
12,618 | Cork was originally a monastic settlement, reputedly founded by Saint Finbarr in the 6th century. Cork achieved an urban character at some point between 915 and 922 when Norseman (Viking) settlers founded a trading port. It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandina... | [
{
"answer": "Saint Finbarr",
"question": "Who was thought to have founded Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "6th century",
"question": "When was Cork believed to have been founded?"
},
{
"answer": "some point between 915 and 922",
"question": "When did Viking travelers establish a trading post i... |
12,619 | The city's charter was granted by Prince John, as Lord of Ireland, in 1185. The city was once fully walled, and some wall sections and gates remain today. For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of Old English culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside and cut off from the English ... | [
{
"answer": "Prince John",
"question": "Who granted Cork's charter?"
},
{
"answer": "fully walled",
"question": "What kind of protection did Cork have?"
},
{
"answer": "some wall sections and gates",
"question": "What parts of Cork's defense remain today?"
},
{
"answer": "Bla... |
12,620 | The city's municipal government was dominated by about 12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe — in particular the export of wool and hides and the import of salt, iron and wine. The medieval population of Cork was about 2,100 people. It suffered a severe blow in 1349 when... | [
{
"answer": "12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe",
"question": "Who controlled Cork's municipal government?"
},
{
"answer": "about 2,100",
"question": "How many citizens were origionally in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Black Death",
"quest... |
12,621 | The climate of Cork, like the rest of Ireland, is mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Cork lies in plant Hardiness zone 9b. Met Éireann maintains a climatological weather station at Cork Airport, a few kilometres south of the city. It should be noted that the airport is at an ... | [
{
"answer": "mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes",
"question": "What is the weather like in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Met Éireann",
"question": "Who keeps a weather station in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "the airport is at an altitude of 151 metres (495 f... |
12,623 | The Cork School of Music and the Crawford College of Art and Design provide a throughput of new blood, as do the active theatre components of several courses at University College Cork (UCC). Highlights include: Corcadorca Theatre Company, of which Cillian Murphy was a troupe member prior to Hollywood fame; the Institu... | [
{
"answer": "The Everyman Palace Theatre (capacity c.650) and the Granary Theatre (capacity c.150)",
"question": "Where is a good place to find dramatic plays all year in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Cillian Murphy",
"question": "Which Hollywood actress first began in Cork at the Corcadorca Theatre Co... |
12,624 | Cork is home to the RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet, and to many musical acts, including John Spillane, The Frank And Walters, Sultans of Ping, Simple Kid, Microdisney, Fred, Mick Flannery and the late Rory Gallagher. Singer songwriter Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan of The High Llamas also hail from Cork. The opera singers Cara... | [
{
"answer": "Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan",
"question": "Which group members of The High Llamas are from Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Cara O'Sullivan, Mary Hegarty, Brendan Collins, and Sam McElroy",
"question": "Which major opera singers were born in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Plugd Records",... |
12,625 | Cork has been culturally diverse for many years, from Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities and a smaller numbers from African and Asian nations in the 20th and 21st centuries. This is reflected in the multi-cultural restaurants and shops, including specialist shops for East-... | [
{
"answer": "Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities",
"question": "What are 2 major cultural influences of Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "multi-cultural restaurants and shops",
"question": "What things show Corks diverse culural background?"
},
{
"answe... |
12,626 | The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number of diale... | [
{
"answer": "Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched",
"question": "What sets the Cork accent apart from other Irish accents?"
},
{
"answer": "rhoticity",
"question": "What is the name of the English dialects that are written and... |
12,627 | The city's FM radio band features RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ 2fm, RTÉ lyric fm, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Today FM, 4fm, Newstalk and the religious station Spirit Radio. There are also local stations such as Cork's 96FM, Cork's Red FM, C103, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm) and Christian radio station ... | [
{
"answer": "Life 93.1FM",
"question": "Is there a Christian radio station in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "South Coast Radio and ERI",
"question": "What are some pirate radio stations that were based in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Radio Kerry at 97.0 and WLR FM on 95.1",
"question": "What nearb... |
12,628 | Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner). It also prints the Evening Echo, which for decades has been connected to the Echo Boys, who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper. Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can stil... | [
{
"answer": "the Irish Examiner",
"question": "WHich Irish newspaper has it's homebase in Cork, Ireland?"
},
{
"answer": "Cork Examiner",
"question": "What was the Irish Examiner's previous identity?"
},
{
"answer": "poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper",
"question... |
12,629 | Cork features architecturally notable buildings originating from the Medieval to Modern periods. The only notable remnant of the Medieval era is the Red Abbey. There are two cathedrals in the city; St. Mary's Cathedral and Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral. St Mary's Cathedral, often referred to as the North Cathedral, is th... | [
{
"answer": "Medieval to Modern",
"question": "From which periods are the buildings in Cork from?"
},
{
"answer": "only notable remnant of the Medieval era",
"question": "What is so special about the Red Abbey in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many cathedrals does Cork... |
12,630 | St. Patrick's Street, the main street of the city which was remodelled in the mid-2000s, is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route and is the main shopping thoroughfare. The reason for its curved shape is that it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on a... | [
{
"answer": "St. Patrick's Street",
"question": "What is main street Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "mid-2000s",
"question": "When was St. Patrick's Street remodeled?"
},
{
"answer": "it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on arches",
"question": "What is St. Patrick... |
12,631 | Many of the city's buildings are in the Georgian style, although there are a number of examples of modern landmark structures, such as County Hall tower, which was, at one time the tallest building in Ireland until being superseded by another Cork City building: The Elysian. Across the river from County Hall is Ireland... | [
{
"answer": "Georgian",
"question": "What style does most of the city's architecture belong to?"
},
{
"answer": "The Elysian",
"question": "WHat is the tallest building in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Our Lady's Psychiatric Hospital",
"question": "What is the longest building in Cork?"
}... |
12,632 | Other notable places include Elizabeth Fort, the Cork Opera House, Christ Church on South Main Street (now the Triskel Arts Centre and original site of early Hiberno-Norse church), St Mary's Dominican Church on Popes Quay and Fitzgerald's Park to the west of the city, which contains the Cork Public Museum. Other popula... | [
{
"answer": "University College Cork",
"question": "What is the name of the college in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "River Lee",
"question": "Which river runs through the university's campus?"
},
{
"answer": "present building dates from 1786",
"question": "How old is the building holding th... |
12,633 | While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members ar... | [
{
"answer": "local government",
"question": "Who takes care of roads and sanitation in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "six electoral wards",
"question": "How many wards make up Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Fianna Fáil (10 members)",
"question": "What is the most well represented ward in Cork?"
},... |
12,635 | Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where ov... | [
{
"answer": "pharmaceuticals",
"question": "What is the main industry in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis",
"question": "Who are the two major industry employers in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Viagra",
"question": "What is the most famous pharmaceutical compan... |
12,636 | The city is also home to the Heineken Brewery that brews Murphy's Irish Stout and the nearby Beamish and Crawford brewery (taken over by Heineken in 2008) which have been in the city for generations. 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets are manufactured at the city's Ferrero factory. For many years, Cork was the home to F... | [
{
"answer": "Heineken",
"question": "Cork is home to which internationally famous brewery?"
},
{
"answer": "45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets",
"question": "What is the Ferro Factory known for producing?"
},
{
"answer": "Ford Motor Company",
"question": "Which car company closed the ... |
12,637 | Public bus services within the city are provided by the national bus operator Bus Éireann. City routes are numbered from 201 through to 219 and connect the city centre to the principal suburbs, colleges, shopping centres and places of interest. Two of these bus routes provide orbital services across the Northern and So... | [
{
"answer": "Bus Éireann",
"question": "Who runs the public busses in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "shuttles to Cork Airport, and a park and ride facility in the south suburbs only",
"question": "Besides busses, what kinds of public transportation are offered in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "connect t... |
12,638 | The Cork area has seen improvements in road infrastructure in recent years. For example, the Cork South Link dual carriageway was built in the early 1980s, to link the Kinsale Road roundabout with the city centre. Shortly afterwards, the first sections of the South Ring dual carriageway were opened. Work continued thro... | [
{
"answer": "1980s",
"question": "When was the Cork South Link dual carriageway built?"
},
{
"answer": "to link the Kinsale Road roundabout with the city centre",
"question": "What was the purpose of the dual carriageway?"
},
{
"answer": "remove a bottleneck for traffic heading to Cork A... |
12,639 | Cork was one of the most rail-oriented cities in Ireland, featuring eight stations at various times. The main route, still much the same today, is from Dublin Heuston. Originally terminating on the city's outskirts at Blackpool, the route now reaches the city centre terminus of Kent Station via Glanmire tunnel. Now a t... | [
{
"answer": "eight",
"question": "How many rail stations has cork had over the years?"
},
{
"answer": "the line through Kent",
"question": "What connects Cobh and Midleton to Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Dublin Heuston",
"question": "Where does the main rail originate?"
},
{
"answe... |
12,640 | Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation. A proposal to develop a horse-drawn tram (linking the city's railway termini) was made by American George Francis Train in the 1860s, and implemented in 1872 by the Cork Tramway Company. However, the company ceased trading in 1875 after Cork Corporation re... | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many tram systems were in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "George Francis Train",
"question": "Who wanted to develop a horse drawn tram system?"
},
{
"answer": "1872",
"question": "When did the Cork Tramway Company start a horse driven tram system?"
},
{... |
12,641 | The Cork Suburban Rail system also departs from Kent Station and provides connections to parts of Metropolitan Cork. Stations include Little Island, Mallow, Midleton, Fota and Cobh. In July 2009 the Glounthaune to Midleton line was reopened, with new stations at Carrigtwohill and Midleton (with future stations planned ... | [
{
"answer": "Glounthaune to Midleton",
"question": "Which line was reopened in 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "Carrigtwohill and Midleton",
"question": "What new stations were added to the Glounthaune to Midleton line?"
},
{
"answer": "Kilbarry Railway Station",
"question": "What station is g... |
12,642 | The National Maritime College of Ireland is also located in Cork and is the only college in Ireland in which Nautical Studies and Marine Engineering can be undertaken. CIT also incorporates the Cork School of Music and Crawford College of Art and Design as constituent schools. The Cork College of Commerce is the larges... | [
{
"answer": "The National Maritime College of Ireland",
"question": "Where can one study nautical and marine subjects in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "Cork School of Music and Crawford College of Art and Design",
"question": "What liberal arts type colleges are in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "The Cor... |
12,643 | Research institutes linked to the third level colleges in the city support the research and innovation capacity of the city and region. Examples include the Tyndall National Institute (ICT hardware research), IMERC (Marine Energy), Environmental Research Institute, NIMBUS (Network Embedded Systems); and CREATE (Advance... | [
{
"answer": "The Rubicon Centre",
"question": "What is the biggest conglomeration of start-up companies in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "IMERC (Marine Energy)",
"question": "Where is a good source of marine research in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "the IGNITE Graduate Business Innovation Centre",
... |
12,644 | Hurling and football are the most popular spectator sports in the city. Hurling has a strong identity with city and county – with Cork winning 30 All-Ireland Championships. Gaelic football is also popular, and Cork has won 7 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles. There are many Gaelic Athletic Association clu... | [
{
"answer": "Hurling and football",
"question": "What are the biggest sports draws in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "30",
"question": "How many All-Ireland Championships has Cork won?"
},
{
"answer": "7",
"question": "How many All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles have been won by ... |
12,645 | There are a variety of watersports in Cork, including rowing and sailing. There are five rowing clubs training on the river Lee, including Shandon BC, UCC RC, Pres RC, Lee RC, and Cork BC. Naomhóga Chorcaí is a rowing club whose members row traditional naomhóga on the Lee in occasional competitions. The "Ocean to City"... | [
{
"answer": "rowing and sailing",
"question": "What kinds of sea faring sports are available in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many rowing clubs are in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven",
"question": "Where is the world's oldest ya... |
12,646 | The most notable cricket club in Cork is Cork County Cricket Club, which was formed in 1874. Although located within the Munster jurisdiction, the club plays in the Leinster Senior League. The club plays at the Mardyke, a ground which has hosted three first-class matches in 1947, 1961 and 1973. All three involved Irela... | [
{
"answer": "Cork County Cricket Club",
"question": "What's the most famous cricket club in Cork?"
},
{
"answer": "1874",
"question": "When was the Cork County Cricket Club established?"
},
{
"answer": "Leinster Senior League",
"question": "Which league does the Cork County Cricket C... |
12,647 | The city is also the home of road bowling, which is played in the north-side and south-west suburbs. There are also boxing and martial arts clubs (including Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Karate, Muay Thai and Taekwondo) within the city. Cork Racing, a motorsport team based in Cork, has raced in the Irish Formula Ford Championsh... | [
{
"answer": "Leeside Lions",
"question": "Which Australian Rules Football team is Cork home to?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many times have the Leeside Lions won the Australian Rules Football League of Ireland Premiership?"
},
{
"answer": "2002, 2003, 2005 and 2007",
"qu... |
12,648 | Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding ... | [
{
"answer": "mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments",
"question": "What is federalism?"
},
{
"answer": "a relationship of parity between the two levels of government",
"question": "What features are distinctive of federa... |
12,650 | The terms 'federalism' and 'confederalism' both have a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning treaty, pact or covenant. Their common meaning until the late eighteenth century was a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty. They were therefore initially synonyms. It was... | [
{
"answer": "foedus",
"question": "What is the Latin word for federalism? "
},
{
"answer": "a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty.",
"question": "What was federalism and confederalism common meaning in the 18th century? "
},
{
"answ... |
12,651 | Whilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland. Tensions between t... | [
{
"answer": "homogeneous states",
"question": "Where does the federalist model work best in? "
},
{
"answer": "United States, Germany or Australia",
"question": "What are homogeneous states? "
},
{
"answer": "Canada",
"question": "Where can tensions be found in the federalist countri... |
12,652 | In the United States, federalism originally referred to belief in a stronger central government. When the U.S. Constitution was being drafted, the Federalist Party supported a stronger central government, while "Anti-Federalists" wanted a weaker central government. This is very different from the modern usage of "feder... | [
{
"answer": "belief in a stronger central government.",
"question": "In the United States, what was federalism referred to? "
},
{
"answer": "stronger central government",
"question": "When the U.S Constitution was being drafted, what did the federalist party support? "
},
{
"answer": "w... |
12,653 | In contrast, Europe has a greater history of unitary states than North America, thus European "federalism" argues for a weaker central government, relative to a unitary state. The modern American usage of the word is much closer to the European sense. As the power of the Federal government has increased, some people ha... | [
{
"answer": "Europe",
"question": "Who has a greater history of unitary states? "
},
{
"answer": "weaker central government, relative to a unitary state",
"question": "What does federalism mean in Europe? "
},
{
"answer": "judiciary",
"question": "What branch does the United States w... |
12,654 | On the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation. The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there. In the 1890s the governments of these colonies all held referendum... | [
{
"answer": "nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation",
"question": "What happened on January 1st 1901?"
},
{
"answer": "1788",
"question": "When did the United Kingdom colonized the Australian continent?"
},
{
"answer": "United States of America",
"qu... |
12,655 | In Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazilian constitution sin... | [
{
"answer": "1889",
"question": "When was Brazil's fall of the monarchy?"
},
{
"answer": "military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca.",
"question": "Who caused the fall of the monarchy happened in Brazil?"
},
{
"answer": "1891",
"que... |
12,656 | The government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government), representing the U... | [
{
"answer": "tiered system",
"question": "What is the government of India based on? "
},
{
"answer": "the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers",
"question": "What is a tiered system? "
},
{
"answer": "two-tier system of gover... |
12,657 | A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, ... | [
{
"answer": "asymmetric",
"question": "What is a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism?"
},
{
"answer": "special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession",
"question": "What does Article 370 say?"
},
{
"answer": "special provisions for the sta... |
12,658 | Although the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been Germany, ... | [
{
"answer": "Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg",
"question": "Who is the strongest advocate of the European Federalism?"
},
{
"answer": "United Kingdom, Denmark and France",
"question": "Who opposed the European Federalism? "
},
{
"answer": "Since the presidency of François Mitterra... |
12,659 | The Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United Sta... | [
{
"answer": "1863",
"question": "When did the federal war end?"
},
{
"answer": "with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces",
"question": "How did the federal war end? "
},
{
"answer": "\"Federation of Sovereign States\" up... |
12,660 | On the other hand, Belgian federalism is federated with three components. An affirmative resolution concerning Brussels' place in the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels. These resolutions passed against the desires of Dutch-speaking parties, who are generally in favour of a federal system... | [
{
"answer": "three components",
"question": "How many components does the Belgian federalism have? "
},
{
"answer": "Brussels' parliament",
"question": "What passed on July 18, 2007?"
},
{
"answer": "Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party",
"question": "What are the Fle... |
12,661 | However, in order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements. Besides, unlike in the federal system, the main taxes are taken centrally from Madrid (except for the Basque ... | [
{
"answer": "Basque Country and Navarre",
"question": "Which cities are recognized in the Spanish Democratic Constitution? "
},
{
"answer": "the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements.",
"question": "How did they manag... |
12,662 | Anarchists are against the State but are not against political organization or "governance"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy. The mode of political organization preferred by anarchists, in general, is federalism or confederalism.[citation needed] However, the anarchist definition of federalis... | [
{
"answer": "State",
"question": "What are anarchists against? "
},
{
"answer": "not against political organization or \"governance\"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy.",
"question": "What are anarchists not against? "
},
{
"answer": "federalism or confederalism... |
12,663 | Alternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in the German Bundesr... | [
{
"answer": "government or legislature",
"question": "Who can elect the members of the upper house? "
},
{
"answer": "indirectly",
"question": "Can the members of the upper house be elected directly or indirectly? "
},
{
"answer": "directly",
"question": "Can the members of the lower... |
12,664 | Federalism, and other forms of territorially autonomy, is generally seen as a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries because it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level. Some scholars have suggested, however, that federalism can divid... | [
{
"answer": "a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries",
"question": "What is federalism seen as? "
},
{
"answer": "it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level",
"question": "What does federalism allow?"
},
... |
12,665 | The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet st... | [
{
"answer": "changed towards a generally autonomous model",
"question": "What happened to Russia's subdivision of government? "
},
{
"answer": "in the aftermath of the Soviet Union",
"question": "When was Russia's subdivision liberalized?"
},
{
"answer": "Boris Yeltsin",
"question": ... |
12,666 | Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In "Federalist No. 46," James Madison asserted that the states and national governmen... | [
{
"answer": "ederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States",
"question": "What is federalism in the United States?"
},
{
"answer": "American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of assoc... |
12,667 | Because the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government has certain express p... | [
{
"answer": "Because the states were preexisting political entities",
"question": "Why did the constitution didn't have to explain federalism? "
},
{
"answer": "enumerated powers",
"question": "What is another word for express powers? "
},
{
"answer": "in the Constitution",
"question... |
12,668 | The Federalist Party of the United States was opposed by the Democratic-Republicans, including powerful figures such as Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic-Republicans mainly believed that: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked; the Executive ha... | [
{
"answer": "Democratic-Republicans",
"question": "What was the federalist party of the United States opposed to?"
},
{
"answer": "the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked",
"question": "What did the democratic-republican... |
12,669 | The meaning of federalism, as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context.[citation needed] Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.[citation needed] For example, at th... | [
{
"answer": "as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context",
"question": "What is the meaning of federalism?"
},
{
"answer": "Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or dec... |
12,670 | From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court... | [
{
"answer": "the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause.",
"question": "What happened between 1938 to 1995?"
},
{
"answer": "Commerce Clause",
"question": "What are most actions in the federal government known as?"
},
... |
12,671 | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | [
{
"answer": "two components",
"question": "How many components does the Belgian political landscape include?"
},
{
"answer": "the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels",
"question": "What are the two compo... |
12,672 | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | [
{
"answer": "provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent",
"question": "The US Constitution says what to amendments? "
},
{
"answer": "cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state",
"question": "What happen... |
12,673 | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | [
{
"answer": "the same powers",
"question": "What does every component state of federation possess?"
},
{
"answer": "where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do",
"question": "Asymmetric federalism exist when?"
},
{
"answer": "Basques and Cat... |
12,674 | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | [
{
"answer": "special procedures",
"question": "What does federations have for amendments of the constitution? "
},
{
"answer": "federal structure",
"question": "What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?"
},
{
"answer": "required that a proposal be endorsed not... |
12,675 | The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft... | [
{
"answer": "mechanisms to protect the rights of component states",
"question": "What does the structures of the federal government incorporate?"
},
{
"answer": "intrastate federalism",
"question": "What is one method to protect the rights of the component states?"
},
{
"answer": "is to ... |
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