sot_question stringlengths 42 9.8k | ds_name stringclasses 8
values | pred_label int64 0 2 | logits listlengths 3 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
['Previously we reported on the abundant existence of hepatocyte growth factor in amniotic fluid. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of hepatocyte growth factor in amniotic fluid on fetal intestinal epithelial cells.', 'Amniotic fluid samples were obtained from 22 cases at various gestational ages. The eff... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.628214120864868,
-1.0328446626663208,
2.8064517974853516
] |
['To determine whether severe, early-onset intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with abnormal umbilical venous pressure (UVP) secondary to increased placental impedance.', '42 singleton fetuses underwent fetal blood sampling from the umbilical vein during evaluation for severe, early-onset IUGR (diagnos... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9281455278396606,
-1.5932477712631226,
2.5414350032806396
] |
['To analyze the effects of patient age and treatment cycle number on the occurrence of blastocyst transfer and subsequent implantation.', 'Prospective study.', 'Department of endocrinology and reproduction.', 'All 1,099 women had day-5 transfers after IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment.', 'All patients ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.19707411527633667,
-1.5772433280944824,
0.8785433769226074
] |
['To determine whether ovarian follicular fluid (FF) stem cell factor concentrations are associated with successful IVF pregnancies.', 'Nested case-control design evaluation of stem cell factor levels from the FF of oocytes fertilized and transferred after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.', 'University-based ART pr... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1671559810638428,
-1.2518582344055176,
2.5228404998779297
] |
['Sepsis and multisystem organ failure are common after hemorrhagic shock. The aims of this study were to determine whether hemorrhagic shock would promote the translocation of bacteria and if it correlates with clinical outcome in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.', 'Twenty-six patients requiring laparotomy for bl... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7776068449020386,
-1.3896894454956055,
2.2062103748321533
] |
['There is insufficient evidence whether transplantation of the whole pancreas can reverse vascular complications associated with diabetes. In this study we investigated whether pancreatic transplantation in experimental diabetes reverses established defects in endothelium-dependent relaxation.', 'Streptozotocin-induce... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5882227420806885,
-1.2058711051940918,
2.8156251907348633
] |
['The effects of alpha-trinositol (1D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-triphosphate, IP3) on burn-induced edema formation were investigated.', 'Lymph flow (QL; microliter/min) and lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (CL/CP) were monitored in groups of five to six dogs before and 4 hours after (1) a 5-second 100 degrees C or 90 degrees C f... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.9154071807861328,
-1.841966152191162,
1.6989045143127441
] |
['A comparison of the electrical thresholds required to evoke myogenic responses from direct stimulation of normal and chronically compressed nerve roots.', 'To determine whether intraoperative electromyographic testing to confirm the integrity of instrumented pedicles should be performed at higher stimulus intensities... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.76066255569458,
-0.7648708820343018,
2.626878261566162
] |
['To characterize the responsiveness of the colon to neural stimulation following acute exposure of rats to gamma-radiation and to correlate observed changes to a number of parameters.', 'Rats were exposed to 5 or 10 Gy 137Cs gamma-radiation or not (sham-irradiated) and studied at 1, 3 and 7 days after irradiation. Str... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6885385513305664,
-0.9825364947319031,
2.7436022758483887
] |
['To determine whether a puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique of prostatic apical dissection provided improved urinary continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy.', 'A total of 43 men with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (standard apical dissection in 25, pubop... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.40589439868927,
-1.5995419025421143,
2.0010664463043213
] |
['Conventional roller pump apulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was compared with computer-controlled pulsatile bypass, which was designed to recreate biological variability (return of beat-to-beat variability in rate and pressure with superimposed respiratory rhythms). The degree of jugular venous oxygen saturation... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5738636255264282,
-1.7120232582092285,
2.193936586380005
] |
['Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is characterized by the systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the interleukins 1 and 6, as well as endogenous antiinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10). Glucocorticoids reduce tumor necrosis factor-alpha plasma concentrat... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1317079067230225,
-1.5102752447128296,
2.620818614959717
] |
['Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a wide variety of biological activities in the protection of gastric mucosa against acute injury and the healing of gastric ulcer. However, the molecular basis of the EGF action remains unknown. EGF-induced activation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was examined, because ODC is a ke... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5028345584869385,
-1.1152632236480713,
2.639693021774292
] |
['The authors investigated whether fornical epithelium displays a differential in vivo response to acute and chronic stimulation when compared with bulbar and palpebral epithelia.', 'To induce an increase in epithelial proliferation, 0.5% phorbol myristate (TPA) was topically applied in petrolatum daily to both eyes of... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.043727159500122,
-1.5454316139221191,
2.621436834335327
] |
['The adverse effects of sustained elevated intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) on cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal systems have been well documented by several reported experimental and clinical studies. Alteration in the splanchnic circulation has also been reported in animal experiments, but details of the exact hemod... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.056089162826538,
-1.4767050743103027,
2.6187849044799805
] |
['p27 is an inhibitor of the cell cycle with potential tumor suppressor function. Decreased levels of p27 protein expression have been correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast and colorectal carcinomas. Although as many as a third of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer will have relapse aft... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.073354959487915,
-1.3203179836273193,
2.448709011077881
] |
['The incidence of acute rejection and the morbidity of systemic cyclosporine (INN: cyclosporine) after lung transplantation is significant. Experimental evidence suggests that the allograft locally modulates the immune mechanisms of acute rejection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aerosolized cyclos... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0008528232574463,
-1.5834437608718872,
2.603673219680786
] |
['Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])-induced systemic organ injury leads to disruption of normal systemic organ metabolic processes, which are manifest clinically by signs of accelerated anaerobic metabolism (e.g., tissue acidosis and hyperlactatemia) and altered VO2-DO2 relationships. The association of increased an... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.042072057723999,
-1.5300925970077515,
2.5599770545959473
] |
['The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between interleukin (IL) 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), IL-1, and IL-6 levels in patients with septic shock and relate these cytokine levels to the development of organ failure.', 'In 11 patients with septic shock of recent onset, blood was sampled f... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.7892022132873535,
-1.5712412595748901,
1.3207192420959473
] |
['To investigate differences in viral and proviral load between the peripheral blood and the intestinal mucosal immune system in HIV-infected patients.', 'HIV-1 p24 and HIV DNA content were compared in blood samples and intestinal biopsies from HIV-infected patients.', 'Intestinal biopsies and peripheral blood were sim... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8111730813980103,
-1.5065196752548218,
2.3988778591156006
] |
['A culture model was used to examine the development of tight junctions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).', 'Chick RPE was isolated on embryonic day 7 (E7), E10 or E14 and cultured on laminin-coated filters. Barrier properties were stimulated with E14 retinal conditioned medium. Morphology was characterized by ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4115073680877686,
-1.2049791812896729,
2.723360300064087
] |
['Interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) is expressed exclusively and to high levels in photoreceptive cells. This study was an attempt to delineate the minimal regulated control region of the murine IRBP promoter involved in this expression pattern.', "Fragments of the mouse IRBP 5' flanking region were te... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1921286582946777,
-1.3283846378326416,
2.5588021278381348
] |
['To test the effects of disruption of a conserved proline in the green cone opsin molecule on light-activated isomerization, transducin activation, protein accumulation, glycosylation, and transport.', 'Stable cell lines were established by transfecting EBNA-293 cells with a plasmid containing wild-type or mutant (P30... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.590532064437866,
-1.0908551216125488,
2.69486403465271
] |
['To compare the safety and efficacy of recombinant FSH (follitropin beta, Puregon; NV Organon, Oss, the Netherlands) and urinary FSH (urofollitropin, Metrodin; Ares-Serono, Geneva, Switzerland).', 'A prospective, multicenter, assessor-blind, randomized, clinical trial.', 'Twelve European infertility clinics.', 'One hu... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9352513551712036,
-1.54618239402771,
2.4830832481384277
] |
['Mechanisms that maintain the close coupling between the formation of photoreceptor disk membranes and the displacement of disk membranes toward the pigment epithelium are poorly understood. This study was designed to determine whether the axial displacement of disk membranes requires the assembly and insertion of new... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.714736223220825,
-0.7805060744285583,
2.544161319732666
] |
['Following corneal wounding, early migration of keratocytes into the wound area is of pivotal importance in the healing process, but the nature of this migration is not well understood. The influence of peptide growth factors on the chemotactic and chemokinetic migration of human corneal keratocytes was investigated, ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1924374103546143,
-1.404531478881836,
2.6425070762634277
] |
['Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent convulsions in preeclamptic women. It acts as a calcium antagonist but may also stimulate prostacyclin. Because magnesium sulfate readily crosses the placenta, we evaluated whether it might have a beneficial effect on placental blood flow.', 'Isolated human placental cotyledons (n... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9327330589294434,
-1.6175670623779297,
2.544512987136841
] |
['This study was conducted to examine whether detection of atherosclerotic aortic plaque by multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography could predict the absence or presence of significant coronary artery disease in young and elderly valvular patients.', 'Clinical and angiographic features and transoesophageal echocar... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9578227996826172,
-1.408557653427124,
2.3805012702941895
] |
['Schizophrenia is associated with central (sagittal) midline reductions of the P300 cognitive event-related potential and topographic asymmetry of P300, with reduced left temporal voltage. This P300 asymmetry is, in turn, linked to tissue volume asymmetry in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. However, it is unknow... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9201016426086426,
-1.0040243864059448,
1.9465893507003784
] |
['We examined whether nicorandil reduces myocardial infarct size (1) when administered before ischemia, and (2) when administered before reperfusion, and whether (3) infarct size is influenced by the plasma nicorandil concentration and the opening of the K(ATP) channel. Anesthetized open-chest Japanese white male rabbi... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4201496839523315,
-1.7908778190612793,
2.167349100112915
] |
['An evaluation of autonomic reactivity may help to predict circulatory responses to intubation. The relation between the magnitude of the skin vasomotor reflex (SVmR) immediately before laryngoscopy and the circulatory responses to intubation was examined.', 'Forty-four adult patients (classified as American Society o... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8837127685546875,
-1.4839985370635986,
2.3663787841796875
] |
['We tested the hypothesis that trophoblast produces 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and its level is elevated in trophoblast from preeclamptic women compared with normal. We also used selective enzymatic inhibitors to determine the relative contributions of 15-lipoxygenase and the two isozymes of prostaglandin H synt... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4641830921173096,
-1.2439281940460205,
2.760404109954834
] |
['Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastritis and peptic ulcer, seems to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma. Thus our aim was to examine whether H. pylori influences DNA synthesis in epithelial cells in vitro.', 'Sonicated and water extracts of H. pylori (cytotoxic strains NC... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9023181200027466,
-1.4195215702056885,
2.3966729640960693
] |
['Bone mass and fall propensity are two major risk factors for hip fracture. Our intent was to determine if weight-bearing exercises with added resistance from weighted vests would improve dynamic balance, muscle strength and power, and bone mass in postmenopausal women, thereby reducing risk for falls and hip fracture... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2334156036376953,
-0.7713364958763123,
2.107361316680908
] |
['Overexpression of the c-myc oncoprotein has been observed to be of prognostic significance in several human cancers. This study was undertaken to establish whether c-myc has any prognostic significance in melanoma.', 'Expression of c-myc oncoprotein was studied in a prospective series of primary and secondary maligna... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.516162395477295,
-1.1818429231643677,
2.796821117401123
] |
["From July 1984 to July 1995, 99 pediatric patients underwent 127 orthotopic liver transplants (OLT) at the University of Wisconsin Children's Hospital. The patients were divided into four groups according to age at time of transplant: group I, 0 to 6 months (n = 20); group II, 6 to 12 months (n = 18); group III, 1 to... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.06102454662322998,
-2.020174264907837,
0.960075855255127
] |
['Intestinal trefoil factor is a mucosa associated trefoil peptide expressed predominantly in the goblet cells of the small and large intestine. The aim of this work was to investigate the expression of the intestinal trefoil factor gene in human colorectal cancers.', 'The expression of intestinal trefoil factor mRNA w... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.431755542755127,
-1.0070945024490356,
2.5374584197998047
] |
['To apply an enzymatic method for assaying uric acid in serum based on the uricase (EC 1.7.3.3)-catalase (EC 1.11.1.6)-formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FADH, EC 1.2.1.46) coupled with the new tetrazolium salt producing a water-soluble formazan dye as an indicator system. Unlike the traditional tetrazolium salts, e.g., iodo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.911879539489746,
-1.506737232208252,
2.5402894020080566
] |
['The objective of this study was to establish the identity of a protein found in high concentrations in squamous metaplasia of the bladder.', 'The protein was isolated and subjected to a series of physical, chemical, and catalytic studies.', 'In the normal urothelium the protein was confined to a juxtanuclear pattern ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5465004444122314,
-1.188805341720581,
2.827188014984131
] |
['Evaluate the ability of two bone alkaline phosphatase (ALPB) immunoassays (Ostase, Hybritech Inc and Alkphase-B, Metra Biosystems) to clinically differentiate between osseous and non-osseous ALP sources.', "Specimens from patients with either liver or bone disease (Paget's disease or metastatic cancer) were analyzed ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6439682245254517,
-1.3939272165298462,
2.0538816452026367
] |
['The lung expresses large amounts of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), which catalyzes a step in the biosynthesis of potent vasoactive endothelin-1 (ET-1) from the inactive intermediate big ET-1. Because there has been no report concerning a possible relationship between ET-1 and ECE-1, we investigated the effec... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.475033760070801,
-1.187791109085083,
2.6924009323120117
] |
['Because the vascular endothelium is exposed to oxidant stress resulting from ischemia/reperfusion and from the products of polymorphonuclear leukocytes or monocytes, studies were performed to examine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (1 micromol/L to 10 mmol/L) on endothelial Ca2+ signaling.', 'At low concentrations (1... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.850216269493103,
-1.5371373891830444,
2.3372108936309814
] |
['To characterize neuropeptide distribution in the ciliary ganglion of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).', 'Cryostat tissue sections of fixed rhesus monkey ciliary, pterygopalatine, superior cervical, and trigeminal ganglia were incubated with antisera to neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), sub... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.391528844833374,
-1.371408462524414,
2.8098104000091553
] |
['The interstitial cell (IC) network may be of fundamental importance in regulating gastrointestinal motility. Intestinal smooth muscle cells are depolarized in the absence of ICs, and there are no spontaneous slow waves. The messenger molecules between IC network and smooth muscle are unknown. Exogenous administration... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.514803171157837,
-1.1399052143096924,
2.8064541816711426
] |
['The p53 and BAX genes have been linked to apoptosis. p53 was not frequently found to be mutated in colorectal carcinomas with a microsatellite mutator phenotype, but frame-shift mutations in a tract of eight guanines within BAX were frequently found in these carcinomas. To understand the roles of these genes in hered... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1697380542755127,
-1.3611559867858887,
2.538832187652588
] |
['Twenty children with cerebral palsy who underwent elongation of the triceps surae using successive plaster-casts (28 short triceps) were reviewed. This study was retrospective.', 'Among the eighteen children, 10 were hemiplegic, 8 were diplegic and 2 were spastic quadriparetic. All of them except one were ambulatory ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2621688842773438,
-0.27761128544807434,
1.7089309692382812
] |
['Increases in exhaled nitric oxide have been demonstrated to originate from the lungs of rats after septic lung injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) would prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increases i... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0270962715148926,
-1.5151777267456055,
2.5278947353363037
] |
['Propofol attenuates mechanical dysfunction, metabolic derangement, and lipid peroxidation by exogenous administration of H2O2 in the Langendorff rat heart. In this study, we examined the effects of propofol on mechanical and metabolic changes, as well as on lipid peroxidation induced by ischemia-reperfusion, in isola... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.363802194595337,
-1.3576277494430542,
2.745767593383789
] |
['We describe and evaluate efforts to improve the follow-up care of patients with abnormal Papanicolaou test results at an academic family practice center at Shadyside Hospital in Pittsburgh.', 'From 1994 to 1996, 1796 patients received Papanicolaou testing; 147 (8 percent) of the smears had abnormal findings--16 perce... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8942344188690186,
-0.22860418260097504,
1.2137197256088257
] |
['Weight-based heparin and protamine dosing strategies for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) do not take into account interpatient variability in drug sensitivity and may result in bleeding complications. We compared the Hemochron RxDx heparin and protamine titration system with standard weight based management with regard ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.8252156972885132,
-1.8968654870986938,
1.6610361337661743
] |
['To determine the status of patients 10 years after referral for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.', 'Retrospective analysis of case notes from all patients referred between 1 April 1981 and 31 March 1985. Full information gathered from hospital notes, GP records, and Registrar General for Scotland.', 'Dist... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.19284752011299133,
-0.7474201321601868,
0.04083079844713211
] |
['To study the influence of atrial fibrillation on peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) in chronic heart failure. An unfavourable effect of atrial fibrillation has been shown in several patient populations, but the results have not been consistent in chronic heart failure.', 'Data were analysed from male heart transplant cand... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.514032006263733,
-1.617556095123291,
2.0922250747680664
] |
['To assess whether the underlying aetiology of chronic heart failure is a predictor of exercise performance.', 'Tertiary referral centre for cardiology.', 'Retrospective study of maximum exercise testing with metabolic gas exchange measurements in 212 patients with chronic heart failure who had undergone coronary angi... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8787435293197632,
-1.3707720041275024,
2.338186502456665
] |
['To determine whether rapid clearance of interleukin 8 (IL-8) from plasma through binding to the erythrocyte chemokine receptor may be responsible for failure to detect IL-8 consistently after acute myocardial infarction.', 'Plasma concentrations of IL-8 were measured at frequent intervals in 43 consecutive patients. ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4232019186019897,
-1.6075150966644287,
1.9893046617507935
] |
['Interleukin (IL)-15 is a novel cytokine known to have functions similar to those of IL-2 in the cell-mediated immune response. The objectives of this study were to determine whether IL-15 levels change in labor or preterm labor and to identify the regulatory agents and the site of production of IL-15.', 'Amniochorion... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.296039581298828,
-1.403977394104004,
2.7212929725646973
] |
['Indomethacin induces ulceration in the rat jejunum with sparing of the ileum. The ulcers localise between vasa recta along the mesenteric margin of the bowel, observations that have not been fully explained.', 'To examine the relationship between the localisation of experimental ulcers and the vascular anatomy of the... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.676234006881714,
-0.9339531660079956,
2.677974224090576
] |
['To examine the effect of the concurrent administration of increasing amounts of grapefruit juice, an inhibitor of drug metabolism, on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine.', 'Open-label, three-period crossover, food-drug interaction study in stable renal transplant patients.', 'A university-affiliated cl... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.698582887649536,
-0.8469749093055725,
2.6326756477355957
] |
['Little information exists concerning platelet function in neonates due to the small blood volume. Most studies using conventional aggregation methods have shown a diminished response to various agonists. This is in contrast to the lack of a bleeding tendency and to a short bleeding time in healthy neonates. In previo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.577408790588379,
-1.067476749420166,
2.693284034729004
] |
['Autoimmmune hepatitis (AIH), a chronic liver disorder, can be classified into two subtypes on the basis of the specificities of circulating autoantibodies. Type I AIH is defined by antibodies to nuclear and/or smooth muscle antigens (SMA), and type II is characterized by antibodies to cytochrome P450IID6. There is an... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.271421194076538,
-1.4322746992111206,
2.7680294513702393
] |
['Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease that occasionally progresses to cirrhosis but usually has a benign course. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the hemochromatosis mutation Cys282Tyr in development of the mild hepatic iron overload found in some patients with NASH and it... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1692287921905518,
-1.4298863410949707,
2.5795483589172363
] |
['Liver disease has been described in 10%-15% of patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1). After the discovery of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) as a hepatocellular autoantigen in liver-kidney microsomal autoantibody (LKM)-positive patients with APS-1, the investigation of antiliver antibodies was e... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2570412158966064,
-1.4155879020690918,
2.7807374000549316
] |
['We recently showed that activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis may mitigate the progress of acute pancreatitis. To clarify the mechanism, the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in pancreatic acinar cell death was examined.', 'The occurrence of apoptosis was studied in adrenalectomized or sham-operated ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5322208404541016,
-1.288549542427063,
2.8374104499816895
] |
['To study transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) plasma concentrations in elderly patients with nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI).', 'Case-control study.', 'We measured plasma concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (fT3) and free T4 (fT4) estimates, TSH, and TGF-beta1 in 4... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6724790334701538,
-1.3606797456741333,
2.064208507537842
] |
['Infective endocarditis is a complication of nosocomial bacteremia and is associated with a high mortality rate. The objective of the present study was to know the clinical and microbiological characteristics of nosocomial endocarditis (NE) diagnosed in a general hospital in a five-year period.', "Twenty-one patients ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0658299922943115,
-1.3727450370788574,
2.461548328399658
] |
['Von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf) is an essential hemostatic protein. Increased plasma levels have been documented in patients suffering from the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and resulted presumably from endothelial cell damage specific to the site of injury. We hypothesize that increased plasma l... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4098587036132812,
-1.2183012962341309,
2.769958972930908
] |
['Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) is a sophisticated software and hardware package that enables clinicians to retrieve, review, and digitally manipulate radiographs from computer workstations throughout the hospital. PACS was instituted at Brooke Army Medical Center in July 1993.', 'Fifty consecutive trau... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
0.111713707447052,
-1.2040468454360962,
0.16112181544303894
] |
['The infusion of amphotericin-B (AmB) often produces clinically distressing rigors and chills, which promptly abate with intravenous injection of meperidine, although its mechanism of action is unknown.', 'To examine the effects of meperidine on the transcription or secretion of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) in human... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6062281131744385,
-1.1473681926727295,
2.786406993865967
] |
['The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the level of fetal fibronectin in amniotic fluid during the course of pregnancy.', 'Amniotic fluid samples were obtained from 74 women whose pregnancies ranged in gestation from 14 to 38 weeks. Fetal fibronectin in amniotic fluid was examined with a sensitiv... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.018998384475708,
-1.0736010074615479,
2.2278294563293457
] |
['Multicenter clinical trials have shown that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) reduces the risk of acute rejection, but it is unknown whether African-Americans constitute a subgroup of recipients less likely to benefit from MMF.', 'This study compared the acute rejection rates within 6 months of kidney transplantation in MM... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.0804165601730347,
-1.597305178642273,
1.5954830646514893
] |
['These experiments investigated the ability of the donor-specific unresponsiveness created by the intrathymic inoculation of donor alloantigen to effectively prevent chronic rejection in an established rat model of chronic renal allograft rejection.', 'Three study groups were examined: (1) Allograft controls--F-344 ra... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.398813486099243,
-1.3499095439910889,
2.8310887813568115
] |
['This pharmacogenetic study was aimed at studying the pattern of oxidation of omeprazole in a Turkish population and testing whether omeprazole metabolism cosegregates with the genetically determined metabolism of mephenytoin and proguanil in Turkish subjects.', 'The hydroxylation of omeprazole was measured in 116 unr... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.84746515750885,
-1.5162341594696045,
2.380937099456787
] |
['The use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) at a site identical to that of thalamotomy is becoming increasingly popular for the control of tremor. It therefore seemed reasonable to compare the two operations.', "A retrospective comparison was made of 19 DBS implants--16 for Parkinson's disease (PD), 3 for essential tremo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.321746826171875,
-1.0546008348464966,
2.429307460784912
] |
['All patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) have some degree of villous atrophy, mucin changes and chronic inflammation. The mechanism underlying these changes is unknown. This study investigates the hypothesis that luminal factor(s) may affect epithelial cells in in-vitro studies.', 'IPAA dialysate from ei... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4126460552215576,
-1.4236750602722168,
2.880335807800293
] |
['It is known that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use delays the healing of peptic ulcers and that growth factors play an important role in the ulcer healing process.', 'To evaluate the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in healing chronic gastric ulcers in rats treated with NSAIDs.', 'Chroni... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.599144220352173,
-1.0697627067565918,
2.7254834175109863
] |
['A significant cohort of women with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) also suffer from reduced fertility. The finding that neither exogenous hormones nor donor eggs correct the infertility suggests that the problem involves an inherent endometrial defect.', 'Endometrial leukocyte populations in women with ATD were quan... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.414961099624634,
-1.2894634008407593,
2.7647109031677246
] |
['Immunostaining for androgen receptor in prostate tumor specimens has revealed that the majority of primary and advanced stage cancers are positive for this regulatory transcription factor. Consequently, its use as a marker for tumor behavior and therapeutic response has been discounted. However, past reports have not... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.231670618057251,
-1.3916171789169312,
2.6724050045013428
] |
['Our objective was to analyze the impact of preoperative and postresection solid tumor volumes on outcomes in 47 of 48 consecutive patients undergoing resection for malignant pleural mesothelioma who were treated prospectively and randomized to photodynamic therapy or no photodynamic therapy.', 'From July 1993 to June... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.0129647254943848,
-1.782268762588501,
1.7749801874160767
] |
['A prolonged air leak after an upper lobectomy is a major determinant of morbidity and hospital stay. Creation of a pleural tent after upper lobectomy was used to investigate whether obliterating the usual postoperative intrapleural apical space with the parietal pleura would help shorten chest tube time.', 'From Augu... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.891558051109314,
-1.5796047449111938,
1.4566028118133545
] |
['An Excimer Laser system for the extraction of permanent pacemaker leads has been developed by Spectranetics Inc. and Dr. Charles L. Byrd. The laser energy is emitted at the tip of a flexible, fiberoptic 12F sheath that permits the removal of leads with a max. outer diameter of 7.1F. The CVX-300 Excimer Laser source i... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7510207891464233,
-1.488999366760254,
2.338378667831421
] |
['Tobacco smoking is associated with a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis and respiratory disease.', 'To investigate differences between hemodynamic and biochemical findings in smokers and nonsmokers in the two sexes separately in the Tecumseh population.', 'We studied 851 subjects. They were divided according to smo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.630484700202942,
-1.2788379192352295,
1.9554063081741333
] |
['Data on patients with cancer of the larynx are analyzed using statistical models to estimate the effect of gaps in the treatment time on the local control of the tumor.', 'Patients from four centers, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Manchester, and Toronto, with carcinoma of the larynx and treated by radiotherapy were followed up... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2909581661224365,
-1.487541913986206,
1.77841055393219
] |
['This study was done to evaluate the differences in base deficit (BD) clearance, pH normalization, and the occurrence of complications between survivors and nonsurvivors after trauma.', 'Concurrent data entry with retrospective review.', 'Trauma patients meeting registry criteria from July 1990 through August 1995 wit... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1079494953155518,
-1.1508957147598267,
2.3548545837402344
] |
['This study investigated potential pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions between the novel anti-migraine compound zolmitriptan (Zomig, formerly 311C90) and paracetamol and/or metoclopramide.', 'In an open-label, randomised, crossover study, 15 healthy volunteers received single oral doses of 10 mg zolmitript... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9860033988952637,
-1.476190447807312,
2.4668805599212646
] |
['Recent clinical studies suggest that the reflex increase in sympathetic nervous activity accompanying a reduction in blood pressure may contribute to the untoward effects of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. The aim of this study was to examine whether plasma noradrenaline levels and renin activity are increased w... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.47149395942688,
-1.0326398611068726,
2.548536777496338
] |
['Results of treatment of patients with Stage I seminoma with orchiectomy and radiotherapy are excellent. Even without adjuvant radiotherapy, the relapse rate is only 15-20%; most of the patients fail in the retroperitoneum, with rare failures observed in the pelvis (0.5-2%). In 1991, we began a prospective study evalu... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8851187229156494,
-1.5959304571151733,
2.5121917724609375
] |
['To characterize diarrhoeal mechanisms in HIV-infected patients, epithelial transport and barrier function of the duodenal mucosa was investigated in vitro.', 'Twenty-one HIV-seropositive patients (13 asymptomatic and eight with diarrhoea) and 12 controls from an urban referral-based tertiary care centre in Berlin who... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.272312641143799,
-1.476399302482605,
2.753847599029541
] |
['The mechanical properties of three materials (No. 2 polypropylene, No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 18, 27 and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material) commonly used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency were determined. The abil... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.456537961959839,
-0.9608017802238464,
2.512415885925293
] |
['There is strong epidemiological evidence that prostate disease is significantly less prevalent in the Orient, where the intake of soy products is very high, than in the United States. We therefore undertook a study of the effects of genistein, a major component of soy, on growth of human-patient benign prostatic hype... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.509504556655884,
-0.9798272252082825,
2.5638160705566406
] |
['Fatty livers are more prone to primary nonfunction after transplantation. We hypothesized that sinusoidal lining cells (SLCs) in fatty livers of obese Zucker rats are more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion injury than in normal livers.', 'Cold University of Wisconsin solution-preserved (30 min or 24 hr) livers from... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.023668050765991,
-1.4540899991989136,
2.467071056365967
] |
['The introduction of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has had a major impact on anaesthetic practice in the last ten years. Previous authors have demonstrated pressures equivalent to mean arterial blood pressure within the cuff of the LMA. This study examined the effects of cuff inflation on the cross sectional area, f... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.189729690551758,
-1.0777740478515625,
2.3476102352142334
] |
['To describe the anaesthetic management and report the incidence of PDPH in three parturients who had experienced accidental dural puncture during labour and the subsequent deliberate intrathecal insertion of an epidural catheter.', 'Inadvertent dural puncture with a 16-gauge Tuohy needle occurred during the first sta... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4553253650665283,
-1.2351559400558472,
2.8074851036071777
] |
['The efficacy of proton pump inhibitors is considered linked to morning, fasting administration. The aim of the present study was to assess efficacy and tolerability of the proton pump inhibitors lansoprazole given at bedtime as compared to ranitidine, both in acute and maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcer.', 'This... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.687546730041504,
-1.5772929191589355,
2.284876823425293
] |
['Due to the advances of radiological methods, an increased number of incidentally detected renal cell carcinomas is diagnosed. The reported excellent results of nephron-sparing surgery have promoted its application in patients with a normal contralateral kidney. However, the risk of local tumor recurrence and surgical... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.33345103263855,
-1.2603681087493896,
2.673610210418701
] |
['To test the hypothesis that a reduction in left ventricular mass by long-term antihypertensive treatment, possibly associated with an improvement of diastolic function, would increase exercise performance in patients with essential hypertension. DESIGNS After a placebo run-in period, 27 patients with essential hypert... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4830329418182373,
-1.1671289205551147,
2.735219955444336
] |
['Behavioral stress has been proposed to contribute to the occurrence of myocardial ischemia. Objective To investigate the effect of chronic exposure to behavioral stress on the function and structure of the coronary artery of borderline hypertensive rats (BHR).', 'BHR were either exposed to an air-jet stress for 2 h/d... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.426859140396118,
-1.2905250787734985,
2.8065524101257324
] |
['To determine the cell cycle specificity and intracellular mechanisms involved in inhibition by nitric oxide (NO) of vascular smooth muscle cell mitogenesis.', 'Cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells were synchronized by serum withdrawal, treated with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and the cyclic GMP an... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.448352098464966,
-1.3303602933883667,
2.7745325565338135
] |
['Dysfunctional dopamine neurotransmission and defective D1A receptor-G protein coupling exist in renal proximal tubules (RPT) of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).', 'To determine whether the G proteins in SHR are abnormal, preventing formation of agonist high affinity sites in SHR.', 'We examined the expressio... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3322649002075195,
-1.3778464794158936,
2.7283616065979004
] |
['To determine whether the failure to attain normal bone mass in young adulthood contributes to the later development of osteoporotic fractures.', 'Case-control study.', 'Referral-based bone clinic at a large teaching hospital.', 'Sequential sample of 35 asymptomatic relatives, aged 19 to 59 years, of patients with ost... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.23645895719528198,
-1.7400352954864502,
1.1329731941223145
] |
['A number of endocrine peptides and proteins are expressed by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The expression of two newly appreciated neuroendocrine tumor markers, chromogranin A (CgA) and the endocrine antigen defined by monoclonal antibody HISL-19, was determined in 14 MTCs by immunohistology to evaluate the clin... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4302384853363037,
-1.2998005151748657,
2.8371691703796387
] |
['To determine the prevalence of vertebral fractures in patients with mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism and to ascertain whether this prevalence is increased in comparison with the rate in a retrospective control group previously studied at the same institution or with current estimates of the risk for vert... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.31904935836792,
-1.0766668319702148,
2.512356758117676
] |
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