id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
12,891 | On the shores of the strait, in 1701, the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, along with fifty-one French people and French Canadians, founded a settlement called Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, naming it after Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. France offered free lan... | [
{
"answer": "1,400",
"question": "What was Detroit's population in 1773?"
},
{
"answer": "2,144",
"question": "What was Detroit's population in 1778?"
},
{
"answer": "800",
"question": "What was Detroit's population in 1765?"
},
{
"answer": "Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontcha... |
12,892 | The region grew based on the lucrative fur trade, in which numerous Native American people had important roles. Detroit's city flag reflects its French colonial heritage. (See Flag of Detroit). Descendants of the earliest French and French Canadian settlers formed a cohesive community who gradually were replaced as the... | [
{
"answer": "fur",
"question": "What trade was instrumental to the growth of this region?"
},
{
"answer": "Anglo-American settlers",
"question": "By which group were the original French and French Canadians replaced?"
},
{
"answer": "Muskrat French",
"question": "What is the name of ... |
12,893 | From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan (first the territory, then the state). Detroit surrendered without a fight to British troops during the War of 1812 in the Siege of Detroit. The Battle of Frenchtown (January 18–23, 1813) was part of a United States effort to retake the city, and American troops su... | [
{
"answer": "War of 1812",
"question": "In which War was Detroit captured by the British?"
},
{
"answer": "Battle of Frenchtown",
"question": "In which battle did American troops suffer the highest casualties?"
},
{
"answer": "1813",
"question": "In which year was Detroit recaptured?... |
12,894 | Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War, including the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment (part of the legendary Iron Brigade), which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrive... | [
{
"answer": "1863",
"question": "What year was the Battle of Gettysburg?"
},
{
"answer": "George Armstrong Custer",
"question": "Who led the Wolverine Brigade?"
},
{
"answer": "Iron Brigade",
"question": "What Brigade was the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment a part of?"
},
{
"... |
12,895 | During the late 19th century, several Gilded Age mansions reflecting the wealth of industry and shipping magnates were built east and west of the current downtown, along the major avenues of the Woodward plan. Most notable among them was the David Whitney House located at 4421 Woodward Avenue, which became a prime loca... | [
{
"answer": "Paris of the West",
"question": "What was a nickname for Detroit in the late 19th century?"
},
{
"answer": "Great Lakes",
"question": "On which waterway is Detroit located?"
},
{
"answer": "David Whitney House",
"question": "What is the most famous mansion in Detroit?"
... |
12,896 | With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor and the United Auto Workers fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages. They initiated strikes and other tactics in support of improvements such as the 8-hour day/40-... | [
{
"answer": "Jimmy Hoffa",
"question": "Who was the labor leader of the Teamsters?"
},
{
"answer": "Walter Reuther",
"question": "Who was the labor leader of the Autoworkers?"
},
{
"answer": "8",
"question": "How many hours did the unions push for as a maximum for a work day?"
},
... |
12,898 | Jobs expanded so rapidly that 400,000 people were attracted to the city from 1941 to 1943, including 50,000 blacks in the second wave of the Great Migration, and 350,000 whites, many of them from the South. Some European immigrants and their descendants feared black competition for jobs and housing. The federal governm... | [
{
"answer": "34",
"question": "How many people were killed in the race riot of 1943?"
},
{
"answer": "400,000",
"question": "How many people came to Detroit between 1941 and 1943?"
},
{
"answer": "Packard plant protest",
"question": "After which event did the 1943 race riot happen?"
... |
12,899 | As in other major American cities in the postwar era, construction of an extensive highway and freeway system around Detroit and pent-up demand for new housing stimulated suburbanization; highways made commuting by car easier. In 1956, Detroit's last heavily used electric streetcar line along the length of Woodward Ave... | [
{
"answer": "1956",
"question": "In which year was the last electric streetcar line removed?"
},
{
"answer": "60",
"question": "How many seconds did a streetcar run along Woodward Ave in 1941?"
},
{
"answer": "highways",
"question": "What made car travel much easier?"
}
] |
12,900 | In June 1963, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave a major speech in Detroit that foreshadowed his "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C. two months later. While the African-American Civil Rights Movement gained significant federal civil rights laws in 1964 and 1965, longstanding inequities resulted in confrontations... | [
{
"answer": "1963",
"question": "In which year did Martin Luther King Jr. give a speech in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Twelfth Street riot",
"question": "What is the name of the riot in Detroit in 1967?"
},
{
"answer": "George W. Romney",
"question": "Who was the Governor of Michigan i... |
12,901 | On August 18, 1970, the NAACP filed suit against Michigan state officials, including Governor William Milliken, charging de facto public school segregation. The NAACP argued that although schools were not legally segregated, the city of Detroit and its surrounding counties had enacted policies to maintain racial segreg... | [
{
"answer": "William Milliken",
"question": "Who was Governor of Michigan in 1970?"
},
{
"answer": "Milliken v. Bradley",
"question": "What is the court case that ruled that schools were subject to local control?"
},
{
"answer": "1974",
"question": "In which year did the Supreme Cour... |
12,902 | "Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period," said Myron Orfield, professor of law at the University of Minnesota. "Had that gone the other way, it would have opened the door to fixing nearly all of Detroit's current problems." John Mogk, a professor of law and an expert in urban planning at Wa... | [
{
"answer": "Milliken",
"question": "What case is cited as a reason for White people leaving Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Wayne State University",
"question": "What school does John Mogk teach at?"
},
{
"answer": "University of Minnesota",
"question": "At which school did Myron Orfield ... |
12,903 | In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problemat... | [
{
"answer": "Coleman Young",
"question": "Who was the first black mayor of Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Detroit People Mover",
"question": "What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system?"
},
{
"answer": "$600 million",
"question": "How much did the ... |
12,904 | The gasoline crises of 1973 and 1979 also affected Detroit and the U.S. auto industry. Buyers chose smaller, more fuel-efficient cars made by foreign makers as the price of gas rose. Efforts to revive the city were stymied by the struggles of the auto industry, as their sales and market share declined. Automakers laid ... | [
{
"answer": "gasoline crises",
"question": "What hurt the Auto industry?"
},
{
"answer": "eminent domain",
"question": "What did Detroit use to build it's tax base?"
},
{
"answer": "eroding the tax base",
"question": "What was one of the effects of having employers cut jobs and closi... |
12,905 | As mayor, Young sought to revive the city by seeking to increase investment in the city's declining downtown. The Renaissance Center, a mixed-use office and retail complex, opened in 1977. This group of skyscrapers was an attempt to keep businesses in downtown. Young also gave city support to other large developments t... | [
{
"answer": "The Renaissance Center",
"question": "What group of buildings opened in 1977?"
},
{
"answer": "high crime rate",
"question": "What was Mayor Young criticized for not reducing?"
},
{
"answer": "suburbs",
"question": "What area did downtown Detroit continue to lose busines... |
12,906 | Long a major population center and site of worldwide automobile manufacturing, Detroit has suffered a long economic decline produced by numerous factors. Like many industrial American cities, Detroit reached its population peak in the 1950 census. The peak population was 1.8 million people. Following suburbanization, i... | [
{
"answer": "1950",
"question": "In which year did Detroit's population peak?"
},
{
"answer": "1.8 million",
"question": "What was the population of Detroit in 1950?"
},
{
"answer": "40",
"question": "By how much in percent has the population of Detroit declined since 1950?"
},
{... |
12,907 | Campus Martius, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States. The city's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment, following successful examples of other older industrial cities. In 2001, the first... | [
{
"answer": "2004",
"question": "In which year was Campus Martius open?"
},
{
"answer": "riverfront",
"question": "What area has Detroit been trying to redevelop?"
},
{
"answer": "2001",
"question": "In which year did Detroit celebrate it's 300th anniversary?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
12,908 | Since 2006, $9 billion has been invested in downtown and surrounding neighborhoods; $5.2 billion of that in has come in 2013 and 2014. Construction activity, particularly rehabilitation of historic downtown buildings, has increased markedly. The number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 1... | [
{
"answer": "$9 billion",
"question": "How much has been invested in Detroit since 2006?"
},
{
"answer": "Strathmore",
"question": "Which hotel is set to be renovated?"
},
{
"answer": "$5.2 billion",
"question": "How much money has been invested in Detroit in 2013-2014?"
},
{
... |
12,909 | Detroit's protracted decline has resulted in severe urban decay and thousands of empty buildings around the city. Some parts of Detroit are so sparsely populated that the city has difficulty providing municipal services. The city has considered various solutions, such as demolishing abandoned homes and buildings; remov... | [
{
"answer": "1,000-3,000",
"question": "How many stray dogs do studies suggest are in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "$246 million",
"question": "How much in unpaid taxes did Detroit fail to collect in 2011?"
},
{
"answer": "urban decay",
"question": "What is the term for when a city falls... |
12,910 | The city slopes gently from the northwest to southeast on a till plain composed largely of glacial and lake clay. The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor sit atop, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m) above the river... | [
{
"answer": "Detroit Moraine",
"question": "What is the prominent topographical feature in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "675 to 680 feet",
"question": "How tall is the tallest point in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Detroit River",
"question": "What is the lowest point in Detroit along side?"... |
12,911 | Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel providing railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry, located near the Windsor Salt Mine and Zug Is... | [
{
"answer": "Detroit Salt Company",
"question": "What company mines salt in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "1,500",
"question": "How many acres is the Windsor Salt Mine?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many routes to Canada does Detroit have?"
},
{
"answer": "Michigan Cent... |
12,913 | Precipitation is moderate and somewhat evenly distributed throughout the year, although the warmer months such as May and June average more, averaging 33.5 inches (850 mm) annually, but historically ranging from 20.49 in (520 mm) in 1963 to 47.70 in (1,212 mm) in 2011. Snowfall, which typically falls in measurable amou... | [
{
"answer": "33.5 inches",
"question": "What is the average rainfall for summer months?"
},
{
"answer": "42.5",
"question": "How many inches of snow does Detroit get on average?"
},
{
"answer": "spring and summer",
"question": "When do thunderstorms usually occur in Detroit?"
},
... |
12,914 | Seen in panorama, Detroit's waterfront shows a variety of architectural styles. The post modern Neo-Gothic spires of the One Detroit Center (1993) were designed to blend with the city's Art Deco skyscrapers. Together with the Renaissance Center, they form a distinctive and recognizable skyline. Examples of the Art Deco... | [
{
"answer": "post modern Neo-Gothic spires",
"question": "What architectural style does One Detroit Center boast?"
},
{
"answer": "Art Deco",
"question": "What style does the Guardian building use?"
},
{
"answer": "Fox Theatre",
"question": "What is a famous theater in Detroit?"
},... |
12,915 | While the Downtown and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the ... | [
{
"answer": "Downtown and New Center",
"question": "What areas of Detroit contain high rises?"
},
{
"answer": "Palmer Park",
"question": "What is the neighborhood just west of Woodward?"
},
{
"answer": "historic",
"question": "What type of neighborhood is Sherwood Forest?"
}
] |
12,916 | The Detroit International Riverfront includes a partially completed three-and-one-half mile riverfront promenade with a combination of parks, residential buildings, and commercial areas. It extends from Hart Plaza to the MacArthur Bridge accessing Belle Isle Park (the largest island park in a U.S. city). The riverfront... | [
{
"answer": "Belle Isle Park",
"question": "What is the large island park in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Tri-Centennial State Park",
"question": "What is Michigan's first urban park?"
},
{
"answer": "two-mile",
"question": "How long is the second phase of the riverfront?"
},
{
... |
12,917 | Lafayette Park is a revitalized neighborhood on the city's east side, part of the Ludwig Mies van der Rohe residential district. The 78-acre (32 ha) development was originally called the Gratiot Park. Planned by Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Hilberseimer and Alfred Caldwell it includes a landscaped, 19-acre (7.7 ha) park w... | [
{
"answer": "78-acre",
"question": "How large is Lafayette Park?"
},
{
"answer": "Southwest Detroit",
"question": "In which part of Detroit is Mexicantown International Welcome Center?"
},
{
"answer": "Ludwig Mies van der Rohe residential district",
"question": "What district is Lafa... |
12,918 | The city has numerous neighborhoods consisting of vacant properties resulting in low inhabited density in those areas, stretching city services and infrastructure. These neighborhoods are concentrated in the northeast and on the city's fringes. A 2009 parcel survey found about a quarter of residential lots in the city ... | [
{
"answer": "a quarter",
"question": "How many of Detroit's residential lots are are underdeveloped?"
},
{
"answer": "10%",
"question": "How many of Detroit's housing is unoccupied?"
},
{
"answer": "9%",
"question": "How many home in Detroit need minor repairs?"
},
{
"answer"... |
12,919 | Public funding and private investment have also been made with promises to rehabilitate neighborhoods. In April 2008, the city announced a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax. The city's working plans for... | [
{
"answer": "$300-million",
"question": "How much in stimulus money was announced in 2008?"
},
{
"answer": "Mayor Bing",
"question": "Who was the Mayor of Detroit in 2011?"
},
{
"answer": "Far Eastside Plan",
"question": "What is the plan called that seeks to clear land for neighborh... |
12,920 | The loss of industrial and working-class jobs in the city has resulted in high rates of poverty and associated problems. From 2000 to 2009, the city's estimated median household income fell from $29,526 to $26,098. As of 2010[update] the mean income of Detroit is below the overall U.S. average by several thousand dolla... | [
{
"answer": "$26,098",
"question": "What was the median household income in 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "$29,526",
"question": "What was the median household income in 2000?"
},
{
"answer": "one",
"question": "How many residents of Detroit in three live in poverty?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
12,921 | Oakland County in Metro Detroit, once rated amongst the wealthiest US counties per household, is no longer shown in the top 25 listing of Forbes magazine. But internal county statistical methods – based on measuring per capita income for counties with more than one million residents – show that Oakland is still within ... | [
{
"answer": "11th",
"question": "What is Oakland Counties rank in affluence in 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "Detroit",
"question": "What city dominates Wayne County?"
},
{
"answer": "$62,000",
"question": "What is Oakland Counties average income?"
},
{
"answer": "$38,000",
"ques... |
12,922 | The city's population increased more than sixfold during the first half of the 20th century, fed largely by an influx of European, Middle Eastern (Lebanese, Assyrian/Chaldean), and Southern migrants to work in the burgeoning automobile industry. In 1940, Whites were 90.4% of the city's population. Since 1950 the city h... | [
{
"answer": "90.4",
"question": "What percentage of Detroit's residents where white in 1940?"
},
{
"answer": "suburbs",
"question": "Where did the population of Detroit shift to in the second half of the 20th century?"
},
{
"answer": "120,000",
"question": "How many blacks lived in D... |
12,923 | Detroit remains one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States. From the 1940s to the 1970s a second wave of Blacks moved to Detroit to escape Jim Crow laws in the south and find jobs. However, they soon found themselves excluded from white areas of the city—through violence, laws, and economic discrim... | [
{
"answer": "Jim Crow",
"question": "Why did Blacks move to Detroit in the middle if the 20th century?"
},
{
"answer": "redlining",
"question": "What is an example of economic discrimination?"
},
{
"answer": "white migration to the suburbs",
"question": "What exacerbated segregation ... |
12,925 | Detroit has a Mexican-American population. In the early 20th century thousands of Mexicans came to Detroit to work in agricultural, automotive, and steel jobs. During the Mexican Repatriation of the 1930s many Mexicans in Detroit were willingly repatriated or forced to repatriate. By the 1940s the Mexican community beg... | [
{
"answer": "1940s",
"question": "When did Mexicantown start to grow?"
},
{
"answer": "48,679",
"question": "What was Detroit's 2010 Hispanic population?"
},
{
"answer": "36,452",
"question": "What was Detroit's 2010 Mexican population?"
},
{
"answer": "Mexican Repatriation o... |
12,926 | As of 2002 there are four areas in Detroit with significant Asian and Asian American populations. Northeast Detroit has population of Hmong with a smaller group of Lao people. A portion of Detroit next to eastern Hamtramck includes Bangladeshi Americans, Indian Americans, and Pakistani Americans; nearly all of the Bang... | [
{
"answer": "A portion of Detroit next to eastern Hamtramck",
"question": "Where does most of the Bangladeshi population in Detroit live?"
},
{
"answer": "transient",
"question": "What is a word that could describe a lot of the Asian people who work or live in downtown Detroit?"
}
] |
12,927 | Thousands more employees work in Midtown, north of the central business district. Midtown's anchors are the city's largest single employer Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, and the Henry Ford Health System in New Center. Midtown is also home to watchmaker Shinola and an array of small and/or startup compa... | [
{
"answer": "Shinola",
"question": "Which company makes timepieces in Midtown?"
},
{
"answer": "Detroit Medical Center",
"question": "What is the largest employer in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "central business district",
"question": "What district is Midtown north of?"
},
{
"a... |
12,928 | A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed] Compuware completed its world headquarters in downtown in 2003. OnStar, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and HP Enterprise... | [
{
"answer": "Compuware",
"question": "What Tech company is based in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Blue Cross Blue Shield",
"question": "What insurance company is located in downtown Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Quicken Loans",
"question": "Which company moved it's world headquarters to Detr... |
12,929 | The city of Detroit and other private-public partnerships have attempted to catalyze the region's growth by facilitating the building and historical rehabilitation of residential high-rises in the downtown, creating a zone that offers many business tax incentives, creating recreational spaces such as the Detroit RiverW... | [
{
"answer": "downtown",
"question": "Which part of Detroit has gotten billions in investment around the turn of the millennium?"
},
{
"answer": "Midtown",
"question": "What part of Detroit is Green Alleys located in?"
},
{
"answer": "historically significant",
"question": "What type ... |
12,930 | Despite the city's recent financial issues, many developers remain unfazed by Detroit's problems. Midtown is one of the most successful areas within Detroit to have a residential occupancy rate of 96%. Numerous developments have been recently completely or are in various stages of construction. These include the $82 mi... | [
{
"answer": "Midtown",
"question": "What part of Detroit still has high population density??"
},
{
"answer": "David Whitney Building",
"question": "Which building's reconstruction cost $82 million?"
},
{
"answer": "David Broderick Tower",
"question": "Which Downtown tower was convert... |
12,931 | On May 21, 2014, JPMorgan Chase announced that it was injecting $100 million over five years into Detroit's economy, providing development funding for a variety of projects that would increase employment. It is the largest commitment made to any one city by the nation's biggest bank.[citation needed] Of the $100 millio... | [
{
"answer": "JPMorgan Chase",
"question": "Which bank announced an investment into Detroit in 2014?"
},
{
"answer": "$25 million",
"question": "How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to blight removal?"
},
{
"answer": "$12.5 million",
"question": "How much of JPMorgan's investment... |
12,932 | A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit. Detroit's proximity to Windsor, Ontario, provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19. A 2011 study by Walk Score recogn... | [
{
"answer": "Windsor, Ontario",
"question": "Which city has a lower than usual drinking age?"
},
{
"answer": "two-thirds",
"question": "How many suburban residents take in Detroit's entertainment options?"
},
{
"answer": "Walk Score",
"question": "Who conducted a study about Detroit'... |
12,933 | Known as the world's automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for that industry. Detroit's auto industry, some of which was converted to wartime defense production, was an important element of the American "Arsenal of Democracy" supporting the Allied powers during World War II. It is an important source of popular mus... | [
{
"answer": "Arsenal of Democracy",
"question": "What \"Arsenal\" was Detroit a part of ?"
},
{
"answer": "Motown",
"question": "What nickname for Detroit recognizes it's musical history?"
},
{
"answer": "313",
"question": "What is Detroit's area code?"
},
{
"answer": "Red Wi... |
12,934 | In the 1940s, Detroit blues artist John Lee Hooker became a long-term resident in the city's southwest Delray neighborhood. Hooker, among other important blues musicians migrated from his home in Mississippi bringing the Delta blues to northern cities like Detroit. Hooker recorded for Fortune Records, the biggest pre-M... | [
{
"answer": "John Lee Hooker",
"question": "Which artist resided in Delray?"
},
{
"answer": "Donald Byrd",
"question": "Which musician attended Cass Tech?"
},
{
"answer": "Pepper Adams",
"question": "Which musician accompanied Donald Byrd on several albums?"
},
{
"answer": "G... |
12,935 | Other, prominent Motor City R&B stars in the 1950s and early 1960s was Nolan Strong, Andre Williams and Nathaniel Mayer – who all scored local and national hits on the Fortune Records label. According to Smokey Robinson, Strong was a primary influence on his voice as a teenager. The Fortune label was a family-operated ... | [
{
"answer": "Nolan Strong",
"question": "Who was a big influence on Smokey Robinson?"
},
{
"answer": "Fortune",
"question": "What label operated in Third Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "Devora Brown",
"question": "Who was Jack Brown's wife?"
},
{
"answer": "Motown",
"question": ... |
12,936 | Berry Gordy, Jr. founded Motown Records which rose to prominence during the 1960s and early 1970s with acts such as Stevie Wonder, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Smokey Robinson & The Miracles, Diana Ross & The Supremes, the Jackson 5, Martha and the Vandellas, The Spinners, Gladys Knight & the Pips, The Marvelettes, ... | [
{
"answer": "Berry Gordy, Jr.",
"question": "Who founded Motown records?"
},
{
"answer": "Paul Justman",
"question": "Who did a documentary on Motown?"
},
{
"answer": "Allan Slutsky",
"question": "Who wrote a book about Motown?"
}
] |
12,937 | Local artists and bands rose to prominence in the 1960s and 70s including: the MC5, The Stooges, Bob Seger, Amboy Dukes featuring Ted Nugent, Mitch Ryder and The Detroit Wheels, Rare Earth, Alice Cooper, and Suzi Quatro. The group Kiss emphasized the city's connection with rock in the song Detroit Rock City and the mov... | [
{
"answer": "hardcore punk rock underground",
"question": "What music genre was big in Detroit in the 1980s?"
},
{
"answer": "1999",
"question": "What year did the movie about Kiss come out?"
},
{
"answer": "1960s and 70s",
"question": "In which decades did bands like MC5 and Rare Ea... |
12,938 | In the 1990s and the new millennium, the city has produced a number of influential hip hop artists, including Eminem, the hip-hop artist with the highest cumulative sales, hip-hop producer J Dilla, rapper and producer Esham and hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse. The city is also home to rappers Big Sean and Danny Brown. T... | [
{
"answer": "Eminem",
"question": "Which Detroit artist has the highest hip-hop sales?"
},
{
"answer": "Sponge",
"question": "Which band toured with Kid Rock?"
},
{
"answer": "garage rock",
"question": "What genre does The White Stripes fit into?"
},
{
"answer": "producer",
... |
12,939 | Detroit is cited as the birthplace of techno music in the early 1980s. The city also lends its name to an early and pioneering genre of electronic dance music, "Detroit techno". Featuring science fiction imagery and robotic themes, its futuristic style was greatly influenced by the geography of Detroit's urban decline ... | [
{
"answer": "Detroit",
"question": "Techno started in which city?"
},
{
"answer": "Detroit techno",
"question": "What genre of music featured robotic themes?"
},
{
"answer": "Movement",
"question": "What is the Detroit Electronic Music Festival known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Memo... |
12,940 | Major theaters in Detroit include the Fox Theatre (5,174 seats), Music Hall (1,770 seats), the Gem Theatre (451 seats), Masonic Temple Theatre (4,404 seats), the Detroit Opera House (2,765 seats), the Fisher Theatre (2,089 seats), The Fillmore Detroit (2,200 seats), Saint Andrew's Hall, the Majestic Theater, and Orches... | [
{
"answer": "Orchestra Hall",
"question": "What building does the Detroit Symphony Orchestra play in?"
},
{
"answer": "Nederlander",
"question": "What family purchased the Detroit opera House?"
},
{
"answer": "2,089",
"question": "How many seats does the Fisher Theater have?"
},
... |
12,941 | Many of the area's prominent museums are located in the historic cultural center neighborhood around Wayne State University and the College for Creative Studies. These museums include the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Detroit Historical Museum, Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, the Detroit Science ... | [
{
"answer": "Detroit Institute of Arts",
"question": "What is the name of the art museum in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History",
"question": "What is the name of the Detroit museum of African American history?"
},
{
"answer": "Ford Piquette Ave... |
12,942 | In 2010, the G.R. N'Namdi Gallery opened in a 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m2) complex in Midtown. Important history of America and the Detroit area are exhibited at The Henry Ford in Dearborn, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor museum complex. The Detroit Historical Society provides information about tours of area... | [
{
"answer": "The Henry Ford",
"question": "What is the U.S.'s largest museum complex?"
},
{
"answer": "Royal Oak",
"question": "Where is the Detroit Zoo?"
},
{
"answer": "Cranbrook Art Museum",
"question": "What museum is in Bloomfield Hills?"
},
{
"answer": "Anna Scripps Whi... |
12,943 | The city's Greektown and three downtown casino resort hotels serve as part of an entertainment hub. The Eastern Market farmer's distribution center is the largest open-air flowerbed market in the United States and has more than 150 foods and specialty businesses. On Saturdays, about 45,000 people shop the city's histor... | [
{
"answer": "Eastern Market",
"question": "Which market has the largest open air flowerbed in the US?"
},
{
"answer": "50,000",
"question": "How big is Midtown's population?"
},
{
"answer": "Detroit Festival of the Arts",
"question": "Which festival attracts over a quarter million vi... |
12,944 | Annual summer events include the Electronic Music Festival, International Jazz Festival, the Woodward Dream Cruise, the African World Festival, the country music Hoedown, Noel Night, and Dally in the Alley. Within downtown, Campus Martius Park hosts large events, including the annual Motown Winter Blast. As the world's... | [
{
"answer": "Campus Martius Park",
"question": "Which parks hosts the Winter Bash?"
},
{
"answer": "America's Thanksgiving Parade",
"question": "Which parade started in 1924?"
},
{
"answer": "River Days",
"question": "Which festival spans five days?"
},
{
"answer": "Windsor–D... |
12,945 | An important civic sculpture in Detroit is "The Spirit of Detroit" by Marshall Fredericks at the Coleman Young Municipal Center. The image is often used as a symbol of Detroit and the statue itself is occasionally dressed in sports jerseys to celebrate when a Detroit team is doing well. A memorial to Joe Louis at the i... | [
{
"answer": "Marshall Fredericks",
"question": "Who sculpted the Spirit of Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "October 16, 1986",
"question": "When was the Joe Louis memorial dedicated?"
},
{
"answer": "Sports Illustrated",
"question": "Who commissioned the Joe Luis memorial?"
},
{
"an... |
12,946 | Detroit is one of 12 American metropolitan areas that are home to professional teams representing the four major sports in North America. All these teams but one play within the city of Detroit itself (the NBA's Detroit Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills at The Palace of Auburn Hills). There are three active major s... | [
{
"answer": "12",
"question": "How many metropolitan areas boast teams from all major US sports?"
},
{
"answer": "The Palace of Auburn Hills",
"question": "What is the name of Detroit Piston's arena?"
},
{
"answer": "Comerica Park",
"question": "Where do the Tigers play?"
},
{
... |
12,947 | In college sports, Detroit's central location within the Mid-American Conference has made it a frequent site for the league's championship events. While the MAC Basketball Tournament moved permanently to Cleveland starting in 2000, the MAC Football Championship Game has been played at Ford Field in Detroit since 2004, ... | [
{
"answer": "Little Caesars Pizza Bowl",
"question": "Which bowl game is held in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Ford Field",
"question": "Where is the MAC Football Championship game played?"
},
{
"answer": "Mid-American Conference",
"question": "Which conference has held many of it's cham... |
12,948 | In the years following the mid-1930s, Detroit was referred to as the "City of Champions" after the Tigers, Lions, and Red Wings captured all three major professional sports championships in a seven-month period of time (the Tigers won the World Series in October 1935; the Lions won the NFL championship in December 1935... | [
{
"answer": "City of Champions",
"question": "What is Detroit's sports related nickname?"
},
{
"answer": "The Midnight Express",
"question": "What is Eddie Tolan's nickname?"
},
{
"answer": "Joe Louis",
"question": "Who won the boxing title in 1937?"
},
{
"answer": "Red Wings... |
12,949 | The city is governed pursuant to the Home Rule Charter of the City of Detroit. The city government is run by a mayor and a nine-member city council and clerk elected on an at-large nonpartisan ballot. Since voters approved the city's charter in 1974, Detroit has had a "strong mayoral" system, with the mayor approving d... | [
{
"answer": "nine",
"question": "How many people are on the city council?"
},
{
"answer": "1974",
"question": "When was Detroit's charter approved?"
},
{
"answer": "The council",
"question": "Who approves Detroit's budgets?"
},
{
"answer": "Home Rule Charter",
"question":... |
12,950 | Detroit's courts are state-administered and elections are nonpartisan. The Probate Court for Wayne County is located in the Coleman A. Young Municipal Center in downtown Detroit. The Circuit Court is located across Gratiot Ave. in the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice, in downtown Detroit. The city is home to the Thirty-Six... | [
{
"answer": "Frank Murphy Hall of Justice",
"question": "Where is the Circuit Court located?"
},
{
"answer": "Coleman A. Young Municipal Center",
"question": "Where is Wayne County's Probate Court located?"
},
{
"answer": "Thirty-Sixth",
"question": "Which District Court is Detroit h... |
12,951 | Detroit has struggled with high crime for decades. Detroit held the title of murder capital between 1985-1987 with a murder rate around 58 per 100,000. Crime has since decreased and, in 2014, the murder rate was 43.4 per 100,000, lower than in St. Louis, Missouri. Although the murder rate increased by 6% during the fir... | [
{
"answer": "43.4 per 100,000",
"question": "What was Detroit's murder rate in 2014?"
},
{
"answer": "58 per 100,000",
"question": "What was Detroit's murder rate in the mid to late 80s?"
},
{
"answer": "St. Louis",
"question": "What city had a higher murder rate than Detroit in 2014... |
12,952 | Nearly two-thirds of all murders in Michigan in 2011 occurred in Detroit. Although the rate of violent crime dropped 11 percent in 2008, violent crime in Detroit has not declined as much as the national average from 2007 to 2011. The violent crime rate is one of the highest in the United States. Neighborhoodscout.com r... | [
{
"answer": "two-thirds",
"question": "What fraction of Michigan's homicides occurred in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "62.18 per 1,000",
"question": "What is Detroit's rate of property crime?"
},
{
"answer": "5 per 1,000",
"question": "What was the national rate of violent crimes in 2008... |
12,953 | Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office... | [
{
"answer": "1802",
"question": "When was Detroit incorporated?"
},
{
"answer": "74",
"question": "How many mayors has Detroit had?"
},
{
"answer": "Louis Miriani",
"question": "Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor?"
},
{
"answer": "Coleman Young",
"question": "Who was... |
12,955 | Detroit is home to several institutions of higher learning including Wayne State University, a national research university with medical and law schools in the Midtown area offering hundreds of academic degrees and programs. The University of Detroit Mercy, located in Northwest Detroit in the University District, is a ... | [
{
"answer": "Wayne State University",
"question": "What research university is located in Midtown?"
},
{
"answer": "University of Detroit Mercy",
"question": "What Catholic university is in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Downtown",
"question": "In which district is Detroit Mercy's Law Sch... |
12,956 | Sacred Heart Major Seminary, originally founded in 1919, is affiliated with Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in Rome and offers pontifical degrees as well as civil undergraduate and graduate degrees. Sacred Heart Major Seminary offers a variety of academic programs for both clerical and lay stud... | [
{
"answer": "Sacred Heart Major Seminary",
"question": "What Seminary is located in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "1919",
"question": "When was Sacred Heart Major Seminary founded?"
},
{
"answer": "Michigan State",
"question": "What University opened a satellite campus in the Detroit Medi... |
12,957 | Detroit is served by various private schools, as well as parochial Roman Catholic schools operated by the Archdiocese of Detroit. As of 2013[update] there are four Catholic grade schools and three Catholic high schools in the City of Detroit, with all of them in the city's west side. The Archdiocese of Detroit lists a ... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many Catholic high schools are in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many Catholic grade schools are in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "Society of Jesus",
"question": "Two of the three Catholic high schools are operated by which religiou... |
12,958 | The Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News are the major daily newspapers, both broadsheet publications published together under a joint operating agreement called the Detroit Newspaper Partnership. Media philanthropy includes the Detroit Free Press high school journalism program and the Old Newsboys' Goodfellow Fund ... | [
{
"answer": "Detroit Newspaper Partnership",
"question": "Under which agreement are Detroit's major newspapers published?"
},
{
"answer": "1980",
"question": "When was The Metro Times founded?"
},
{
"answer": "2009",
"question": "In what year did Detroit's two major newspapers reduce... |
12,959 | Also founded in 1935 and based in Detroit the Michigan Chronicle is one of the oldest and most respected African-American weekly newspapers in America. Covering politics, entertainment, sports and community events. The Detroit television market is the 11th largest in the United States; according to estimates that do no... | [
{
"answer": "Michigan Chronicle",
"question": "What newspaper was founded in 1935?"
},
{
"answer": "11th largest",
"question": "How is Detroit's TV market ranked?"
},
{
"answer": "weekly",
"question": "How often does the Michigan Chronicle publish?"
},
{
"answer": "Ontario",
... |
12,960 | Within the city of Detroit, there are over a dozen major hospitals which include the Detroit Medical Center (DMC), Henry Ford Health System, St. John Health System, and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center. The DMC, a regional Level I trauma center, consists of Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, ... | [
{
"answer": "over a dozen",
"question": "How many major hospitals are in Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "John D. Dingell",
"question": "What is the Detroit VA hospital called?"
},
{
"answer": "3,000",
"question": "How many affiliated physicians does the DMC have?"
},
{
"answer": "2... |
12,961 | Detroit Medical Center formally became a part of Vanguard Health Systems on December 30, 2010, as a for profit corporation. Vanguard has agreed to invest nearly $1.5 B in the Detroit Medical Center complex which will include $417 M to retire debts, at least $350 M in capital expenditures and an additional $500 M for ne... | [
{
"answer": "Vanguard Health Systems",
"question": "Detroit Medical Center has become a part of what Health System?"
},
{
"answer": "$1.5 B",
"question": "How much does Vanguard plan to invest in DMC?"
},
{
"answer": "St. Joseph's",
"question": "What is a name of a Catholic hospital ... |
12,962 | On February 18, 2015, Canadian Transport Minister Lisa Raitt announced that Canada has agreed to pay the entire cost to build a $250 million U.S. Customs plaza adjacent to the planned new Detroit–Windsor bridge, now the Gordie Howe International Bridge. Canada had already planned to pay for 95 per cent of the bridge, w... | [
{
"answer": "Lisa Raitt",
"question": "Who is the Transport Minister in Canada?"
},
{
"answer": "$250 million",
"question": "How much is the U.S. Customs plaza expected to cost?"
},
{
"answer": "$2.1 billion",
"question": "How much is the Gordie Howe International Bridge expected to ... |
12,963 | Metro Detroit has an extensive toll-free network of freeways administered by the Michigan Department of Transportation. Four major Interstate Highways surround the city. Detroit is connected via Interstate 75 (I-75) and I-96 to Kings Highway 401 and to major Southern Ontario cities such as London, Ontario and the Great... | [
{
"answer": "I-75",
"question": "Which Interstate is the major north-south route?"
},
{
"answer": "Lake Erie",
"question": "Which of the Great Lakes does I-75 pass next to?"
},
{
"answer": "Four",
"question": "How many major interstates are serve Detroit?"
}
] |
12,964 | I-94 (Edsel Ford Freeway) runs east–west through Detroit and serves Ann Arbor to the west (where it continues to Chicago) and Port Huron to the northeast. The stretch of the current I-94 freeway from Ypsilanti to Detroit was one of America's earlier limited-access highways. Henry Ford built it to link the factories at ... | [
{
"answer": "Edsel Ford Freeway",
"question": "What is I-94 called?"
},
{
"answer": "Henry Ford",
"question": "Who built I-94?"
},
{
"answer": "limited-access",
"question": "A part of I-94 was an example of what type of highway?"
},
{
"answer": "World War II",
"question":... |
12,965 | I-275 runs north–south from I-75 in the south to the junction of I-96 and I-696 in the north, providing a bypass through the western suburbs of Detroit. I-375 is a short spur route in downtown Detroit, an extension of the Chrysler Freeway. I-696 (Reuther Freeway) runs east–west from the junction of I-96 and I-275, prov... | [
{
"answer": "I-375",
"question": "Which highway is an extension of the Chrysler Freeway?"
},
{
"answer": "Reuther Freeway",
"question": "What is I-696 called?"
},
{
"answer": "I-696",
"question": "Which highway runs through the northern suburbs of Detroit?"
},
{
"answer": "M"... |
12,966 | Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of va... | [
{
"answer": "the way of life",
"question": " How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define \"Culture\" in short?"
},
{
"answer": "Terror Management Theory",
"question": "What is the name of this theory that culture is a series of activities and world views?"
},
{
"answer": "larger bra... |
12,969 | When used as a count noun "a culture", is the set of customs, traditions and values of a society or community, such as an ethnic group or nation. In this sense, multiculturalism is a concept that values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same territory. Sometimes "cult... | [
{
"answer": "a culture",
"question": "What does the term \"Count Noun\" mean?"
},
{
"answer": "customs, traditions and values of a society or community",
"question": "What cultural traits fall under the term count noun?"
},
{
"answer": "the ideology and analytical stance of cultural rela... |
12,970 | The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi", using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for hu... | [
{
"answer": "term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero",
"question": "What is the modern term \"culture\" based on?"
},
{
"answer": "Samuel Pufendorf",
"question": "Who took over the metaphor used by Cicero?"
},
{
"answer": "no longer assuming that philosophy was man's natural perfect... |
12,971 | Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action. These social shifts may accompany ideological shifts and other types of cultural change. For example, the U.S. feminist move... | [
{
"answer": "social dynamics and promoting new cultural models",
"question": "What changes do Social conflicts along with developing of technologies have on culture? "
},
{
"answer": "U.S. feminist movement",
"question": "What is this cultural movement called that involves a shift in gender rela... |
12,972 | Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produce—or inhibit—social shifts and changes in cultural practices. War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. Additionally, cultural ideas may transfer from one society to another, through dif... | [
{
"answer": "War or competition over resources",
"question": "What may impact social dynamics and technical development?"
},
{
"answer": "fast food",
"question": "In the example given, what seemed exotic when introduced into China but is common in the United States?"
},
{
"answer": "the ... |
12,973 | Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) has formulated an individualist definition of "enlightenment" similar to the concept of bildung: "Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity." He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently. Again... | [
{
"answer": "Immanuel Kant",
"question": "Who said the following statement? \"Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity\"."
},
{
"answer": "Dare to be wise",
"question": "What does the term Sapere aude mean?"
},
{
"answer": "Johann Gottfried Herder",
"questio... |
12,974 | In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movements—such as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out o... | [
{
"answer": "Wilhelm von Humboldt",
"question": "Which Prussian linguist called for an anthropology?"
},
{
"answer": "Romantic era",
"question": "During which ere did scholars of Germany developed a more inclusive culture?"
},
{
"answer": "Weltanschauung",
"question": "What was the G... |
12,975 | In 1860, Adolf Bastian (1826–1905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind". He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements. According to Bastian, all human societies share a set of "elementary ideas" (Elementargedanken); diffe... | [
{
"answer": "elementary ideas",
"question": "According to Bastian, what did he believe all human societies shared?"
},
{
"answer": "Adolf Bastian",
"question": "What was the name of the person argued for \"The psychic unity of mankind\"?"
},
{
"answer": "Franz Boas",
"question": "Who... |
12,976 | In practice, culture referred to an élite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. As these forms were associated with urban life, "culture" was identified with "civilization" (from lat. civitas, city). Another facet of the Romantic movement was an interest in folklore, ... | [
{
"answer": "élite ideal",
"question": "What did culture refer to in practice?"
},
{
"answer": "art, classical music, and haute cuisine",
"question": "What was associated with culture during this German practice?"
},
{
"answer": "urban life",
"question": "Art and music were some of t... |
12,977 | Matthew Arnold contrasted "culture" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted "culture" with "the state of nature". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a sta... | [
{
"answer": "anarchy",
"question": "How did Matthew Arnold view \"Culture\" with?"
},
{
"answer": "Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau",
"question": "Which two philosophers contrasted \"culture\" with the state of nature?"
},
{
"answer": "Native Americans",
"question": "Which rac... |
12,978 | Other 19th-century critics, following Rousseau have accepted this differentiation between higher and lower culture, but have seen the refinement and sophistication of high culture as corrupting and unnatural developments that obscure and distort people's essential nature. These critics considered folk music (as produce... | [
{
"answer": "folk music",
"question": "What type of music did critics associate with corrupt high culture?"
},
{
"answer": "classical music",
"question": "Which type of music seemed superficial and decadent?"
},
{
"answer": "noble savages",
"question": "What was another name used for... |
12,979 | Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture, in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolica... | [
{
"answer": "Tylor's",
"question": "Who's definition of culture did anthropologist accept?"
},
{
"answer": "biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology.",
"question": "What four fields make up American anthropology which play a vital role on its rese... |
12,980 | The sociology of culture concerns culture—usually understood as the ensemble of symbolic codes used by a society—as manifested in society. For Georg Simmel (1858–1918), culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history". Culture... | [
{
"answer": "Georg Simmel",
"question": "Who referred to culture as a cultivation of individuals?"
},
{
"answer": "ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects",
"question": "What makes up the sociological parts of culture according to Simmel?"
},
{
"answer": "non physi... |
12,982 | The sociology of culture grew from the intersection between sociology (as shaped by early theorists like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber) with the growing discipline of anthropology, where in researchers pioneered ethnographic strategies for describing and analyzing a variety of cultures around the world. Part of the legacy ... | [
{
"answer": "Marx, Durkheim, and Weber",
"question": "Which three early theorist helped shape sociology of culture?"
},
{
"answer": "popular culture, political control, and social class",
"question": "What were the early concerns for the field of Sociology culture?"
},
{
"answer": "quali... |
12,983 | In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism, such as Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988), developed cultural studies. Following nineteenth-century Romantics, they identified "culture" with consumption goods and leisure activities (such as art, music, film, food, spo... | [
{
"answer": "Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988)",
"question": "Which scientist was influenced by Marxism in the United Kingdom?"
},
{
"answer": "consumption goods and leisure activities",
"question": "What did Marxist like Stuart Hall and Raymond Williams they identify cul... |
12,984 | In the United States, "Cultural Studies" focuses largely on the study of popular culture, that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. It has since become strongly ass... | [
{
"answer": "popular culture",
"question": "In the U.S what does \"Cultural Studies\" focus largely on in this field?"
},
{
"answer": "Richard Hoggart",
"question": "Who first coined the term \"Cultural Studies\" in the United States?"
},
{
"answer": "Birmingham Centre for Contemporary C... |
12,986 | In the context of cultural studies, the idea of a text includes not only written language, but also films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles: the texts of cultural studies comprise all the meaningful artifacts of culture.[citation needed] Similarly, the discipline widens the concept of "culture". "Culture" for a cultu... | [
{
"answer": "films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles",
"question": "The idea of text in cultural studies can include what forms other than written language?"
},
{
"answer": "high culture (the culture of ruling social groups) and popular culture",
"question": "Which two practices have become th... |
12,987 | Scholars in the United Kingdom and the United States developed somewhat different versions of cultural studies after the late 1970s. The British version of cultural studies had originated in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly under the influence first of Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of... | [
{
"answer": "late 1970s",
"question": "Around when did the United States and United Kingdom began to develop different versions of cultural studies?"
},
{
"answer": "1950s and 1960s",
"question": "When did the British version of cultural studies emerge?"
},
{
"answer": "Richard Hoggart, ... |
12,989 | Raimon Panikkar pointed out 29 ways in which cultural change can be brought about. Some of these are: growth, development, evolution, involution, renovation, reconception, reform, innovation, revivalism, revolution, mutation, progress, diffusion, osmosis, borrowing, eclecticism, syncretism, modernization, indigenizatio... | [
{
"answer": "29 ways",
"question": "How many ways did Raimon Panikkar believed cultural change can be based on?"
},
{
"answer": "enlightenment",
"question": "What is the term used to describe what Modernization could be similar or related to?"
},
{
"answer": "secular society",
"quest... |
12,991 | The central part of the Sahara is hyperarid, with little to no vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid part, there are many subdivision... | [
{
"answer": "hyperarid",
"question": "What is the central part of the Sahara Desert?"
},
{
"answer": "The northern and southern reaches of the desert",
"question": "What does the Sahara have little to none of?"
},
{
"answer": "grassland and desert shrub",
"question": "The northern an... |
12,992 | To the north, the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya, but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb, the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and scrub ecoregions of northern Africa, all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters. Accor... | [
{
"answer": "Mediterranean Sea",
"question": "What sea is North of the Sahara Desert?"
}
] |
12,993 | To the south, the Sahara is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of dry tropical savanna with a summer rainy season that extends across Africa from east to west. The southern limit of the Sahara is indicated botanically by the southern limit of Cornulaca monacantha (a drought-tolerant member of the Chenopodiaceae), or northern... | [
{
"answer": "Sahel",
"question": "What is to the south of the Sahara?"
},
{
"answer": "dry tropical",
"question": "What kind of climate does the Sahel have?"
},
{
"answer": "150 mm",
"question": "What is the long term precipitation average of the Sahara?"
}
] |
12,994 | The Sahara is the world's largest low-latitude hot desert. The area is located in the horse latitudes under the subtropical ridge, a significant belt of semi-permanent subtropical warm-core high pressure where the air from upper levels of the troposphere tends to sink towards the ground. This steady descending airflow ... | [
{
"answer": "Sahara",
"question": "What is the world's largest low latitude hot desert?"
},
{
"answer": "horse latitudes",
"question": "What ares is the Sahara located in?"
},
{
"answer": "sinking air",
"question": "What makes it difficult for clouds to form?"
}
] |
12,995 | The permanent dissolution of clouds allows unhindered light and thermal radiation. The stability of the atmosphere above the desert prevents any convective overturning, thus making rainfall virtually non-existent. As a consequence, the weather tends to be sunny, dry and stable with a minimal risk of rainfall. Subsiding... | [
{
"answer": "dissolution of clouds",
"question": "What allows unhindered light and thermal radiation?"
},
{
"answer": "rainfall",
"question": "What weather is virtually non-existent?"
},
{
"answer": "eastern part of the Great Desert",
"question": "Where is the air the strongest?"
}... |
12,996 | The rainfall inhibition and the dissipation of cloud cover are most accentuated over the eastern section of the Sahara rather than the western. The prevailing air mass lying above the Sahara is the continental tropical (cT) air mass which is hot and dry. Hot, dry air masses primarily form over the North-African desert ... | [
{
"answer": "eastern",
"question": "What section of the Sahara's cloud cover are the most accentuated?"
},
{
"answer": "hot and dry",
"question": "What is the air mass lying above the Sahara?"
},
{
"answer": "North-African desert",
"question": "What part of the country does the air... |
12,997 | The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. ... | [
{
"answer": "air ascent",
"question": "What is blocked due to local surface low pressure?"
},
{
"answer": "Atlas Mountains",
"question": "What mountain helps enhance the aridity of the desert?"
},
{
"answer": "Algeria",
"question": "Where are the Atlas Mountains located?"
}
] |
12,998 | The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the equatorial low a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and the southern Sahara. The Sahara doesn't lack precipitation because of a lack of moisture, but due to the lack of a precipitat... | [
{
"answer": "low-pressure systems",
"question": "What is the primary source of rain in the Sahara?"
},
{
"answer": "lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism",
"question": "What is the reason the Sahara lacks moisture?"
},
{
"answer": "barriers that normally prevent the production of ... |
13,001 | The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south. Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average 100 to 200 mm (3.9 to 7.9 in) but vary grea... | [
{
"answer": "east and west",
"question": "Which directions does the South Saharan run?"
},
{
"answer": "July and August",
"question": "What months do the summer rains happen?"
},
{
"answer": "100 to 200 mm",
"question": "What is the average rainfall between the months of July and A... |
13,002 | The central Sahara is estimated to include five hundred species of plants, which is extremely low considering the huge extent of the area. Plants such as acacia trees, palms, succulents, spiny shrubs, and grasses have adapted to the arid conditions, by growing lower to avoid water loss by strong winds, by storing water... | [
{
"answer": "five hundred species",
"question": "What is the number of plants in the Central Sahara?"
},
{
"answer": "growing lower",
"question": "What do plants do in order to avoid water loss?"
},
{
"answer": "thick stems",
"question": "Where do plants store their water to avoid th... |
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