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"text... | context-418_23_6.mp3 | context-418_23.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Birds are tetrachromatic, possessing ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cone cells in the eye as well as green, red and blue ones. | Birds are tetrachromatic, possessing ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cone cells in the eye as well as green, red and blue ones. | question-418_23_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What is tetrachromatic? |
573124bb497a881900248bb7 | Bird | The nervous system is large relative to the bird's size. The most developed part of the brain is the one that controls the flight-related functions, while the cerebellum coordinates movement and the cerebrum controls behaviour patterns, navigation, mating and nest building. Most birds have a poor sense of smell with no... | Why do birds need to perceive ultraviolet light? | {
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573124bb497a881900248bb8 | Bird | The nervous system is large relative to the bird's size. The most developed part of the brain is the one that controls the flight-related functions, while the cerebellum coordinates movement and the cerebrum controls behaviour patterns, navigation, mating and nest building. Most birds have a poor sense of smell with no... | What regulates breeding activities? | {
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573125a9e6313a140071cc86 | Bird | Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ... | What covers the eye and acts as a contact lens in many aquatic birds? | {
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573125a9e6313a140071cc87 | Bird | Many birds show plumage patterns in ultraviolet that are invisible to the human eye; some birds whose sexes appear similar to the naked eye are distinguished by the presence of ultraviolet reflective patches on their feathers. Male blue tits have an ultraviolet reflective crown patch which is displayed in courtship by ... | What is the fan shaped blood supply system in a bird's retina? | {
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5731339ae6313a140071cd0c | Bird | A dearth of field observations limit our knowledge, but intraspecific conflicts are known to sometimes result in injury or death. The screamers (Anhimidae), some jacanas (Jacana, Hydrophasianus), the spur-winged goose (Plectropterus), the torrent duck (Merganetta) and nine species of lapwing (Vanellus) use a sharp spur... | What is known to sometimes result in injury or death? | {
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5731339ae6313a140071cd0f | Bird | A dearth of field observations limit our knowledge, but intraspecific conflicts are known to sometimes result in injury or death. The screamers (Anhimidae), some jacanas (Jacana, Hydrophasianus), the spur-winged goose (Plectropterus), the torrent duck (Merganetta) and nine species of lapwing (Vanellus) use a sharp spur... | What do stone curlews use to punch and hammer opponents? | {
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5731e292b9d445190005e622 | Bird | Calls are used for a variety of purposes, including mate attraction, evaluation of potential mates, bond formation, the claiming and maintenance of territories, the identification of other individuals (such as when parents look for chicks in colonies or when mates reunite at the start of breeding season), and the warni... | What do some birds use for auditory communication? | {
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57320abbb9d445190005e779 | Bird | The high metabolic rates of birds during the active part of the day is supplemented by rest at other times. Sleeping birds often use a type of sleep known as vigilant sleep, where periods of rest are interspersed with quick eye-opening "peeks", allowing them to be sensitive to disturbances and enable rapid escape from ... | Sleeping birds often use a type of sleep known as what? | {
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57320abbb9d445190005e77b | Bird | The high metabolic rates of birds during the active part of the day is supplemented by rest at other times. Sleeping birds often use a type of sleep known as vigilant sleep, where periods of rest are interspersed with quick eye-opening "peeks", allowing them to be sensitive to disturbances and enable rapid escape from ... | Why is communal roosting common? | {
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57320b3b0fdd8d15006c6709 | Bird | Many sleeping birds bend their heads over their backs and tuck their bills in their back feathers, although others place their beaks among their breast feathers. Many birds rest on one leg, while some may pull up their legs into their feathers, especially in cold weather. Perching birds have a tendon locking mechanism ... | These types of birds have a tendon locking mechanism. | {
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57320be2b9d445190005e78b | Bird | Ninety-five percent of bird species are socially monogamous. These species pair for at least the length of the breeding season or—in some cases—for several years or until the death of one mate. Monogamy allows for both paternal care and biparental care, which is especially important for species in which females require... | What do female birds have that allow sperm from males to remain viable long after copulation? | {
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57320be2b9d445190005e78a | Bird | Ninety-five percent of bird species are socially monogamous. These species pair for at least the length of the breeding season or—in some cases—for several years or until the death of one mate. Monogamy allows for both paternal care and biparental care, which is especially important for species in which females require... | What is extra-pair copulation? | {
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57320be2b9d445190005e78c | Bird | Ninety-five percent of bird species are socially monogamous. These species pair for at least the length of the breeding season or—in some cases—for several years or until the death of one mate. Monogamy allows for both paternal care and biparental care, which is especially important for species in which females require... | Why do males that engage in extra-pair copulation closely guard their mates? | {
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57320cb40fdd8d15006c6719 | Bird | Breeding usually involves some form of courtship display, typically performed by the male. Most displays are rather simple and involve some type of song. Some displays, however, are quite elaborate. Depending on the species, these may include wing or tail drumming, dancing, aerial flights, or communal lekking. Females ... | Which gender typically performs some form of courtship display? | {
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57320cb40fdd8d15006c671b | Bird | Breeding usually involves some form of courtship display, typically performed by the male. Most displays are rather simple and involve some type of song. Some displays, however, are quite elaborate. Depending on the species, these may include wing or tail drumming, dancing, aerial flights, or communal lekking. Females ... | Which gender generally drive partner selection?: | {
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57320cb40fdd8d15006c671c | Bird | Breeding usually involves some form of courtship display, typically performed by the male. Most displays are rather simple and involve some type of song. Some displays, however, are quite elaborate. Depending on the species, these may include wing or tail drumming, dancing, aerial flights, or communal lekking. Females ... | Generally, when is courtship feeding and billing performed between partners? | {
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57320e760fdd8d15006c6721 | Bird | All birds lay amniotic eggs with hard shells made mostly of calcium carbonate. Hole and burrow nesting species tend to lay white or pale eggs, while open nesters lay camouflaged eggs. There are many exceptions to this pattern, however; the ground-nesting nightjars have pale eggs, and camouflage is instead provided by t... | What kind of eggs to all birds lay? | {
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57320e760fdd8d15006c6722 | Bird | All birds lay amniotic eggs with hard shells made mostly of calcium carbonate. Hole and burrow nesting species tend to lay white or pale eggs, while open nesters lay camouflaged eggs. There are many exceptions to this pattern, however; the ground-nesting nightjars have pale eggs, and camouflage is instead provided by t... | All birds lay eggs with hard shells made mostly out of what? | {
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57320e760fdd8d15006c6724 | Bird | All birds lay amniotic eggs with hard shells made mostly of calcium carbonate. Hole and burrow nesting species tend to lay white or pale eggs, while open nesters lay camouflaged eggs. There are many exceptions to this pattern, however; the ground-nesting nightjars have pale eggs, and camouflage is instead provided by t... | What type of birds lay white or pale eggs? | {
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57320e760fdd8d15006c6723 | Bird | All birds lay amniotic eggs with hard shells made mostly of calcium carbonate. Hole and burrow nesting species tend to lay white or pale eggs, while open nesters lay camouflaged eggs. There are many exceptions to this pattern, however; the ground-nesting nightjars have pale eggs, and camouflage is instead provided by t... | What kind of eggs do open nesters lay? | {
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57320f26e17f3d140042264f | Bird | Bird eggs are usually laid in a nest. Most species create somewhat elaborate nests, which can be cups, domes, plates, beds scrapes, mounds, or burrows. Some bird nests, however, are extremely primitive; albatross nests are no more than a scrape on the ground. Most birds build nests in sheltered, hidden areas to avoid p... | Where do birds usually lay their eggs? | {
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"... | context-418_46_5.mp3 | context-418_46.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Incubation periods range from 10 days (in woodpeckers, cuckoos and passerine birds) to over 80 days (in albatrosses and kiwis). | Incubation periods range from ten days (in woodpeckers, cuckoos and passerine birds) to over eighty days (in albatrosses and kiwis). | question-418_46_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | How many days is the incubation period for woodpeckers? |
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57321029e99e3014001e64bc | Bird | The length and nature of parental care varies widely amongst different orders and species. At one extreme, parental care in megapodes ends at hatching; the newly hatched chick digs itself out of the nest mound without parental assistance and can fend for itself immediately. At the other extreme, many seabirds have exte... | When does parental care end in megapodes? | {
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57321029e99e3014001e64bd | Bird | The length and nature of parental care varies widely amongst different orders and species. At one extreme, parental care in megapodes ends at hatching; the newly hatched chick digs itself out of the nest mound without parental assistance and can fend for itself immediately. At the other extreme, many seabirds have exte... | What type of seabird has the longest period of parental care? | {
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"t... | context-418_47_2.mp3 | context-418_47.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | At the other extreme, many seabirds have extended periods of parental care, the longest being that of the great frigatebird, whose chicks take up to six months to fledge and are fed by the parents for up to an additional 14 months. | At the other extreme, many seabirds have extended periods of parental care, the longest being that of the great frigatebird, whose chicks take up to six months to fledge and are fed by the parents for up to an additional fourteen months. | question-418_47_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What type of seabird has the longest period of parental care? |
57321029e99e3014001e64be | Bird | The length and nature of parental care varies widely amongst different orders and species. At one extreme, parental care in megapodes ends at hatching; the newly hatched chick digs itself out of the nest mound without parental assistance and can fend for itself immediately. At the other extreme, many seabirds have exte... | What is the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is always present at the nest? | {
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"... | context-418_47_3.mp3 | context-418_47.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | The chick guard stage describes the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is permanently present at the nest after chicks have hatched. | The chick guard stage describes the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is permanently present at the nest after chicks have hatched. | question-418_47_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What is the period of breeding during which one of the adult birds is always present at the nest? |
57321138e17f3d1400422657 | Bird | In some species, both parents care for nestlings and fledglings; in others, such care is the responsibility of only one sex. In some species, other members of the same species—usually close relatives of the breeding pair, such as offspring from previous broods—will help with the raising of the young. Such alloparenting... | Alloparenting is particulary common with what species? | {
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"te... | context-418_48_2.mp3 | context-418_48.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Such alloparenting is particularly common among the Corvida, which includes such birds as the true crows, Australian magpie and fairy-wrens, but has been observed in species as different as the rifleman and red kite. | Such alloparenting is particularly common among the Corvida, which includes such birds as the true crows, Australian magpie and fairy-wrens, but has been observed in species as different as the rifleman and red kite. | question-418_48_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Alloparenting is particulary common with what species? |
57321138e17f3d1400422658 | Bird | In some species, both parents care for nestlings and fledglings; in others, such care is the responsibility of only one sex. In some species, other members of the same species—usually close relatives of the breeding pair, such as offspring from previous broods—will help with the raising of the young. Such alloparenting... | True crows belong to what group? | {
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57321138e17f3d1400422659 | Bird | In some species, both parents care for nestlings and fledglings; in others, such care is the responsibility of only one sex. In some species, other members of the same species—usually close relatives of the breeding pair, such as offspring from previous broods—will help with the raising of the young. Such alloparenting... | What is more common in birds than any other vertebrate class? | {
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"t... | context-418_48_3.mp3 | context-418_48.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Among most groups of animals, male parental care is rare. | Among most groups of animals, male parental care is rare. | question-418_48_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What is more common in birds than any other vertebrate class? |
573212130fdd8d15006c6751 | Bird | The point at which chicks fledge varies dramatically. The chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets, like the ancient murrelet, leave the nest the night after they hatch, following their parents out to sea, where they are raised away from terrestrial predators. Some other species, such as ducks, move their chicks away f... | Which chicks leave the nest the night after they hatch? | {
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"te... | context-418_49_1.mp3 | context-418_49.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets, like the ancient murrelet, leave the nest the night after they hatch, following their parents out to sea, where they are raised away from terrestrial predators. | The chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets, like the ancient murrelet, leave the nest the night after they hatch, following their parents out to sea, where they are raised away from terrestrial predators. | question-418_49_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Which chicks leave the nest the night after they hatch? |
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