id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
5,979 | Like aluminium, copper is 100% recyclable without any loss of quality, regardless of whether it is in a raw state or contained in a manufactured product. In volume, copper is the third most recycled metal after iron and aluminium. It is estimated that 80% of the copper ever mined is still in use today. According to the... | [
{
"answer": "100%",
"question": "What percent of copper is recyclable?"
},
{
"answer": "80%",
"question": "What percentage of copper that has been mined is still being used today?"
},
{
"answer": "aluminium",
"question": "What other metal besides copper is 100% recyclable?"
},
{
... |
5,980 | The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds i... | [
{
"answer": "green",
"question": "What pigment color is natural to copper?"
},
{
"answer": "highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion",
"question": "What property does the final patina on cooper have?"
},
{
"answer": "carbonate and sulfate",
"question": "What mixture of compounds is ... |
5,981 | Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for health... | [
{
"answer": "suicide attempts",
"question": "What are copper salts sometimes used for?"
},
{
"answer": "copper toxicity",
"question": "When ingested in large amounts what does copper salts produce in humans?"
},
{
"answer": "3 ppm",
"question": "What is the minimum amount of copper r... |
5,982 | Britain's first use of brass occurred around the 3rd–2nd century BC. In North America, copper mining began with marginal workings by Native Americans. Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600. Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South Ameri... | [
{
"answer": "3rd–2nd century BC",
"question": "When did Britain first use brass?"
},
{
"answer": "Native Americans",
"question": "Who were the first copper miners in North America?"
},
{
"answer": "Isle Royale",
"question": "Where was native copper extracted with primitive tools betw... |
5,983 | There are 29 isotopes of copper. 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, with 63Cu comprising approximately 69% of naturally occurring copper; they both have a spin of 3⁄2. The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours. Seven metastable isotopes have been characterized, with 68mC... | [
{
"answer": "29",
"question": "How many isotopes are there of copper?"
},
{
"answer": "63Cu and 65Cu",
"question": "What are the two stable isotopes of cooper?"
},
{
"answer": "63Cu",
"question": "Which isotope makes up about 69% of natural copper?"
},
{
"answer": "3.8 minute... |
5,984 | The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion... | [
{
"answer": "cupronickel",
"question": "What is the alloy of copper and nickel called?"
},
{
"answer": "low-denomination coins",
"question": "what is the alloy of copper and nickel used for?"
},
{
"answer": "75% copper and 25% nickel",
"question": "What is the metal composition of a ... |
5,985 | Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co... | [
{
"answer": "Polyols",
"question": "What is the name of the componds that has more than one alcohol functional group?"
},
{
"answer": "reducing sugars",
"question": "What are copper salts used to test?"
},
{
"answer": "color change",
"question": "How is the presence of sugar shown by... |
5,987 | Copper is an essential trace element in plants and animals, but not some microorganisms. The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass. Stated differently, the RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is quoted as 0.97 mg/day and as 3.0 mg/day. Copper is absorbed in the gut, then t... | [
{
"answer": "1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass",
"question": "What is the level of copper in the human body?"
},
{
"answer": "in the gut",
"question": "How is copper absorbed in humans?"
},
{
"answer": "albumin",
"question": "What is copper bound with when it is sent to the liver?"
... |
5,988 | The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica i... | [
{
"answer": "0.6%",
"question": "What is the average concentration of copper in ores?"
},
{
"answer": "sulfides",
"question": "What are most commercial ores?"
},
{
"answer": "floats on top",
"question": "What happens to the silicate slag during the flash smelting process?"
},
{
... |
5,989 | Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between ... | [
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many metals have a natural color that isn't gray?"
},
{
"answer": "orange-red",
"question": "What color is pure copper?"
},
{
"answer": "reddish tarnish",
"question": "What does copper aquire when exposed to air?"
},
{
"answer": "orange li... |
5,990 | Copper has been used since ancient times as a durable, corrosion resistant, and weatherproof architectural material. Roofs, flashings, rain gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and doors have been made from copper for hundreds or thousands of years. Copper's architectural use has been expanded in modern times to... | [
{
"answer": "architectural material",
"question": "What has copper been used for since ancient times?"
},
{
"answer": "antimicrobial indoor products",
"question": "In recent times what is one interior use copper been expanded to include?"
},
{
"answer": "low thermal movement",
"quest... |
5,991 | A psychological identity relates to self-image (one's mental model of oneself), self-esteem, and individuality. Consequently, Weinreich gives the definition "A person's identity is defined as the totality of one's self-construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one... | [
{
"answer": "A psychological identity",
"question": "Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what?"
},
{
"answer": "ethnic identity",
"question": "What aspect or type of identity does Weinreich single out?"
},
{
"answer": "identity",
"question": "What psychological conce... |
5,992 | The description or representation of individual and group identity is a central task for psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists and those of other disciplines where "identity" needs to be mapped and defined. How should one describe the identity of another, in ways which encompass both their idiosyncratic quali... | [
{
"answer": "individual and group identity",
"question": "The central task for psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists is to describe what topics?"
},
{
"answer": "Weinreich",
"question": "Who developed the ISA?"
},
{
"answer": "Identity Structure Analysis",
"question": "ISA... |
5,993 | Weinreich's identity variant similarly includes the categories of identity diffusion, foreclosure and crisis, but with a somewhat different emphasis. Here, with respect to identity diffusion for example, an optimal level is interpreted as the norm, as it is unrealistic to expect an individual to resolve all their confl... | [
{
"answer": "Weinreich's identity variant",
"question": "Identity diffusion, foreclosure, and crisis are categories of what?"
},
{
"answer": "diffused",
"question": "Those with high levels of identity diffusion are classified as what?"
},
{
"answer": "foreclosed or defensive",
"quest... |
5,994 | Anthropologists have contributed to the debate by shifting the focus of research: One of the first challenges for the researcher wishing to carry out empirical research in this area is to identify an appropriate analytical tool. The concept of boundaries is useful here for demonstrating how identity works. In the same ... | [
{
"answer": "Anthropologists",
"question": "What group has shifted the focus of research in identity?"
},
{
"answer": "an appropriate analytical tool",
"question": "What does a researcher have to identify to carry out empirical research?"
},
{
"answer": "Barth",
"question": "What res... |
5,995 | The inclusiveness of Weinreich's definition (above) directs attention to the totality of one's identity at a given phase in time, and assists in elucidating component aspects of one's total identity, such as one's gender identity, ethnic identity, occupational identity and so on. The definition readily applies to the y... | [
{
"answer": "one's total identity",
"question": "What are gender identity, ethnic identity, and occupational identity aspects of?"
},
{
"answer": "age and accumulated experiences",
"question": "How one construes oneself now and in the future differs considerably because of what 2 things?"
},
... |
5,996 | Although the self is distinct from identity, the literature of self-psychology can offer some insight into how identity is maintained (Cote & Levin 2002, p. 24). From the vantage point of self-psychology, there are two areas of interest: the processes by which a self is formed (the "I"), and the actual content of the s... | [
{
"answer": "identity",
"question": "What is distinct from the self?"
},
{
"answer": "how identity is maintained",
"question": "What can the literature of self-psychology offer insight into?"
},
{
"answer": "self-esteem",
"question": "What have theorists shown interest in relating to... |
5,997 | At a general level, self-psychology is compelled to investigate the question of how the personal self relates to the social environment. To the extent that these theories place themselves in the tradition of "psychological" social psychology, they focus on explaining an individual's actions within a group in terms of m... | [
{
"answer": "the social environment",
"question": "Self-psychology is compelled to investigate how personal self relates to what?"
},
{
"answer": "mental events and states",
"question": "What two factors are focused on when explaining an individual's actions within a group?"
},
{
"answer... |
5,998 | Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' to refer to this idea of selfhood in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which makes a person distinct from others. Identity became of more interest to anthropologists with the emergence of modern ... | [
{
"answer": "identity",
"question": "What term have Anthropologists employed to refer to the Eriksonian idea of selfhood?"
},
{
"answer": "anthropologists",
"question": "Modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970's led what group to be more interested in identity?"
},
{
... |
6,000 | The "Neo-Eriksonian" identity status paradigm emerged in later years[when?], driven largely by the work of James Marcia. This paradigm focuses upon the twin concepts of exploration and commitment. The central idea is that any individual's sense of identity is determined in large part by the explorations and commitments... | [
{
"answer": "Neo-Eriksonian",
"question": "What identity status paradigm emerged due to the work of James Marcia?"
},
{
"answer": "exploration and commitment",
"question": "The Neo-Eriksonian identity status paradigm focuses on what twin concepts?"
},
{
"answer": "any individual's sense ... |
6,001 | Many people gain a sense of positive self-esteem from their identity groups, which furthers a sense of community and belonging. Another issue that researchers have attempted to address is the question of why people engage in discrimination, i.e., why they tend to favor those they consider a part of their "in-group" ove... | [
{
"answer": "a sense of positive self-esteem",
"question": "What do many people gain from their identity groups?"
},
{
"answer": "discrimination",
"question": "People favoring those in their group over outsiders, is an example of what?"
},
{
"answer": "the social identity tradition",
... |
6,002 | The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a pre... | [
{
"answer": "a primordialist approach",
"question": "What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing?"
},
{
"answer": "social constructionist theory",
"question": "The view that identity is based on a political choice of characteristics is rooted in what theory?"
},
{
... |
6,004 | However, the formation of one's identity occurs through one's identifications with significant others (primarily with parents and other individuals during one's biographical experiences, and also with "groups" as they are perceived). These others may be benign - such that one aspires to their characteristics, values an... | [
{
"answer": "benign",
"question": "What is it called when someone aspires to the characteristics of significant others?"
},
{
"answer": "malign",
"question": "What is it called when someone wants to dissociate from the characteristics of significant others?"
},
{
"answer": "defensive con... |
6,005 | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life... | [
{
"answer": "relative weakness or relative strength",
"question": "What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments?"
},
{
"answer": "identity diffusion",
"question": "What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment?"
},
{
"answer": "identity ... |
6,007 | Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or s... | [
{
"answer": "Gender identity",
"question": "What is identified as determining how a person views him or herself to a significant degree?"
},
{
"answer": "identity",
"question": "What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of?"
},
{
"answer": "cognitive psychology... |
6,009 | Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical cont... | [
{
"answer": "Laing's",
"question": "Whose definition of identity closely follows Erikson's?"
},
{
"answer": "metaperspective of self",
"question": "One person's perception of another's perception is an example of what concept?"
},
{
"answer": "self/identity",
"question": "The person,... |
6,010 | Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social... | [
{
"answer": "Kenneth Gergen",
"question": "Who formulated the classifications of strategic manipulator, pastiche personality and the relational self?"
},
{
"answer": "The strategic manipulator",
"question": "In what classification is a person who regards all experiences are role play and becomes... |
6,011 | As a non-directive and flexible analytical tool, the concept of boundaries helps both to map and to define the changeability and mutability that are characteristic of people's experiences of the self in society. While identity is a volatile, flexible and abstract 'thing', its manifestations and the ways in which it is ... | [
{
"answer": "the concept of boundaries",
"question": "What concept helps map and define people's experiences of self in society?"
},
{
"answer": "identity",
"question": "What is a volatile, flexible, and abstract thing?"
},
{
"answer": "other social beings",
"question": "Language, dr... |
6,012 | The economy of Himachal Pradesh is currently the third-fastest growing economy in India.[citation needed] Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. This has made it one of the wealthiest places in the entire South Asia. Abundance of perennial rivers enables ... | [
{
"answer": "Himachal Pradesh",
"question": "What is the third fastest growing economy in India?"
},
{
"answer": "fourth",
"question": "What is Himachal Pradesh ranked in the highest per capita of Indian States?"
},
{
"answer": "Abundance of perennial rivers",
"question": "What enabl... |
6,014 | In the assembly elections held in November 2012, the Congress secured an absolute majority. The Congress won 36 of the 68 seats while the BJP won only 26 of the 68 seats. Virbhadra Singh was sworn-in as Himachal Pradesh's Chief Minister for a record sixth term in Shimla on 25 December 2012. Virbhadra Singh who has held... | [
{
"answer": "In the assembly elections held in November 2012",
"question": "When did Congress secure an absolute majority?"
},
{
"answer": "36 of the 68 seats",
"question": "How many seats did Congress win?"
},
{
"answer": "Virbhadra Singh",
"question": "Who was sworn in as HImachal ... |
6,015 | Himachal is extremely rich in hydro electric resources. The state has about 25% of the national potential in this respect. It has been estimated that about 20,300MW of hydro electric power can be generated in the State by constructing various major, medium, small and mini/micro hydel projects on the five river basins. ... | [
{
"answer": "hydro electric resources",
"question": "Himachal is extremely rich in?"
},
{
"answer": "Himachal",
"question": "Who is the first state in India to have every family have a bank account?"
},
{
"answer": "20,300MW",
"question": "How much hydroelectric power can be generate... |
6,016 | The state is well known for its handicrafts. The carpets, leather works, shawls, metalware, woodwork and paintings are worth appreciating. Pashmina shawls are a product that is highly in demand in Himachal and all over the country. Himachali caps are famous art work of the people. Extreme cold winters of Himachal neces... | [
{
"answer": "handicrafts",
"question": "What is the state well known for?"
},
{
"answer": "pit-loom",
"question": "The majority of all households in Himachal own a what?"
},
{
"answer": "Wool",
"question": "What is considered pure and used as a ritual cloth?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
6,017 | The history of the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh dates back to the time when the Indus valley civilisation flourished between 2250 and 1750 BCE. Tribes such as the Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars, and Kirats inhabited the region from the prehistoric era. During the Vedic period, sever... | [
{
"answer": "Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars, and Kirats",
"question": "What tribes inhibited the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh?"
},
{
"answer": "between 2250 and 1750 BCE",
"question": "What time periods did the Indus Valley civilization flourish?"
},
{
... |
6,018 | Himachal has a rich heritage of handicrafts. These include woolen and pashmina shawls, carpets, silver and metal ware, embroidered chappals, grass shoes, Kangra and Gompa style paintings, wood work, horse-hair bangles, wooden and metal utensils and various other house hold items. These aesthetic and tasteful handicraft... | [
{
"answer": "handicrafts",
"question": "What does Himachal have a rich heritage of?"
},
{
"answer": "increased",
"question": "Has the demand increased or decreased for handcrafts?"
},
{
"answer": "woolen and pashmina shawls",
"question": "What handcrafts do they include?"
},
{
... |
6,019 | A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service an... | [
{
"answer": "Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate",
"question": "Who heads the Himachal Pradesh?"
},
{
"answer": "Superintendent of Police",
"question": "Who maintains law and order?"
},
{
"answer": "the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.",... |
6,020 | The era of planning in Himachal Pradesh started 1948 along with the rest of India. The first five-year plan allocated ₹ 52.7 million to Himachal. More than 50% of this expenditure was incurred on road construction since it was felt that without proper transport facilities, the process of planning and development could ... | [
{
"answer": "1948",
"question": "When did the era of planning start in Himachal Pradesh?"
},
{
"answer": "₹ 52.7 million",
"question": "How much was allocated?"
},
{
"answer": "five-year plan",
"question": "What kind of plan was it?"
},
{
"answer": "fourth",
"question": "... |
6,021 | Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place. Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una dist... | [
{
"answer": "21st",
"question": "Where did the state place on population chart?"
},
{
"answer": "Tripura",
"question": "Who was 22nd of chart?"
},
{
"answer": "Kangra district",
"question": "Who was top ranked in population strength?"
},
{
"answer": "Lahaul Spiti",
"quest... |
6,022 | Other religions that form a small percentage are Buddhism and Sikhism. The Lahaulis of Lahaul and Spiti region are mainly Buddhists. Sikhs mostly live in towns and cities and constitute 1.16% of the state population. For example, they form 10% of the population in Una District adjoining the state of Punjab and 17% in S... | [
{
"answer": "Buddhism and Sikhism",
"question": "What other religions form a small percentage?"
},
{
"answer": "Lahaulis of Lahaul and Spiti",
"question": "Who are mainly Buddhists?"
},
{
"answer": "slightly 2.18%",
"question": "What is the Muslim population in Himachal Pradesh?"
}... |
6,024 | Due to extreme variation in elevation, great variation occurs in the climatic conditions of Himachal . The climate varies from hot and subhumid tropical in the southern tracts to, with more elevation, cold, alpine, and glacial in the northern and eastern mountain ranges. The state has areas like Dharamsala that receive... | [
{
"answer": "great variation",
"question": "What occurs in the climatic conditions of Himachal?"
},
{
"answer": "varies from hot and subhumid tropical",
"question": "What is the climate like?"
},
{
"answer": "summer, winter, and rainy season",
"question": "What three seasons does Him... |
6,025 | Himachal Pradesh is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. The legislature consists of elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by t... | [
{
"answer": "elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker who are elected by the members",
"question": "What does the Himachal legislature consist of?"
},
{
"answer": "the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence",
"question": "Who presides ... |
6,026 | Railway Himachal is famous for its narrow gauge tracks railways, one is UNESCO World Heritage Kalka-Shimla Railway and another one is Pathankot–Jogindernagar. Total length of these two tracks is 259 kilometres (161 mi). Kalka-Shimla Railway track passes through many tunnels, while Pathankot–Jogindernagar gently meander... | [
{
"answer": "its narrow gauge tracks railways",
"question": "What is Railway Himachal famous for?"
},
{
"answer": "UNESCO World Heritage Kalka-Shimla Railway and another one is Pathankot–Jogindernagar",
"question": "What are the 2 narrow gauge railways in the Railway Himachal?"
},
{
"ans... |
6,027 | Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty. After the war between Nepal and Britain, also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War (1814–1816), the British colonial government came into power and the land now comprising Himachal Pradesh became part of the Punjab Province of British India. In 1950, Himachal was dec... | [
{
"answer": "Himachal Pradesh",
"question": "Who is famous for natural beauty?"
},
{
"answer": "1814–1816",
"question": "What years was the Anglo-Gorkha War?"
},
{
"answer": "snow",
"question": "What does HIma mean in Sanskirt?"
},
{
"answer": "In the lap of Himalayas",
"... |
6,028 | Though situated in a remote part of the country, Himachal Pradesh has an active community of journalists and publishers. Several newspapers and magazines are published in more than one language, and their reach extends to almost all the Hindi-speaking states. Radio and TV have permeated significantly. Judging by the nu... | [
{
"answer": "Himachal Pradesh",
"question": "Who has an active community of journalists and publishers?"
},
{
"answer": "published in more than one language, and their reach extends to almost all the Hindi-speaking states",
"question": "What are the newspapers famous for?"
},
{
"answer":... |
6,029 | Governments have seen alternates between Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Indian National Congress (INC), no third front ever has become significant. In 2003, the state legislative assembly was won by the Indian National Congress and Virbhadra Singh was elected as the chief minister of the state. In the assembly electi... | [
{
"answer": "Virbhadra Singh",
"question": "Who was elected as chief minister of the state of India?"
},
{
"answer": "41 of the 68 seats",
"question": "How many seats did the BJP win?"
},
{
"answer": "Prem Kumar Dhumal",
"question": "Who is BJP's Chief MInister of Himachal Pradesh?"
... |
6,030 | Though the state is deficient in food grains, it has gained a lot in other spheres of agricultural production such as seed potato, ginger, vegetables, vegetable seeds, mushrooms, chicory seeds, hops, olives and fig. Seed potato is mostly grown in the Shimla, Kullu and Lahaul areas. Special efforts are being made to pro... | [
{
"answer": "seed potato, ginger, vegetables, vegetable seeds, mushrooms, chicory seeds, hops, olives and fig",
"question": "What type of agriculture is in the state?"
},
{
"answer": "Solan",
"question": "Who is the largest vegetable producing district in the state?"
},
{
"answer": "Shim... |
6,031 | Himachal was one of the few states that had remained largely untouched by external customs, largely due to its difficult terrain. With the technological advancements the state has changed very rapidly. It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states. Some of the most common... | [
{
"answer": "Himachal",
"question": "Who was largely untouched by external customs?"
},
{
"answer": "technological advancements",
"question": "What has made the state change very rapidly?"
},
{
"answer": "Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri",
"question... |
6,033 | Doordarshan is the state-owned television broadcaster. Doordarshan Shimla also provides programs in Pahari language.Multi system operators provide a mix of Nepali, Hindi, English, and international channels via cable. All India Radio is a public radio station. Private FM stations are also available in few cities like S... | [
{
"answer": "state-owned television broadcaster",
"question": "What is Doordarshan?"
},
{
"answer": "Dial-up access",
"question": "What is provided by BSNL and others throughout the state?"
},
{
"answer": "Private FM stations",
"question": "What is available in few cities?"
},
{
... |
6,034 | Himachal Pradesh is spread across valleys, and 90% of the population lives in villages and towns. However, the state has achieved 100% hygiene and practically no single house is without a toilet. The villages are well connected to roads, public health centers, and now with Lokmitra kendra using high-speed broadband. Sh... | [
{
"answer": "villages and towns",
"question": "Where do 90% of the population live in Himachal Pradesh?"
},
{
"answer": "a toilet",
"question": "No single house is without?"
},
{
"answer": "roads, public health centers, and now with Lokmitra kendra using high-speed broadband",
"quest... |
6,035 | Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of ... | [
{
"answer": "conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages",
"question": "What is nonverbal communication?"
},
{
"answer": "body language",
"question": "What is one example of nonverbal communication?"
},
{
"answer": "shaking a hand",
"question": "What is an example of a volunta... |
6,036 | Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants... | [
{
"answer": "to coordinate and organize their growth and development",
"question": "Why do fungi communicate?"
},
{
"answer": "through biochemicals of biotic origin",
"question": "How do fungi communicate with insects?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many primary signalling ... |
6,037 | Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: Message (what type of things are communicated), source / emisor / sender / encoder (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination / receiver / target / decoder (to whom), and Receiver. Wilbur Schram (1954) also indicated that... | [
{
"answer": "confer knowledge and experiences, give advice and commands, and ask questions",
"question": "What acts are included in communication between parties?"
},
{
"answer": "abilities of the group communicating",
"question": "The forms of the acts included in communication depends on what?... |
6,038 | Effective verbal or spoken communication is dependent on a number of factors and cannot be fully isolated from other important interpersonal skills such as non-verbal communication, listening skills and clarification. Human language can be defined as a system of symbols (sometimes known as lexemes) and the grammars (ru... | [
{
"answer": "a system of symbols",
"question": "What is human communication defined as?"
},
{
"answer": "during human childhood",
"question": "When does language learning primarily occur most intensively?"
},
{
"answer": "thousands",
"question": "How many human languages are there?"
... |
6,039 | Family communication study looks at topics such as family rules, family roles or family dialectics and how those factors could affect the communication between family members. Researchers develop theories to understand communication behaviors. Family communication study also digs deep into certain time periods of famil... | [
{
"answer": "family rules, family roles or family dialectics",
"question": "What is some factors in family communication that could affect communication between family members?"
},
{
"answer": "marriage, parenthood or divorce",
"question": "What are some time periods that family communication st... |
6,040 | The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Animal communication can be defined as any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal. The study of animal communication, called zoo semiotics (distinguishable from anthroposemiotics, the study ... | [
{
"answer": "any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal",
"question": "How is animal communication defined?"
},
{
"answer": "zoo semiotics",
"question": "What is the study of animal communication called?"
},
{
"answer": "anthroposemiotics",
... |
6,041 | The first major model for communication was introduced by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver for Bell Laboratories in 1949 The original model was designed to mirror the functioning of radio and telephone technologies. Their initial model consisted of three primary parts: sender, channel, and receiver. The sender was the ... | [
{
"answer": "Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver",
"question": "Who introduced the first major model for communication in 1949?"
},
{
"answer": "sender, channel, and receiver",
"question": "What did the first model for communication consist of?"
},
{
"answer": "the part of a telephone a per... |
6,042 | In a simple model, often referred to as the transmission model or standard view of communication, information or content (e.g. a message in natural language) is sent in some form (as spoken language) from an emisor/ sender/ encoder to a destination/ receiver/ decoder. This common conception of communication simply view... | [
{
"answer": "transmission model",
"question": "A simple model is also referred to as what?"
},
{
"answer": "a message in natural language",
"question": "What kind of message is sent in a simple model?"
},
{
"answer": "spoken language",
"question": "In what form is the information or ... |
6,043 | In a slightly more complex form a sender and a receiver are linked reciprocally. This second attitude of communication, referred to as the constitutive model or constructionist view, focuses on how an individual communicates as the determining factor of the way the message will be interpreted. Communication is viewed a... | [
{
"answer": "reciprocally",
"question": "How are the sender and receiver connected in a slightly more complex form of communication model?"
},
{
"answer": "constitutive model or constructionist view",
"question": "What is the model of communication in which the sender and receiver are connected ... |
6,044 | Communication is observed within the plant organism, i.e. within plant cells and between plant cells, between plants of the same or related species, and between plants and non-plant organisms, especially in the root zone. Plant roots communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil. These interacti... | [
{
"answer": "between plant cells",
"question": "What is a form of communication observed within plants?"
},
{
"answer": "roots",
"question": "What part of a plant communicates with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil?"
},
{
"answer": "vegetable fiber",
"question": "W... |
6,045 | Theories of coregulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information. Canadian media scholar Harold Innis had the theory that people use different types of media to communicate and which one they choose to use will offer different possibilities for... | [
{
"answer": "Theories of coregulation",
"question": "What describes communication as creative and dynamic rather than discrete?"
},
{
"answer": "Egypt",
"question": "What ancient civilization did Harold Innis use as an example of his theory?"
},
{
"answer": "Harold Innis",
"question"... |
6,046 | Companies with limited resources may choose to engage in only a few of these activities, while larger organizations may employ a full spectrum of communications. Since it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills, communications professionals often specialize in one or two of these areas but usually have at ... | [
{
"answer": "it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills",
"question": "Why do communications professionals typically specialize in only one or two areas of communication?"
},
{
"answer": "communications",
"question": "Good people skills is a qualification that is important to what p... |
6,047 | Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. "White" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, w... | [
{
"answer": "green",
"question": "What color are white grapes?"
},
{
"answer": "anthocyanins",
"question": "What gene makes grapes purple?"
},
{
"answer": "prolate spheroid",
"question": "What shape do grapes usually resemble?"
},
{
"answer": "fruit",
"question": "What ty... |
6,048 | The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000–8,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making ... | [
{
"answer": "6,000–8,000 years ago",
"question": "How long ago were grapes first cultivated?"
},
{
"answer": "Yeast",
"question": "What microorganisms are naturally found on a grapes skin?"
},
{
"answer": "Armenia",
"question": "Where is the oldest know winery located?"
},
{
... |
6,049 | Comparing diets among Western countries, researchers have discovered that although the French tend to eat higher levels of animal fat, the incidence of heart disease remains low in France. This phenomenon has been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benefits of regularly consuming red win... | [
{
"answer": "animal fat",
"question": "What do people in France eat more of that in most western countries?"
},
{
"answer": "red wine",
"question": "What kind of the wine is regularly consumed by the French?"
},
{
"answer": "the French paradox",
"question": "What is the phenomenon th... |
6,050 | Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In the wine indus... | [
{
"answer": "Grape juice",
"question": "What juice is made when grapes are crushed and blended?"
},
{
"answer": "fermented",
"question": "What kind of grapes are made into vinegar?"
},
{
"answer": "Concord grapes",
"question": "What is the most common grape used to make juice in Nort... |
6,051 | Red wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. Ordinary non-muscadine re... | [
{
"answer": "red wine",
"question": "What type of wine is fermented with grape skin?"
},
{
"answer": "white wine",
"question": "What type of wine is fermented after the grapes skin has been removed?"
},
{
"answer": "resveratrol",
"question": "What substance is absorbed by wine when g... |
6,052 | Commercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant differences, br... | [
{
"answer": "table grapes",
"question": "What are grapes that are eaten raw classified as?"
},
{
"answer": "wine grapes",
"question": "What are grapes that are used to make wine classified as?"
},
{
"answer": "Vitis vinifera",
"question": "What specie are table grapes and wine grapes... |
6,053 | In the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish feasts. Grapes we... | [
{
"answer": "Genesis 9:20–21",
"question": "When are grapes first mentioned in the Bible?"
},
{
"answer": "Dionysus",
"question": "Who was the Greek and Roman god of agriculture?"
},
{
"answer": "Christ",
"question": "Whose blood do grapes usually represent in Christian art?"
},
... |
6,054 | There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset See... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many seedless grape sources are there for commercial cultivators? "
},
{
"answer": "more than a dozen",
"question": "How many varieties of seedless grapes are there? "
},
{
"answer": "Vitis vinifera",
"question": "What species of grape are grown ... |
6,055 | Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple grape skin compa... | [
{
"answer": "Anthocyanins",
"question": "What are the most abundant polyphenolics in purple grapes?"
},
{
"answer": "Total phenolic content",
"question": "What is the laboratory index of antioxidant strength in grapes known as? "
},
{
"answer": "Phenolic content",
"question": "What c... |
6,056 | The Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as transubstantiatio... | [
{
"answer": "The Catholic Church",
"question": "What church uses wine to celebrate the Eucharist?"
},
{
"answer": "the Last Supper",
"question": "When was Jesus Christ known to have used wine in celebration? "
},
{
"answer": "Canon 924",
"question": "Where in the Code of Canon Law do... |
6,057 | Computer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as... | [
{
"answer": "secure procedures",
"question": "What must an operator deviate from to harm the computer?"
},
{
"answer": "cybersecurity or IT security",
"question": "What is computer security also known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Computer security",
"question": "What is the protection of inf... |
6,058 | Denial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Attackers can deny service to individual victims, such as by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victim account to be locked, or they may overload the capabilities of ... | [
{
"answer": "Denial of service attacks",
"question": "What are attacks designed to make a machine or network unavailable to its intended users?"
},
{
"answer": "the victim account to be locked",
"question": "What does deliberately entering the wrong password enough consecutive times cause?"
},... |
6,059 | If access is gained to a car's internal controller area network, it is possible to disable the brakes and turn the steering wheel. Computerized engine timing, cruise control, anti-lock brakes, seat belt tensioners, door locks, airbags and advanced driver assistance systems make these disruptions possible, and self-driv... | [
{
"answer": "a malicious compact disc in a car's stereo system",
"question": "What were researchers in 2011 able to use as a successful attack vector?"
},
{
"answer": "eavesdropping",
"question": "In cars with built-in voice recognition features, what can the onboard microphones be used for?"
... |
6,060 | However, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organised response mechanisms in place. As result, as Reuters points out: "Companies for the first time report they are losing more through electronic theft of data than physical stealing of assets". T... | [
{
"answer": "relatively few",
"question": "How many organisations are estimated to maintain computer systems with effective detection systems?"
},
{
"answer": "packet capture appliances",
"question": "What is the basic evidence gathered by that puts criminals behind bars?"
},
{
"answer":... |
6,061 | One use of the term "computer security" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems. In the 1980s the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used the "Orange Book" standards, but the current international standard ISO/IEC 15408, "Common Criteria" defines a number of progressively more str... | [
{
"answer": "computer security",
"question": "Technology that is used to implement secure operating systems is one use of what term?"
},
{
"answer": "Evaluation Assurance Levels",
"question": "What does EAL stand for?"
},
{
"answer": "Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed",
"que... |
6,062 | China's network security and information technology leadership team was established February 27, 2014. The leadership team is tasked with national security and long-term development and co-ordination of major issues related to network security and information technology. Economic, political, cultural, social and milita... | [
{
"answer": "February 27, 2014",
"question": "When was Chine's network security and information technology leadership team established?"
},
{
"answer": "enhanced national security capabilities.",
"question": "What is the reason for studying the promotion of national network security ad informati... |
6,063 | Eavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation, typically between hosts on a network. For instance, programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight have been used by the FBI and NSA to eavesdrop on the systems of internet service providers. Even machines that operate as a closed system (i.e... | [
{
"answer": "Eavesdropping",
"question": "What is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation?"
},
{
"answer": "hosts on a network",
"question": "Conversations that people eavesdrop on are typically between who?"
},
{
"answer": "the FBI and NSA",
"question": "Who h... |
6,064 | Desktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity trackers have also become... | [
{
"answer": "malware",
"question": "What are desktop computers and laptops commonly infected with?"
},
{
"answer": "malware",
"question": "Constructing a botnet to attack another target is an example of the activity of what?"
},
{
"answer": "Quantified Self devices",
"question": "Act... |
6,065 | Within computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indirectly allowing restricted ... | [
{
"answer": "access control lists",
"question": "What does ACL stand for?"
},
{
"answer": "enforcing privilege separation",
"question": "ACLs and capability based security are two security models capable of what?"
},
{
"answer": "the confused deputy problem",
"question": "A host comp... |
6,066 | In 1994, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified crackers into the Rome Laboratory, the US Air Force's main command and research facility. Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities. The intruders were able to obtai... | [
{
"answer": "1994",
"question": "In what year did over a hundred intrusions made into the Rome Laboraroty?"
},
{
"answer": "Using trojan horses",
"question": "How were hackers able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems?"
},
{
"answer": "by posing as a trusted Rome ce... |
6,067 | In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to prove their point, and thre... | [
{
"answer": "July of 2015",
"question": "When did The Impact Team successfully breach Ashley Madison?"
},
{
"answer": "Avid Life Media",
"question": "What is the name of the parent company that created Ashley Madison?"
},
{
"answer": "After the second data dump",
"question": "When di... |
6,068 | The question of whether the government should intervene or not in the regulation of the cyberspace is a very polemical one. Indeed, for as long as it has existed and by definition, the cyberspace is a virtual space free of any government intervention. Where everyone agree that an improvement on cybersecurity is more th... | [
{
"answer": "a crucial need for regulation",
"question": "According to goverment officials, what has the failure of the private sector to solve efficiently the cybersecurity problem created?"
},
{
"answer": "San Francisco",
"question": "Where was the RSA Security Conference held?"
},
{
"... |
6,069 | On October 3, 2010, Public Safety Canada unveiled Canada’s Cyber Security Strategy, following a Speech from the Throne commitment to boost the security of Canadian cyberspace. The aim of the strategy is to strengthen Canada’s "cyber systems and critical infrastructure sectors, support economic growth and protect Canadi... | [
{
"answer": "October 3, 2010",
"question": "When did Public Safety Canada unveil Canada's Cyber Security Strategy?"
},
{
"answer": "The Action Plan 2010–2015 for Canada's Cyber Security Strategy",
"question": "What outlines the ongoing implementation of the Cyber Security Strategy?"
},
{
... |
6,070 | Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrated that even equipment cont... | [
{
"answer": "The Internet",
"question": "What is a potential attack vector for utilities such as the power grid?"
},
{
"answer": "the Stuxnet worm",
"question": "What demonstrated equipment controlled by computers not connected to the internet can also be vulnerable?"
},
{
"answer": "201... |
6,071 | Today, computer security comprises mainly "preventive" measures, like firewalls or an exit procedure. A firewall can be defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or a network and another network, such as the Internet, and can be implemented as software running on the machine, hooking into the network st... | [
{
"answer": "\"preventive\" measures",
"question": "Firewalls and exit procedures are considered what?"
},
{
"answer": "A firewall",
"question": "What is defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or network and another network?"
},
{
"answer": "a separate machine filterin... |
6,072 | Serious financial damage has been caused by security breaches, but because there is no standard model for estimating the cost of an incident, the only data available is that which is made public by the organizations involved. "Several computer security consulting firms produce estimates of total worldwide losses attrib... | [
{
"answer": "security breaches",
"question": "What has caused serious financial damage?"
},
{
"answer": "the organizations involved",
"question": "Data made public who is available to estimate the cost of an incident?"
},
{
"answer": "$13 billion",
"question": "What is the amount of ... |
6,073 | While hardware may be a source of insecurity, such as with microchip vulnerabilities maliciously introduced during the manufacturing process, hardware-based or assisted computer security also offers an alternative to software-only computer security. Using devices and methods such as dongles, trusted platform modules, i... | [
{
"answer": "during the manufacturing process",
"question": "Microchips vulnerabilities are introduced when?"
},
{
"answer": "hardware-based or assisted computer security",
"question": "What offers an alternative to soft-ware only computer security?"
},
{
"answer": "insecurity",
"que... |
6,074 | Public Safety Canada’s Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre (CCIRC) is responsible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada’s critical infrastructure and cyber systems. The CCIRC provides support to mitigate cyber threats, technical support to respond and recover from targeted cyber attacks, and provides o... | [
{
"answer": "Canadian Cyber Incident Response Centre",
"question": "What does CCIRC stand for?"
},
{
"answer": "CCIRC",
"question": "Who is resposible for mitigating and responding to threats to Canada's critical infrastructure?"
},
{
"answer": "on the Public Safety Canada website",
... |
6,075 | This has led to new terms such as cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism. More and more critical infrastructure is being controlled via computer programs that, while increasing efficiency, exposes new vulnerabilities. The test will be to see if governments and corporations that control critical systems such as energy, communi... | [
{
"answer": "Jay Cross",
"question": "Who said \"Connectedness begets vulnerability?\""
},
{
"answer": "the Internet Time Group",
"question": "What organization does Jay Cross belong to?"
},
{
"answer": "increasing efficiency",
"question": "What is the advantage of more critical infr... |
6,076 | On September 27, 2010, Public Safety Canada partnered with STOP.THINK.CONNECT, a coalition of non-profit, private sector, and government organizations dedicated to informing the general public on how to protect themselves online. On February 4, 2014, the Government of Canada launched the Cyber Security Cooperation Prog... | [
{
"answer": "September 27, 2010",
"question": "When did Public Safety Canada partner with Stop.Think. Connect?"
},
{
"answer": "February 4, 2014",
"question": "When was the Cyber Security Cooperation Program launched by the Government of Canada?"
},
{
"answer": "Public Safety Canada",
... |
6,077 | An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to directly download data from it. They may also compromise security by making operating system modifications, installing software worms, keyloggers, or covert listening devices. Even when the system is protected by standard security measure... | [
{
"answer": "compromise security",
"question": "Installing keyloggers and making operating system modifications are examples of ways unauthorized users for what?"
},
{
"answer": "standard security measures",
"question": "Booting a tool or another operating system from a CD Rom can bypass what?"
... |
6,078 | Clickjacking, also known as "UI redress attack or User Interface redress attack", is a malicious technique in which an attacker tricks a user into clicking on a button or link on another webpage while the user intended to click on the top level page. This is done using multiple transparent or opaque layers. The attacke... | [
{
"answer": "Clickjacking",
"question": "UI redress attack or User Interface redress attack is also known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "Clickjacking",
"question": "What is a malicious technique in which an attacker tricks the user into clicking on a button or link?"
},
{
"answer": "some othe... |
6,079 | In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor time and that spread itself to other computers – the first internet "co... | [
{
"answer": "60,000",
"question": "How many computers were connected to the internet in 1988?"
},
{
"answer": "November 2, 1988",
"question": "When was the first computer worm released?"
},
{
"answer": "Robert Tappan Morris, Jr.",
"question": "Who was the first computer worm traced b... |
6,080 | In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; phys... | [
{
"answer": "a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring",
"question": "Who are Rescator?"
},
{
"answer": "40 million credit cards",
"question": "What was stolen from Target Corporation computers in 2013?"
},
{
"answer": "between 53 and 56 million",
"question": "How many credit card numbers wer... |
6,081 | Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense) Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum located in Bonn. The NCAZ closely cooperates with BSI (Federal Office for Information Security) Bundesamt für ... | [
{
"answer": "Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum",
"question": "What does NCAZ stand for?"
},
{
"answer": "national security aspects",
"question": "What does NCAZ take care of?"
},
{
"answer": "June 16, 2011",
"question": "When was NCAZ opened?"
},
{
"answer": "February 23, 2011",... |
6,082 | Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later autho... | [
{
"answer": "Orthodox",
"question": "What is the approach to Judiasm that subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation?"
},
{
"answer": "Torah",
"question": "What is the name of the book that has the laws and ethics for Orthodox Judaism?"
},
{
"answer": "Talmudic",
"question": "what ... |
6,083 | According to the New Jersey Press Association, several media entities refrain from using the term "ultra-Orthodox", including the Religion Newswriters Association; JTA, the global Jewish news service; and the Star-Ledger, New Jersey’s largest daily newspaper. The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop t... | [
{
"answer": "JTA",
"question": "What is the global Jewish news service known as?"
},
{
"answer": "\"ultra-Orthodox",
"question": "What term do media entities refrain from using?"
},
{
"answer": "the Star-Ledger",
"question": "What is New Jersey's largest daily paper?"
},
{
"a... |
6,084 | Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements, each drawing on several distinct though related philosophies, which in some combination have provided the basis for all variations of the movement today. In general, Modern Orthodoxy holds that Jewish law is normative and binding, while simultaneously att... | [
{
"answer": "Modern Orthodoxy",
"question": "What is the name of the movement that comporises a fairly broad spectrum of distinct but related philosophies? "
},
{
"answer": "People of Israel",
"question": "Who does Modern Orthodoxy assign a central role to?"
},
{
"answer": "halakha",
... |
6,085 | Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth... | [
{
"answer": "covered",
"question": "How do orthodox women dress mosly?"
},
{
"answer": "hair",
"question": "what part of their body do married women cover with a scarf?"
},
{
"answer": "kipa",
"question": "What is the Skullcap that orthodox men wear known as?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
6,086 | Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how t... | [
{
"answer": "Pentateuch",
"question": "What is the written law of the Torah known as?"
},
{
"answer": "God",
"question": "Who dictated the oral law to Moses?"
},
{
"answer": "Oral Law",
"question": "What are the detailed explanations of how to apply and interpret the laws of the writ... |
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