id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
13,003 | The Saharan cheetah (northwest African cheetah) lives in Algeria, Togo, Niger, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. There remain fewer than 250 mature cheetahs, which are very cautious, fleeing any human presence. The cheetah avoids the sun from April to October, seeking the shelter of shrubs such as balanites and acacias. T... | [
{
"answer": "250",
"question": "How many cheetahs remain in the Northwest Africa area?"
},
{
"answer": "April to October",
"question": "What months do the cheetah's avoid the sun?"
},
{
"answer": "2,000",
"question": "How many many cheetah's are left in the wild?"
}
] |
13,004 | human activities are more likely to affect the habitat in areas of permanent water (oases) or where water comes close to the surface. Here, the local pressure on natural resources can be intense. The remaining populations of large mammals have been greatly reduced by hunting for food and recreation. In recent years dev... | [
{
"answer": "human activities",
"question": "What activities from these mammals will likely affect habitat areas?"
},
{
"answer": "irrigated water pumped",
"question": "What underground items have lead to soil degradation?"
},
{
"answer": "natural resources",
"question": "What kind... |
13,005 | People lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the last ice age. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including Afrovenator, J... | [
{
"answer": "ice age",
"question": "When did people start living on the edge of the desert?"
},
{
"answer": "Over 30,000 petroglyphs",
"question": "How many river animals were thought to be found during the ice age era?"
},
{
"answer": "the Nile Valley",
"question": "What area of t... |
13,006 | During the Neolithic Era, before the onset of desertification, around 9500 BCE the central Sudan had been a rich environment supporting a large population ranging across what is now barren desert, like the Wadi el-Qa'ab. By the 5th millennium BCE, the people who inhabited what is now called Nubia, were full participant... | [
{
"answer": "Neolithic Era",
"question": "During what era was the central Sudan rich in environment?"
},
{
"answer": "cattle and herdsmen",
"question": "What kind of rock art was found in the Sudan?"
},
{
"answer": "Megaliths",
"question": "What are examples of the first known archae... |
13,007 | By 6000 BCE predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent settlements in predynastic Egypt by the middle of the 6th millennium BCE centered predominantly on cereal and animal agriculture: cattle, goats, pigs and she... | [
{
"answer": "cattle",
"question": "What were Egyptians herding in the early BCE period?"
},
{
"answer": "6000 BCE",
"question": "By what time period were the Egyptians constructing large buildings?"
},
{
"answer": "Metal objects",
"question": "What items replaced previously items ma... |
13,008 | By 3400 BCE, the Sahara was as dry as it is today, due to reduced precipitation and higher temperatures resulting from a shift in the Earth's orbit. As a result of this aridification, it became a largely impenetrable barrier to humans, with the remaining settlements mainly being concentrated around the numerous oases t... | [
{
"answer": "3400 BCE",
"question": "By What time period was the Sahara dry like it is today?"
},
{
"answer": "reduced precipitation and higher temperatures",
"question": "What was the main reason that the Sahara became so dry?"
},
{
"answer": "the Nile Valley",
"question": "What a... |
13,009 | By 500 BCE, Greeks arrived in the desert. Greek traders spread along the eastern coast of the desert, establishing trading colonies along the Red Sea. The Carthaginians explored the Atlantic coast of the desert, but the turbulence of the waters and the lack of markets caused a lack of presence further south than modern... | [
{
"answer": "Red Sea",
"question": "Where did the Greeks established their trading colonies?"
},
{
"answer": "the Atlantic coast",
"question": "Which coast did the Carthaginians explore for trade?"
},
{
"answer": "nomadic Berber",
"question": "Who would raid the desert leaving the pe... |
13,010 | An urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. The Garamantes achieved this development by digging tunnels far into the mountains flanking the valley to tap fossil water and bring it to their fields. The Garamante... | [
{
"answer": "500 BCE",
"question": "What time period did the Garamantes arrive in?"
},
{
"answer": "digging tunnels",
"question": "What did the Garamantes do in order to bring water to their crops?"
},
{
"answer": "eight major towns",
"question": "How many towns are believed to be ... |
13,011 | The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in... | [
{
"answer": "Byzantine Empire",
"question": "What group of people ruled the northern shoes of the Sahara?"
},
{
"answer": "mid-7th to early 8th centuries",
"question": "What time period did the Muslim conquest of North Africa take place?"
},
{
"answer": "6,000 to 7,000 slaves",
"... |
13,012 | In the 16th century the northern fringe of the Sahara, such as coastal regencies in present-day Algeria and Tunisia, as well as some parts of present-day Libya, together with the semi-autonomous kingdom of Egypt, were occupied by the Ottoman Empire. From 1517 Egypt was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire, ownership of ... | [
{
"answer": "Egypt",
"question": "During the 1500 who was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "freedom of movement for citizens and goods",
"question": "What did the Ottoman Empire provide to its people?"
},
{
"answer": "Arabic",
"question": "What was the local lan... |
13,013 | European colonialism in the Sahara began in the 19th century. France conquered the regency of Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830, and French rule spread south from Algeria and eastwards from Senegal into the upper Niger to include present-day Algeria, Chad, Mali then French Sudan including Timbuktu, Mauritania, Morocco ... | [
{
"answer": "19th century",
"question": "What time period did the colonialism of the Sahara begin?"
},
{
"answer": "France",
"question": "What country conquered the Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830?"
},
{
"answer": "20th century",
"question": "During what time were good moved thro... |
13,014 | Arabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Islands) and Beja l... | [
{
"answer": "Arabic",
"question": "What is the most common dialect spoken in the Sahara?"
},
{
"answer": "French",
"question": "What language is mainly spoken in West Africa?"
},
{
"answer": "Arabic",
"question": "What was the traditional language of Bureaucratic affairs?"
}
] |
13,015 | The rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials. It primarily refers to the influence and authority of law within society, particularly as a constraint upon behaviour, including behaviour of government officia... | [
{
"answer": "Samuel Rutherford",
"question": "Which Scottish theologian is first credited with using the phrase \"rule of law\"?"
},
{
"answer": "A. V. Dicey",
"question": "Which British jurist later made the phrase \"rule of law\" popular in the 1800s?"
},
{
"answer": "Law should govern... |
13,016 | Rule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for example because of negl... | [
{
"answer": "autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy",
"question": "In what forms of government are leaders not held to the same laws as ordinary citizens?"
},
{
"answer": "every citizen",
"question": "According to the rule of law, who must obey the laws?"
},
{
"answer": "nomocracy",
"... |
13,017 | In the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men. Plato advocated a benevolent monarchy ruled by an idealized philosopher king, who was above the law. Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explaining that "Where the... | [
{
"answer": "rule by the best men",
"question": "On what principle did the Ancient Greeks first think was best for governance? "
},
{
"answer": "king",
"question": "According to Plato, who was above the law?"
},
{
"answer": "benevolent monarchy",
"question": "What type of kingdom was... |
13,018 | There has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for his personal use. A... | [
{
"answer": "Deuteronomy",
"question": "In which book of the Bible are limitations on Jewish monarchs outlined?"
},
{
"answer": "Bishop John Ponet",
"question": "Who was against the divine rights of kings in England during the 1500s?"
},
{
"answer": "divine right of kings",
"question... |
13,019 | In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should ... | [
{
"answer": "golden met-wand",
"question": "To what did English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke compare the law?"
},
{
"answer": "God and the law",
"question": "According to English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke, what should Kings follow?"
},
{
"answer": "1607",
"question": "When did E... |
13,020 | Despite wide use by politicians, judges and academics, the rule of law has been described as "an exceedingly elusive notion". Among modern legal theorists, one finds that at least two principal conceptions of the rule of law can be identified: a formalist or "thin" definition, and a substantive or "thick" definition; o... | [
{
"answer": "formalist",
"question": "What is another word for a thin definition?"
},
{
"answer": "substantive",
"question": "What is another word for a thick definition?"
},
{
"answer": "politicians, judges and academics",
"question": "Who commonly, or at least attempt to, abide by ... |
13,021 | Most legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the law. Others, includin... | [
{
"answer": "generality, equality, and certainty",
"question": "According to legal theorists, what characteristics must the rule of law have?"
},
{
"answer": "individual rights",
"question": "According to some, what is the rule of law is formed to protect?"
},
{
"answer": "democracy",
... |
13,022 | The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approac... | [
{
"answer": "formal",
"question": "Which interpretation of the rule of law is used on a larger scale?"
},
{
"answer": "individual rights",
"question": "According to the formalist approach, what else, besides democracy, can laws protect?"
},
{
"answer": "well-known",
"question": "Acco... |
13,023 | The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in w... | [
{
"answer": "rule of law",
"question": "According to the functional interpretation, what principle is opposite of the rule of man?"
},
{
"answer": "little",
"question": "What level of discretion do governments with a high degree of the \"rule of law\" have?"
},
{
"answer": "a great deal"... |
13,024 | The rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: "the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of co... | [
{
"answer": "more than 200 countries",
"question": "For how many countries have rule of law aggregate measurements been developed?"
},
{
"answer": "nomocracy",
"question": "What is the term that described a government based on the rule of law?"
},
{
"answer": "nomos",
"question": "Wh... |
13,025 | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | [
{
"answer": "rule of law",
"question": "According to the Constitution, what is superior to the rules of man?"
},
{
"answer": "the Constitution",
"question": "What does the President and Supreme Court Justices vow to stand by?"
},
{
"answer": "the Constitution",
"question": "What do t... |
13,026 | Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the "rule of law," and if so, which one. For example, John Harrison asserts that the word "law" in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding, rather than being "defined by formal or substantive cri... | [
{
"answer": "Law Professor Frederick Mark Gedicks",
"question": "Who disagrees with the ideas proposed by John Harrison?"
},
{
"answer": "U.S. Constitution",
"question": "For what body of principles is it debated whether or not it was constructed according to the rule of law?"
},
{
"answ... |
13,028 | James Wilson said during the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 that, "Laws may be unjust, may be unwise, may be dangerous, may be destructive; and yet not be so unconstitutional as to justify the Judges in refusing to give them effect." George Mason agreed that judges "could declare an unconstitutional law void. But with... | [
{
"answer": "1787",
"question": "When was the Philadelphia Convention?"
},
{
"answer": "James Wilson",
"question": "Who spoke at the Philadelphia Convention about the potential chaos from not having judges be able to enforce laws?"
},
{
"answer": "Chief Justice",
"question": "What wa... |
13,029 | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indi... | [
{
"answer": "Confucianism",
"question": "What East Asian philosophy emphasized virtuous leadership? "
},
{
"answer": "Legalism",
"question": "What East Asian philosophy emphasized unwavering rule following?"
},
{
"answer": "weak or nonexistent",
"question": "How strong is the rule of... |
13,030 | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to comm... | [
{
"answer": "China and Vietnam",
"question": "Which two Asian countries have started to adopt the rule of law?"
},
{
"answer": "the transition to a market economy",
"question": "What has influenced China and Vietnam to conform to the rule of law?"
},
{
"answer": "legal scholars and polit... |
13,031 | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of the... | [
{
"answer": "Thailand",
"question": "Where has the rule of law been more of a theory than a way of life? "
},
{
"answer": "executive branch",
"question": "In Thailand, what branch of government rejected a proposal for senator selection?"
},
{
"answer": "royalist",
"question": "Accord... |
13,032 | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciar... | [
{
"answer": "India",
"question": "What country has the longest version of a constitution?"
},
{
"answer": "1950",
"question": "In what year was India's constitution drafted?"
},
{
"answer": "India",
"question": "What country has the longest Constitution?"
},
{
"answer": "judi... |
13,033 | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of la... | [
{
"answer": "1959",
"question": "When did the Declaration of Delhi happen?"
},
{
"answer": "185",
"question": "How many judges participated in the Declaration of Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "rule of law",
"question": "According to the Declaration of Delhi, what provides certain rights and... |
13,034 | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the ... | [
{
"answer": "1992",
"question": "When the rule of law become an agenda item for the General Assembly?"
},
{
"answer": "The Security Council",
"question": "What organization debates the rule of law?"
},
{
"answer": "The Peacebuilding Commission",
"question": "What organization meets t... |
13,035 | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and ... | [
{
"answer": "The International Development Law Organization",
"question": "What organization works to further the understanding and adherence to the rule of law?"
},
{
"answer": "emerging economies and middle-income",
"question": "What types of economies does the IDLO focus on helping?"
},
{... |
13,036 | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? ... | [
{
"answer": "economic development",
"question": "The impact of the rule of law on what is closely studied?"
},
{
"answer": "Constitutional economics",
"question": "What doctrine seeks to study rules and their relationship with the economy?"
},
{
"answer": "executive branch",
"questio... |
13,037 | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instanc... | [
{
"answer": "English",
"question": "What language is spoken in most rule of law countries?"
},
{
"answer": "not yet fully clarified",
"question": "In non English speaking countries, what is the rule of law referred to as?"
},
{
"answer": "developing and transitional",
"question": "In... |
13,038 | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is ... | [
{
"answer": "economist",
"question": "What is F.A. Hayek's profession?"
},
{
"answer": "confidence in a successful return on investment",
"question": "According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments?"
},
{
"answer": "frustrate his effort... |
13,039 | Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and ... | [
{
"answer": "Mount Everest",
"question": "What is the highest elevation in Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "Asia",
"question": "Which continent contains Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "16,000",
"question": "What is the average elevation of Tibet, in feet?"
},
{
"answer": "29,029",
"questi... |
13,040 | The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the fall of the empire the region soon divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (Ü-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations; these governments were... | [
{
"answer": "18th century",
"question": "When were the current borders of Tibet established?"
},
{
"answer": "7th century",
"question": "When did the Tibetan empire emerge?"
},
{
"answer": "Sichuan and Qinghai",
"question": "Which Chinese provinces used to be the eastern part of Tibe... |
13,041 | Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (Ü-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, ... | [
{
"answer": "1959",
"question": "In what year was the Tibetan government abolished?"
},
{
"answer": "1912",
"question": "In what year did Xinhai revolt against the Qing dynasty?"
},
{
"answer": "western and central Tibet",
"question": "Where is the Tibet Autonomous Region?"
},
{
... |
13,042 | The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism ... | [
{
"answer": "subsistence agriculture",
"question": "What is the economy of Tibet dominated by?"
},
{
"answer": "tourism",
"question": "What has recently become a growing industry in Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "Tibetan Buddhism",
"question": "What is the dominant religion in Tibet?"
},
... |
13,043 | The Tibetan name for their land, Bod བོད་, means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as Ü. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [pʰøʔ˨˧˨], is transcribed Bhö in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, Bö in the THL Simplified Phonetic Transcri... | [
{
"answer": "Bod",
"question": "What is the Tibetan name for the area?"
},
{
"answer": "Bautai",
"question": "Which ancient people were mentioned in the first written reference to Bod \"Tibet\"?"
},
{
"answer": "central region around Lhasa",
"question": "What area did Bod originally ... |
13,044 | The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where th... | [
{
"answer": "Zangqu",
"question": "How is the ethnic Tibetan region referred to as a modern Standard Chinese exonym?"
},
{
"answer": "Zang",
"question": "How do the Chinese refer to Tibetan people, language, and culture?"
},
{
"answer": "Qing",
"question": "During which dynasty was t... |
13,045 | The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番; pinyin: Tǔbō or Tǔfān). This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor ... | [
{
"answer": "Tubo",
"question": "What is the best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "7th century",
"question": "When did the name for Tibet, Tubo, first appear in Chinese characters?"
},
{
"answer": "William H. Baxter",
"question": "Who reconstructed Middle Chine... |
13,046 | Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf. Tibetan dbus, Ü, [wyʔ˨˧˨]), Wusizang (Chinese: 烏斯藏; pinyin: wūsīzàng, cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang, Ü-Tsang), Tubote (Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè), and Tanggute (Chinese: 唐古忒; pinyin: Tánggǔtè, cf. Tangut). American Tibetologist El... | [
{
"answer": "Elliot Sperling",
"question": "Who is an American Tibetologist?"
},
{
"answer": "Tubote",
"question": "What name for Tibet most clearly includes the entire Tibetan plateau?"
},
{
"answer": "Wusiguo",
"question": "What is another pre-modern Chinese name for Tibet?"
}
] |
13,047 | The language has numerous regional dialects which are generally not mutually intelligible. It is employed throughout the Tibetan plateau and Bhutan and is also spoken in parts of Nepal and northern India, such as Sikkim. In general, the dialects of central Tibet (including Lhasa), Kham, Amdo and some smaller nearby are... | [
{
"answer": "approximately 6 million",
"question": "How many people across the Tibetan Plateau speak 'greater Tibetan'?"
},
{
"answer": "approximately 150,000",
"question": "How many people who have fled modern-day Tibet are considered to be exile speakers of Tibetan?"
},
{
"answer": "po... |
13,048 | Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from north... | [
{
"answer": "Classical Tibetan",
"question": "What is written Tibetan base on?"
},
{
"answer": "Tibetan empire",
"question": "What influenced the consistency of the written Tibetan language?"
},
{
"answer": "ancient Indian Brāhmī script",
"question": "From what was the Tibetan langua... |
13,049 | The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered to be the original home of the Bön religion. By the 1st century BCE, a neighboring kingdom arose in the Yarlung valley, and... | [
{
"answer": "Amdo region",
"question": "Where did the Zhang Zhung people migrate from?"
},
{
"answer": "western Tibet",
"question": "Where did the Zhang Zhung people migrate to?"
},
{
"answer": "Zhang Zhung",
"question": "What is considered to be the original home of the Bon religion... |
13,050 | The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms, and Tibetan power spread rapidly, creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was... | [
{
"answer": "Songtsän Gampo",
"question": "Who founded the Tibetan Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "Princess Wencheng",
"question": "Who did Songtsan Gampo marry in 640?"
},
{
"answer": "Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti",
"question": "Who was Songtsan Gampo's first wife?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
13,051 | In 821/822 CE Tibet and China signed a peace treaty. A bilingual account of this treaty, including details of the borders between the two countries, is inscribed on a stone pillar which stands outside the Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over... | [
{
"answer": "821/822 CE",
"question": "When did Tibet and China sign a peace treaty?"
},
{
"answer": "Jokhang temple in Lhasa",
"question": "Where does a bilingual account of Tibet and China's peace treaty exist?"
},
{
"answer": "mid-9th century",
"question": "When did a civil war ov... |
13,052 | The Mongol Yuan dynasty, through the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. One of the department's purposes was to select a dpon-chen ('great administrator'), usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing. The... | [
{
"answer": "Mongol Yuan",
"question": "Which dynasty ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department?"
},
{
"answer": "great administrator",
"question": "What was a dpon-chen?"
},
{
"answer": "Mongol emperor",
"question": "Who confirmed the dpon-chen?"
},
{
"answer... |
13,053 | Tibet retained nominal power over religious and regional political affairs, while the Mongols managed a structural and administrative rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. This existed as a "diarchic structure" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols. Mongolian... | [
{
"answer": "Tibet",
"question": "Who managed religious and regional political affairs?"
},
{
"answer": "Mongols",
"question": "Who managed structural and administrative rule?"
},
{
"answer": "Mongolian prince Khuden",
"question": "Who gained temporal power in Tibet in the 1240s?"
... |
13,054 | Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa Dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. However,... | [
{
"answer": "Between 1346 and 1354",
"question": "When was the Phagmodrupa Dynasty founded?"
},
{
"answer": "disciples of Je Tsongkhapa",
"question": "Who founded the Gelug school?"
},
{
"answer": "minister family Rinpungpa",
"question": "Who dominated politics after 1435?"
},
{
... |
13,055 | The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat le... | [
{
"answer": "5th Dalai Lama",
"question": "Who is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland?"
},
{
"answer": "Güshi Khan",
"question": "Who helped the 5th Dalai Lama?"
},
{
"answer": "Lhasa state",
"question": "What did the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates establish?"
},
{
"an... |
13,057 | For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out. This prompted yet another Qing reorganization of the Tibetan government, this time through a written plan called the "Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government i... | [
{
"answer": "1792",
"question": "When did the Qing Qianlong Emperor send a large Chinese army into Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "push the invading Nepalese out",
"question": "Why did the Qing Qianlong Emperor send a large Chinese army into Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "Twenty-Nine Regulations for Be... |
13,058 | This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company. However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous. The British Empire was enc... | [
{
"answer": "1774",
"question": "When did George Bogle come to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade."
},
{
"answer": "Jesuits and Capuchins",
"question": "Who came to Tibet from Europe?"
},
{
"answer": "19th century",
"question": "When did the British and Russian empires begin ... |
13,059 | In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on Dec... | [
{
"answer": "1904",
"question": "When did a British expedition to Tibet invade the country?"
},
{
"answer": "13th Dalai Lama",
"question": "With whom were the British hopeing to negotiate?"
},
{
"answer": "600",
"question": "How many Tibetan troops died at the Massacre of Chumik Shen... |
13,060 | After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title. The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet.... | [
{
"answer": "1911–12",
"question": "When did the Xinhai Revolution topple the Qing dynasty?"
},
{
"answer": "Dalai Lama",
"question": "Who declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "1913",
"question": "When did Tibet and Mongolia conclude a treaty of mutual reco... |
13,061 | After the Dalai Lama's government fled to Dharamsala, India, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, it established a rival government-in-exile. Afterwards, the Central People's Government in Beijing renounced the agreement and began implementation of the halted social and political reforms. During the Great Leap Forward, b... | [
{
"answer": "Dharamsala",
"question": "Where did the Dalai Lama's government flee to during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion?"
},
{
"answer": "between 200,000 and 1,000,000",
"question": "How many Tibetans died during the Great Leap Forward?"
},
{
"answer": "6,000",
"question": "How many m... |
13,062 | In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the ... | [
{
"answer": "1980",
"question": "When did Hu Yaobang visit Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "1989",
"question": "When did monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries start protesting for independence?"
},
{
"answer": "started an anti-separatist campaign",
"question": "What did the government do ... |
13,063 | Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These in... | [
{
"answer": "Nepal",
"question": "On which border of Tibet is Mount Everest located?"
},
{
"answer": "29,029",
"question": "How tall, in feet, is Mount Everest?"
},
{
"answer": "Tibetan Plateau",
"question": "Where is the source of the Yangtze river?"
}
] |
13,064 | The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers originate from a lake (Tib: Tso Mapham) in Western Tibet, near Mount Kailash. The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans. The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva. The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche. Tibet has numerous high-... | [
{
"answer": "Mount Kailash",
"question": "Which mountain is a holy pilgrimage for both Hindus and Tibetans?"
},
{
"answer": "Lord Shiva",
"question": "Who do Hindus believe lives in Mount Kailash?"
},
{
"answer": "Khang Rinpoche",
"question": "What is the Tibetan name for Mount Kaila... |
13,065 | The atmosphere is severely dry nine months of the year, and average annual snowfall is only 18 inches (46 cm), due to the rain shadow effect. Western passes receive small amounts of fresh snow each year but remain traversible all year round. Low temperatures are prevalent throughout these western regions, where bleak d... | [
{
"answer": "18 inches",
"question": "What is the average annual snowfall in Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "Indian monsoon",
"question": "What weather pattern exerts some influence on eastern TIbet?"
},
{
"answer": "intense cold",
"question": "What are winters like in Tibet?"
}
] |
13,066 | The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an inc... | [
{
"answer": "lowest",
"question": "Where is Tibet ranked among China's 31 provinces on the UN's Human Development Index?"
},
{
"answer": "increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism",
"question": "What has increased tourism to Tibet in recent years?"
},
{
"answer": "all taxation",
"questi... |
13,067 | From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Ch... | [
{
"answer": "2010",
"question": "In what year was a national conference on Tibet held in China?"
},
{
"answer": "CPC Politburo Standing Committee",
"question": "Members of which committee attended the conference?"
},
{
"answer": "2020",
"question": "By when does the plan call for imp... |
13,068 | Historically, the population of Tibet consisted of primarily ethnic Tibetans and some other ethnic groups. According to tradition the original ancestors of the Tibetan people, as represented by the six red bands in the Tibetan flag, are: the Se, Mu, Dong, Tong, Dru and Ra. Other traditional ethnic groups with significa... | [
{
"answer": "six red bands in the Tibetan flag",
"question": "How are the original ancestors of the Tibetan people represented?"
},
{
"answer": "ethnic Tibetans",
"question": "What has the population of Tibet primarily consisted of?"
},
{
"answer": "India",
"question": "Which country... |
13,069 | Religion is extremely important to the Tibetans and has a strong influence over all aspects of their lives. Bön is the ancient religion of Tibet, but has been almost eclipsed by Tibetan Buddhism, a distinctive form of Mahayana and Vajrayana, which was introduced into Tibet from the Sanskrit Buddhist tradition of northe... | [
{
"answer": "Religion",
"question": "What has a strong influence over all aspect of Tibetans lives?"
},
{
"answer": "Bön",
"question": "What is the ancient religion of Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "During China's Cultural Revolution",
"question": "When were nearly all of Tibet's monasterie... |
13,070 | Muslims have been living in Tibet since as early as the 8th or 9th century. In Tibetan cities, there are small communities of Muslims, known as Kachee (Kache), who trace their origin to immigrants from three main regions: Kashmir (Kachee Yul in ancient Tibetan), Ladakh and the Central Asian Turkic countries. Islamic in... | [
{
"answer": "Kachee",
"question": "What are Tibetan Muslims known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Persia",
"question": "Where did Islamic influence in Tibet come from?"
},
{
"answer": "1959",
"question": "In what year were all Tibetan Muslims declared Indiana citizens?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
13,071 | Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrived from Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father António de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on. By 162... | [
{
"answer": "17th and 18th centuries",
"question": "When did Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrive in Tibet from Europe?"
},
{
"answer": "1624",
"question": "When did Portuguese missionaries first arrive in western Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "1626",
"question": "When was Christiani... |
13,072 | In 1661 another Jesuit, Johann Grueber, crossed Tibet from Sining to Lhasa (where he spent a month), before heading on to Nepal. He was followed by others who actually built a church in Lhasa. These included the Jesuit Father Ippolito Desideri, 1716–1721, who gained a deep knowledge of Tibetan culture, language and Bud... | [
{
"answer": "1661",
"question": "When did Johann Grueber cross Tibet on the way to Nepal?"
},
{
"answer": "1716–1721",
"question": "When did Jesuit Father Ippolito Desideri spend time in Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "counterbalance the influence of the Gelugpa sect",
"question": "How was C... |
13,073 | In 1877, the Protestant James Cameron from the China Inland Mission walked from Chongqing to Batang in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, and "brought the Gospel to the Tibetan people." Beginning in the 20th century, in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, a large number of Lisu people an... | [
{
"answer": "1877",
"question": "When did Protestant James Cameron bring the Gospel to the Tibetan people?"
},
{
"answer": "Beginning in the 20th century",
"question": "When did a large number of Lisu people convert to Christianity?"
},
{
"answer": "Famous earlier missionaries",
"que... |
13,074 | Standing at 117 metres (384 feet) in height and 360 metres (1,180 feet) in width, the Potala Palace is the most important example of Tibetan architecture. Formerly the residence of the Dalai Lama, it contains over one thousand rooms within thirteen stories, and houses portraits of the past Dalai Lamas and statues of th... | [
{
"answer": "the Dalai Lama",
"question": "Who used to reside in the Potala Palace?"
},
{
"answer": "thirteen",
"question": "How many stories does the Potala Palace contain?"
},
{
"answer": "10,000",
"question": "How many shrines exist in the Potala Palace?"
},
{
"answer": "f... |
13,075 | Tibetan music often involves chanting in Tibetan or Sanskrit, as an integral part of the religion. These chants are complex, often recitations of sacred texts or in celebration of various festivals. Yang chanting, performed without metrical timing, is accompanied by resonant drums and low, sustained syllables. Other st... | [
{
"answer": "Tibetan or Sanskrit",
"question": "In what languages is Tibetan music often chanted in?"
},
{
"answer": "recitations of sacred texts",
"question": "What do the chants often contain?"
},
{
"answer": "Yang",
"question": "What type of chanting is performed without metrical ... |
13,076 | Tibet has various festivals that are commonly performed to worship the Buddha[citation needed] throughout the year. Losar is the Tibetan New Year Festival. Preparations for the festive event are manifested by special offerings to family shrine deities, painted doors with religious symbols, and other painstaking jobs do... | [
{
"answer": "Buddha",
"question": "What is worshipped during Tibet's various festibals?"
},
{
"answer": "Losar",
"question": "What is the Tibetan New Year Festival called?"
},
{
"answer": "Guthuk",
"question": "What do Tibetan's eat on New Year's Eve?"
},
{
"answer": "between... |
13,077 | The most important crop in Tibet is barley, and dough made from barley flour—called tsampa—is the staple food of Tibet. This is either rolled into noodles or made into steamed dumplings called momos. Meat dishes are likely to be yak, goat, or mutton, often dried, or cooked into a spicy stew with potatoes. Mustard seed ... | [
{
"answer": "barley",
"question": "What is the most important crop in Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "tsampa",
"question": "What is dough made from barley flour called?"
},
{
"answer": "momos",
"question": "What are steamed dumplings called?"
},
{
"answer": "Butter tea",
"questio... |
13,078 | An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team spor... | [
{
"answer": "exhibition game",
"question": "What is 'a friendly' another term for?"
},
{
"answer": "exhibition game",
"question": "What is 'a scrimmage' another term for?"
},
{
"answer": "exhibition game",
"question": "What is 'a demonstration' another term for?"
},
{
"answer... |
13,079 | An exhibition game may also be used to settle a challenge, to provide professional entertainment, to promote the sport, or to raise money for charities. Several sports leagues hold all-star games to showcase their best players against each other, while other exhibitions games may pit participants from two different lea... | [
{
"answer": "all-star games",
"question": "What type of exhibition game showcases the best players?"
},
{
"answer": "a demonstration sport",
"question": "What are exhibition games in the Olympics?"
},
{
"answer": "charities",
"question": "What can an exhibition game raise money for?"... |
13,080 | In the early days of association football, known simply as football or soccer, friendly matches (or "friendlies") were the most common type of match. However, since the development of The Football League in England in 1888, league tournaments became established, in addition to lengthy derby and cup tournaments. By the ... | [
{
"answer": "friendly matches (or \"friendlies\")",
"question": "What were the most common type of matches in the early days of soccer?"
},
{
"answer": "1888",
"question": "When did the Football League begin in England?"
},
{
"answer": "2000",
"question": "By what year had national f... |
13,081 | Since the introduction of league football, most club sides play a number of friendlies before the start of each season (called pre-season friendlies). Friendly football matches are considered to be non-competitive and are only used to "warm up" players for a new season/competitive match. There is generally nothing comp... | [
{
"answer": "before the start of each season",
"question": "When do football clubs still play friendlies?"
},
{
"answer": "friendlies",
"question": "What type of football matches are non-competitive?"
},
{
"answer": "substitutions",
"question": "What do some friendlies change the rul... |
13,082 | International teams also play friendlies, generally in preparation for the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments. This is essential, since national squads generally have much less time together in which to prepare. The biggest difference between friendlies at the club and international levels is that internat... | [
{
"answer": "the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments",
"question": "What do friendlies help international teams prepare for?"
},
{
"answer": "national squads",
"question": "Which type of team lacks time to prepare for tournaments?"
},
{
"answer": "club league seasons",
"q... |
13,083 | International friendlies give team managers the opportunity to experiment with team selection and tactics before the tournament proper, and also allow them to assess the abilities of players they may potentially select for the tournament squad. Players can be booked in international friendlies, and can be suspended fro... | [
{
"answer": "team selection and tactics",
"question": "What do friendlies allow managers to experiment with?"
},
{
"answer": "suspended from future international matches",
"question": "What can happen to players who get red or yellow cards in friendlies?"
},
{
"answer": "career",
"qu... |
13,084 | In the UK and Ireland, "exhibition match" and "friendly match" refer to two different types of matches. The types described above as friendlies are not termed exhibition matches, while annual all-star matches such as those held in the US Major League Soccer or Japan's Japanese League are called exhibition matches rathe... | [
{
"answer": "the UK and Ireland",
"question": "Where are \"exhibition match\" and \"friendly match\" not synonymous?"
},
{
"answer": "US Major League Soccer or Japan's Japanese League",
"question": "What are two examples of leagues holding all-star exhibition matches?"
},
{
"answer": "ch... |
13,086 | The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team ... | [
{
"answer": "Canadian",
"question": "What nationality is the Flying Fathers team?"
},
{
"answer": "Catholic",
"question": "What religion is the Flying Fathers team?"
},
{
"answer": "Les Costello",
"question": "Who founded the Flying Fathers?"
},
{
"answer": "NHL",
"questi... |
13,087 | The Major League Baseball's preseason is also known as spring training. All MLB teams maintain a spring-training base in Arizona or Florida. The teams in Arizona make up the Cactus League, while the teams in Florida play in the Grapefruit League. Each team plays about 30 preseason games against other MLB teams. They ma... | [
{
"answer": "Arizona or Florida",
"question": "Which states do MLB teams do spring training in?"
},
{
"answer": "Cactus League",
"question": "What is the MLB preseason league in Arizona called?"
},
{
"answer": "Grapefruit League",
"question": "What is the MLB preseason league in Flor... |
13,088 | Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary. The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annuall... | [
{
"answer": "regular-season interleague play",
"question": "What development has made it unnecessary for MLB teams to play exhibition games with teams from other leagues?"
},
{
"answer": "American League",
"question": "What league are the Toronto Bluejays in?"
},
{
"answer": "National Le... |
13,089 | It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's S... | [
{
"answer": "worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues",
"question": "What concerns have reduced Minor League exhibition games?"
},
{
"answer": "Crosstown Classic",
"question": "What inter-city exhibition game did Chicago have?"
},
{
"answer": "Subway Series",
"questio... |
13,090 | National Basketball Association teams play eight preseason games per year. Today, NBA teams almost always play each other in the preseason, but mainly at neutral sites within their market areas in order to allow those who can't usually make a trip to a home team's arena during the regular season to see a game close to ... | [
{
"answer": "eight",
"question": "How many preseason games do NBA teams play?"
},
{
"answer": "Minnesota",
"question": "Where are the TImberwolves based?"
},
{
"answer": "Phoenix",
"question": "Where are the Suns based?"
},
{
"answer": "an outdoor venue",
"question": "The... |
13,091 | However, from 1971 to 1975, NBA teams played preseason exhibitions against American Basketball Association teams. In the early days of the NBA, league clubs sometimes challenged the legendary barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters, with mixed success. The NBA has played preseason games in Europe and Asia. In the 2006 and 20... | [
{
"answer": "1971 to 1975",
"question": "When did the NBA play preseason games against the ABA?"
},
{
"answer": "Harlem Globetrotters",
"question": "What legendary team did the NBA sometimes formerly play against?"
},
{
"answer": "Europe and Asia",
"question": "On what continents hav... |
13,092 | Traditionally, major college basketball teams began their seasons with a few exhibition games. They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil. On occasion before 1992, when FIBA allowed professional players on foreign national teams... | [
{
"answer": "Marathon Oil",
"question": "What is an example of a corporate sponsor of a basketball team?"
},
{
"answer": "Athletes in Action",
"question": "What is an example of a team of former college players?"
},
{
"answer": "1992",
"question": "When did the FIBA stop allowing pro... |
13,094 | The Arena Football League briefly had a two-game exhibition season in the early 2000s, a practice that ended in 2003 with a new television contract. Exhibition games outside of a structured season are relatively common among indoor American football leagues; because teams switch leagues frequently at that level of play... | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many exhibition games did the Arena Football League have per year in the early 2000s?"
},
{
"answer": "indoor American football leagues",
"question": "What type of league commonly plays unstructured exhibition games?"
},
{
"answer": "a probational fran... |
13,095 | True exhibition games between opposing colleges at the highest level do not exist in college football; due to the importance of opinion polling in the top level of college football, even exhibition games would not truly be exhibitions because they could influence the opinions of those polled. Intramural games are possi... | [
{
"answer": "opinion polling",
"question": "What consideration is more important for college teams than exhibition games?"
},
{
"answer": "Intramural",
"question": "What is a game called in which a team plays against itself?"
},
{
"answer": "Football Bowl Subdivision",
"question": "C... |
13,097 | High school football teams frequently participate in controlled scrimmages with other teams during preseason practice, but exhibition games are rare because of league rules and concerns about finances, travel and player injuries, along with enrollments not being registered until the early part of August in most school ... | [
{
"answer": "September–June",
"question": "When is the usual high school academic term?"
},
{
"answer": "all-star",
"question": "What is the most common type of high school football exhibition game?"
},
{
"answer": "graduating seniors",
"question": "What year of players are in high s... |
13,098 | Various auto racing organizations hold exhibition events; these events usually award no championship points to participants, but they do offer prize money to participants. The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series holds two exhibition events annually - the Sprint Unlimited, held at Daytona International Speedway at the start of the... | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many exhibition events per year does the NASCAR Sprint Cup have?"
},
{
"answer": "Daytona International Speedway",
"question": "Where is the Sprint Unlimited held?"
},
{
"answer": "Charlotte Motor Speedway",
"question": "Where is the Sprint All-Sta... |
13,100 | Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande Île (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in the Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a bridge of unity ... | [
{
"answer": "1988",
"question": "What year was Grande Ile classified as a World Heritage site?"
},
{
"answer": "Franco-German",
"question": "What is the culture in Strasbourg?"
},
{
"answer": "Strasbourg Grand Mosque",
"question": "What is the largest Islamic place of worship in Fran... |
13,101 | Strasbourg is situated on the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the River Rhine, which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town Kehl. The historic core of Strasbourg however lies on the Grande Île in the River Ill, which here flows parall... | [
{
"answer": "River Rhine",
"question": "What river is on the border of France and Germany?"
},
{
"answer": "Rhine",
"question": "The River Ill flows parallel with what river for 4 kilometres?"
},
{
"answer": "artificial",
"question": "What kind of waterways connect the River Ill and ... |
13,104 | In the fifth century Strasbourg was occupied successively by Alemanni, Huns, and Franks. In the ninth century it was commonly known as Strazburg in the local language, as documented in 842 by the Oaths of Strasbourg. This trilingual text contains, alongside texts in Latin and Old High German (teudisca lingua), the olde... | [
{
"answer": "Carolingian Empire",
"question": "What Empire split to create France and Germany?"
},
{
"answer": "Alsatian",
"question": "What language called Strasbourg Strossburi?"
},
{
"answer": "Straßburg",
"question": "What is the German spelling for Strasbourg?"
},
{
"ans... |
13,105 | A revolution in 1332 resulted in a broad-based city government with participation of the guilds, and Strasbourg declared itself a free republic. The deadly bubonic plague of 1348 was followed on 14 February 1349 by one of the first and worst pogroms in pre-modern history: over a thousand Jews were publicly burnt to dea... | [
{
"answer": "1332",
"question": "In what year did Strasbourg declare itself a free republic? "
},
{
"answer": "1348",
"question": "What year was the deadly bubonic plague in Strasbourg?"
},
{
"answer": "over a thousand",
"question": "How many Jews were burned to death in 1349?"
},
... |
13,107 | Louis' advisors believed that, as long as Strasbourg remained independent, it would endanger the King's newly annexed territories in Alsace, and, that to defend these large rural lands effectively, a garrison had to be placed in towns such as Strasbourg. Indeed, the bridge over the Rhine at Strasbourg had been used rep... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many times was the Rhines bridge used during the Franco-Dutch War?"
},
{
"answer": "September 1681",
"question": "When did Louis surround the city with considerable force?"
},
{
"answer": "30 September 1681",
"question": "When did Louis march int... |
13,108 | This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Ed... | [
{
"answer": "annexation",
"question": "What was one of the causes of the War of the Reunions? "
},
{
"answer": "1697",
"question": "When was the French annexation recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick?"
},
{
"answer": "Strasbourg Cathedral",
"question": "What church was taken from the ... |
13,109 | Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by c... | [
{
"answer": "French Revolution",
"question": "What revoked Strasbourg's status as a free city? "
},
{
"answer": "Eulogius Schneider",
"question": "Who ruled the city with an iron hand?"
},
{
"answer": "statues",
"question": "What did the cathedrals lose in April 1794?"
},
{
"... |
13,110 | During the Franco-Prussian War and the Siege of Strasbourg, the city was heavily bombarded by the Prussian army. The bombardment of the city was meant to break the morale of the people of Strasbourg. On 24 and 26 August 1870, the Museum of Fine Arts was destroyed by fire, as was the Municipal Library housed in the Goth... | [
{
"answer": "Prussian army",
"question": "Who bombarded the city of Strasbourg? "
},
{
"answer": "24 and 26 August 1870",
"question": "What date was the Museum of Fine Arts destroyed by fire?"
},
{
"answer": "gothic",
"question": "What cathedral was damaged along with the medieval ch... |
13,111 | In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or "new ci... | [
{
"answer": "1871",
"question": "In what year was the city annexed to the German Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "Treaty of Frankfurt",
"question": "What was the Treaty in 1871 called?"
},
{
"answer": "1567",
"question": "What year was the university founded?"
},
{
"answer": "Rodolph... |
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