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573212130fdd8d15006c6752 | Bird | The point at which chicks fledge varies dramatically. The chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets, like the ancient murrelet, leave the nest the night after they hatch, following their parents out to sea, where they are raised away from terrestrial predators. Some other species, such as ducks, move their chicks away f... | Name a species which move their chicks away from the nest at an early age. | {
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"... | context-418_49_2.mp3 | context-418_49.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Some other species, such as ducks, move their chicks away from the nest at an early age. | Some other species, such as ducks, move their chicks away from the nest at an early age. | question-418_49_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Name a species which move their chicks away from the nest at an early age. |
573212130fdd8d15006c6753 | Bird | The point at which chicks fledge varies dramatically. The chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets, like the ancient murrelet, leave the nest the night after they hatch, following their parents out to sea, where they are raised away from terrestrial predators. Some other species, such as ducks, move their chicks away f... | When do most species of chicks leave the nest? | {
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573212a3e17f3d1400422663 | Bird | Brood parasitism, in which an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood, is more common among birds than any other type of organism. After a parasitic bird lays her eggs in another bird's nest, they are often accepted and raised by the host at the expense of the host's own brood. Brood parasites may be ... | What is it called when an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood? | {
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... | context-418_50_0.mp3 | context-418_50.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Brood parasitism, in which an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood, is more common among birds than any other type of organism. | Brood parasitism, in which an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood, is more common among birds than any other type of organism. | question-418_50_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What is it called when an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood? |
573212a3e17f3d1400422664 | Bird | Brood parasitism, in which an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood, is more common among birds than any other type of organism. After a parasitic bird lays her eggs in another bird's nest, they are often accepted and raised by the host at the expense of the host's own brood. Brood parasites may be ... | How many bird species are obligate parasites? | {
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573212a3e17f3d1400422665 | Bird | Brood parasitism, in which an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood, is more common among birds than any other type of organism. After a parasitic bird lays her eggs in another bird's nest, they are often accepted and raised by the host at the expense of the host's own brood. Brood parasites may be ... | What type of birds lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output? | {
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... | context-418_50_2.mp3 | context-418_50.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Brood parasites may be either obligate brood parasites, which must lay their eggs in the nests of other species because they are incapable of raising their own young, or non-obligate brood parasites, which sometimes lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output even though they could have ... | Brood parasites may be either obligate brood parasites, which must lay their eggs in the nests of other species because they are incapable of raising their own young, or non-obligate brood parasites, which sometimes lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output even though they could have ... | question-418_50_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What type of birds lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output? |
573213bde99e3014001e64d6 | Bird | Birds have evolved a variety of mating behaviors, with the peacock tail being perhaps the most famous example of sexual selection and the Fisherian runaway. Commonly occurring sexual dimorphisms such as size and color differences are energetically costly attributes that signal competitive breeding situations. Many type... | What is the most famous example of sexual selection? | {
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573213bde99e3014001e64d7 | Bird | Birds have evolved a variety of mating behaviors, with the peacock tail being perhaps the most famous example of sexual selection and the Fisherian runaway. Commonly occurring sexual dimorphisms such as size and color differences are energetically costly attributes that signal competitive breeding situations. Many type... | What is intersexual selection also known as? | {
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573214a0b9d445190005e7bf | Bird | Incestuous matings by the purple-crowned fairy wren Malurus coronatus result in severe fitness costs due to inbreeding depression (greater than 30% reduction in hatchability of eggs). Females paired with related males may undertake extra pair matings (see Promiscuity#Other animals for 90% frequency in avian species) th... | What is it called when there is greater than 30 percent reduction in hatchability of eggs? | {
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573214a0b9d445190005e7c0 | Bird | Incestuous matings by the purple-crowned fairy wren Malurus coronatus result in severe fitness costs due to inbreeding depression (greater than 30% reduction in hatchability of eggs). Females paired with related males may undertake extra pair matings (see Promiscuity#Other animals for 90% frequency in avian species) th... | What can reduce the negative effects of inbreeding? | {
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573214a0b9d445190005e7c1 | Bird | Incestuous matings by the purple-crowned fairy wren Malurus coronatus result in severe fitness costs due to inbreeding depression (greater than 30% reduction in hatchability of eggs). Females paired with related males may undertake extra pair matings (see Promiscuity#Other animals for 90% frequency in avian species) th... | What percentage of broods produced by incestuously paired females contained extra pair of young? | {
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"te... | context-418_52_3.mp3 | context-418_52.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Nevertheless, 43% of broods produced by incestuously paired females contained extra pair young. | Nevertheless, forty-three percent of broods produced by incestuously paired females contained extra pair young. | question-418_52_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What percentage of broods produced by incestuously paired females contained extra pair of young? |
573215afb9d445190005e7c5 | Bird | Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring, usually males, delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin. Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups. In genera... | What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group? | {
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573215afb9d445190005e7c6 | Bird | Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring, usually males, delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin. Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups. In genera... | What leads to the masking of deleterious recesive alleles in progeny? | {
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573215afb9d445190005e7c7 | Bird | Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring, usually males, delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin. Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups. In genera... | Why is inbreeding avoided? | {
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57321628b9d445190005e7cb | Bird | Birds occupy a wide range of ecological positions. While some birds are generalists, others are highly specialised in their habitat or food requirements. Even within a single habitat, such as a forest, the niches occupied by different species of birds vary, with some species feeding in the forest canopy, others beneath... | What type of birds generally feed by fishing, plant eating or piracy? | {
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57321628b9d445190005e7cc | Bird | Birds occupy a wide range of ecological positions. While some birds are generalists, others are highly specialised in their habitat or food requirements. Even within a single habitat, such as a forest, the niches occupied by different species of birds vary, with some species feeding in the forest canopy, others beneath... | What type of birds may be either insectivores, frugivores and nectarivores? | {
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57321628b9d445190005e7cd | Bird | Birds occupy a wide range of ecological positions. While some birds are generalists, others are highly specialised in their habitat or food requirements. Even within a single habitat, such as a forest, the niches occupied by different species of birds vary, with some species feeding in the forest canopy, others beneath... | What type of birds specialise in hunting mammals or other birds? | {
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573216f8e99e3014001e64f2 | Bird | Birds are often important to island ecology. Birds have frequently reached islands that mammals have not; on those islands, birds may fulfill ecological roles typically played by larger animals. For example, in New Zealand the moas were important browsers, as are the kereru and kokako today. Today the plants of New Zea... | What are often important to island ecology? | {
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573216f8e99e3014001e64f4 | Bird | Birds are often important to island ecology. Birds have frequently reached islands that mammals have not; on those islands, birds may fulfill ecological roles typically played by larger animals. For example, in New Zealand the moas were important browsers, as are the kereru and kokako today. Today the plants of New Zea... | In New Zealand, what were important browsers, as the kereru and kokako are today? | {
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573217840fdd8d15006c6786 | Bird | Since birds are highly visible and common animals, humans have had a relationship with them since the dawn of man. Sometimes, these relationships are mutualistic, like the cooperative honey-gathering among honeyguides and African peoples such as the Borana. Other times, they may be commensal, as when species such as th... | What is it called when the house sparrow has benefited from human activity? | {
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573217840fdd8d15006c6785 | Bird | Since birds are highly visible and common animals, humans have had a relationship with them since the dawn of man. Sometimes, these relationships are mutualistic, like the cooperative honey-gathering among honeyguides and African peoples such as the Borana. Other times, they may be commensal, as when species such as th... | Why have humans had a relationship with birds since the dawn of man? | {
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573218720fdd8d15006c6795 | Bird | Domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs, called poultry, are the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans; in 2003, 76 million tons of poultry and 61 million tons of eggs were produced worldwide. Chickens account for much of human poultry consumption, though domesticated turkeys, ducks, and geese are also r... | What are domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs? | {
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57321963e99e3014001e650c | Bird | Birds play prominent and diverse roles in religion and mythology. In religion, birds may serve as either messengers or priests and leaders for a deity, such as in the Cult of Makemake, in which the Tangata manu of Easter Island served as chiefs or as attendants, as in the case of Hugin and Munin, the two common ravens ... | What play prominent roles in religion and mythology? | {
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57321a39e99e3014001e651c | Bird | Birds have featured in culture and art since prehistoric times, when they were represented in early cave paintings. Some birds have been perceived as monsters, including the mythological Roc and the Māori's legendary Pouākai, a giant bird capable of snatching humans. Birds were later used as symbols of power, as in the... | When were birds represented in early cave paintings? | {
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573117c505b4da19006bcd86 | Qing_dynasty | The Qing dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: Qīng Cháo; Wade–Giles: Ch'ing Ch'ao; IPA: [tɕʰíŋ tʂʰɑ̌ʊ̯]), officially the Great Qing (Chinese: 大清; pinyin: Dà Qīng), also called the Empire of the Great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoratio... | What was the last Chinese dynasty? | {
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... | context-419_0_0.mp3 | context-419_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | The Qing dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: Qīng Cháo; Wade–Giles: Ch'ing Ch'ao; IPA: [tɕʰíŋ tʂʰɑ̌ʊ̯]), officially the Great Qing (Chinese: 大清; pinyin: Dà Qīng), also called the Empire of the Great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoratio... | The Qing dynasty (Chinese: Qing Zhao ; pinyin: Qing Chao; Wade-Giles: Ch'ing Ch'ao; IPA: [tchiNG tshaU]), officially the Great Qing (Chinese: Da Qing ; pinyin: Da Qing), also called the Empire of the Great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from sixteen forty-four to nineteen tw... | question-419_0_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | When did the Manchu dynasty rule? |
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573117c505b4da19006bcd89 | Qing_dynasty | The Qing dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: Qīng Cháo; Wade–Giles: Ch'ing Ch'ao; IPA: [tɕʰíŋ tʂʰɑ̌ʊ̯]), officially the Great Qing (Chinese: 大清; pinyin: Dà Qīng), also called the Empire of the Great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoratio... | What government took over from the Manchu dynasty? | {
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573117c505b4da19006bcd8a | Qing_dynasty | The Qing dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: Qīng Cháo; Wade–Giles: Ch'ing Ch'ao; IPA: [tɕʰíŋ tʂʰɑ̌ʊ̯]), officially the Great Qing (Chinese: 大清; pinyin: Dà Qīng), also called the Empire of the Great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoratio... | What is another name for the Manchu dynasty? | {
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"text":... | context-419_0_0.mp3 | context-419_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | The Qing dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: Qīng Cháo; Wade–Giles: Ch'ing Ch'ao; IPA: [tɕʰíŋ tʂʰɑ̌ʊ̯]), officially the Great Qing (Chinese: 大清; pinyin: Dà Qīng), also called the Empire of the Great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoratio... | The Qing dynasty (Chinese: Qing Zhao ; pinyin: Qing Chao; Wade-Giles: Ch'ing Ch'ao; IPA: [tchiNG tshaU]), officially the Great Qing (Chinese: Da Qing ; pinyin: Da Qing), also called the Empire of the Great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from sixteen forty-four to nineteen tw... | question-419_0_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What is another name for the Manchu dynasty? |
57311d32a5e9cc1400cdbc25 | Qing_dynasty | The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing Jurchen clans into "Banners", military-social units. Nurhaci formed these clans into a unified entity, the subjects of which became known collectively as the Manchu pe... | Who started the Manchun dynasty? | {
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57311d32a5e9cc1400cdbc26 | Qing_dynasty | The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing Jurchen clans into "Banners", military-social units. Nurhaci formed these clans into a unified entity, the subjects of which became known collectively as the Manchu pe... | Where did this dynasty form? | {
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... | context-419_1_0.mp3 | context-419_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. | The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. | question-419_1_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Where did this dynasty form? |
57311d32a5e9cc1400cdbc27 | Qing_dynasty | The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing Jurchen clans into "Banners", military-social units. Nurhaci formed these clans into a unified entity, the subjects of which became known collectively as the Manchu pe... | Name a peasant rebel leader? | {
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"te... | context-419_1_4.mp3 | context-419_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | In 1644, peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital Beijing. | In sixteen forty-four, peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital Beijing. | question-419_1_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Name a peasant rebel leader? |
57311d32a5e9cc1400cdbc28 | Qing_dynasty | The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing Jurchen clans into "Banners", military-social units. Nurhaci formed these clans into a unified entity, the subjects of which became known collectively as the Manchu pe... | Where was the ming capital? | {
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... | context-419_1_4.mp3 | context-419_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | In 1644, peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital Beijing. | In sixteen forty-four, peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital Beijing. | question-419_1_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Where was the ming capital? |
57311d32a5e9cc1400cdbc29 | Qing_dynasty | The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing Jurchen clans into "Banners", military-social units. Nurhaci formed these clans into a unified entity, the subjects of which became known collectively as the Manchu pe... | What pass was opened to the Banner Armies? | {
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"t... | context-419_1_5.mp3 | context-419_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Rather than serve them, Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized Beijing. | Rather than serve them, Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized Beijing. | question-419_1_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What pass was opened to the Banner Armies? |
57311e26497a881900248b6d | Qing_dynasty | The reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) saw the apogee and initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy,... | What years did the Qianlong Emperor rule? | {
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... | context-419_2_0.mp3 | context-419_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) saw the apogee and initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. | The reign of the Qianlong Emperor (seventeen thirty-five-seventeen ninety-six) saw the apogee and initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. | question-419_2_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What years did the Qianlong Emperor rule? |
57311e26497a881900248b6e | Qing_dynasty | The reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) saw the apogee and initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy,... | When was the Taiping rebellion? | {
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"... | context-419_2_4.mp3 | context-419_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) and Dungan Revolt (1862–77) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some 20 million people. | The Taiping Rebellion (eighteen fifty-sixty-four) and Dungan Revolt (eighteen sixty-two-seventy-seven) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some twenty million people. | question-419_2_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | When was the Taiping rebellion? |
57311e26497a881900248b6f | Qing_dynasty | The reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) saw the apogee and initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy,... | When was the Dungan Revolt? | {
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"... | context-419_2_4.mp3 | context-419_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) and Dungan Revolt (1862–77) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some 20 million people. | The Taiping Rebellion (eighteen fifty-sixty-four) and Dungan Revolt (eighteen sixty-two-seventy-seven) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some twenty million people. | question-419_2_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | When was the Dungan Revolt? |
57311e26497a881900248b70 | Qing_dynasty | The reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) saw the apogee and initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy,... | How many people died during the Taiping Rebellion and the Dungan Revolt? | {
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"t... | context-419_2_4.mp3 | context-419_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) and Dungan Revolt (1862–77) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some 20 million people. | The Taiping Rebellion (eighteen fifty-sixty-four) and Dungan Revolt (eighteen sixty-two-seventy-seven) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some twenty million people. | question-419_2_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | How many people died during the Taiping Rebellion and the Dungan Revolt? |
57311e26497a881900248b71 | Qing_dynasty | The reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) saw the apogee and initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy,... | When was the first Sino-Japanese War? | {
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"t... | context-419_2_6.mp3 | context-419_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The initial gains in the Self-Strengthening Movement were destroyed in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895, in which the Qing lost its influence over Korea and the possession of Taiwan. | The initial gains in the Self-Strengthening Movement were destroyed in the First Sino-Japanese War of eighteen ninety-five, in which the Qing lost its influence over Korea and the possession of Taiwan. | question-419_2_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | When was the first Sino-Japanese War? |
5731213da5e9cc1400cdbc5d | Qing_dynasty | After agreeing to sign the Boxer Protocol the government then initiated unprecedented fiscal and administrative reforms, including elections, a new legal code, and abolition of the examination system. Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries competed with reformers such as Liang Qichao and monarchists such as Kang Youwei ... | What started on October 11, 1911? | {
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"te... | context-419_3_3.mp3 | context-419_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Local uprisings starting on October 11, 1911 led to the Xinhai Revolution. | Local uprisings starting on October eleven, nineteen eleven led to the Xinhai Revolution. | question-419_3_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What started on October eleven, nineteen eleven? |
5731213da5e9cc1400cdbc5e | Qing_dynasty | After agreeing to sign the Boxer Protocol the government then initiated unprecedented fiscal and administrative reforms, including elections, a new legal code, and abolition of the examination system. Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries competed with reformers such as Liang Qichao and monarchists such as Kang Youwei ... | Who was the last Qing emperor? | {
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"te... | context-419_3_4.mp3 | context-419_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Puyi, the last emperor, abdicated on February 12, 1912. | Puyi, the last emperor, abdicated on February twelve, nineteen twelve. | question-419_3_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Who was the last Qing emperor? |
5731213da5e9cc1400cdbc5f | Qing_dynasty | After agreeing to sign the Boxer Protocol the government then initiated unprecedented fiscal and administrative reforms, including elections, a new legal code, and abolition of the examination system. Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries competed with reformers such as Liang Qichao and monarchists such as Kang Youwei ... | When did he step down? | {
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"te... | context-419_3_4.mp3 | context-419_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Puyi, the last emperor, abdicated on February 12, 1912. | Puyi, the last emperor, abdicated on February twelve, nineteen twelve. | question-419_3_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | When did he step down? |
5731223aa5e9cc1400cdbc6b | Qing_dynasty | Nurhaci declared himself the "Bright Khan" of the Later Jin (lit. "gold") state in honor both of the 12–13th century Jurchen Jin dynasty and of his Aisin Gioro clan (Aisin being Manchu for the Chinese 金 (jīn, "gold")). His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in 1636. There are competing explanations on the m... | Who named himself the Bright Khan? | {
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} | context-419_4_0.mp3 | context-419_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Nurhaci declared himself the "Bright Khan" of the Later Jin (lit. | Nurhaci declared himself the "Bright Khan" of the Later Jin (lit. | question-419_4_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Who named himself the Bright Khan? |
5731223aa5e9cc1400cdbc6d | Qing_dynasty | Nurhaci declared himself the "Bright Khan" of the Later Jin (lit. "gold") state in honor both of the 12–13th century Jurchen Jin dynasty and of his Aisin Gioro clan (Aisin being Manchu for the Chinese 金 (jīn, "gold")). His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in 1636. There are competing explanations on the m... | What imagery is suggested in the Chinese characters of the dynasties new name? | {
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"te... | context-419_4_8.mp3 | context-419_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The water imagery of the new name may also have had Buddhist overtones of perspicacity and enlightenment and connections with the Bodhisattva Manjusri. | The water imagery of the new name may also have had Buddhist overtones of perspicacity and enlightenment and connections with the Bodhisattva Manjusri. | question-419_4_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What imagery is suggested in the Chinese characters of the dynasties new name? |
5731223aa5e9cc1400cdbc6c | Qing_dynasty | Nurhaci declared himself the "Bright Khan" of the Later Jin (lit. "gold") state in honor both of the 12–13th century Jurchen Jin dynasty and of his Aisin Gioro clan (Aisin being Manchu for the Chinese 金 (jīn, "gold")). His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in 1636. There are competing explanations on the m... | Who renamed the Qing dynasty in 1363? | {
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"... | context-419_4_2.mp3 | context-419_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in 1636. | His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in sixteen thirty-six. | question-419_4_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Who renamed the Qing dynasty in thirteen sixty-three? |
5731223aa5e9cc1400cdbc6e | Qing_dynasty | Nurhaci declared himself the "Bright Khan" of the Later Jin (lit. "gold") state in honor both of the 12–13th century Jurchen Jin dynasty and of his Aisin Gioro clan (Aisin being Manchu for the Chinese 金 (jīn, "gold")). His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in 1636. There are competing explanations on the m... | What language did the dynasties name come from originall? | {
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"... | context-419_4_9.mp3 | context-419_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The Manchu name daicing, which sounds like a phonetic rendering of Dà Qīng or Dai Ching, may in fact have been derived from a Mongolian word that means "warrior". | The Manchu name daicing, which sounds like a phonetic rendering of Da Qing or Dai Ching, may in fact have been derived from a Mongolian word that means "warrior". | question-419_4_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What language did the dynasties name come from originall? |
5731223aa5e9cc1400cdbc6f | Qing_dynasty | Nurhaci declared himself the "Bright Khan" of the Later Jin (lit. "gold") state in honor both of the 12–13th century Jurchen Jin dynasty and of his Aisin Gioro clan (Aisin being Manchu for the Chinese 金 (jīn, "gold")). His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty Great Qing in 1636. There are competing explanations on the m... | What Mongolian word did Qing dynasty get it's name from? | {
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"t... | context-419_4_9.mp3 | context-419_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The Manchu name daicing, which sounds like a phonetic rendering of Dà Qīng or Dai Ching, may in fact have been derived from a Mongolian word that means "warrior". | The Manchu name daicing, which sounds like a phonetic rendering of Da Qing or Dai Ching, may in fact have been derived from a Mongolian word that means "warrior". | question-419_4_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What Mongolian word did Qing dynasty get it's name from? |
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57312388e6313a140071cc74 | Qing_dynasty | The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Manchus are sometimes mistaken for a nomadic p... | What ethnic group make up the most people in China? | {
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57312388e6313a140071cc75 | Qing_dynasty | The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Manchus are sometimes mistaken for a nomadic p... | Who founded the Qing dynasty? | {
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57312388e6313a140071cc77 | Qing_dynasty | The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Manchus are sometimes mistaken for a nomadic p... | What parts of China did they come from? | {
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57312407a5e9cc1400cdbc95 | Qing_dynasty | Relocating his court from Jianzhou to Liaodong provided Nurhachi access to more resources; it also brought him in close contact with the Khorchin Mongol domains on the plains of Mongolia. Although by this time the once-united Mongol nation had long since fragmented into individual and hostile tribes, these tribes still... | Where did Nurhachi move his court to? | {
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57312407a5e9cc1400cdbc96 | Qing_dynasty | Relocating his court from Jianzhou to Liaodong provided Nurhachi access to more resources; it also brought him in close contact with the Khorchin Mongol domains on the plains of Mongolia. Although by this time the once-united Mongol nation had long since fragmented into individual and hostile tribes, these tribes still... | Where did Nurhachi move his court from? | {
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57312518497a881900248bbd | Qing_dynasty | There were too few ethnic Manchus to conquer China, so they gained strength by defeating and absorbing Mongols, but more importantly, adding Han Chinese to the Eight Banners. The Manchus had to create an entire "Jiu Han jun" (Old Han Army) due to the massive amount of Han Chinese soldiers which were absorbed into the E... | What group did the Manchus take over to add strength to their numbers? | {
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573127d505b4da19006bcdfc | Qing_dynasty | This was followed by the creation of the first two Han Banners in 1637 (increasing to eight in 1642). Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou. This final victory resulted in the surrender o... | When were the first couple Han Banners founded? | {
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57312a3b05b4da19006bce12 | Qing_dynasty | Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated... | When did a Han revolt occur? | {
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57312a3b05b4da19006bce11 | Qing_dynasty | Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated... | Where did a Han revolt occur? | {
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... | context-419_10_4.mp3 | context-419_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Due to a revolt by Han in Liaodong in 1623, Nurhachi, who previously gave concessions to conquered Han subjects in Liaodong, turned against them and ordered that they no longer be trusted; He enacted discriminatory policies and killings against them, while ordering that Han who assimilated to the Jurchen (in Jilin) bef... | Due to a revolt by Han in Liaodong in sixteen twenty-three, Nurhachi, who previously gave concessions to conquered Han subjects in Liaodong, turned against them and ordered that they no longer be trusted; He enacted discriminatory policies and killings against them, while ordering that Han who assimilated to the Jurche... | question-419_10_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Where did a Han revolt occur? |
57312a3b05b4da19006bce13 | Qing_dynasty | Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated... | What proportion of bannerman were Manchu by 1648? | {
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"text":... | context-419_10_6.mp3 | context-419_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | By 1648, less than one-sixth of the bannermen were of Manchu ancestry. | By sixteen forty-eight, less than one-sixth of the bannermen were of Manchu ancestry. | question-419_10_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What proportion of bannerman were Manchu by sixteen forty-eight? |
57312af6497a881900248bef | Qing_dynasty | Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir. As the Jurchens had traditionally "elected" their leader through a council of nobles, the Qing state did not have in place a clear succession system until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji'... | When did Hong Taiji die? | {
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57312af6497a881900248bf0 | Qing_dynasty | Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir. As the Jurchens had traditionally "elected" their leader through a council of nobles, the Qing state did not have in place a clear succession system until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji'... | Who was his heir? | {
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57312af6497a881900248bf1 | Qing_dynasty | Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir. As the Jurchens had traditionally "elected" their leader through a council of nobles, the Qing state did not have in place a clear succession system until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji'... | Who were the likely heirs? | {
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"te... | context-419_11_2.mp3 | context-419_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji' half brother Dorgon. | The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji' half brother Dorgon. | question-419_11_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Who were the likely heirs? |
57312af7497a881900248bf2 | Qing_dynasty | Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir. As the Jurchens had traditionally "elected" their leader through a council of nobles, the Qing state did not have in place a clear succession system until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji'... | Who became the emperor? | {
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"... | context-419_11_3.mp3 | context-419_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | A compromise candidate in the person of Hong Taiji's five-year-old son, Fulin, was installed as the Shunzhi Emperor, with Dorgon as regent and de facto leader of the Manchu nation. | A compromise candidate in the person of Hong Taiji's five-year-old son, Fulin, was installed as the Shunzhi Emperor, with Dorgon as regent and de facto leader of the Manchu nation. | question-419_11_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Who became the emperor? |
57312bb0497a881900248bfd | Qing_dynasty | Ming government officials fought against each other, against fiscal collapse, and against a series of peasant rebellions. They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and installation of a minor as emperor. In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zich... | Who raided Beijing in 1644? | {
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"... | context-419_12_2.mp3 | context-419_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who established a short-lived Shun dynasty. | In April sixteen forty-four, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who established a short-lived Shun dynasty. | question-419_12_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Who raided Beijing in sixteen forty-four? |
57312bb0497a881900248bfe | Qing_dynasty | Ming government officials fought against each other, against fiscal collapse, and against a series of peasant rebellions. They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and installation of a minor as emperor. In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zich... | Who was Li Zicheng? | {
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"... | context-419_12_2.mp3 | context-419_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who established a short-lived Shun dynasty. | In April sixteen forty-four, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who established a short-lived Shun dynasty. | question-419_12_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Who was Li Zicheng? |
57312bb0497a881900248c00 | Qing_dynasty | Ming government officials fought against each other, against fiscal collapse, and against a series of peasant rebellions. They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and installation of a minor as emperor. In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zich... | Who was the last Ming leader? | {
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"t... | context-419_12_3.mp3 | context-419_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The last Ming ruler, the Chongzhen Emperor, committed suicide when the city fell, marking the official end of the dynasty. | The last Ming ruler, the Chongzhen Emperor, committed suicide when the city fell, marking the official end of the dynasty. | question-419_12_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Who was the last Ming leader? |
57312bb0497a881900248bff | Qing_dynasty | Ming government officials fought against each other, against fiscal collapse, and against a series of peasant rebellions. They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and installation of a minor as emperor. In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zich... | What dynasty did Zicheng form? | {
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... | context-419_12_2.mp3 | context-419_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who established a short-lived Shun dynasty. | In April sixteen forty-four, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who established a short-lived Shun dynasty. | question-419_12_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What dynasty did Zicheng form? |
57312bb0497a881900248c01 | Qing_dynasty | Ming government officials fought against each other, against fiscal collapse, and against a series of peasant rebellions. They were unable to capitalise on the Manchu succession dispute and installation of a minor as emperor. In April 1644, the capital at Beijing was sacked by a coalition of rebel forces led by Li Zich... | How did the Chongzhen Emporer die? | {
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57312c4e497a881900248c07 | Qing_dynasty | Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. Shanhai Pass is a pivotal pass of the Great Wall, located fifty miles northeast of Beijing, and for years its defenses kept the Manchus from directly raiding the Ming cap... | How big was Li Zicheng's army? | {
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} | context-419_13_0.mp3 | context-419_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. | Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering two hundred thousand[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. | question-419_13_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | How big was Li Zicheng's army? |
57312c4e497a881900248c08 | Qing_dynasty | Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. Shanhai Pass is a pivotal pass of the Great Wall, located fifty miles northeast of Beijing, and for years its defenses kept the Manchus from directly raiding the Ming cap... | Who did Li Zicheng's army fight? | {
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... | context-419_13_0.mp3 | context-419_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. | Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering two hundred thousand[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. | question-419_13_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Who did Li Zicheng's army fight? |
57312c4e497a881900248c09 | Qing_dynasty | Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. Shanhai Pass is a pivotal pass of the Great Wall, located fifty miles northeast of Beijing, and for years its defenses kept the Manchus from directly raiding the Ming cap... | What was the name of the general at the Ming fort? | {
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... | context-419_13_2.mp3 | context-419_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Wu Sangui, caught between a rebel army twice his size and a foreign enemy he had fought for years, decided to cast his lot with the Manchus, with whom he was familiar. | Wu Sangui, caught between a rebel army twice his size and a foreign enemy he had fought for years, decided to cast his lot with the Manchus, with whom he was familiar. | question-419_13_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What was the name of the general at the Ming fort? |
57312c4e497a881900248c0a | Qing_dynasty | Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. Shanhai Pass is a pivotal pass of the Great Wall, located fifty miles northeast of Beijing, and for years its defenses kept the Manchus from directly raiding the Ming cap... | Who beat Li Zicheng's army? | {
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"t... | context-419_13_4.mp3 | context-419_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Wu and Dorgon allied in the name of avenging the death of the Chongzhen Emperor. | Wu and Dorgon allied in the name of avenging the death of the Chongzhen Emperor. | question-419_13_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Who beat Li Zicheng's army? |
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