id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
13,112 | A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstet... | [
{
"answer": "fortifications",
"question": "What was established around the city? "
},
{
"answer": "Mundolsheim",
"question": "Where is Fort Podbielski located?"
},
{
"answer": "Wolfisheim",
"question": "Where is Fort Bismark located?"
},
{
"answer": "Holtzheim",
"questio... |
13,113 | Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Stra... | [
{
"answer": "World War I",
"question": "In what war was the German Empire defeated? "
},
{
"answer": "independent",
"question": "What kind of Republic did some insurgents declare Alsace-Lorraine?"
},
{
"answer": "11 November 1918",
"question": "What date was Strasbourg declared a sov... |
13,115 | Between the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Anglo-French declaration of War against the German Reich on 3 September 1939, the entire city (a total of 120,000 people) was evacuated, like other border towns as well. Until the arrival of the Wehrmacht troops mid-June 1940, the city was, for ten month... | [
{
"answer": "German",
"question": "Who invaded Poland on 1 September 1939? "
},
{
"answer": "120,000",
"question": "How many people were evacuated during the invasion?"
},
{
"answer": "Wehrmacht troops",
"question": "What troops arrived in mid-June 1940?"
},
{
"answer": "ten ... |
13,116 | After the ceasefire following the Fall of France in June 1940, Alsace was annexed to Germany and a rigorous policy of Germanisation was imposed upon it by the Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner. When, in July 1940, the first evacuees were allowed to return, only residents of Alsatian origin were admitted. The last Jews w... | [
{
"answer": "1940",
"question": "In what year was the Fall of France?"
},
{
"answer": "Germany",
"question": "What country was Alsace annexed to? "
},
{
"answer": "Gauleiter Robert Heinrich Wagner",
"question": "Who imposed the rigorous policy of Germanisation?"
},
{
"answer"... |
13,119 | In 1949, the city was chosen to be the seat of the Council of Europe with its European Court of Human Rights and European Pharmacopoeia. Since 1952, the European Parliament has met in Strasbourg, which was formally designated its official 'seat' at the Edinburgh meeting of the European Council of EU heads of state and ... | [
{
"answer": "Council of Europe",
"question": "What council was the city given a seat for in 1949? "
},
{
"answer": "1952",
"question": "When did the European Parliament begin meeting in Strasbourg?"
},
{
"answer": "1999",
"question": "When was Louise Weiss inaugurated?"
}
] |
13,120 | In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied bombing raids, the part Romanesque, part Gothic, very large Église Saint-Thomas with its S... | [
{
"answer": "Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne",
"question": "What was partly destroyed by Allied bombings in 1944? "
},
{
"answer": "Silbermann organ",
"question": "What organ did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart play on?"
},
{
"answer": "Église Saint-Thomas",
"question": "Where is the Silberm... |
13,121 | The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three muse... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many museums does the Palais Rohan hold? "
},
{
"answer": "Hôtel de Hanau",
"question": "What did the city hall used to be known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Hôpital civil",
"question": "What is the largest baroque building in Strasbourg?"
},
{
"... |
13,122 | Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high ... | [
{
"answer": "eclecticist",
"question": "What kind of high class building does Strasbourg offer? "
},
{
"answer": "World War II",
"question": "What war caused severe damage to Germany?"
},
{
"answer": "Palais du Rhin",
"question": "What was the former imperial palace called?"
},
{... |
13,123 | As for modern and contemporary architecture, Strasbourg possesses some fine Art Nouveau buildings (such as the huge Palais des Fêtes and houses and villas like Villa Schutzenberger and Hôtel Brion), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the Cité Rotterdam, for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in... | [
{
"answer": "Villa Schutzenberger",
"question": "What is the fine Art Nouveau villa called? "
},
{
"answer": "Le Corbusier",
"question": "Who lost the architectural contest?"
},
{
"answer": "Richard Rogers",
"question": "Who built the European Court of Human Rights building?"
},
... |
13,125 | Unlike most other cities, Strasbourg's collections of European art are divided into several museums according not only to type and area, but also to epoch. Old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories and until 1681 are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, old master paintings from all the rest o... | [
{
"answer": "Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame",
"question": "Where are old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories until 1681 held? "
},
{
"answer": "Cabinet des estampes et dessins",
"question": "Where are old master graphic arts until 1871 displayed?"
},
{
"answer": "Musée de... |
13,126 | Strasbourg, well known as centre of humanism, has a long history of excellence in higher-education, at the crossroads of French and German intellectual traditions. Although Strasbourg had been annexed by the Kingdom of France in 1683, it still remained connected to the German-speaking intellectual world throughout the ... | [
{
"answer": "centre of humanism",
"question": "What is Strasbourg known as?"
},
{
"answer": "1683",
"question": "When was Strasbourg annexed by the Kingdom of France?"
},
{
"answer": "law",
"question": "What did Montgelas study?"
},
{
"answer": "Holy Roman Empire",
"quest... |
13,127 | The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the uni... | [
{
"answer": "Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire",
"question": "What is the second largest library in France? "
},
{
"answer": "3,000,000",
"question": "How many titles does the library have?"
},
{
"answer": "German administration",
"question": "Who founded the library?"
},
{... |
13,128 | As one of the earliest centers of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula—documents printed before 1500—in her library as one of her most precious heritages. After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be re... | [
{
"answer": "documents printed before 1500",
"question": "What are incunabula's? "
},
{
"answer": "1870",
"question": "When was the library destroyed?"
},
{
"answer": "public and institutional libraries",
"question": "What kind of building holds incunabula's today?"
}
] |
13,129 | City transportation in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking Strasbourg tramway that opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8 km (34.7 mi). The CTS also operates a comprehensive bus network througho... | [
{
"answer": "1994",
"question": "What year did the Strasbourg tramway open? "
},
{
"answer": "regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois",
"question": "Who operates the Strasbourg tramway?"
},
{
"answer": "6",
"question": "How many lines does the Strasbourg tram... |
13,130 | Being a city on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the forti... | [
{
"answer": "1682",
"question": "What year was the Canal de la Bruche added? "
},
{
"answer": "Water tourism",
"question": "What kind of tourism attracts tourists yearly?"
},
{
"answer": "Rhine",
"question": "What river is Strasbourg by?"
}
] |
13,131 | The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished b... | [
{
"answer": "tram",
"question": "What system also complements walking and biking? "
},
{
"answer": "pedestrian",
"question": "What kind of priority zone has the city centre been transformed into?"
},
{
"answer": "public squares",
"question": "What do bike paths go through to add enjo... |
13,132 | At present the A35 autoroute, which parallels the Rhine between Karlsruhe and Basel, and the A4 autoroute, which links Paris with Strasbourg, penetrate close to the centre of the city. The Grand contournement ouest (GCO) project, programmed since 1999, plans to construct a 24 km (15 mi) long highway connection between ... | [
{
"answer": "A35 autoroute",
"question": "What route parallels the Rhine? "
},
{
"answer": "1999",
"question": "What year did the Grand contournement ouest project open?"
},
{
"answer": "24 km",
"question": "How far is the connection between junctions A4 and the A35?"
},
{
"a... |
13,134 | The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superin... | [
{
"answer": "Choctaw",
"question": "What language does the name Oklahoma come from?"
},
{
"answer": "red people",
"question": "What does Oklahoma mean?"
},
{
"answer": "1866",
"question": "When was the name Oklahoma suggested?"
},
{
"answer": "Choctaw Chief Allen Wright",
... |
13,135 | Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the... | [
{
"answer": "20th",
"question": "Where does Oklahoma rank by land area?"
},
{
"answer": "69,898",
"question": "How many square miles is Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "1,281",
"question": "How many square miles of water is in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "six",
"question": "How m... |
13,136 | The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line. The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian. In the 1890s... | [
{
"answer": "2.1 to 2.2 miles",
"question": "How far out of alignment is Oklahoma's western edge from Texas's border?"
},
{
"answer": "1819",
"question": "When was the border between TX and NM first determined?"
},
{
"answer": "1890s",
"question": "When was Oklahoma's border determin... |
13,137 | Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above s... | [
{
"answer": "Ozark Plateau",
"question": "What plateau is Oklahoma near?"
},
{
"answer": "Gulf of Mexico",
"question": "What watershed is Oklahoma in?"
},
{
"answer": "Black Mesa",
"question": "What is Oklahoma's tallest mountain?"
},
{
"answer": "4,973",
"question": "How... |
13,138 | Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the Ouachita Mountains, the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, and the Ozark Mountains. Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A port... | [
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many major mountain ranges are in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains",
"question": "Which of Oklahoma's mountain ranges are in the US Interior Highlands?"
},
{
"answer": "north-central",
"question": "What part of Oklahoma ... |
13,139 | The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot so... | [
{
"answer": "Glass Mountains",
"question": "What is an example of a mesa range?"
},
{
"answer": "southwestern",
"question": "What part of Oklahoma is the Antelope Hills in?"
},
{
"answer": "central",
"question": "What part of Oklahoma has oak savannahs?"
},
{
"answer": "The O... |
13,140 | Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses. Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass... | [
{
"answer": "24 percent",
"question": "How much of Oklahoma is covered in forests?"
},
{
"answer": "shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie",
"question": "What types of prairie grasslands does Oklahoma have?"
},
{
"answer": "western",
"question": "What part of Oklahoma has low... |
13,141 | The state holds populations of white-tailed deer, mule deer, antelope, coyotes, mountain lions, bobcats, elk, and birds such as quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants. In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the natio... | [
{
"answer": "quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants",
"question": "What types of birds does Oklahoma have a lot of?"
},
{
"answer": "white-tailed deer, mule deer",
"question": "What types of deer does Oklahoma have a lot of?"
},
{
"answer": "prairie dog",
... |
13,142 | With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,... | [
{
"answer": "39,000 acres",
"question": "How large is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?"
},
{
"answer": "north-central",
"question": "What part of Oklahoma is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in?"
},
{
"answer": "the world",
"question": "The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is the largest prot... |
13,143 | Oklahoma is located in a humid subtropical region. Oklahoma lies in a transition zone between humid continental climate to the north, semi-arid climate to the west, and humid subtropical climate in the central, south and eastern portions of the state. Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characteriz... | [
{
"answer": "humid subtropical",
"question": "What is Oklahoma's main climate region?"
},
{
"answer": "Tornado Alley",
"question": "What natural-disaster-based nickname does Oklahoma's region have?"
},
{
"answer": "average 62",
"question": "How many tornadoes hit Oklahoma each year?"... |
13,144 | Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the aft... | [
{
"answer": "83 °F",
"question": "What is Oklahoma's record high temperature for Nov 11?"
},
{
"answer": "17 °F",
"question": "What is Oklahoma's record low temperature for Nov 11?"
},
{
"answer": "an Arctic cold front",
"question": "What caused Oklahoma's temperature to plummet 66 d... |
13,145 | The humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) of central, southern and eastern Oklahoma is influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Traveling westward, the climate transitions progressively toward a semi-arid zone (Koppen BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western ar... | [
{
"answer": "central, southern and eastern",
"question": "What parts of Oklahoma are in a humid subtropical climate?"
},
{
"answer": "Gulf of Mexico",
"question": "Where do Oklahoma's winds bring moisture from?"
},
{
"answer": "semi-arid",
"question": "What is Oklahoma's western clim... |
13,146 | Over almost all of Oklahoma, winter is the driest season. Average monthly precipitation increases dramatically in the spring to a peak in May, the wettest month over most of the state, with its frequent and not uncommonly severe thunderstorm activity. Early June can still be wet, but most years see a marked decrease in... | [
{
"answer": "winter",
"question": "Which season is the most dry in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "May",
"question": "When does Oklahoma get the most rain?"
},
{
"answer": "Mid-summer",
"question": "When is the second-driest season in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "1934, 1954, 1980 an... |
13,147 | All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the... | [
{
"answer": "south-central and southeastern",
"question": "What parts of Oklahoma rarely see below-zero temperatures?"
},
{
"answer": "less than 4 inches",
"question": "What is the average snowfall in southern Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "over 20 inches",
"question": "What is the avera... |
13,148 | Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last ice age. Ancestors of the Wichita and Caddo lived in what is now Oklahoma. The Panhandle culture peoples were precontact residents of the panhandle region. The westernmost center of the Mississippian culture was Spiro Mounds, in what is ... | [
{
"answer": "Wichita and Caddo",
"question": "Ancestors of which tribes lived in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "Spiro Mounds",
"question": "What was Spiro, Oklahoma named for?"
},
{
"answer": "between AD 850 and 1450",
"question": "When did Spiro Mounds flourish?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
13,149 | The new state became a focal point for the emerging oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy. In 1927, Oklah... | [
{
"answer": "Tulsa",
"question": "What was the \"Oil Capital of the World\"?"
},
{
"answer": "oil",
"question": "What type of investments were important in early Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "Cyrus Avery",
"question": "Who was the \"Father of Route 66\"?"
},
{
"answer": "Tulsa",... |
13,150 | During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of f... | [
{
"answer": "1930s",
"question": "When did the Dust Bowl begin?"
},
{
"answer": "poor farming practices",
"question": "What mistake led to the Dust Bowl?"
},
{
"answer": "Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma",
"question": "What states were affected by the Dust Bowl?"
... |
13,151 | In 1995, Oklahoma City was the site of one of the most destructive acts of domestic terrorism in American history. The Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children. Th... | [
{
"answer": "April 19, 1995",
"question": "When was the Oklahoma City Bombing?"
},
{
"answer": "Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols",
"question": "Who committed the Oklahoma City Bombing?"
},
{
"answer": "168",
"question": "How many people died in the Oklahoma City Bombing?"
},
{
... |
13,152 | The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the r... | [
{
"answer": "2010",
"question": "When did Oklahoma declare an official language?"
},
{
"answer": "2,977,187",
"question": "How many Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?"
},
{
"answer": "92.6%",
"question": "What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 20... |
13,153 | German is the fourth most commonly used language, with 13,444 speakers representing about 0.4% of the total state population. Fifth is Vietnamese, spoken by 11,330 people, or about 0.4% of the population, many of whom live in the Asia District of Oklahoma City. Other languages include French with 8,258 speakers (0.3%),... | [
{
"answer": "German",
"question": "What is Oklahoma's fourth most popular language?"
},
{
"answer": "13,444",
"question": "How many Oklahomans speak German?"
},
{
"answer": "more than 25",
"question": "How many Native American languages are used in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
13,154 | Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democr... | [
{
"answer": "the \"Bible Belt\"",
"question": "What is the conservative Evangelical Christian region called?"
},
{
"answer": "southern and eastern",
"question": "What parts of the US are covered by the 'Bible Belt'?"
},
{
"answer": "Democratic",
"question": "What political party has ... |
13,155 | Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food. The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agricultura... | [
{
"answer": "third",
"question": "How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing natural gas?"
},
{
"answer": "27th",
"question": "How does Oklahoma rank among US states for agriculture?"
},
{
"answer": "5th",
"question": "How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing wh... |
13,156 | Oklahoma is the nation's third-largest producer of natural gas, fifth-largest producer of crude oil, and has the second-greatest number of active drilling rigs, and ranks fifth in crude oil reserves. While the state ranked eighth for installed wind energy capacity in 2011, it is at the bottom of states in usage of rene... | [
{
"answer": "fifth",
"question": "What is Oklahoma's rank among states producing crude oil?"
},
{
"answer": "second",
"question": "What is Oklahoma's rank among states by active drilling rigs?"
},
{
"answer": "fifth",
"question": "How does Oklahoma's crude oil reserves rank among sta... |
13,157 | According to Forbes magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation, and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related. Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's la... | [
{
"answer": "Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation",
"question": "Which largest private oil companies are based in Oklahoma City?"
},
{
"answer": "energy",
"question": "What industry are all of the Oklahoma-based Fortune 500 companies in?"
},... |
13,158 | The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet compani... | [
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many famous Native American ballerinas came from Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "the Five Moons",
"question": "What are Oklahoma's Native American ballerinas called?"
},
{
"answer": "Yvonne Chouteau",
"question": "What ballerina started the Oklahoma Ci... |
13,159 | In Sand Springs, an outdoor amphitheater called "Discoveryland!" is the official performance headquarters for the musical Oklahoma! Ridge Bond, native of McAlester, Oklahoma, starred in the Broadway and International touring productions of Oklahoma!, playing the role of "Curly McClain" in more than 2,600 performances. ... | [
{
"answer": "Sand Springs",
"question": "Where is 'Discoveryland!'?"
},
{
"answer": "Ridge Bond",
"question": "Who starred in the Broadway production of 'Oklahoma!'?"
},
{
"answer": "McAlester, Oklahoma",
"question": "Where is Ridge Bond from?"
},
{
"answer": "Curly McClain",... |
13,160 | Prominent theatre companies in Oklahoma include, in the capital city, Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep. CityRep is a professional company affording equity points to those performers and technical theatre professionals. In Tulsa, Oklahoma's oldest res... | [
{
"answer": "Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep",
"question": "What major theater groups are in Oklahoma City?"
},
{
"answer": "Theatre Tulsa",
"question": "What is the oldest community theater group west of the Mississippi Rive... |
13,161 | Oklahoma is in the nation's middle percentile in per capita spending on the arts, ranking 17th, and contains more than 300 museums. The Philbrook Museum of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50 fine art museums in the United States, and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman, one of the largest univ... | [
{
"answer": "more than 300",
"question": "How many museums are in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "17th",
"question": "How does Oklahoma's per-capita arts spending rank?"
},
{
"answer": "Tulsa",
"question": "Where is the Philbrook Museum?"
},
{
"answer": "fine art",
"question":... |
13,162 | The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago and Los Angeles. The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world, and Oklahoma City's National Co... | [
{
"answer": "Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee",
"question": "Where does Oklahoma have a fine Egyptian art collection?"
},
{
"answer": "Oklahoma City Museum of Art",
"question": "Where is the largest collection of Dale Chinuly's work?"
},
{
"answer": "glass sculptures",
"question... |
13,163 | Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association, and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American ... | [
{
"answer": "2007",
"question": "When was Oklahoma's centennial year?"
},
{
"answer": "November 16, 2007",
"question": "When was the exact hundredth anniversary of Oklahoma's statehood?"
},
{
"answer": "American Bus Association",
"question": "What organization said Oklahoma's centenn... |
13,164 | During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City, the State Fair of Oklahoma attracts roughly one million people along with the annual Festival of the Arts. Large national pow-wows, various Latin and Asian heritage festivals, and cultural festivals such as the Juneteenth celebrations are held in Oklahoma City each year. The Tulsa ... | [
{
"answer": "10-day",
"question": "How long is the State Fair of Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "Oklahoma City",
"question": "Where is the State Fair of Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "roughly one million",
"question": "How many people attend the State Fair of Oklahoma each year?"
},
{
... |
13,165 | Norman plays host to the Norman Music Festival, a festival that highlights native Oklahoma bands and musicians. Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma's first medieval fair. The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma camp... | [
{
"answer": "1976",
"question": "When did the Medieval Fair of Norman begin?"
},
{
"answer": "Norman",
"question": "Where was Oklahoma's first medieval fair?"
},
{
"answer": "the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus",
"question": "Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held... |
13,166 | With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008[update]. Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation ... | [
{
"answer": "638,817",
"question": "How many students were in Oklahoma's public schools in 2008?"
},
{
"answer": "533",
"question": "How many school districts are in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "126,078",
"question": "How many Native American students are in Oklahoma's public schools?"... |
13,167 | The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling. High school dropout rate decreased... | [
{
"answer": "National Institute for Early Education Research",
"question": "Who said Oklahoma's pre-K program is the best in the US?"
},
{
"answer": "2004",
"question": "When was Oklahoma's pre-K called 'a model for early childhood schooling'?"
},
{
"answer": "3.1",
"question": "What... |
13,168 | Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities, including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River, also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and a... | [
{
"answer": "eleven",
"question": "How many public universities does Oklahoma have?"
},
{
"answer": "Northeastern State University",
"question": "What is the second-oldest university west of the MS River?"
},
{
"answer": "Northeastern State University",
"question": "Within what unive... |
13,169 | In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This mean... | [
{
"answer": "181,973",
"question": "How many undergrad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?"
},
{
"answer": "20,014",
"question": "How many grad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?"
},
{
"answer": "4,395",
"question": "How many professional degree college students were in Oklahoma in 20... |
13,170 | The Cherokee Nation instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the Cherokee language from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home. This plan was part of an ambitious goal that ... | [
{
"answer": "Cherokee Nation",
"question": "Which Native American group is involved in a language preservation project?"
},
{
"answer": "80% or more",
"question": "What percent of Cherokee people are desired to be fluent in Cherokee?"
},
{
"answer": "Cherokee Preservation Foundation",
... |
13,172 | The NBA's New Orleans Hornets became the first major league sports franchise based in Oklahoma when the team was forced to relocate to Oklahoma City's Ford Center, now known as Chesapeake Energy Arena, for two seasons following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In July 2008, the Seattle SuperSonics, a franchise owned by the P... | [
{
"answer": "New Orleans Hornets",
"question": "Which NBA team temporarily relocated to Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "Oklahoma City's Ford Center",
"question": "Where did the temporary NBA team play in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "Hurricane Katrina",
"question": "What caused the temporary... |
13,174 | Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has... | [
{
"answer": "LPGA",
"question": "What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host?"
},
{
"answer": "Tulsa",
"question": "Where is Southern Hills Country Club?"
},
{
"answer": "Oklahoma City",
"question": "Where is Oak Tree Country Club?"
},
{
"answer": "Tulsa",
... |
13,175 | The state has two primary newspapers. The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in ... | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many major newspapers does Oklahoma have?"
},
{
"answer": "The Oklahoman",
"question": "What is the largest Oklahoma newspaper?"
},
{
"answer": "202,690",
"question": "How many people read the Sunday issue of The Oklahoman?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
13,176 | More than 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of roads make up the state's major highway skeleton, including state-operated highways, ten turnpikes or major toll roads, and the longest drivable stretch of Route 66 in the nation. In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of... | [
{
"answer": "More than 12,000",
"question": "How many miles of highways are in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "Route 66",
"question": "Oklahoma has the longest drivable stretch of what famous highway?"
},
{
"answer": "Interstate 44",
"question": "What is the busiest highway in Oklahoma?"
... |
13,177 | Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, s... | [
{
"answer": "Will Rogers World Airport",
"question": "What is the largest commercial airport in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "Oklahoma City",
"question": "Where is Oklahoma's largest airport?"
},
{
"answer": "1.7 million",
"question": "How many people boarded in Will Rogers World Airpor... |
13,178 | Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year. Both ports are located on the McClellan-... | [
{
"answer": "Two",
"question": "How many ports does Oklahoma have?"
},
{
"answer": "Tulsa Port of Catoosa",
"question": "Which port in Oklahoma handles international cargo?"
},
{
"answer": "Tulsa",
"question": "Where is the furthest-inland oceangoing port in the US?"
},
{
"an... |
13,179 | Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last reso... | [
{
"answer": "77",
"question": "How many district courts does Oklahoma have?"
},
{
"answer": "77",
"question": "How many counties does Oklahoma have?"
},
{
"answer": "the state Supreme Court",
"question": "What is the civil court of last resort in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "Te... |
13,180 | The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and reserving the ... | [
{
"answer": "the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials",
"question": "Who is in the executive branch?"
},
{
"answer": "the Governor",
"question": "Who commands the Oklahoma National Guard?"
},
{
"answer": "the Executive branch",
"question": "Who is responsible for submit... |
13,181 | The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff. While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county go... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many county commissioners does each Oklahoma county have?"
},
{
"answer": "commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff",
"question": "What are the major county offices in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "77",
"question": "... |
13,182 | Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and n... | [
{
"answer": "Thirty-nine",
"question": "How many tribal governments are in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "reservations",
"question": "Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called?"
},
{
"answer": "executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions",
"... |
13,183 | After the 1948 election, the state turned firmly Republican. Although registered Republicans were a minority in the state until 2015, starting in 1952, Oklahoma has been carried by Republican presidential candidates in all but one election (1964). This is not to say that every election has been a landslide for Republic... | [
{
"answer": "Republican",
"question": "What political party rose to power in Oklahoma in 1948?"
},
{
"answer": "2015",
"question": "When did registered Republicans become a majority in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "1964",
"question": "What is the one election since 1952 where a Republic... |
13,184 | Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In th... | [
{
"answer": "six",
"question": "How many US House reps did Oklahoma have before the 2000 census?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many of Oklahoma's House reps were Republican... |
13,185 | Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including four cities over 100,000 in population and 43 over 10,000. Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 65 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social i... | [
{
"answer": "598",
"question": "How many incorporated cities are in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many Oklahoma cities have over 100,000 people?"
},
{
"answer": "Oklahoma",
"question": "How many of the 50 largest US cities are in Oklahoma?"
},
{
"answer":... |
13,186 | In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and St... | [
{
"answer": "Oklahoma City",
"question": "What is Oklahoma's largest city?"
},
{
"answer": "14.6%",
"question": "How much did Oklahoma City's population grow from 2000 to 2010?"
},
{
"answer": "96,867",
"question": "How many people lived in Lawton in 2010?"
},
{
"answer": "45... |
13,187 | State law codifies Oklahoma's state emblems and honorary positions; the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations. Currently the State Senate is waiting to vote on a change to the state's motto. The House passed HCR 1024, which w... | [
{
"answer": "HCR 1024",
"question": "What state House bill would change Oklahoma's motto to 'Oklahoma - In God We Trust'?"
},
{
"answer": "Labor Omnia Vincit",
"question": "What was Oklahoma's state motto, before the state House bill might change it?"
},
{
"answer": "no \"official\" vote... |
13,188 | The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of the Śramaṇa movement; th... | [
{
"answer": "Indian subcontinent",
"question": "In what geographic area was the country of India established?"
},
{
"answer": "Vedic Civilization",
"question": "What did the joining of the Indus Valley and Indo-Aryan cultures produce?"
},
{
"answer": "Indian cultures and traditions",
... |
13,189 | Evidence of Anatomically modern humans in the Indian subcontinent is recorded as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including Homo erectus from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3200 to 1300 BCE,... | [
{
"answer": "75,000 years",
"question": "For how long have modern humans lived on the Indian subcontinent?"
},
{
"answer": "500,000 years ago",
"question": "How long ago did earlier hominids live on the Indian subcontinent?"
},
{
"answer": "c. 3200 to 1300 BCE",
"question": "When did... |
13,190 | Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BC onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BC and was exported to fore... | [
{
"answer": "Maurya Empire",
"question": "What empire conquered most of the subcontinent in the 3rd and 4th centuries BC?"
},
{
"answer": "Prakrit and Pali",
"question": "After the 3rd century BC, what style of literature grew in northern area of the subcontinent?"
},
{
"answer": "Wootz ... |
13,191 | The most significant event between the 7th and 11th century was the Tripartite struggle centered on Kannauj that lasted for more than two centuries between the Pala Empire, Rashtrakuta Empire, and Gurjara Pratihara Empire. Southern India was ruled by the Chalukya, Chola, Pallava, Chera, Pandyan, and Western Chalukya Em... | [
{
"answer": "7th and 11th",
"question": "Between what centuries was the Tripartite struggle focused on Kannauj?"
},
{
"answer": "two centuries",
"question": "How long did the Tripartite struggle last?"
},
{
"answer": "seventh century",
"question": "When did Islam begin to become a po... |
13,192 | Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by the Central Asian Turks. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century when several powerful Hindu states such as the Vijayanag... | [
{
"answer": "Central Asian Turks",
"question": "What group founded the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century?"
},
{
"answer": "late 14th century",
"question": "When did the Delhi Sultanate decline in its rule of northern India?"
},
{
"answer": "Sikhism",
"question": "What belief system... |
13,193 | From the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, large areas of India were annexed by the British East India Company of British Empire. Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a per... | [
{
"answer": "British East India Company",
"question": "What company annexed large areas of India in the 18th and 19th centuries?"
},
{
"answer": "Indian Rebellion",
"question": "What effect did Company rule in India produce in 1857?"
},
{
"answer": "British Crown",
"question": "After... |
13,194 | Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions", neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity. The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim... | [
{
"answer": "Romila Thapar",
"question": "Who remarked Indian history is too devoted to the ranking of dynasties and invasions?"
},
{
"answer": "social-economic",
"question": "What type of history period is often neglected in Indian histories?"
},
{
"answer": "strong continuity",
"qu... |
13,195 | Isolated remains of Homo erectus in Hathnora in the Narmada Valley in central India indicate that India might have been inhabited since at least the Middle Pleistocene era, somewhere between 500,000 and 200,000 years ago. Tools crafted by proto-humans that have been dated back two million years have been discovered in ... | [
{
"answer": "Middle Pleistocene",
"question": "By what era was India inhabited by humans of some form?"
},
{
"answer": "Homo erectus",
"question": "What type of remains were found in the Narmada Valley?"
},
{
"answer": "two million years",
"question": "From how long ago do tools date... |
13,196 | The Mesolithic period in the Indian subcontinent was followed by the Neolithic period, when more extensive settlement of the subcontinent occurred after the end of the last Ice Age approximately 12,000 years ago. The first confirmed semipermanent settlements appeared 9,000 years ago in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in mo... | [
{
"answer": "Neolithic",
"question": "What geologic period came after the Mesolithic period in India?"
},
{
"answer": "extensive settlement",
"question": "What happened in India during the Neolithic period?"
},
{
"answer": "12,000 years",
"question": "How long ago did the last ice ag... |
13,197 | The Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, as well as Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day ... | [
{
"answer": "2600 to 1900 BCE",
"question": "When did the Mature Indus Civilization thrive? "
},
{
"answer": "urban",
"question": "What stage of civilization did the Mature Indus represent?"
},
{
"answer": "municipal",
"question": "What kind of organization did the Mature Indus have?... |
13,198 | The Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas are some of the oldest exta... | [
{
"answer": "Indo-Aryan",
"question": "For what culture is the Vedic period named?"
},
{
"answer": "north-west India",
"question": "Where was the Indo-Aryan culture located?"
},
{
"answer": "Vedic Sanskrit",
"question": "In what language did the Vedic culture speak?"
},
{
"a... |
13,199 | At the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social structure was characterized ... | [
{
"answer": "Rigvedic period",
"question": "When did the Aryan culture begin its expansion?"
},
{
"answer": "western Ganges plain",
"question": "Into what area did the Aryan culture expand?"
},
{
"answer": "varnas",
"question": "What were the Aryan social classes called?"
},
{
... |
13,200 | The Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally "black metal"). The Kuru state organize... | [
{
"answer": "Kuru kingdom",
"question": "What was the first state size society in the Vedic period?"
},
{
"answer": "1200 – 800 BCE",
"question": "What is the dating of the Kuru kingdom?"
},
{
"answer": "Iron Age",
"question": "At the beginning of what age are the dates of the Kuru k... |
13,201 | In addition to the Vedas, the principal texts of Hinduism, the core themes of the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are said to have their ultimate origins during this period. The Mahabharata remains, today, the longest single poem in the world. Historians formerly postulated an "epic age" as the milieu of these ... | [
{
"answer": "Vedas",
"question": "What were the principle texts of Hinduism?"
},
{
"answer": "Sanskrit",
"question": "In what language were the Vedas ?"
},
{
"answer": "Ramayana and Mahabharata",
"question": "What were the core epics of the Vedas?"
},
{
"answer": "Mahabharata... |
13,202 | During the time between 800 and 200 BCE the Shramana-movement formed, from which originated Jainism and Buddhism. In the same period the first Upanishads were written. After 500 BCE, the so-called "Second urbanization" started, with new urban settlements arising at the Ganges plain, especially the Central Ganges plain.... | [
{
"answer": "Shramana-movement",
"question": "What philosophical movement appeared during 800-200 BCE?"
},
{
"answer": "Jainism and Buddhism",
"question": "What was the origins of the Shramana movement?"
},
{
"answer": "between 800 and 200 BCE",
"question": "During what time were the... |
13,203 | In the later Vedic Age, a number of small kingdoms or city states had covered the subcontinent, many mentioned in Vedic, early Buddhist and Jaina literature as far back as 500 BCE. sixteen monarchies and "republics" known as the Mahajanapadas—Kashi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji (or Vriji), Malla, Chedi, Vatsa (or Vamsa... | [
{
"answer": "later Vedic Age",
"question": "By what age had many small states covered the subcontinent?"
},
{
"answer": "sixteen monarchies",
"question": "How many small states covered the Ganges Plain of India?"
},
{
"answer": "Mahajanapadas",
"question": "What were the sixteen king... |
13,204 | Many smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early "republics" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as early as the 6th century B... | [
{
"answer": "Vaishali",
"question": "Where was the Vajji confederation located?"
},
{
"answer": "6th century BCE",
"question": "How early did the small republic states exist in India?"
},
{
"answer": "4th century CE",
"question": "Until what century did the republic states endure in ... |
13,205 | The 7th and 6th centuries BC witnessed the composition of the earliest Upanishads. Upanishads form the theoretical basis of classical Hinduism and are known as Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas). The older Upanishads launched attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. Anyone who worships a divinity other than the Se... | [
{
"answer": "7th and 6th centuries BC",
"question": "When were the earliest Upanishads composed?"
},
{
"answer": "Hinduism",
"question": "Of what philosophical system do the Upanishads form the basis?"
},
{
"answer": "Vedanta",
"question": "What are the Upanishads called in Hinduism?... |
13,206 | Increasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this movement. Shramana gave rise to... | [
{
"answer": "orthodoxy of rituals",
"question": "What did the shramana movements challenge?"
},
{
"answer": "Mahavira",
"question": "Who was the founder of Jainism?"
},
{
"answer": "Buddha",
"question": "What prominent icon founded Buddhism? "
},
{
"answer": "Middle Way",
... |
13,207 | Magadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: "Great Countries") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to include most of Bihar and B... | [
{
"answer": "Mahā-Janapadas",
"question": "Of what was Magadha one of sixteen?"
},
{
"answer": "Great Countries",
"question": "How does the Sanskrit translate Maha-Janapadas?"
},
{
"answer": "Bihar",
"question": "Where was the center of Magadha?"
},
{
"answer": "Vedic texts",... |
13,208 | The earliest reference to the Magadha people occurs in the Atharva-Veda where they are found listed along with the Angas, Gandharis, and Mujavats. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire, originated from Magadha... | [
{
"answer": "Atharva-Veda",
"question": "Where is the earliest mention of Magadha people?"
},
{
"answer": "Jainism and Buddhism",
"question": "In the development of which religions did Magadha participate?"
},
{
"answer": "Magadha",
"question": "Where was the location origin of the M... |
13,209 | In 530 BC Cyrus the Great, King of the Persian Achaemenid Empire crossed the Hindu-Kush mountains to seek tribute from the tribes of Kamboja, Gandhara and the trans-India region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). By 520 BC, during the reign of Darius I of Persia, much of the northwestern subcontinent (present-day easte... | [
{
"answer": "Cyrus the Great",
"question": "What Persian king wanted tribute from the tribes of northern India?"
},
{
"answer": "Persian Achaemenid Empire",
"question": "By 520 BC what empire ruled the northwestern Indian subcontinent?"
},
{
"answer": "Darius I of Persia",
"question"... |
13,210 | By 326 BC, Alexander the Great had conquered Asia Minor and the Achaemenid Empire and had reached the northwest frontiers of the Indian subcontinent. There he defeated King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes (near modern-day Jhelum, Pakistan) and conquered much of the Punjab. Alexander's march east put him in confront... | [
{
"answer": "326 BC",
"question": "When did Alexander the Great reach India?"
},
{
"answer": "King Porus",
"question": "Who did Alexander defeat in the area now Pakistan?"
},
{
"answer": "Battle of the Hydaspes",
"question": "At what battle did Alexander beat King Porus?"
},
{
... |
13,211 | The Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west, it reached beyond moder... | [
{
"answer": "Maurya Empire",
"question": "What was the first empire to unify India?"
},
{
"answer": "322–185 BCE",
"question": "What was the time span of the Mauryan Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "Chandragupta Maurya",
"question": "Who formed the Maurya Empire in Magadha?"
},
{
"an... |
13,212 | The Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise was closely regulated by t... | [
{
"answer": "Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka",
"question": "What are the basic written records of the Mauryans?"
},
{
"answer": "Northern Black Polished Ware",
"question": "What is the archaeological period of the Mauryan Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "Wootz steel",
"question": "What... |
13,213 | During the Sangam period Tamil literateure flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India. The Sangam literature deals with the history, politics, wars and culture of the Tamil people ... | [
{
"answer": "Sangam period",
"question": "During what period did Tamil literature thrive?"
},
{
"answer": "3",
"question": "How many Tamil dynasties ruled during the Sangam period?"
},
{
"answer": "3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE",
"question": "What was the extent of the Sangam... |
13,216 | During the reign of Khārabēḷa, the Chedi dynasty of Kaḷinga ascended to eminence and restored the lost power and glory of Kaḷinga, which had been subdued since the devastating war with Ashoka. Kaḷingan military might was reinstated by Khārabēḷa: under Khārabēḷa's generalship, the Kaḷinga state had a formidable maritime... | [
{
"answer": "Khārabēḷa",
"question": "What Kalingan ruler brought the Chedi dynasty back into power?"
},
{
"answer": "Ashoka",
"question": "What power had previously defeated the Kalingans? "
},
{
"answer": "maritime",
"question": "In what arena was Kalinga a formidable power?"
},
... |
13,217 | The Kushan Empire expanded out of what is now Afghanistan into the northwest of the subcontinent under the leadership of their first emperor, Kujula Kadphises, about the middle of the 1st century CE. They came of an Indo-European language speaking Central Asian tribe called the Yuezhi, a branch of which was known as th... | [
{
"answer": "Afghanistan",
"question": "From what area did the Kushan Empire come?"
},
{
"answer": "Kujula Kadphises",
"question": "Who was the first ruler of the Kushan empire?"
},
{
"answer": "1st century CE",
"question": "In the middle o what century did the Kushan empire begin?"
... |
13,218 | Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, reli... | [
{
"answer": "Classical India",
"question": "By what is India under the Gupta Empire referered?"
},
{
"answer": "c. 320–550 CE",
"question": "What was the time span of the Gupta Empire?"
},
{
"answer": "Golden Age of India",
"question": "What is the period of the Gupta Empire called?"... |
13,219 | The high points of this cultural creativity are magnificent architecture, sculpture, and painting. The Gupta period produced scholars such as Kalidasa, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Vishnu Sharma, and Vatsyayana who made great advancements in many academic fields. The Gupta period marked a watershed of Indian culture: the G... | [
{
"answer": "Indian culture",
"question": "What did the Guptas promote in their reigns?"
},
{
"answer": "Buddhism",
"question": "Besides the Vedic practices, what other religion did the Guptas patronize?"
},
{
"answer": "first three rulers",
"question": "What Guptas brought much of I... |
13,221 | The Hephthalites (or Ephthalites), also known as the White Huns, were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia during the late antiquity period. The White Huns established themselves in modern-day Afghanistan by the first half of the 5th century. Led by the Hun military leader Toramana, they overran the northern region ... | [
{
"answer": "nomadic confederation",
"question": "What type of trib were the Hephthalites?"
},
{
"answer": "Central Asia",
"question": "Where did the White Huns roam?"
},
{
"answer": "Afghanistan",
"question": "In what country did the White Huns settle?"
},
{
"answer": "Pakis... |
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