sot_question stringlengths 42 9.8k | ds_name stringclasses 8
values | pred_label int64 0 2 | logits listlengths 3 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
['To evaluate whether a dose increase in angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) or in calcium channel blocker (CCB) is useful for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who do not reach their target blood pressure with ARB/CCB combined therapy.', 'The antihypertensive effect and the influence on the renal function were c... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.793377161026001,
-1.4905955791473389,
2.31198787689209
] |
['In human blood, two main subsets of antigen-presenting-cells (APCs) have been described: plasmocytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) which are further subdivided in CD11c-mDC and CD16-mDC DC. In ulcerative colitis patients (UC) peripheral blood APCs express significant levels of the activatio... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.319809913635254,
-1.4103586673736572,
2.799888849258423
] |
['The otolith-driven translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (tVOR) generates compensatory eye movements to linear head accelerations. Studies in humans indicate that the cerebellum plays a critical role in the neural control of the tVOR, but little is known about mechanisms of this control or the functions of specific c... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3201212882995605,
-0.5530404448509216,
1.9003419876098633
] |
['Dinoflagellates are an ecologically important group of protists with important functions as primary producers, coral symbionts and in toxic red tides. Although widely studied, the natural diversity of dinoflagellates is not well known. DNA barcoding has been utilized successfully for many protist groups. We used this... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-0.9646059274673462,
0.4160490930080414,
-0.14196550846099854
] |
['The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of a thickened endometrial echo in an asymptomatic, postmenopausal patient.', 'A retrospective review was conducted of all women who underwent transvaginal ultrasonography between January 2003 and August 2008, were found to have an endometrial thickness of at... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1375253200531006,
-1.192919373512268,
2.4377658367156982
] |
['to test whether a single episode of early-life seizures may interfere with the development of the cerebellum. The cerebellum is particularly vulnerable in infants, since it is characterized by an important postnatal histogenesis that leads to the settling of adult circuitry.', 'seizures were induced in 10-day-old Wis... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4727869033813477,
-1.270240068435669,
2.751131296157837
] |
['The most accepted standard duration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (na-CHT) before debulking surgery for advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) is 3 courses. However a percentage of patients could benefit from additional courses. [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT monitoring during na-CHT could predict early pathological response and allow the d... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.7707059979438782,
-1.8975814580917358,
1.5960538387298584
] |
['Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a transcription factor that promotes proliferation, is highly expressed in dividing crypt cells of the gastrointestinal epithelium, and is induced by various stress stimuli. We sought to determine the role of KLF5 in colonic inflammation and recovery by studying mice with dextran sulfa... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2193400859832764,
-1.3308804035186768,
2.4825873374938965
] |
['To calculate and compare the direct medical costs of guideline-recommended prophylaxis with prophylaxis that does not fully adhere with guideline recommendations in a large, real-world population.', 'Discharge records were retrieved from the US Premier Perspective™ database (January 2003-December 2003) for patients a... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.1448944807052612,
-1.6998664140701294,
1.7630668878555298
] |
['Delivered systemically or natively circulating mesenchymal stem cells accumulate in injured tissues. During homing mesenchymal stem cells adhere to endothelial cells and infiltrate underlying tissue. Previously we have shown that adhesiveness of endothelial cells for mesenchymal stem cells correlates with the inhibit... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.529883623123169,
-1.2495819330215454,
2.883496046066284
] |
['The features of the metabolic syndrome include glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity, all of which are risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) play a key role in atherosclerosis. We examined the associatio... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3396427631378174,
-1.201452612876892,
2.6106181144714355
] |
['Anorectal symptoms are common in urogynaecological patients, and so are anatomical abnormalities of the anorectum associated with such symptoms. One such abnormality is rectal intussusception (RI). The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of RI in a tertiary urogynaecological population and... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.246072292327881,
-1.3476688861846924,
2.6926941871643066
] |
['We investigated the association between the increased eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) level and MDM2 overexpression in the esophageal cancer tissue and cells.', 'This was a retrospective study of specimens from esophageal cancer patients treated over a 5-year period in a Taiwan university hospital... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.119866132736206,
-1.488891363143921,
2.6774649620056152
] |
['• To determine if the RENAL nephrometry score is associated with urine leak after partial nephrectomy for tumours ≤ 7 cm.', '• Thirty-one patients who developed urine leak after partial nephrectomy between 1998 and 2006 were identified. Each patient was individually matched (1 : 4 by age, gender and surgery date) to ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.7121814489364624,
-1.646220326423645,
1.4263029098510742
] |
['Inducible cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) is commonly overexpressed in breast tumors and is a target for cancer therapy. Here, we studied the association of COX-2 with breast cancer survival and how this association is influenced by tumor estrogen and HER2 receptor status and Akt pathway activation.', "Tumor COX-2, HER2 and ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1038787364959717,
-1.429135799407959,
2.5097415447235107
] |
['Therapeutic strategies remain controversial for the completely resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients with worse long-term survival. Comprehensive patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy should be based on proven risk factors.', 'The records of 610 patients with pathologic stage I complete pulmonary... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.997494101524353,
-1.5114368200302124,
2.6063389778137207
] |
['Solitary pulmonary lesion poses a diagnostic challenge, especially in patients with a history of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of solitary pulmonary lesions and the outcome of surgical resection.', 'We retrospectively analyzed 243 patients with a history of cancer who under... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.401813268661499,
-0.6923742890357971,
2.207016944885254
] |
['\u2002 To examine the relation between central hemodynamics, clinical severity and microvascular findings in tongue and skin during sepsis.', '\u2002 Skin and tongue microcirculation was examined using laser Doppler and video microscopy techniques before and 200 min after inducing sepsis in pigs (n=6) by inactivated ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9430084228515625,
-1.2645013332366943,
2.300767421722412
] |
['Birth weight (BW) is an important prognostic parameter for neonatal morbidity and mortality. Commonly used weight formulas lack accuracy, especially at the lower and upper end of the fetal weight range. Fetal abdominal circumference (AC) as part of most of the commonly used equations has the greatest impact on weight... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-0.545692503452301,
-1.4951518774032593,
1.096305251121521
] |
['The aim of the study was to investigate the association of plasma amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP) with subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and normal LV ejection fraction.', 'The study was performed in 57 AS patients with normal LV ej... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8776705265045166,
-1.5749094486236572,
2.4753341674804688
] |
['The transitional-CpG sites between weakly methylated genes and densely methylated retroelements are overmethylated in the gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and they are undermethylated in the gastric cancers depending on the level of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events. This study delineate... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2837626934051514,
-1.169137716293335,
2.511496067047119
] |
['Temporal lobectomy is a well-established treatment for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, yet many patients experience at least one seizure postoperatively. Little is known about the prognostic significance of the time from surgery to first seizure relapse in predicting long-term outcome.', 'In a retrospective analys... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8580962419509888,
-1.3344063758850098,
2.1997640132904053
] |
['Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease for which the association with mycobacteria continues to strengthen. It is hypothesized that a single, poorly degradable antigen is responsible for sarcoidosis pathogenesis. Several reports from independent groups support mycobacterial antigens having a role in sarco... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9109350442886353,
-1.4799177646636963,
2.3346264362335205
] |
['β-amyloid peptides (Aβs) have been shown to block cerebral nitrergic neurogenic vasodilation by blocking sympathetic α7-nAChRs, and that oestrogen prevents Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. We examined whether Aβ-inhibition of α7-nAChR-mediated cerebral nitrergic vasodilation was prevented by oestrogen.', 'Effects of Aβ and ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.390061140060425,
-1.3569769859313965,
2.7619781494140625
] |
['Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is frequent in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and might be associated with a more aggressive phenotype. The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic value of β-catenin immunohistochemistry and CTNNB1 (β-catenin gene)/APC (adenomatous polyposis coli gene) m... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.330810070037842,
-1.4133669137954712,
2.8052384853363037
] |
['The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor flavopiridol is currently being tested in clinical trials as anticancer drug. Beyond its cell death-inducing action, we hypothesized that flavopiridol affects inflammatory processes. Therefore, we elucidated the action of flavopiridol on leukocyte-endothelial cell interacti... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.433837652206421,
-1.2453579902648926,
2.726210594177246
] |
['In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), oxidative stress gives rise to endothelial dysfunction. Bilirubin, a powerful endogenous antioxidant, significantly attenuates endothelial dysfunction in preclinical experiments. The Gilbert syndrome is accompanied by a mild and lifelong hyperbilirubinemia and associated with only ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3113033771514893,
-1.4422855377197266,
2.763370990753174
] |
['Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are an age-related vascular disease and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we sought to determine whether the catalytic component of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), modulates angiotensin (Ang) II-induced AAA formation.', 'Low-density lip... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4835917949676514,
-1.3133618831634521,
2.8358969688415527
] |
['To examine whether a lack of prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) on bone marrow-derived cells would increase local inflammation and enhance the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in vivo.', 'Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) through activation of EP4, can mute inflammation. Hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprote... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.133617639541626,
-1.4236335754394531,
2.5792155265808105
] |
["Lactic acid, a natural by-product of glycolysis, is produced at excess levels in response to impaired mitochondrial function, high-energy demand, and low oxygen availability. The enzyme involved in the production of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) of Alzheimer's disease, BACE1, functions optimally at lower pH, which led us to... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.579127073287964,
-1.0675480365753174,
2.714909553527832
] |
['In terms of prognosis, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) differs distinctively from other non-small cell lung cancers, with the prognosis of LCNEC being poor, even for early-stage disease. Improvements in survival require a biomarker capable of defining a subset of patients destined to do poorly so that the... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9247827529907227,
-1.4738152027130127,
2.397348403930664
] |
['To assess preoperative depression in middle-aged men undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and to determine if depression is related to perioperative outcomes.', 'One hundred and nine middle-aged male patients were randomly selected and assessed for depression one day before CABG using the Symptom Ch... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3328505754470825,
-0.8228239417076111,
1.2354170083999634
] |
['DNA vaccines represent an attractive approach for cancer treatment by inducing active T cell and B cell immune responses to tumor antigens. Previous studies have shown that interleukin-13 receptor α2 chain (IL-13Rα2), a tumor-associated antigen is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy as high levels of IL-13Rα2... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3185958862304688,
-1.3654736280441284,
2.7479286193847656
] |
["Comparative data on budesonide vs mesalamine for the treatment of mild-to-moderately active Crohn's disease (CD) are sparse. We assessed the efficacy and safety of each therapy in patients with mildly to moderately active CD.", 'We performed a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, 8-week, multicenter study in which... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.1590181589126587,
-1.7698259353637695,
1.8957929611206055
] |
['The adenosine A(2A) receptor (ADORA(2A)) may ameliorate deleterious physiologic effects associated with tissue injury in individuals with diabetes. We explored associations between variants of the ADORA(2A) gene and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).', 'The pa... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.0874602794647217,
-1.486732840538025,
2.5778403282165527
] |
['To examine the biocontrol activity of broad-range antagonists Serratia plymuthica IC1270, Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 and P. fluorescens B-4117 against tumourigenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. vitis.', 'Under greenhouse conditions, the antagonists, applied via root soak prior to injecting Agrobact... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4670064449310303,
-1.226870059967041,
2.8360660076141357
] |
['Poor bone quality at implant recipient site is a major risk factor for implant failure. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of intramarrow bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) gene delivery for local bone quality improvement.', 'Adenoviral vector encoding human BMP4 (Ad-BMP4) was constructed. Adenovi... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2539608478546143,
-1.464601993560791,
2.745368003845215
] |
['The very high cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity rates in hemodialysis (HD) patients are greatly related to atherosclerosis. CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor/CTGF) is a profibrotic factor that is secreted by endothelial cells, involved in atherogenesis, promoting fibroblast proliferation and matrix prod... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8062158823013306,
-1.5375947952270508,
2.3680734634399414
] |
['Our aims were to evaluate evidence of risk factors for falls among patients in stroke rehabilitation and to offer recommendations for clinical practice and future research.', 'We conducted an integrative review of the literature published from 1990 to 2009 that describes empirical investigations of risk factors for p... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.910064220428467,
-0.09821312129497528,
2.2143330574035645
] |
['Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors may exert immune-mediated effects in human gastric mucosa. T-cell immune response plays a role in Helicobacter pylori-induced pathogenesis. This study evaluated effects of celecoxib and lansoprazole on T-helper (Th) 1 and Th2 immune response in ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4580583572387695,
-1.3734984397888184,
2.842186689376831
] |
['Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a severe complication limiting long-term survival after lung transplantation. To date, no cure exists for BO, and the mechanisms leading to BO are not well understood. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent mitogenic and profibrotic peptide produced by pulmonary vascular endothelial cells th... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.841994047164917,
-1.6316032409667969,
2.4516897201538086
] |
['Qualitative analysis of circulating DNA in the blood is a promising non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tool. Our aim was to study the association between the presence of KRAS mutations at codon 12 and several clinical variables in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.', 'We examined 308 stage IIIB... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.861435890197754,
-1.5139033794403076,
2.3881990909576416
] |
['This study investigated the effect of low to moderate electrical stimulation rates (275, 350, 500 and 900 pps/ch) on modulation detection ability of cochlear implant subjects, and the relationship between modulation detection and speech perception as a function of rate.', "A repeated ABCD experimental design for the ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4126698970794678,
-1.0411155223846436,
2.491427421569824
] |
["Infliximab is effective for induction and maintenance of remission in children with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD).", 'To evaluate the long-term efficacy of infliximab treatment in paediatric CD.', 'In this observational, multicentre study, all paediatric CD patients in The Netherlands treated wit... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3261724710464478,
-1.5478683710098267,
1.859731674194336
] |
['Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset of many human diseases, such as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. OATP 1B1 is an important polymorphism gene which transmembrane transports unconjugated bilirubin(UCB). Genetic polymorphisms that affect the functionality of the protein may potentially lead... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1817398071289062,
-1.5115052461624146,
2.7095203399658203
] |
['To evaluate the effect of glucose regulation on intravitreal ranibizumab injection for clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME).', 'This retrospective study enrolled 65 eyes of 65 patients with persistent DME treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection. The main outcome measures were the change in best... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2267926931381226,
-1.7572615146636963,
1.9629892110824585
] |
['A low-sodium diet is an accepted treatment of patients with heart failure (HF), although minimal evidence exists on the appropriate amount of sodium intake for this population. Certain HF guidelines have liberalized dietary sodium recommendations, which actually exceed guidelines for healthy adults.', 'We tested the ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2429299354553223,
-1.4225666522979736,
1.7043739557266235
] |
['Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess potent immune modulatory effects which support their possible use as a therapy for immune-mediated disease. MSC induce regulatory T cells (T(reg)) in vitro although the in vivo relevance of this is not clear.', 'This study addressed the hypothesis that ad... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5343523025512695,
-1.2322889566421509,
2.8772225379943848
] |
['The Hand Function Survey (HFS) is a questionnaire designed to measure self-reported ability to use the affected hand during 13 everyday tasks in people with stroke. The HFS appears practical for clinical use and has established psychometric properties. This study aimed to investigate test-retest reliability and respo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.789634108543396,
-1.0136046409606934,
1.8921301364898682
] |
['Cysteine protease cathepsins are important in extracellular matrix protein degradation, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Mice lacking cathepsins are protected from tumor progression in several animal models, suggesting that the regulation of cathepsin activities controls the growth of various malignant tumors.', 'We... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.439068078994751,
-1.299569845199585,
2.796328544616699
] |
['Lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) acts on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the peripheral circulation, liberating free fatty acids for energy metabolism or storage. This essential enzyme is synthesized in parenchymal cells of adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle and migrates to the luminal side of the vascular endothel... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5692203044891357,
-1.1812824010849,
2.7814979553222656
] |
['The aim for this study is to examine whether proximal, as opposed to distal, oesophageal reflux predicts a good outcome after fundoplication in patients with suspected acid-induced chronic cough.', 'Between 1999 and 2007, 81 patients with refractory chronic cough underwent manometry and dual-probe pH studies. In 59 p... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.881075382232666,
-1.3715121746063232,
2.276130199432373
] |
['OBJCTIVE: The objectives were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ondansetron in the out-of-hospital treatment of undifferentiated nausea or vomiting.', 'Patients with severe nausea or intractable vomiting who were transported by paramedic-staffed ambulances in eight California counties were treated with intraveno... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6796278953552246,
-1.4958977699279785,
2.150285243988037
] |
['Treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with pegylated interferon α (pegIFNα) and ribavirin results in a sustained response in approximately half of patients. Viral interference with IFNα signal transduction through the Jak-STAT pathway might be an important factor underlying treatment failure. S-adenosyl-L-methionine... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1546270847320557,
-1.4306399822235107,
2.622673511505127
] |
['Aldosterone induces inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney, while nuclear factor κB (NFκB) plays key roles in inflammation mediated by various cytokines. Here, we determined the roles of NFκB activation in aldosterone-induced kidney injury.', 'We used unilaterally nephrectomized rats with or without continuous aldos... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3951284885406494,
-1.3362699747085571,
2.782960891723633
] |
['Increasing evidence suggests an association between periodontal disease and low birthweight (LBW); however the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we performed a microarray analysis to observe the human placental trophoblast-like BeWo cells response to lipopolysaccharide (LP... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3624792098999023,
-1.4037691354751587,
2.7530946731567383
] |
['Natural killer (NK) cells play a major role in anti-viral immunity as first line defense and regulation of virus-specific T cell responses. This study aimed to investigate phenotype and function of NK cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and to study the effect of anti-viral therapy.', 'Pe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.53214955329895,
-1.0346412658691406,
2.6046814918518066
] |
['To assess the long Y chromosome genetic effect on human pregnancy outcomes.', 'We studied all records of pregnancies by human sperm donors after artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya. Fetal losses were compared from two groups of sperm donors: the ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.2102264165878296,
0.03612479567527771,
0.31915411353111267
] |
['The induction of fetal hemoglobin during definitive erythropoiesis is a major therapeutic goal in β-globin gene disorders. Butyrate induces fetal hemoglobin, and p38 phosphorylation has been implicated in this process. We studied p38 and the effect of its inhibitors in a physiologic primary cell model of fetal/embryo... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4080393314361572,
-1.2935197353363037,
2.757796287536621
] |
['Bacteriocin production is an important characteristic of E. coli strains of human origin. To date, 26 colicin and 9 microcin types have been analyzed on a molecular level allowing molecular detection of the corresponding genes. The production incidence of 29 bacteriocin types and E. coli phylogroups were tested in a ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.073859453201294,
-1.3762327432632446,
2.5793914794921875
] |
['Combined vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and measles vaccine (MV) has been associated with increased mortality in observational studies. Among children missing MV and a dose of DTP and oral polio vaccine (OPV), we conducted a randomised trial of providing MV+DTP+OPV simultaneously, as currently re... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5175596475601196,
-1.5346121788024902,
2.030355930328369
] |
['The Wnt non-canonical pathway (Wnt5a > Frizzled-2 > cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase/Ca2+-mobilization pathway regulates the activation of NF-AT) is mediated by three mammalian Dishevelleds (Dvl1, Dvl2, and Dvl3) and the role of the C-terminal region unique to Dvl3 was interrogated.', 'Dvl1, Dvl2, and Dvl3 are expressed ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2498419284820557,
-1.3570277690887451,
2.6115002632141113
] |
['The literature suggests that blood product transfusions have a negative impact on the survival of liver transplant patients. We investigated the impact of intraoperative blood product usage on the survival of liver transplantation patients being transplanted for hepatitis C-related end-stage liver disease. In additio... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.300584077835083,
-0.6828388571739197,
2.0698306560516357
] |
['The objective is to test the concept of "pay for performance" for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.', 'We constructed 53 benchmark performance standards (10 labeled "critical") and prospectively assessed the effect of adherence to these standards on morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing resection of... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-0.5180739760398865,
0.5279468894004822,
-0.7688056230545044
] |
['To examine associations between psychosocial profile (psychological distress and social support) and changing oral health status (dental caries and periodontal disease), among a group of immigrants from Ethiopia to Israel.', 'Three hundred and forty immigrants, aged 18-75 years, with a mean age of 38.4±13.5 years, co... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.142823338508606,
-0.7052048444747925,
0.8972439765930176
] |
['Eukaryotic transcription activators normally consist of a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a transcription activation domain (AD). While many sequence patterns and motifs have been defined for DBDs, ADs do not share easily recognizable motifs or structures.', 'We report herein that the N-terminal domain... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.329822301864624,
-1.0586086511611938,
2.3618741035461426
] |
['Cysteine proteases have been shown to be highly relevant for Apicomplexan parasites. In the case of Babesia bovis, a tick-transmitted hemoparasite of cattle, inhibitors of these enzymes were shown to hamper intraerythrocytic replication of the parasite, underscoring their importance for survival.', 'Four papain-like ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2887282371520996,
-1.3882594108581543,
2.721498727798462
] |
['Propriospinal neurons, with axonal projections intrinsic to the spinal cord, have shown a greater regenerative response than supraspinal neurons after axotomy due to spinal cord injury (SCI). Our previous work focused on the response of axotomized short thoracic propriospinal (TPS) neurons following a low thoracic SC... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.3139421939849854,
-1.1986606121063232,
2.5291106700897217
] |
['About forty human diseases are caused by repeat instability mutations. A distinct subset of these diseases is the result of extreme expansions of polymorphic trinucleotide repeats; typically CAG repeats encoding poly-glutamine (poly-Q) tracts in proteins. Polymorphic repeat length variation is also apparent in human ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2571096420288086,
-0.9278275370597839,
2.3064217567443848
] |
['Cancer cachexia is a dynamic process characterized by a negative energy balance induced by anorexia and hypermetabolism. The mechanisms leading to hypermetabolism are not totally elucidated. This study examines the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and energy wasting in liver mitochondria isolated from rats wit... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9545992612838745,
-1.4074164628982544,
2.369530200958252
] |
['The aims were to analyse changes in nutritional parameters from diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to death and to assess their relationships with survival at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up.', '92 ALS patients were included and clinically assessed every 3 months (ALS functional rating scale,... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.08693265914917,
-1.1861834526062012,
2.334357976913452
] |
['Premature birth and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are risk factors for disturbed lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The molecular mechanisms related to prematurity and BPD remain largely unknown. Epithelial expression of the transcription factor GATA-6 has been implicated in normal and abnor... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4235126972198486,
-1.1527255773544312,
2.627913475036621
] |
['The role of chemotherapy in metastatic esophageal carcinoma (MEC) remains a matter of debate. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the survival impact of chemotherapy after stratification for prognostic factors.', 'Consecutive patients with MEC (1995 to 2008) were randomly assigned to a development (n =... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.491190791130066,
-1.3709025382995605,
1.8643486499786377
] |
['BAD protein (Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death) belongs to the BH3-only subfamily of proapoptotic proteins and is proposed to function as the sentinel of the cellular health status. Physiological activity of BAD is regulated by phosphorylation, association with 14-3-3 proteins, binding to membrane lipids and pore format... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.5114378929138184,
-1.1099226474761963,
2.709474563598633
] |
['The stem bark of Terminalia superba (Combretaceae) (TS) is used in traditional Cameroonian medicine as antihypertensive remedy. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypotensive and the antihypertensive effects of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Terminalia superba.', 'Hypertension was obtained in rats ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.344787120819092,
-1.2325135469436646,
2.6271812915802
] |
['Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the physiology and pathology of cerebral arteries, including ischaemic stroke. The cytochrome b-245 alpha gene (CYBA) encodes cytochrome b-245 alpha light chain (p22phox peptide), a critical element of NAD(P)H oxidases, the most important source of superoxide anion in... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.110262870788574,
-1.4890192747116089,
2.6565890312194824
] |
['Alpine plants are considered one of the groups of species most sensitive to the direct and indirect threats to ecosystems caused by land use and climate change. Collecting and banking seeds of plant species is recognized as an effective tool for providing propagating material to re-establish wild plant populations an... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-1.9050275087356567,
3.282132863998413,
-1.8447074890136719
] |
['This study aims to determine the effect of pregnancy on the accuracy of 3 commonly used methods to estimate glomerular filtration rate ([GFR] creatinine clearance, the Cockroft-Gault, and modification of diet in renal disease [MDRD] formulas) using the inulin clearance as a reference.', 'Longitudinal study design.', ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.3470598459243774,
-1.257154941558838,
1.6742260456085205
] |
['Most colorectal carcinomas are driven by an activation of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, which promotes the expression of multiple target genes mediating proliferation inavasion and invasion. Upon activation of the Wnt signalling pathway its key player β-catenin translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus a... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8192564249038696,
-1.4865765571594238,
2.256091594696045
] |
['Prolongation of the QT interval is a risk factor for sudden death. Methadone treatment is a well-recognised cause of QT interval lengthening in adults. The effect of maternal methadone treatment on the QT interval of the newborn infant is not known. This is the first prospective study of corrected QT (QTc) interval i... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.8513686656951904,
-0.8365669846534729,
1.7848848104476929
] |
['What risk factors have been identified for the first episode of low back pain in children and adolescents? Have these risk factors been validated?', 'Systematic review of prospective studies designed to identify possible modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for the onset of low back pain in children and adolesc... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-2.6156816482543945,
1.2461655139923096,
0.6388992071151733
] |
['During isometric shoulder adduction in normal subjects, do the rotator cuff muscles activate more than other shoulder muscles? Are the activation patterns influenced by shoulder abduction angle or load?', 'A within-participant, repeated measures experimental study.', '15 healthy adults.', 'Participants performed an i... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.5836586952209473,
-1.4552781581878662,
2.036107301712036
] |
['Pioglitazone and other thiazolidinediones are renoprotective in diabetic nephropathy at doses that normalize glycemia, presumably as a consequence of glycemic control. However, low doses of pioglitazone that did not normalize glycemia in rat models of type 2 diabetes prevented tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerul... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.416382074356079,
-1.3519924879074097,
2.8121554851531982
] |
['We investigated the reversibility of liver fibrosis induced with a CCl(4) injection and the role of stem cells in reversing the hepatic injury. Furthermore, the most effective cell fraction among bone marrow cells (BMCs) in the repair process was analysed.', 'C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups after 5 weeks o... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.12499737739563,
-1.4261006116867065,
2.551837682723999
] |
['A major challenge in evolutionary biology is to understand the typically complex interactions between diverse counter-balancing factors of Darwinian selection for size assortative mating and sexual size dimorphism. It appears that rarely a simple mechanism could provide a major explanation of these phenomena. Mechani... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-2.5011396408081055,
1.1700762510299683,
0.48243749141693115
] |
['Heterozygous mutations of SFTPC, the gene encoding surfactant protein C (SP-C), cause sporadic and familial interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children and adults. The most frequent SFTPC mutation in ILD patients leads to a threonine for isoleucine substitution at position 73 (I73T) of the SP-C preprotein (proSP-C), ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4481637477874756,
-1.3311136960983276,
2.8241395950317383
] |
['To determine if longer storage of embryos in a cryopreserved state negatively affects the chance of successful implantation following thawing and transfer.', 'A retrospective cohort analysis of frozen-thawed embryos that had been donated to recipients. Four time periods were evaluated.', 'No significant decrease in p... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.6839345693588257,
-0.42197611927986145,
1.17039954662323
] |
["Cell-based tissue engineering strategies are currently in clinical use and continue to be developed at a rapid pace for the repair of cartilage defects. Regardless of the repair methodology, chondrocytes within newly regenerated cartilage remain susceptible to the abnormal inflammatory and mechanical environments tha... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.4637839794158936,
-1.372189998626709,
2.87198543548584
] |
['Pre-synaptic D2 receptors regulate striatal dopamine release and DAT activity, key factors for modulation of motor pathways. A functional SNP of DRD2 (rs1076560 G>T) is associated with alternative splicing such that the relative expression of D2S (mainly pre-synaptic) vs. D2L (mainly post-synaptic) receptor isoforms ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.2952282428741455,
-1.2438043355941772,
2.5184550285339355
] |
['Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-7 is protective in different animal models of acute and chronic kidney disease. Its role in human kidneys, and in particular hypertensive nephrosclerosis, has thus far not been described.', 'BMP-7 mRNA was quantified using real-time PCR and localised by immunostaining in tissue sample... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.221900701522827,
-1.4147369861602783,
2.6456620693206787
] |
['Sexual reproduction relies on two key events: formation of cells with a haploid genome (the gametes) and restoration of diploidy after fertilization. Therefore the underlying mechanisms must have been evolutionary linked and there is a need for evidence that could support such a model.', 'We describe the identificati... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.6706573963165283,
-0.5413169264793396,
2.2465267181396484
] |
['To investigate the association between levels of psychological distress and smoking and quitting behaviours.', "Data were from two large Australian national household surveys of individuals over 20 years of age. Level of psychological distress was measured by the Kessler 10 scale. Tobacco smoking measures included cu... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 1 | [
-2.371112108230591,
1.5112144947052002,
0.2911563515663147
] |
['To investigate mechanisms behind heptanol (Hp)-induced infarct size reduction and in particular if protection by pre-treatment with Hp is triggered through mitochondrial mechanisms.', 'Langendorff perfused rat hearts, isolated mitochondria and isolated myocytes were used. Infarct size, mitochondrial respiration, time... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.396190881729126,
-1.4094409942626953,
2.8737311363220215
] |
['Patients treated with curatively intended surgery for oesophageal cancer have an approximately 30% chance of 5-year survival. Little is known about associations between postoperative health-related quality of life (HRQL) and long-term survival.', 'Poor postoperative HRQL after curatively intended oesophageal cancer s... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.1251025199890137,
-1.5249457359313965,
1.6249932050704956
] |
['Th17, a newly identified CD4+ T-cell subset, has been implicated in transplant rejection. Differentiation of Th17 cells is associated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are the main products of Küpffer cells.', 'To determine whether Küpffer cells promote acute liver allograft re... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.20491623878479,
-1.439612627029419,
2.6411588191986084
] |
['Controlled-release formulations of Valproate (VPA) reduce side effects by minimizing peak plasma VPA concentrations in patients with epilepsy. However, the impact of this on anti-seizure efficacy has not been thoroughly explored. Here the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chronic intermittent (consequently, pe... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.316608190536499,
-1.396862268447876,
2.7485485076904297
] |
['Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue are common symptoms after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but there is no specific treatment for affected patients. With this pilot study, we aimed at studying the effect of daily modafinil on posttraumatic EDS and fatigue.', 'We conducted a prospective, double-blind, rand... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.384777069091797,
-1.0663503408432007,
2.489637851715088
] |
['5-HT(1A) agonists are neuroprotective in CNS injury models. The authors evaluated the efficacy of 5-HT(1A) agonists to protect the retina from severe blue light-induced photo-oxidative damage.', 'Albino rats were dosed (subcutaneously) with AL-8309A, 8-OH DPAT, or buspirone once or three times before 6-hour exposure ... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.7289187908172607,
-1.5671218633651733,
2.2544546127319336
] |
['High sexual activity (SA) has been reported to reduce the risk of prostate cancer (PC). The role of sex hormones (SHs) in this regard remains controversial.', 'To determine the impact of SA and SHs on PC development.', 'In a multicentric hospital-based case-control study, 194 newly diagnosed PC patients along with 31... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-1.9558387994766235,
-1.3829660415649414,
2.338381767272949
] |
['Genetically determined differences in susceptibility to drug-induced sensitization could be related to risk for drug consumption.', 'Studies were performed to determine whether selective breeding could be used to create lines of mice with different magnitudes of locomotor sensitization to methamphetamine (MA). MA sen... | qiaojin/PubMedQA | 2 | [
-2.1701242923736572,
-0.9887185096740723,
2.174185037612915
] |
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