sot_question stringlengths 42 9.8k | ds_name stringclasses 8
values | pred_label int64 0 2 | logits listlengths 3 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
['We examined the efficacy of retinol palmitate (VApal) for dry eyes using dry eye model rabbits whose lacrimal glands were resected.', 'After alkaline injury on keratoconjunctival epithelium, VApal eye drops were administered 6 times a day for 7 days. The efficacy of VApal was also compared with that of 0.1% hyaluroni... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0150859355926514,
-1.4682492017745972,
2.492952346801758
] |
['RNF168 promotes chromosomal break localization of 53BP1 and BRCA1; 53BP1 loss rescues homologous recombination (HR) in BRCA1-deficient cells.', 'RNF168 depletion suppresses HR defects caused by BRCA1 silencing; RNF168 influences HR similarly to 53BP1.'] Is rING finger nuclear factor RNF168 important for defects in ho... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1282081604003906,
-1.153393268585205,
2.3139591217041016
] |
['Notch3 is expressed in myogenic precursors, but its function is not well known.', 'Notch3 represses the activity of Mef2c and is in turn inhibited by the microRNAs-1 and -206.'] Are notch3 and Mef2c proteins mutually antagonistic via Mkp1 protein and miR-1/206 microRNAs in differentiating myoblasts? | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2286062240600586,
-0.7080888748168945,
1.9372910261154175
] |
['To quantify the relation between adiposity and blood pressure (BP) level in patients with symptomatic vascular disease and, thereby, assess whether the obesity paradox can be explained by a causal mechanism involving BP.', 'BP and markers of adiposity (i.e. weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip r... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7745378017425537,
-1.2947291135787964,
2.124512195587158
] |
['Chemotherapeutic agents, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), frequently cause intestinal mucositis resulting in severe diarrhoea and morphological mucosal damage. 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists are clinically effective in the treatment of nausea and emesis during cancer chemotherapy. Therefore we here have examined the effe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2855260372161865,
-1.3543041944503784,
2.6918978691101074
] |
['Chronic stress or prolonged administration of glucocorticoids suppresses proliferation and/or survival of newborn cells in adult rat dentate gyrus. Earlier we showed that administration of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone during the final 4 days of a 21 days period of corticosterone treatment fully... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4698448181152344,
-1.2362613677978516,
2.7824020385742188
] |
["Legionella pneumophila is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause Legionnaires' disease and other non-pneumonic infections in humans. This bacterium produces a pyomelanin pigment, a potential virulence factor with ferric reductase activity. In this work, we have investigated the role of phenylalanine hydroxylase from L... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.173353433609009,
-1.3225924968719482,
2.5622377395629883
] |
['To describe a technique for and assess accuracy of ultrasound-guided supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental nerve injections in a cadaveric model. Prior studies have shown that peripheral trigeminal nerve injections can be beneficial for a subgroup of patients for whom surgical treatment is not appropriate. Accurate ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.083176851272583,
-1.2878777980804443,
2.474379539489746
] |
['Tendon lesions are still a serious clinical problem. The leaves of the Bignoniaceae Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlot. (syn. Bignonia chica (Bonpl.)) have been used in traditional medicine and described in the literature for its healing properties. However, no study has shown the effects of A. chica during ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.393521308898926,
-1.3922522068023682,
2.824655532836914
] |
['Intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is associated with a lower risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, particularly acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, limited data are available regarding the association... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6003819704055786,
-1.5893886089324951,
2.116901397705078
] |
['Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) among organ transplant recipients. The relationship between the levels of antibody for CMV with IHD in immunocompetent individuals is uncertain.', 'We measured baseline CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in 12,574 participants without IHD from the p... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6986091136932373,
-1.5369906425476074,
2.273005485534668
] |
["Acetaminophen (AAP) overdose is the most frequent cause of drug-induced liver failure. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is thought to play a central role in AAP-induced hepatocellular necrosis. The apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a death repressor that inhibits death receptor and mitochondri... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.538987636566162,
-1.2080490589141846,
2.780651807785034
] |
['Diva (death inducer binding to vBcl-2 and Apaf-1)/BclB is a Bcl-2 family member, which is known for its function in apoptosis. Diva/BclB has been shown to interact with NDPKB/Nm23H2, which is involved in cellular differentiation. Thus far, there has been no direct evidence of Diva/BclB having a role in differentiatio... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0952537059783936,
-1.201280117034912,
2.272068977355957
] |
['Diabetes is associated with nitrosative stress in multiple tissues. Overactivation of the Wnt pathway has been shown to play a pathogenic role in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nitrosative stress contributes to aberrant activation of Wnt signaling in diabetes.', 'Nitro... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.483074903488159,
-1.320837140083313,
2.8536431789398193
] |
['This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) on inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in mesangial and tubular epithelial cells under diabetic conditions.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with either a diluent [n=16, control (C)] or streptozo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.279371500015259,
-1.4611787796020508,
2.7206904888153076
] |
['The present study aimed to explore the hypothesis that bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), in addition to being a key enzyme in dietary fat digestion during early infancy, plays an important role in inflammation, notably arthritis.', "Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in rodents ar... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.496023416519165,
-1.0140812397003174,
2.535421848297119
] |
['A prothrombotic state and increased platelet reactivity are common in pathophysiological conditions associated with oxidative stress and infections. Such conditions are associated with an appearance of altered-self ligands in circulation that can be recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Platelets express a number... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.637108564376831,
-0.9912814497947693,
2.669987916946411
] |
['The rate of microscopic incomplete resections of gastrointestinal cancers including pancreatic cancer has not changed considerably over the past years. Future intra-operative applications of tissue tolerable plasmas (TTP) could help to address this problem. Plasma is generated by feeding energy, like electrical disch... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6540024280548096,
-1.6004462242126465,
2.213988780975342
] |
['Long-term survival after cardiac surgery is determined by a number of different risk factors. Central venous oxygen saturation (S(v)O(2)) measures the balance between oxygen delivery and demand. S(v)O(2) levels in the intensive care situation are reported to be associated with patient outcome. The present report expl... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4636515378952026,
-1.488039493560791,
1.965876579284668
] |
["To identify non-major histocompatibility complex susceptible genes that might contribute to Behçet's disease (BD).", 'We performed a genome-wide association study using DNA samples from a Korean population consisting of 379 BD patients and 800 controls. A replication study was performed in a Japanese population (363 ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5564318895339966,
-1.311490774154663,
1.9014642238616943
] |
['Cues that are associated with the availability of food are known to trigger food anticipatory activity (FAA). This activity is expressed as increased locomotor activity and enables an animal to prepare for maximal utilization of nutritional resources. Although the exact neural network that mediates FAA is still unkno... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.7540552616119385,
-0.6135739088058472,
2.338331699371338
] |
["The current study aimed to explore the frequency and effects of multipart prompts on the testimonies of children who were alleged victims of sexual abuse and were interviewed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Investigative Protocol. The effects of the multipart prompts were st... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.845322847366333,
-0.09533146768808365,
1.0416086912155151
] |
['Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is an enigmatic seizure disorder in childhood with an innocuous febrile infection triggering severe and intractable multifocal epilepsy, mostly with status epilepticus. FIRES shares several phenotypic features with epilepsies seen in patients with protocadherin 19 (... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3530032634735107,
-1.330150842666626,
2.718529224395752
] |
['The bi-relationships between psychological stress, negative affect and disordered eating has been well studied in western culture, while tri-relationship among them, i.e. how some of those factors influence these bi-relationships, has rarely been studied. However, there has been little related study in the different ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 0 | [
0.3805755376815796,
-0.5206567645072937,
-0.7835610508918762
] |
['Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the aetiology of CDH remains poorly understood, studies from animal models and patients with CDH suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the development of CDH. Chromosomal anomalies have b... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1783790588378906,
-1.3515138626098633,
2.593419075012207
] |
['Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in promoting angiogenesis and is over-expressed in renal cell cancer (RCC). Published data on the association between polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (e.g., -2578C/A [rs699947], -460T/C [rs833061], +405C/G [rs2010963], and +936C/T [rs3... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.356999158859253,
-1.2460548877716064,
2.674772024154663
] |
['In the absence of established methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening programs, many centers use a history of a positive culture or a nasal screen as a surrogate for preoperative MRSA colonization status. We aimed to evaluate the test characteristics of these surrogates.', 'Retrospective cohort s... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1519715785980225,
-1.4255831241607666,
2.6094579696655273
] |
['One requisite of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is to normalise the data with an internal reference gene that is invariant regardless of treatment, such as virus infection. Several studies have found variability in the expression of commonly used housekeeping genes, such as beta-actin (ACTB) and gly... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.311994791030884,
-1.2229727506637573,
2.643019676208496
] |
['Disruption of the size and charge selectivity of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) leads to proteinuria. Blood pressure medications suppress proteinuria by preserving GBM function. We investigated the mechanism of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), in a rat model of nephropathy.', 'Male Wistar r... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.367474317550659,
-1.3367401361465454,
2.790419101715088
] |
['Accelerated atherosclerosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the role of epigenetic dysregulation in atherosclerosis is increasingly appreciated, only a few studies focused on epigenetics in CKD-associated cardiovascular disease, virtually all of which assessed epigenetic dysregulation globally... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.333216905593872,
-1.3393927812576294,
2.7732222080230713
] |
['The clinical significance of variants in genes associated with inherited cardiomyopathies can be difficult to determine because of uncertainty regarding population genetic variation and a surprising amount of tolerance of the genome even to loss-of-function variants. We hypothesized that genes associated with cardiom... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.495681047439575,
-0.8488686680793762,
2.3669557571411133
] |
['The up-regulation of antiapoptotic B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL2-like 1 (BCLXL), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and survivin is one mechanism by which cancer cells develop resistance towards chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the knockdown of these four genes could sensitise bladder cancer (BCa) cells towards... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.641535997390747,
-1.0322751998901367,
2.7099626064300537
] |
['Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Several studies have shown that statins could have chemopreventive effects on HCC. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the effects of statins on the risk of HCC.', "We conducted a systemat... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.3426106870174408,
-1.8978383541107178,
1.2143561840057373
] |
['HSPA12B is a newly discovered member of the Hsp70 family proteins. This study investigated the effects of HSPA12B on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.', 'Transgenic mice overexpressing human HSPA12B (Tg) and wild-type littermates (WT) were subjected to 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusio... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.340238094329834,
-1.261577844619751,
2.572237491607666
] |
['We tested the hypothesis that the 12 lymph node (LN) count and other surgical variables would not predict survival in a setting where surgical techniques were standardized and surgeons were credentialed and audited.', 'The National Quality Forum has adopted the 12-node minimum as a surgical quality metric due to the ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.335186243057251,
-1.0165026187896729,
2.567807912826538
] |
['Prior series showed that a portion of urothelial carcinoma cells exposed to bacillus Calmette-Guérin undergoes nonapoptotic cell death and release of the chemokine HMGB1. We evaluated the role of tumor cell derived HMGB1 in mediating the in vivo antitumor effect of bacillus Calmette-Guérin.', 'The murine urothelial c... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1003353595733643,
-1.5012375116348267,
2.59883713722229
] |
['Left ventricular (LV) remodeling takes place after acute myocardial infarction (MI), potentially leading to overt heart failure (HF). Enhanced inflammation may contribute to LV remodeling. Our hypothesis was that the immunomodulating effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) would be beneficial in patients with im... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2936055660247803,
-1.4202189445495605,
2.7703914642333984
] |
['Clinical application of skeletal myoblast transplantation has been curtailed due to arrhythmogenicity and inconsistent therapeutic benefits observed in previous studies. However, these issues may be solved by the use of a new cell-delivery mode. It is now possible to generate "cell-sheets" using temperature-responsiv... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4450628757476807,
-1.3208436965942383,
2.8045706748962402
] |
['Our goal in the present study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of genital warts in a population of female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. Because of the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in this population, we were particularly interested in the association between HIV-1 in... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-0.8483271598815918,
0.6785107254981995,
-0.4620892405509949
] |
['Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in women, as it is frequently detected at an advanced stage, and cancers often become refractory to chemotherapy. Evidence suggests that dysregulation of pro-apoptotic genes plays a key role in the onset of chemoresistance. The secreted Frizzled-Related Protein (s... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.400158166885376,
-1.254595160484314,
2.699624538421631
] |
['The incidence of anal cancer, a Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related neoplasia, has been increasing in recent decades, mainly in men who have sex with men (MSM). Cytological changes of the anal epithelium induced by HPV can be detected through an anal pap smear. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and epidemiol... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.432686448097229,
-1.5946080684661865,
1.9966726303100586
] |
['Positron emission tomography (PET) with the thymidine analogue [(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) has been shown to detect early response to chemotherapy in high-grade lymphoma. In this preclinical in vitro and in vivo study we compared [(18)F]FLT to the glucose analogue [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) regard... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.108351945877075,
-1.5642805099487305,
2.691009521484375
] |
['Microparticles are submicrometer vesicles that contain RNA and protein derived from their parent cells. Platelet and megakaryocyte microparticles represent 80% of circulating microparticles, and their numbers are elevated in diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. The ability of microparticles to transport prote... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6124489307403564,
-0.9390568137168884,
2.5952308177948
] |
['Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) studies in patients with coronary artery disease report higher risk of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) early post-implant, potentially related to local proarrhythmic effects of ICD leads.', 'To characterize early and long-term risk of ICD discharge for VT/VF i... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3174408674240112,
-1.654198408126831,
1.9873241186141968
] |
['Quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic disease is impaired and cannot be solely explained by disease severity. We explored whether genetic variability and activity contributes to QoL in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), a genetic connective tissue disorder.', "In 121 MFS patients, patient characteristics (... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.796242594718933,
-1.4348092079162598,
2.2675819396972656
] |
['Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) accuracy is of critical importance both in delivering therapeutic value and as a component of a closed-loop system. This study aims at assessing the differences between accuracy assessments of CGMS at home and at the clinical research center (CRC).', 'Twelve patients with t... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.3329662084579468,
-1.9116871356964111,
1.2533278465270996
] |
['Nitrogen is a principal limiting nutrient in plant growth and development. Among factors that may limit NO3- assimilation, Fe potentially plays a crucial role being a metal cofactor of enzymes of the reductive assimilatory pathway. Very few information is available about the changes of nitrogen metabolism occurring u... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6784846782684326,
0.20783507823944092,
1.5528043508529663
] |
['The inferior frontal cortical (IFC)-striatal network plays an integral role in response inhibition and is compromised in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BP) or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Prior BP functional neuroimaging studies have not accounted for ADHD comorbidity despite its high prevalence.... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4475626945495605,
-1.1042280197143555,
2.5676605701446533
] |
['The clinical course of breast cancer patients with brain metastases (BM) as only metastatic site (brain-only metastatic breast cancer (BO-MBC)) has been insufficiently explored.', 'All breast cancer patients with BM treated at our institution between 1990 and 2011 were identified. For each patient, full information o... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9024745225906372,
-1.4725154638290405,
2.414475917816162
] |
['Zinc distributes widely in the central nervous system, especially in the hippocampus, amygdala and cortex. The dynamic balance of zinc is critical for neuronal functions. Zinc modulates the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) through the direct inhibition and various intracellular signaling pathways. ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5319268703460693,
-1.008480429649353,
2.569488525390625
] |
['Hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is the main problem of most transplant programs. We aimed at assessing the antiviral activity and safety of intravenous silibinin (SIL) administered daily during the peri-transplant period.', 'This was a single-centre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, plac... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.940982699394226,
-1.45795476436615,
2.4299001693725586
] |
['To study the effect of H2 gas on liver injury in massive hepatectomy using the intermittent Pringle maneuver in swine.', 'Male Bama pigs (n = 14) treated with ketamine hydrochloride and Sumianxin II as induction drugs followed by inhalation anesthesia with 2% isoflurane, underwent 70% hepatotectomy with loss of bleed... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2427899837493896,
-1.4762753248214722,
2.7615084648132324
] |
['Prolonged pneumoperitoneum has cerebral adverse effects that may delay recovery and cause postoperative cognitive changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mannitol infusion after pneumoperitoneum initiation on cerebral oxygen balance and quality of postoperative recovery in patients undergo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6125171184539795,
-1.7038366794586182,
2.2887747287750244
] |
["To elucidate whether Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes show a differential pattern of FP-CIT-SPECT binding during the disease course.", 'We examined 27 patients (10 female, 17 male, mean age 61.68±11.24 years, 14 tremordominant, 13 akinetic-rigid) with [(123)I]FP-CIT-SPECT and clinical ratings including UPDRS III aft... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2787415981292725,
-1.1658132076263428,
2.46243953704834
] |
['Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) have been associated with thrombosis in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) and with atherosclerotic vascular events in patients without APS. We examined the significance of aPLs in transient ischemic attack (TIA).', 'Patients with TIA <48\u2009h from symptom onset were pro... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8049542903900146,
-1.6149250268936157,
2.46697998046875
] |
['Both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ and Ski are investigate the interaction of PPARδ and Ski and this interaction-associated effect in wound healing.', 'Effect of PPARδ activation on Ski expression was detected in rat skin fibroblasts by real-time PCR and western blot. Luciferase assay, electroph... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.386255979537964,
-1.2953159809112549,
2.701045036315918
] |
['Opioids and clonidine, used in for sedation, analgesia and control of opioid withdrawal in neonates, directly or indirectly activate opioid receptors (OPRs) expressed in immune cells. Therefore, our objective is to study how clinically relevant concentrations of different opioids and clonidine change cytokine levels ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1858835220336914,
-1.3124473094940186,
2.5442309379577637
] |
['To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway modulate susceptibility to preterm birth (PTB).', "Prospective case-control study examining the contribution of nine TLR SNPs to PTB (<37 weeks) and PTB <32 weeks. Genotyping was done on neon... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.892337679862976,
-1.4600590467453003,
2.4522721767425537
] |
['Anthropogenic disturbance of old-growth tropical forests increases the abundance of early successional tree species at the cost of late successional ones. Quantifying differences in terms of carbon allocation and the proportion of recently fixed carbon in soil CO(2) efflux is crucial for addressing the carbon footpri... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.928687334060669,
-0.6871147155761719,
0.6549885272979736
] |
['Increasingly studies have identified socioeconomic factors adversely affecting healthcare outcomes for a multitude of diseases. To date, however, there has not been a study correlating socioeconomic details from nationwide databases on the prevalence of advanced coronary artery disease. We seek to identify whether so... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6140437126159668,
-1.0142390727996826,
1.6696138381958008
] |
['To investigate the effects of the volatile anaesthetic sevoflurane on the release of total and active myeloperoxidase (MPO) by non-stimulated and stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in whole blood from healthy horses.', 'In vitro experimental study.', 'Adult healthy horses.', "Samples of whole venous bloo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2203314304351807,
-1.3896305561065674,
2.6265525817871094
] |
['Several cross-sectional studies have shown an association between pre-S mutation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'We aim to verify whether pre-S mutation represents a risk for HCC development in a longitudinal way.', 'A total of 195 patients with chronic HBV infection [age: 43.7\xa0±\xa010.8\xa0years, males: 14... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.6096909046173096,
-1.8474256992340088,
1.4606796503067017
] |
['In current practice, two types of burs are typically used: stainless steel (SS) and alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ). The present study evaluated the durability of these two burs in relation to osteotomy creation for implant placement. In addition, the effects of the two types of burs on a bone model were examined.',... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0235018730163574,
-0.6383877396583557,
1.8157680034637451
] |
['MicroRNA-101 (miR-101) expression is negatively associated with tumor growth and blood vessel formation in several solid epithelial cancers. However, the role of miR-101 in human breast cancer remains elusive.', "MiR-101 was significantly decreased in different subtypes of human breast cancer tissues compared with th... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2087719440460205,
-0.9734895825386047,
2.17761492729187
] |
['Anti-angiogenic activity is considered to play a key role in the statin-induced anti-tumor effects. We aimed to identify new targets underlying this pleiotropic effect of lovastatin.', 'We investigated the inhibitory effects of lovastatin on endothelial cell biology and angiogenesis in vitro. Lovastatin at high doses... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4690237045288086,
-1.2678940296173096,
2.7772035598754883
] |
['Studies suggest that people who are food insecure are more likely to experience mental illness. However, little is known about which aspects of food insecurity place individuals most at risk of mental illness. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of mental illness among food insecure Canadians, a... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.7149210572242737,
-0.5356971621513367,
0.3129943907260895
] |
['Active surveillance (AS) is increasingly utilized in low-risk prostate cancer (PC) patients. Although black race has traditionally been associated with adverse PC characteristics, its prognostic value for patients managed with AS is unclear.', 'A retrospective review identified 145 patients managed with AS at the Duk... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4805595874786377,
-1.4233876466751099,
1.8935236930847168
] |
['We have previously shown that hypoxia selects for more invasive, apoptosis-resistant LNCaP prostate cancer cells, with upregulation of the osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 and the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 detected in the hypoxia-selected cells. Following this observation, we questioned through what biological... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.487415075302124,
-1.1998690366744995,
2.723433017730713
] |
['There is evidence that positive personality characteristics, such as optimism and self-esteem, are important for health. Less is known about possible determinants of positive personality characteristics.', 'To test the relationship of optimism and self-esteem with insomnia symptoms and sleep duration.', 'Sleep parame... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-1.4186707735061646,
0.593771755695343,
0.11408992111682892
] |
['Recent studies have suggested that pretransplant secondary pulmonary hypertension (PHT) may be associated with worse outcomes following lung transplantation. We sought to determine whether COPD patients with secondary PHT have inferior intensive care outcomes following lung transplantation.', 'This is a single-center... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5925935506820679,
-1.5912030935287476,
2.193624973297119
] |
["Rates of postoperative complications are particularly high among patients with Crohn's disease.", "The aim of this study was to assess whether positive inflammatory histological margins, among other factors, pose a risk for intra-abdominal septic complications in patients with Crohn's disease undergoing ileocolic res... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8171466588974,
-1.4790420532226562,
2.324263095855713
] |
["Anal complications of Crohn's disease range from painless skin tags to debilitating fistulas that are imperfectly treated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists. The recent discovery of more than 190 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Crohn's disease offers the opportunity to genetically define the sever... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2617368698120117,
-1.3794074058532715,
2.702756881713867
] |
['Pathogenesis and factors for determining progression of alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis with risk of further progression to liver cirrhosis and cancer are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to identify potential molecular signatures for discrimination of steatohepatitis from st... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3234198093414307,
-1.2889740467071533,
2.715620279312134
] |
['While prions play a central role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, the biology of these proteins and the pathophysiology of these diseases remain largely unknown. Since no case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has ever been reported in buffalo despite their phylogenetic proxim... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.199786901473999,
-1.2810747623443604,
2.513589382171631
] |
['HIV infection results in inhibited cholesterol efflux by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in macrophages, and this impairment involves Nef mediated down-regulation and redistribution of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1). We investigated the effect of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) on the cholesterol efflux by apoA-I in HIV... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4626858234405518,
-1.0675486326217651,
2.550133466720581
] |
['Maternal New York Heart Association (NYHA) class is associated with pregnancy outcome in women with congenital heart disease (WCHD), but objective predictive criteria of exercise capacity have not been established.', 'A total of 33 WCHD (age, 28 ± 5 years; NYHA class, 1.3 ± 0.6) who had undergone cardiopulmonary exer... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.4299457371234894,
-1.7533469200134277,
1.2260417938232422
] |
['Sepsis is a multifactorial pathology with high susceptibility to secondary infections. Innate and adaptive immunity are affected in sepsis, including monocyte deactivation.', 'To better understand the effects of alterations in monocytes on the regulation of immune responses during sepsis, we analyzed their differenti... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.580137014389038,
-1.0103604793548584,
2.633270263671875
] |
['Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics. Deficient motor inhibition underlying tics is one of the main hypotheses in its pathophysiology. Therefore the question arises whether this supposed deficient motor inhibition affects also voluntary movements. Despite severe moto... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.8603944778442383,
-0.3509635627269745,
2.2812862396240234
] |
['Electronic cigarette users ("vapers") inhale aerosols of water, nicotine, and propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG). Aerosol particle sizes should affect deposition patterns in vapers and bystanders.', 'Aerosols were generated by a smoking machine and an electronic cigarette filled with 16mg/ml nicotine in... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.587447166442871,
-1.0153406858444214,
1.7111090421676636
] |
['The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TheraBite exercises on mouth opening and to analyze factors influencing this effect in a patient record evaluation.', 'Effect of exercises with a TheraBite to treat trismus was evaluated in 69 head and neck cancer patients of two university medical centers. Mouth op... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6462610960006714,
-1.480867862701416,
2.1772379875183105
] |
['The aim of the present study was to examine audiovisual speech integration in cochlear-implanted children and in normally hearing children exposed to degraded auditory stimuli. Previous studies have shown that speech perception in cochlear-implanted users is biased toward the visual modality when audition and vision ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4137909412384033,
-0.5654115080833435,
2.0411462783813477
] |
['Strigolactones (SLs) - a group of plant hormones and their derivatives - have been found to play a role in the regulation of root development, in addition to their role in suppression of lateral shoot branching: they alter root architecture and affect root-hair elongation, and SL signalling is necessary for the root ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.7982051372528076,
-0.3509180247783661,
2.2621195316314697
] |
['Physical activity activates brain regions and transmitter systems that represent the reward system (i.e., the ventral striatum [VS] and dopamine). To date, the effect of training status and acute exercise on reward processing has not been investigated systematically in humans. To address this issue, we examined highl... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5057499408721924,
-0.6754224896430969,
2.2554330825805664
] |
['Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycophosphoprotein that has been implicated in the regulation of cancer development. The function of OPN is primarily regulated through post-translational modification such as glycosylation. As yet, however, the relationship between OPN glycosylation and lung cancer development has no... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5004947185516357,
-1.1757484674453735,
2.7220840454101562
] |
['Catecholamines regulate functions of the nervous, neuroendocrine and immune systems. Dopamine may modulate the activity of keratinocytes, which play a role in secreting cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dopaminergic agonists on the production of IL-6 and IL-8 by a non-tumor... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.487252950668335,
-1.1489049196243286,
2.6774697303771973
] |
['We sought to determine whether features of metabolic syndrome (MS) and histologic features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with increased fibrosis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).', 'PBC is a chronic, progressive cholestatic disease. MS is strongly associated with NASH and fibro... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.665291428565979,
-1.4692338705062866,
2.1038501262664795
] |
['The formation and/or maturation of adult organs in vertebrates often takes place during postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals when thyroid hormone (T3) levels are high. The T3-dependent anuran metamorphosis serves as a model to study postembryonic development. Studies on the remodeling of the in... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.516672372817993,
-1.0336157083511353,
2.7035510540008545
] |
['The expression of CD56 is considered a bad prognostic factor for overall survival, lower rates or short complete remission and extramedullary invasion but the results are controversial. The importance of validating new prognostic parameters in acute leukemias was the reason to investigate the CD56 expression in blast... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.773166537284851,
-1.3671669960021973,
2.2106287479400635
] |
['Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) has traditionally been performed in MHC class II A(q)-expressing mice, whereas most genetically modified mice are on the C57BL/6 background (expressing the b haplotype of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region). However, C57BL/6 mice develop arthritis after immunis... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3485493659973145,
-1.1244115829467773,
2.5022997856140137
] |
['It is well known that a proper fitting of the cochlear implant processor is relevant to provide good quality in speech perception. The aim of this study is to extract statistical information to be applied for fitting the processor.', 'This study is based on the programming maps of 121 patients, aged from 18 months to... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.186634063720703,
-0.6424460411071777,
1.97654128074646
] |
['Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been shown to play a critical role in tumor-induced immunosuppression, in many mouse and human cancers. The aim of this study was to show that MDSC accumulation is tumor burden-dependent, and to investigate the role of the tumor-derived urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.495117664337158,
-0.9470812678337097,
2.5089306831359863
] |
['Simvastatin (SMV) is one of the cholesterol-lowering pharmacological drugs. Recent studies demonstrate that it has a bone stimulatory effect. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of SMV along with collagen membrane on osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells and also to standardize the dosage of SMV to be inc... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.13497257232666,
-1.3420288562774658,
2.5668413639068604
] |
['In our study, we investigated the impact of papillary muscle systolic dyssynchrony (DYS-PAP) obtained by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in the prediction of recurrent ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) after restrictive annuloplasty.', 'The study population consisted of 524 consecutive patients who sur... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6084009408950806,
-1.6911860704421997,
2.27013897895813
] |
['Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is used for the management of chronic intractable neuropathic pain. While used clinically, it is unclear if SCS produces its effects by activation of opioid receptors. The current study aimed to determine if endogenous opioids mediate the analgesia produced by SCS at different frequencie... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8518010377883911,
-1.450850486755371,
2.269141912460327
] |
['Auxins act as repressors of ripening inception in grape (véraison), while ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) play a positive role as inducers of the syndrome. Despite the increasing amount of information made available on this topic, the complex network of interactions among these hormones remains elusive. In order to ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.633962869644165,
-1.0196099281311035,
2.7301735877990723
] |
['Intraindividual variability (IIV) is negatively associated with cognitive test performance and is positively associated with age and some neurological disorders. We aimed to extend these findings to a real-world task, flight simulator performance. We hypothesized that IIV predicts poorer initial flight performance an... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8550909757614136,
-0.16382069885730743,
1.1536275148391724
] |
['Electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) improves LES pressure without interfering with LES relaxation. The aim of this open-label pilot trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term LES stimulation using a permanently implanted LES stimulator in patients with gastroesophageal reflu... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9040473699569702,
-1.588914394378662,
2.4864368438720703
] |
['Although the combination of biliary and duodenal self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) is useful, the exacerbating effect of duodenal SEMS placement on biliary SEMS has not been documented. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the effect of duodenal SEMS placement on biliary SEMS.', 'Patients who ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5925935506820679,
-1.6291645765304565,
2.1808390617370605
] |
['Nissen-Collis gastroplasty (NCG) is an effective treatment for short esophagus, but it sometimes is associated with abnormal postoperative esophageal acid exposure. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that NCG prevents gastric reflux and that pathologic distal esophagus acid exposure is due to prolonged ac... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0613644123077393,
-1.5330926179885864,
2.604363441467285
] |
['Combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate (CA4P) is a promising vascular disrupting agent (VDA) in clinical trials. As CA4P acts on dividing endothelial cells, we hypothesize that CA4P affects vessels of certain sizes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CA4P by the MRI-based vessel size imaging (VSI).', ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.148984670639038,
-1.5256316661834717,
2.7063426971435547
] |
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