sot_question stringlengths 42 9.8k | ds_name stringclasses 8
values | pred_label int64 0 2 | logits listlengths 3 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
['Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely-used anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing agent. VPA is also known to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) affecting the expression of numerous genes.', 'In the present study, we examined the effect of VPA on the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK, p42/p44) pathway (Ras-Raf-MEK-ER... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4342145919799805,
-1.1663910150527954,
2.6640167236328125
] |
['The present studies aimed at elucidating the role of prostaglandin E(2) receptor subtype 3 (E-prostanoid [EP] 3) in regulating blood pressure.', 'Mice bearing a genetic disruption of the EP3 gene (EP(3)(-/-)) exhibited reduced baseline mean arterial pressure monitored by both tail-cuff and carotid arterial catheteriz... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.387010335922241,
-1.3802896738052368,
2.7874369621276855
] |
['The prognosis of HIV-infected patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era approaches that of the general population when they are treated with the same protocols. We analyzed the outcome of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblast... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.357317566871643,
-1.6464881896972656,
1.9323548078536987
] |
['A prior study in patients undergoing breast surgery with and without the use of paravertebral blocks (PVB) found no significant difference in patient length of stay (LOS). However, patients undergoing bilateral procedures and those undergoing immediate reconstructions were excluded. We sought to determine if the use ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.566138744354248,
-1.8908685445785522,
1.4098453521728516
] |
['The mechanisms triggering nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain poorly defined.', 'Kupffer cells are the first responding cells to hepatocyte injuries, leading to TNFα production, chemokine induction, and monocyte recruitment. The silencing of TNFα in myeloid cells reduces NASH progression.'] Do kuppfer cells tr... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.603436231613159,
-1.1060302257537842,
2.7921271324157715
] |
['The yeast Orm1/2 proteins regulate ceramide biosynthesis.', 'Depletion of the mammalian Orm1/2 homologues, ORMDL1-3, eliminates the negative feedback of exogenous ceramide on ceramide biosynthesis in HeLa cells.'] Do mammalian ORMDL proteins mediate the feedback response in ceramide biosynthesis? | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6631381511688232,
-0.10995346307754517,
1.878376841545105
] |
['Evaluate the incidence of various morphologic types of congenital AS, and the association between valve morphology and long-term outcomes, including repeat BAV, AVR, and death/transplant.', 'Reports on long-term outcomes have low agreement on the influence of morphologic type.', 'We queried our institutional database... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1443088054656982,
-1.3733328580856323,
2.602975368499756
] |
['Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by excessive food intake during short periods of time. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in the endocannabinoid signalling could be involved in the pathophysiology of BED. In this study, we investigated whether pharmacological manipulation of endocannabinoid transm... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4794013500213623,
-1.2136719226837158,
2.7288241386413574
] |
['Pneumonia antibiotic timing performance measures can result in unnecessary antibiotic administration to patients in whom a diagnosis of pneumonia remains possible but has not been confirmed.', 'Our objective was to determine if unnecessary antibiotic administration to admissions with Emergency Department (ED) congest... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.278415322303772,
-1.4713785648345947,
1.8207507133483887
] |
['To investigate the relationship of aortic augmentation index (AIx) with N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) plasma levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with normal left ventricular (LV) function.', 'Totally, 31 patients (23 males, mean age 65 ± 7.4) with a confirmed diagnosis of ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7751089334487915,
-1.6828445196151733,
2.428619861602783
] |
['High-mobility-group box protein 1 (HMGB1), as a late mediator of inflammation, plays a key role in inflammatory responses by inducing and extending the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The effect of HGMB1 in the inflammatory disease thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is unknown. We aimed to investigate the role... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.413285970687866,
-1.3544994592666626,
2.8173112869262695
] |
['Total muscle triglyceride (MT) content has been associated with insulin resistance. We investigated the predictors and impact of MT on relevant metabolic parameters including peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in elderly twins.', 'Seventy-four elderly same-sex twins underwent hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.167800188064575,
-1.3323686122894287,
2.5443215370178223
] |
['Using single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, we observed allelic loss of the gene for serum glucocorticoid (GC) kinase 1 (SGK1), a GC-responsive kinase involved in multiple cellular functions, in a subset of cortisol-secreting adenomas.', 'Our objective was to analyze SGK1 expression in adrenocortical tumors and to... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9810047149658203,
-1.4260197877883911,
2.422928810119629
] |
['Dysfunctional adipose tissue plays an important role in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adipocyte dysfunction are incompletely understood.', 'The aim of the study was to identify differentially regulated pathways in sc adipocytes ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.394956588745117,
-1.2594517469406128,
2.7349610328674316
] |
['Acrodysostosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia that is associated with multiple resistance to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling hormones in a subset of patients. Acrodysostosis is genetically heterogeneous because it results from heterozygous mutations in PRKAR1A or PDE4D, two key actors in the GPCR-cAMP-prote... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.321690082550049,
-1.303504228591919,
2.646552085876465
] |
['Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most aggressive tumors that occur in childhood. Although genes, such as MYCN, have been shown to be involved in the aggressiveness of the disease, the identification of new biological markers is still desirable. The induction of differentiation is one of the strategies used in the tre... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4984195232391357,
-1.1575698852539062,
2.739778995513916
] |
["Coordination between the upper and lower extremities is important to providing dynamic stability during human gait. Though limited, previous research has suggested that interlimb coordination may be impaired in persons with Parkinson's disease. We extend this previous work using continuous analytical techniques to en... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4844985008239746,
-0.7415449619293213,
2.3038015365600586
] |
['The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and helical tomotherapy for endometrial cancer.', 'Between November 1, 2006 and November 31, 2010, 31 patients with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer were enrolled. All enrolled patients received total abdominal... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.306621789932251,
-1.393188714981079,
2.749544858932495
] |
['Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses are a problem for grape production globally. Symptoms are caused by a number of distinct viral species. During a survey of Napa Valley vineyards (California, USA), we found evidence of a new variant of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). We isolated its genome from a... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2604663372039795,
-0.040002040565013885,
1.4701156616210938
] |
['Anti-cancer drugs are widely used in cancer treatment frequently combined with surgical therapy and/or radiation therapy. Although surgery and radiation have been suggested to facilitate invasion and metastasis of tumor cells in some cases, there is so far little information about the effect of anti-cancer drugs on c... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.404834508895874,
-1.336478590965271,
2.805011510848999
] |
['The addition of boceprevir to therapy with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin results in significantly higher rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) in previously treated patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype-1 infection, compared with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin alone. We assessed SVR ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.462159276008606,
-1.6905438899993896,
2.109926462173462
] |
['Sickness absence is high in healthcare and contributes to nursing staff shortages reducing the efficiency and quality of patient care. Assessing the risk of sickness absence in working nurses opens opportunities for preventive strategies. Job satisfaction has attracted much attention in healthcare research and has be... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3340983390808105,
-0.7814332246780396,
1.1842825412750244
] |
['Fc receptor β chain (FcRβ) acts as a signaling component of FcγRIII in immune cells such as mast cells (MCs) or basophils. Recent studies reported that FcγRIII contributes to the development of arthritic inflammation. These findings suggest that FcRβ may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of arthritic inflammati... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4776675701141357,
-1.3058477640151978,
2.8223018646240234
] |
['Mice lacking the EF-hand Ca2+ sensor S100A1 display endothelial dysfunction because of distorted Ca2+ -activated nitric oxide (NO) generation.', 'To determine the pathophysiological role of S100A1 in endothelial cell (EC) function in experimental ischemic revascularization.', 'Patients with chronic critical limb isch... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.431601047515869,
-1.3513331413269043,
2.836545467376709
] |
['Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator system efficacy is tested at implant by induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF). Defibrillation safety margin can be assessed without VF induction using upper limit of vulnerability methods, but these methods have required manual determination of T-wave timing.', 'To test the... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7183316946029663,
-1.2892529964447021,
2.1373701095581055
] |
['Hyperglycemia-induced vascular cell apoptosis is a seminal early event in diabetic retinopathy. Prolonged hyperglycemia is known to increase intracellular cytosolic free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) in retinal vascular endothelial cells (RECs), suggesting that [Ca(2+)]i is a critical trigger for microvascular degeneration. Th... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.406792402267456,
-1.419458270072937,
2.8100528717041016
] |
['Myopathy is the most common side effect of statins. Because nitric oxide (NO) has a key role in regulating skeletal muscle function, we studied whether the NO-donating atorvastatin NCX 6560 could show a better profile on skeletal muscle function and structure compared with atorvastatin.', 'C57BL/6 mice received atorv... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0018081665039062,
-1.3883373737335205,
2.458352565765381
] |
['To evaluate the effects of danshensu, the main component of the extract of Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza, on the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).', 'The activation of HSC-T6 was induced by exposure to acetaldehyde. In the meantime, different doses of danshensu were added to the cu... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2357900142669678,
-1.3945616483688354,
2.662855625152588
] |
['Restoring the barrier integrity of the alveolar epithelium after injury is pivotal. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of surfactant, surfactant protein A (SP-A), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and analogues of SP-A on alveolar epithelial repair. Additionally, we assessed the influence of microvasc... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.483718156814575,
-1.2786386013031006,
2.819629192352295
] |
['To investigate the incidence and predisposing factors of macular pucker formation after pars plana vitrectomy in patients who developed primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.', 'We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 284 eyes in 284 patients who underwent primary retinal detachment repair by pars pla... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3163163661956787,
-1.2663689851760864,
2.685408353805542
] |
['To identify physician and visit characteristics affecting adherence to guidelines recommending delayed antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media (AOM).', 'We used physician visit data from an Israeli health maintenance organization to identify children ages 0-15 diagnosed with AOM. We defined early antibiotic treatme... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.392033815383911,
0.19743840396404266,
1.3423173427581787
] |
['Deregulation of forkhead box (Fox) proteins, an evolutionarily conserved family of transcriptional regulators, leads to tumorigenesis. Little is known about their regulation or functions in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Promoter hypermethylation occurs during Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. We investigat... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.366366386413574,
-1.2470382452011108,
2.67549467086792
] |
['Immunohistochemical staining reveals that the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 is present at higher frequency in the insulin-containing islets of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes than in controls. This is consistent with epidemiological evidence suggesting that enteroviral infection may contribute to the auto... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.320474624633789,
-1.3742892742156982,
2.8213493824005127
] |
['Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an hereditary bone disease in which increased bone fragility leads to frequent fractures and other complications, usually in an autosomal dominant fashion. An expanding list of genes that encode proteins related to collagen metabolism are now recognised as important causes of autosomal... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.376258611679077,
-1.0457220077514648,
2.5216426849365234
] |
['Although a family history of type 2 diabetes is a strong risk factor for the disease, the factors mediating this excess risk are poorly understood. In the InterAct case-cohort study, we investigated the association between a family history of diabetes among different family members and the incidence of type 2 diabete... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9580670595169067,
-0.7938847541809082,
1.8453034162521362
] |
['To evaluate whether T(2) and T(1ρ) relaxation times of knee cartilage determined with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline predict longitudinal progression of cartilage degenerative changes.', 'Quantitative analysis of cartilage was performed using 3T MRI with both T(2) and T(1ρ) mapping techniques in 55 s... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7375506162643433,
-1.444759726524353,
2.1563405990600586
] |
["The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of dopamine as a possible regulator of epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) in the Reissner's membrane (RM).", 'RM was freshly dissected from the gerbil cochlea, and short-circuit current (Isc) was measured using the voltage-sensitive vibrating probe technique... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.49491810798645,
-1.3002551794052124,
2.856086254119873
] |
['Studies suggest that children born very preterm have a high risk of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). We examined the relation between the larger spectrum of gestational age at birth and the risk of DCD.', '\u2002 We used the 7-year follow-up data from 22898 singletons in the Danish National Birth Cohort. We... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.4650307893753052,
-0.3694176971912384,
0.9023964405059814
] |
['This study was conducted to (1) compare the recovery times from rocuronium-induced muscle relaxation after reversal with sugammadex between young and elderly patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and (2) to examine the existence of a correlation between cardiac index and reversibility of rocuronium-ind... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.0243549346923828,
-1.7768934965133667,
1.7038288116455078
] |
['To examine clinical outcomes in hospitalized Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) using the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 2005 to 2009.', 'CDI can cause serious complications in hospitalized adults. On the basis of expert opinion, guidelines recommend AKI as a marker ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8706527948379517,
-1.094704508781433,
2.1287708282470703
] |
['The aim of this study was to present our technique to implant unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using navigation and to give our first results regarding the accuracy of the device.', 'A total of 33 patients with medial femorotibial osteoarthritis (31) or avascular necrosis (2) were included in this study. The ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6681631803512573,
-1.5521163940429688,
2.217827320098877
] |
['Ixodes scapularis saliva enables the transmission of infectious agents to the mammalian host due to its immunomodulatory, anesthetic and anti-coagulant properties. However, how I. scapularis saliva influences host cytokine secretion in the presence of the obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma phagocyt... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5841147899627686,
-1.1728792190551758,
2.8659915924072266
] |
['Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (TGCT) are the most frequently occurring malignancy in males from 15-45 years of age. They are derived from germ cells unable to undergo physiological maturation, although the genetic basis for this is poorly understood. A recent report showed that mutations in the RNase IIIb domain of DI... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2600324153900146,
-1.15604567527771,
2.4480457305908203
] |
['We have previously reported that macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Here, we quantified MIF expression in oral cavity carcinomas and looked for possible correlations with clinical outcome.', 'MIF expression was assessed by immunohistoc... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2527482509613037,
-1.3516631126403809,
2.709289073944092
] |
['The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and the need to identify molecular biomarkers is critical. Epithelial cells play a central role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We previously identified five "signature" biomarkers in colonic epithelial cells (CEC) that are predictive of disease p... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4495537281036377,
-1.1706552505493164,
2.6853814125061035
] |
['Leptin has been considered a link between metabolic state and reproductive activity. Defective reproductive function can occur in leptin-deficient and leptin-excessive conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of centrally injected leptin on the hypothalamic KiSS-1 system in relation to gonadotropi... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.285454750061035,
-1.1339900493621826,
2.350511312484741
] |
['In order to compare white matter syndrome of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS), an assessment on demographic, medical history, and clinical data was proposed.', 'Sixty-four patients with NPSLE and 178 with MS answered a questionnaire and were evaluated regarding functio... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.134939432144165,
-0.9531452655792236,
2.2509849071502686
] |
['Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important barrier to liver surgery and transplantation because it impairs remnant liver/reduced-size-graft regeneration. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), as an effective measure to overcome I/R injury, has been shown to enhance the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes. However, ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1493914127349854,
-1.4949393272399902,
2.6524059772491455
] |
['The present study aims to assess the extent to which attention to UK cigarette warnings is attributable to the graphic nature of the content.', 'A visual dot probe task was utilised, with the warnings serving as critical stimuli that were manipulated for the presence of graphic versus neutral image content, and the a... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8423770666122437,
-0.10824719816446304,
1.1257814168930054
] |
['The VKORC1 gene codes for the VKORC1 enzyme, which is responsible for the reduction of vitamin K epoxide into vitamin K. VKORC1 enzyme is the target of vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Twenty-eight rare single mutations in the VKORC1 coding sequence have been reported from resistant patients receiving unusually high dose... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.526484251022339,
-0.8871715664863586,
2.447136163711548
] |
['The transcription factor NF-κB consisting of the subunits RelA/p65 and p50 is known to be quickly activated after partial hepatectomy (PH), the functional relevance of which is still a matter of debate. Current concepts suggest that activation of NF-κB is especially critical in non-parenchymal cells to produce cytoki... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.19590163230896,
-1.379269003868103,
2.5625669956207275
] |
['To examine how voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) regulate sperm function in capacitation conditions.', 'Experimental prospective study.', 'Academic research laboratory.', 'Male ICR and female B6D2F1/CrljOri mice (8-12 weeks old).', 'Female mice were superovulated with 5 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin g... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.140500068664551,
-1.4935479164123535,
2.662750482559204
] |
['To examine the prevalence, etiology, risk factors, and outcomes of liver abnormality in pregnancy, in a tertiary medical center, and to study the potential impact of artificial reproduction techniques (ART) on the incidence and the outcome of pregnancy-related liver abnormality.', "A retrospective case-control study ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3447344303131104,
-1.0619382858276367,
2.487884044647217
] |
['Controversy exists about the correlation between liver ultrasonography and serum parameters for evaluating the severity of liver involvement in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was designed to determine the association between liver ultrasonography staging in NAFLD and serum parameters correlated... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8872846364974976,
-1.545011281967163,
2.4534692764282227
] |
["Clinical and sociodemographic findings have supported that OCD is heterogeneous and composed of multiple potentially overlapping and stable symptom dimensions. Previous neuroimaging investigations have correlated different patterns of OCD dimension scores and gray matter (GM) volumes. Despite their relevant contribut... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.452775478363037,
-1.075963020324707,
2.5590946674346924
] |
["The use of multiple trajectories microelectrode recording (MER) during implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is discussed controversially because of possible risks and unclear benefits. The aim of the study is to investigat... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.191274404525757,
-1.1394551992416382,
2.4053850173950195
] |
['Practice variation in the primary care treatment of depression may be considerable in the Netherlands, due to relatively small and unregulated practices. We adapted the collaborative care model for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) to accommodate existing practice variation and tested whether this had ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.0332703590393066,
-1.3893383741378784,
1.476260781288147
] |
['Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard care regimen for patients with breast cancer. However, the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate remains at 30%. We hypothesized that a cancer stem cell marker may identify NAC-resistant patients, and evaluated CD133 and ALDH1 as a potential surrogate marker for breast c... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2724519968032837,
-1.731626272201538,
1.9021656513214111
] |
['Stomach adenocarcinoma represents a major health problem and is regarded as the second commonest cause of cancer-associated mortality, universally, since it is still difficult to be perceived at a curable stage. Several lines of evidence have pointed out that the expression of L-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene and/or p... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3526415824890137,
-1.3107028007507324,
2.7496464252471924
] |
['Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has the potential to improve adequacy rates and affect other outcomes; however, there have been few comparative studies to assess the impact of ROSE in the setting of ultrasound-guided endoscopic fine-needle aspiration cytology for pancreatic lesions.', 'To determine whether ROSE impro... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1028506755828857,
-1.353344440460205,
2.523702621459961
] |
['The immune microenvironment is key to the pathophysiology of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Twenty percent of patients experience failure of their initial treatment, and others receive excessively toxic treatment. Prognostic scores and biomarkers have yet to influence outcomes significantly. Previous biomarker stu... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9047642946243286,
-1.457100749015808,
2.396256446838379
] |
['We used the GK/Par rat, a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes with early defective beta cell neogenesis, to determine whether the development of GK/Par offspring in a non-diabetic intrauterine/postnatal environment would prevent the alteration of fetal beta cell mass (BCM) and ultimately decrease the risk of diabete... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2019922733306885,
-1.0494539737701416,
2.3098342418670654
] |
['PubMed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO and Cochrane library databases were searched.', 'Randomised controlled trials that investigated the protective effects of honey in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy that used either the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) or World Health Organisat... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5883190631866455,
-0.7621212601661682,
2.5532619953155518
] |
['Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Dissertation Abstracts, SIGLE, the WorldWideWeb (Google) and the Community of Science Database were searched for relevant trials and references. Reference lists from relevant articles were scanned and the authors contacted to identify trials and obtain ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3544880151748657,
-1.5542675256729126,
1.939039707183838
] |
['To report the long term result following complications that arose after "prophylactic" placement of midurethral sling (MUS) during prolapse repair.', 'After institutional review board approval, the records of patients who presented with complications of prophylactic MUS and had a minimum 1 year follow up after repair... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.393775224685669,
-1.1100049018859863,
2.6375033855438232
] |
['ETHNOPHARMCOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ginseng, a folk medicine which has been used for thousands of years in Asia, has been promoted for the treatment or prevention of health problems including cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanism of ginseng-induced cardiovascular protection is unclear. Thus, we investig... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6785120964050293,
-0.8443241715431213,
2.6339287757873535
] |
['Successful drug treatment for sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI) remains a major clinical problem. This study was designed to assess the beneficial effects of post-treatment of oroxylin A (OroA), a flavonoid, in ameliorating lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced lung inflammation and fatality.', 'Rats were injected w... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.091758966445923,
-1.4573017358779907,
2.5900301933288574
] |
['Diphencyprone (DPCP) is a therapeutic agent for treating alopecia areata. To improve skin absorption and follicular targeting nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed.', 'Nanoparticles were characterized by size, zeta potential, molecular environment, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nuclear ma... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.260500431060791,
-1.5267201662063599,
2.805734634399414
] |
['Dominant frequencies (DFs) of activation are higher in the atria of patients with persistent than paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), and left atrial (LA)-to-right atrial (RA) DF gradients have been identified in both. However, whether such gradients are maintained as long-term persistent AF is established remains u... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6496659517288208,
-1.615256428718567,
2.2782206535339355
] |
['MicroRNA-100 (miR-100), a small noncoding RNA molecule, acts as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in different cancers. The aberrant expression of this microRNA has been demonstrated as a frequent event in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but little is known for pediatric AML. The aim of this study w... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1318345069885254,
-1.191133737564087,
2.2995312213897705
] |
['B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) has been found to have the function of activating B cells and participating in the class switching of B cells; however, its clinical application needs further study. In the present study, the serum BAFF levels of patients with IgA nephropat... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2629683017730713,
-1.3305585384368896,
2.6139512062072754
] |
['Literature data suggest that sleep disturbances are prevalent among patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and have a close correlation with pain. Other studies indicate that sleep disturbances are constantly accompanied by depression and anxiety in AS, but their interrelations are poorly understood. This study wa... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0153019428253174,
-1.0650315284729004,
2.1167116165161133
] |
['Episodic memory impairment is a common but poorly-understood phenomenon in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aim to establish the relative contributions of reduced integrity of components of the extended hippocampal-diencephalic system to memory performance in MS patients using quantitative neuroimaging.', '34 patients wit... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8908019065856934,
-1.5375723838806152,
2.411776065826416
] |
['Several factors affect the end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (P(ET)CO(2)) and increase the arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure gradient (P(a-ET)CO(2)) during general anesthesia. We evaluated the relationship between age and P(a-ET)CO(2) during pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position in patients... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9345699548721313,
-1.408949851989746,
2.3568971157073975
] |
['This study examines the relationship between the number of lymph nodes removed during modified radical neck dissection and the incidence of disease recurrence.', 'A retrospective review of 117 patients with papillary thyroid cancer and lateral neck involvement (levels 2-5) who underwent modified radical neck dissecti... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2094539403915405,
-1.4202659130096436,
1.7309749126434326
] |
['Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is associated with adverse effects on cardiac geometry and function. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been proved an effective treatment modality for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), whereas adaptive ser... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9832234382629395,
-1.5730901956558228,
2.553631544113159
] |
['Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing at alarming rates in obese children. The study aim was to describe body composition/somatotype and its interrelationships to biomarkers of liver disease, insulin resistance, and lipid and cytokine expression in youth with NAFLD.', 'Somatotype and body composition... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.021655797958374,
-1.4428279399871826,
2.552598714828491
] |
['The role of CNVs in male infertility is poorly defined, and only those linked to the Y chromosome have been the object of extensive research. Although it has been predicted that the X chromosome is also enriched in spermatogenesis genes, no clinically relevant gene mutations have been identified so far.', 'In order t... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8872708082199097,
-1.1232450008392334,
2.0762195587158203
] |
['Characteristics of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) have been inadequately compared to CAP caused by other respiratory pathogens. The performance of prediction rules for CAP during an epidemic with a new infectious agent are unknown.', 'Prospective, population-b... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2894004583358765,
-1.348274827003479,
1.705737829208374
] |
['The aim of this study was to evaluate triglyceride and cholesterol levels in diabetic rats and their relationship with pulpal and periodontal diseases.', "Eighty male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) were divided into the following eight groups comprising ten animals each: normal rats (G1), rats with pulpal d... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3960082530975342,
-1.1307612657546997,
1.6722157001495361
] |
['In humans, fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production is controlled by many intricate mechanisms that, to date, remain only partly understood.', 'Pharmacogenomic analysis of the effects of hydroxyurea (HU) on HbF production was undertaken in a collection of Hellenic β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) compound heteroz... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.386566400527954,
-1.2566584348678589,
2.7419066429138184
] |
['Development of a skin rash under treatment with EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors (EGFRIs) has been linked to a favorable prognosis in some studies, suggesting a possible immunological role for EGFRIs in addition to direct antagonistic downstream effects. The present study aimed to investigate whether particular HLA pol... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.276721715927124,
-1.2265443801879883,
2.564549446105957
] |
['Traditional Japanese medicine, known as Kampo medicine, consists of mixtures of several medicinal herbs widely used to treat upper gastrointestinal disorders in Japan. Rikkunshito, one of these medicines, has not been evaluated with respect to its influence on gastrointestinal motor activity. We investigated the effe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.451035261154175,
-1.1803570985794067,
2.614506244659424
] |
['We aimed to characterize the association between levels of serum and follicular fluid (FF) adipocytokines, reflected by the leptin to adiponectin ratio (L:A ratio), and oocyte quality and in vitro embryo development in women undergoing assisted reproduction. We also aimed to assess whether follicular hormonal pathway... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.1295348405838013,
-1.7210160493850708,
1.8405086994171143
] |
['To investigate whether therapeutic treatment with melatonin could protect rats against acute pancreatitis and its associated lung injury.', 'Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham operation (SO), severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and melatonin treatment (MT) groups. Acut... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.0354337692260742,
-1.7455518245697021,
1.7823225259780884
] |
['Latex from Hevea brasiliensis (natural rubber tree primarily cultivated for its rubber particles) has no known primary metabolic function, although its biological role is as a plant defence system. The present study has evaluated specific anti-proliferative effects of latex whole C-serum and its subfractions, on huma... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2956979274749756,
-1.2683818340301514,
2.6398777961730957
] |
['To assess the relative effect of clinical factors and medications on pain intensity, physical function, and health status in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).', 'We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of data from children with JIA enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4891200065612793,
-0.7935612201690674,
2.4638760089874268
] |
['Older men tend to have poorer semen quality and are generally at higher risks for infertility and abnormal reproductive outcomes.', 'We employed proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE, 3 MeV proton beam) to investigate the concentrations of zinc, copper, calcium, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, titanium, iron and nickel in... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.324502944946289,
-0.680064857006073,
2.1294431686401367
] |
['Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a new causative agent of chronic hepatitis in solid organ transplant recipients. Clinical studies suggest that the occurrence and persistence of chronic HEV infection are related to the immunological status of patients.', 'We used whole-genome microarray and quantitative reverse transcripti... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.325061559677124,
-1.104928970336914,
2.5933446884155273
] |
['Both brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and volume overload are reported to be powerful predictors of survival for peritoneal dialysis patients. The usefulness of single BNP determinations in helping determine volume status in peritoneal dialysis patients remains controversial, so we reviewed serial BNP and multifrequen... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.235904574394226,
-1.7516478300094604,
1.9909647703170776
] |
['Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic oxidative stress on gastric mucosa, thereby causing mucosal damage and increasing the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Nrf2 is an important transcription factor, regulating the antioxidant response in the cells. Nrf2 signaling is repressed by Keap1 at basal condition and in... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.457615375518799,
-1.2431166172027588,
2.75650691986084
] |
['The precise immunological mechanisms for the early clinical protection of venom immunotherapy (VIT) have not yet been explained. Our aim was to evaluate whether high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) and the related basophil function have a role in the induction of short-term VIT protection.', 'We included 60 adults and ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.248945474624634,
-1.3740322589874268,
2.6502556800842285
] |
['The aim of this study was to explore the role of expectations in relation to patient-rated global treatment outcome in patients undergoing hip preservation surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).', 'Pre-operatively, 86 patients completed the Oxford Hip Score (OHS), a question about the motivation for undergoi... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5855029821395874,
-0.5488464832305908,
1.259850025177002
] |
['Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major periodontopathogen that plays a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA), a natural triterpenoid compound derived from licorice root extract, on P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.483837604522705,
-1.3362867832183838,
2.8394765853881836
] |
['Obesity is associated with hypertension, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Bariatric surgery significantly decreases weight and blood pressure (BP). Low plasma nitric oxide (NO) and raised asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO, concentrations are associated with both obesity... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2397348880767822,
-1.600670576095581,
1.8451530933380127
] |
['To study the potential role for using serum biomarkers, including insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, antimüllerian hormone, and inhibin B, as correlates of intratesticular T (IT-T) concentrations in men.', 'Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.', 'University-based medical center.', 'Thirty-s... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.384845018386841,
-1.2763278484344482,
2.7446200847625732
] |
['It has recently been shown that the lactation-induced inflammatory state in the liver of dairy cows is accompanied by activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which regulates the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes and thereby protects tissues from inflammatory mediators and... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.391827344894409,
-1.2567965984344482,
2.6643733978271484
] |
['Periventricular nodular heterotopia are common malformations of cortical development that are associated with many clinical syndromes and with many different neuroimaging phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific malformation phenotypes may be related to location, side, or number of PNH ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4495339393615723,
-1.1767408847808838,
2.7552597522735596
] |
['Coordinated cell growth and development requires that cells regulate the expression of large sets of genes in an appropriate manner, and one of the most complex and metabolically demanding pathways that cells must manage is that of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biosynthesis depends upon the activity of hundreds of ge... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6140477657318115,
0.6846136450767517,
1.061916470527649
] |
['To test the hypothesis that the subset of patients with impaired renal function who are exposed to gadolinium-containing contrast agents (GCCAs) and develop nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) have a genetic predisposition for disease.', 'We examined whether an intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in caveoli... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3081085681915283,
-1.194016456604004,
2.5715057849884033
] |
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